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This paper investigates the use of asynchronous online role-play as a learning technique to improve ESL learners' willingness to communicate. This study proposes two research objectives; to investigate the significant difference in ESL learners' willingness to communicate before and after performing asynchronous role-play and to identify factors that impact the ESL learners' willingness to communicate. A mixed-methods approach is used to understand the impact of the intervention. A set of questionnaires, reflective journal entries and a semi-structured interview were administered to tertiary level ESL students. Results from this study revealed that willingness to communicate among the participants in the treatment group significantly increased with the aid of asynchronous online role-play. Other findings identified factors such as self-confidence, teamwork, linguistic and non-linguistic factors as well as technical skills that show the feasibility of the asynchronous online role-play. The practical implications of this study would allow further exploration of learning techniques in the post-pandemic phenomenon of English language teaching and learning.

Abstract Background Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that significantly impact physical and mental well-being. Current research suggests a potential link between eating disorders and the gut microbiota, highlighting the role of gut-brain communication and its influence on nutrient absorption. Probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria, have shown promise in modulating the gut microbiota and may offer complementary interventions in the treatment of eating disorders. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, from inception to January 2024 to analyze the existing literature on the effects of probiotic supplementation in eating disorders. The search strategy included terms related to probiotics, prebiotics, eating disorders, and food addiction. The human studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane tool. The quality of animal studies was evaluated using the risk of bias (RoB) tool from the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation. Results Of the 417 papers, 12 eligible studies were included comprising five animal and seven clinical studies. Clinical trials ranged from 10 to 20 weeks and were randomized and parallel-arm design. The included studies varied in terms of sample characteristics, intervention types, and outcome measures. Preliminary findings suggest that probiotics may influence gut microbiota composition and may offer support in the treatment of eating disorders. Conclusions The reviewed studies showed that probiotic supplementation may have a role in reducing food addiction and binge eating, and enhancing satiety, regulating food intake as well as positively affecting mood. However, further studies with better quality and larger sample size are needed to further validate these findings.

Abstract Anemia is a significant public health concern, particularly among young female adults due to its potential impact on reproductive health. This study investigated the association between anemia-related knowledge, attitudes, menstrual health, and anemia status among Malaysian university students. This was a cross-sectional study named “SCARF” - Study to Combat Anemia - Research for Female Students, involving 674 university students in Malaysia. Anemia status was determined based on haemoglobin level, while knowledge, attitude and menstrual health were measured using validated questionnaires. The mean menarche age of students in this study was 12.1 ± 1.21 years. Students who were anemic had significantly longer menstrual cycle duration (P = 0.034) and more days with heavy flow (P = 0.038). Most students had poor knowledge (44.5%) and attitudes (84.1%) towards anemia. Students with good knowledge were 1.1 times more likely to have better anemia status compared to those with poor knowledge (95% CI: 1.0–1.2, P = 0.049). This study highlighted a lack of practical application of the knowledge to dietary habits. Collaborative efforts between educators and healthcare providers are crucial in developing a comprehensive strategy, such as interventions to prioritise educational initiatives and practical support to enhance overall menstrual health among female students.

Abstract Natural products derived from various sources, including plants, have garnered significant interest as alternative therapeutic options. Among these, Tualang honey, extracted from the nectar of Tualang trees (Koompassia excelsa (Becc.) Taub.), has a long history of traditional use due to its therapeutic properties. This review aims to examine the pharmacological activities of Tualang honey, encompassing both in vitro and in vivo studies. A systematic search was conducted in multiple databases, including PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Wiley, and Science Direct, up until December 2022 to identify relevant studies on the pharmacological activities of Tualang honey. Two independent reviewers were involved in article selection, followed by data extraction and assessment of methodological quality using Syrcle's risk of bias tool. 123 articles were included, collectively describing the pharmacological activities of Tualang honey, including antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antinociceptive, neuroprotective effects, and others. Tualang honey has significant promise as an alternative treatment option for treating a wide range of pathological diseases due to its wide range of pharmacological properties. Tualang honey's diverse array of pharmacological actions indicates its potential for multiple medicinal uses.

The emergence of digitalisation focusing on media literacy is becoming more prevalent and thus forcing educators to embrace innovations as our digital natives are now shifting their attention to digital technologies. This study aimed to develop and measure an assessment instrument for media literacy focusing on knowledge, skills, and values for digital natives in Malaysia. Adopting the digital intelligence (DQ) framework, we have constructed the assessment instrument relevant to our digital natives of secondary school students and distributed it across schools in eleven states and one Federal Territory of Malaysia. We received a complete set of instruments from 1,276 respondents of Form Two and Form Four students and analyse the data by using descriptive and statistical analysis through SPSS. The findings of the study contribute to a more holistic assessment instrument that recognises the increasingly complex areas of knowledge, values, and skills for digital natives living in diverse, digitally-mediated environments.

COVID-19 triggered a worldwide economic decline and raised concerns regarding its economic consequences on stock markets across the globe, notably on the Malaysian stock market. We examined how COVID-19 impacted Malaysia's financial market using correlation and network analysis. We found a rise in correlations between stocks during the pandemic, suggesting greater interdependence. To visualize this, we created networks for pre-pandemic, during-pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. Additionally, we built a network for the during-pandemic period with a specific threshold corresponding to pre- and post-pandemic network density. The networks during the pandemic showed increased connectivity and only contained positive correlations, reflecting synchronized stock movements. Last, we analyzed the networks' modularity, revealing highest modularity during the pandemic, which suggests stronger yet risk-prone communities.

Abstract Background There is no consensus on the frequency and timing of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in tendon healing. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of single versus multiple PRP injections in the healing of patellar tendon defects in the experimental model, through histological and biomechanical investigation. Methods Forty-four male skeletally mature Dutch rabbits were randomly divided into the five study groups ( A, B,C, D,E). After creating a longitudinal acute patellar tendon defect on both knees (One-third the width of the patella tendon), the right legs of the rabbits were used as the intervention group and the left legs as the control groups. Animals in groups A, B, and C were euthanized on days 7, 14, and 28, respectively, after the first PRP injection. Animals in group D received the second PRP injection on day 10 and was euthanized on day 14. Animals in group D received the second and third PRP injections on days 10 and 20, respectively, and were euthanized on day 28. The outcomes were evaluated histologically (modification of Movin’s Grading) and biomechanically. Results The inflammatory condition was exaggerated in groups D and E. Load at failure was higher in the non-injected side of groups D and E, while there was no significant difference between the right and left legs of the three groups A, B and C. In other word, groups with a single PRP injection were more resistant to the increasing load compared to the groups with multiple PRP injections. Conclusions PRP improves tendon healing if injected early after injury, while its injection after the initial phase of injury hampers tendon healing. In addition, a single PRP injection seems to be more effective than multiple PRP injection. Therefore, in cases where PRP injection is indicated for tendon repair, such as acute tendon injury, we recommend using a single PRP injection during tendon repair surgery.

Abstract Background Patient trust in medical staff is an important ethical issue that can influence various patient behaviors and attitudes, such as seeking healthcare, sharing confidential information, accepting treatment, and adhering to recommendations. This study aimed to assess patient trust in nurses and its relationship to the quality of care and communication skills of nurses in emergency departments. Methods This descriptive correlational study was conducted in 2023 in the emergency departments of medical training centers of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A total of 378 patients was selected using a quota sampling method. Data were collected using three valid and reliable tools: the Quality Patient Care (QUALPAC) scale, the Health Communication Feedback Questionnaire (HCFQ), and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS).The data were analyzed using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests using SPSS version 24. Results The majority of patients (99.2%) rated nurses' communication skills as moderate, with none rating them as poor. The average scores were 27.59 ± 2.76 for patient trust in nurses, 72.43 ± 3.30 for nurses' communication skills, and 198.30 ± 14.60 for the quality of nursing care. A significant correlation was found between patient trust in nurses and the overall quality of nursing care (r = 0.256, P

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is among the leading cause of sexually transmitted infections, particularly prevalent among sexually active individuals. While many HPV infections clear up over time, some may progress to various cancers such as anal cancer, cervical cancer and, vaginal cancer. This study examines the prevalence of different HPV genotypes, classified as high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR), among females of various age groups who visited the laboratory in Karaj. Material and methods Genital specimens were gathered from the individuals involved in the study and subjected to DNA extraction (DNA/RNA extraction AmpliSense, Moscow, Russia) followed by amplification using Real-Time PCR. HR- and LR-HPV genotypes were identified using the GenoFlow HPV Array test kit (GenoFlow; DiagCor Bioscience, Hong Kong) and homemade HPV genotyping kit. Demographic information such as age, was examined alongside statistical virological data. Results Overall, 367 (17%) out of the 2109 (100%) female cases tested positive for HPV. Among these, 219 (46.2%) were classified as low-risk, 44 (9.3%) as potentially high-risk, and 211 (44.5%) as high-risk. The highest percentage of positive test results was detected in individuals under 30 years old (35%) and those aged 40–50 (18%). Individuals in the

Summary: Background: Based on available data, acarbose may have an effect on body weight reduction. Nevertheless, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, the purpose of this review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) was to assess the existing data as thoroughly as possible. Methods: The relevant keywords were used to search the online databases to identify RCTs that examined the effect of acarbose on body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) up to April 2023. A random-effects model was applied to examine the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Seventy-one RCTs with 73 effect sizes were included in this meta-analytic work. The effect sizes for body weight, BMI, and WC were 45, 47, and 9, respectively. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant decrease in body weight (WMD = −1.21 kg; 95%CI, −1.67, −0.75; p

Abstract Aims L-carnitine plays a role related to cardiometabolic factors, but its effectiveness and safety in CVD are still unknown. We aim to assess the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on CVD risk factors. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until October 2022. The main outcomes were lipid profiles, anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, serum glucose levels, leptin, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated using a random-effects model. Results We included the 21 RCTs (n = 2900) with 21 effect sizes in this study. L-carnitine supplementation had a significant effect on TG (WMD = − 13.50 mg/dl, p = 0.039), LDL (WMD = − 12.66 mg/dl, p

Ghareeb Bahari,1 Ibrahim Mutambik,2 Abdullah Almuqrin,2 Zahyah H Alharbi3 1Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Information Science, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Ibrahim Mutambik, Email imutambik@ksu.edu.saBackground: Modern telemedicine (TM) technologies play a crucial role in enhancing access to Assistive Technology in healthcare services. However, the full benefits of this technology will not be realized unless it is widely accepted among service users (patients). This study aimed to investigate the impact of patient trust and perceived risk on the acceptance of TM for Assistive Technology in healthcare.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive survey instrument was developed and refined through expert feedback and a pilot study, leading to data collection from 917 participants. The theoretical framework guiding this research was based on the Trust factors in TM, which helped in conceptualizing the factors influencing patient acceptance of TM.Results: The study revealed a significant gap in patient trust in TM and highlighted the multifaceted nature of perceived risk, emphasizing the need to consider individual risk factors separately. Results also indicated that trust in technological reliability and the perceived effectiveness of TM were critical factors influencing its adoption. The findings underscore the importance of building trust among service users and promoting the reliability of TM for achieving desirable medical outcomes.Conclusion: In conclusion, to facilitate widespread acceptance of TM for Assistive Technology, a multi-faceted approach involving healthcare providers, organizations, and governments is essential to address patient concerns, enhance trust, and promote the benefits of this technology.Keywords: trust, risk, telemedicine, TM, technology adoption, patient, behaviour

Abstract We aimed to investigate the association between an empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), empirical dietary index for insulin resistance (EDIR), and MetS and its components in an adult Iranian population. In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 6482 participants aged 35–65 years were recruited as part of the MASHAD cohort study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were used to define MetS. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to determine the association between EDIH, EDIR, and MetS and its components. The mean age and BMI of participants were 48.44±8.20 years, and 27.98±4.73 kg/m2, respectively. Around 59% of the population was female. Of the total population, 35.4% had MetS. According to the full‐adjusted model, there was no significant association between higher quartiles of EDIH and EDIR and odds of MetS (Q4 EDIH; OR (95%CI):0.93 (0.74‐1.18), Q4 EDIR; OR (95%CI):1.14 (0.92‐1.40). Regarding MetS components, EDIR was associated with increased odds of hypertension and diabetes (Q4 EDIR; OR (95%CI):1.22 (1.04‐1.44) and 1.22 (1.01‐1.47), respectively). EDIH was also associated with decreased odds of hypertriglyceridemia (Q4 EDIH; OR (95%CI): 0.72 (0.60‐0.87)). This study showed no significant association between hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance potential of diet and odds of MetS among Iranian adults. However, EDIR was significantly associated with increased odds of hypertension and diabetes as MetS components.

The island of Lombok is inhabited by the Sasak tribe with the majority of the people being Muslim. This island is located in the small Sunda range in the central region of Indonesia. The Sasak tribe as the original inhabitants of the island of Lombok, which is also nicknamed the island of a thousand mosques, has a variety of unique religious traditions and rituals that we can only find on the island of Lombok. so many traditions in Lombok itself are still closely related to Islam. As well as the maulidan tradition, Lebaran ketupat, and several other traditions. Discussions related to Islamic tradition have been studied by many figures in the world, one of which is Talal Asad. It should also be noted that Talal Asad has criticized the textualization of social life, his work has shifted analysis through behavioral interpretation and towards an investigation into the relationship of practice with what he calls "discursive tradition." Asad introduced this concept in his intervention into Islamic anthropology but also linked it to several fields (anthropology, religious studies, postcolonial studies, critical theory) concerned with ethics and religion in modernity. Through this article, the author would like to invite readers to jointly understand the context of Islamic anthropology based on customs, traditions, and the writings of figures such as Talal Asad. This article is expected to be able to provide education to the public regarding Islam on the island of Lombok, then the history of Islam on the island of Lombok, customs, traditions, and its review based on Talal Asad's anthropology.

Education based on social entrepreneurship (SE) practices is of importance at this time to shape the personality of students who are more responsible towards the surrounding environment. This SE requires high motivation from students to ensure success in education based on social entrepreneurship can be achieved. However, the factors that support the motivation for social entrepreneurship are still poorly identified, particularly in the setting of undergraduate students in Malaysia. Data were collected from 15 selected Malaysian universities involving undergraduate students who are actively involved in the Enactus program. A set of questionnaires was administered to 294 respondents online. The data analysis involved confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to measure the construct validity of the measurement model, and covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) to establish the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables. The results revealed self-efficacy and entrepreneurship education provide a relationship in motivation toward social entrepreneurship by undergraduate students. However, social support does not relate to motivation toward social entrepreneurship. Overall, this study adds to the notion of factors that influence social entrepreneurship motivation by supplementing the literature in the areas of educational management and entrepreneurship. In practice, this study contributes significantly to the formation of government policies to further strengthen the motivation of social entrepreneurship that can enhance the community economy and local communities.

Addiction to social media addiction is considered a leading risk factor for depression among adolescents, but the relationship needs to be supported empirically. This study investigates the social media addiction level and its association with depression among Malaysian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a structured questionnaire to potential respondents aged 13 to 21 years old from Johor and Sarawak. Data were analysed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, correlation, and Chi-square tests. Overall, 72.0% and 33.0% of the 384 respondents recorded high levels of social media addiction and depression, respectively. A significant and low positive relationship was detected between social media addiction and depression among adolescents. The levels of social media addiction and depression differed across age groups, gender, race, and the time spent on social media platforms. These findings reflect the need to address excessive social media usage among adolescents.

Purpose This prospective study aimed to investigate estrogen-induced carcinogenesis by assessing the background levels of abasic sites (apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, AP sites) in Taiwanese breast cancer patients following 5 years of postoperative treatment without recurrence (5-year survivors) (n = 70). The study also sought to compare the extent of these DNA lesions with those found in healthy controls and in breast cancer patients prior to treatment. Methods Abasic sites were measured using an aldehyde reactive probe and quantified as the total number of abasic sites per total nucleotides. Characterization of the abasic sites in subjects recruited for this study was conducted using the abasic site cleavage assay using putrescine or T7 exonuclease (T7 Exo) and/or exonuclease III (Exo III). Results The number of abasic sites detected in 5 year survivors (26.7 ± 10.2 per 10 6 total nucleotides, n = 70) was significantly reduced by 46.9% compared to those in breast cancer patients before treatment (50.3 ± 59.2 per 10 6 total nucleotides, P < 0.001), and was similar to the levels observed in healthy controls (23.3 ± 13.5 per 10 6 total nucleotides, P > 0.05). Further investigation into the specific types of abasic sites indicated that the number of abasic sites excisable by putrescine in controls, breast cancer patients, and 5-year survivors were 63.3%, 78.6%, and 67.7%, respectively. These findings suggest the involvement of oxidative stress rather than depurination/depyrimidination of DNA adducts in the formation of abasic sites. Further analyses were performed using exonuclease cleavage assay to characterize the specific types of abasic sites including 5′-cleaved, 3′-cleaved, intact, and residual abasic sites. Results demonstrated that the proportion of residual abasic sites detected in controls, breast cancer patients, and 5-year survivors were estimated to be 32.7%, 48.8%, and 34.0%, respectively. Conclusion Overall, these findings suggest clear evidence of treatment-related effects on the reduction of levels of abasic sites as well as on the profile of abasic sites in 5 year survivors.

Background. Brain stroke is the second most common cause of death and the first cause of disability in Iran. Most stroke-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. This epidemiological study was conducted due to insufficient studies and generally with a small sample size in the country, aiming at identifying the main risk factors for stroke in East Azarbaijan province. Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed using data gathered from 5430 patients with a definite diagnosis of brain stroke registered in the Tabriz Stroke Registration System (TSR) between February 2015 and June 2021 in the referral hospitals of East Azerbaijan. Analyses were performed using STATA software (version 17). Descriptive statistics were calculated, and a chi-square test was run. It is worth mentioning that any was considered statistically significant. Results. The epidemiological profile of the main risk factors was presented in the framework of clinical trials and findings, clinical risk factors, and behavioral risk factors associated with brain stroke. The mean age of the patients was 69.52±15.72 years; 47.15% were female and 52.85% were male. The most common risk factors include: having high blood pressure (67.81%), snoring (32.06%), diabetes mellitus (22.23%), familial history of stroke (18.78%), ischemic heart disease (17.55%), aspiration pneumonia (15.32%), smoking (13.65%), atrial fibrillation (10.15%), and hyperlipidemia (8.42%). Ischemic brain stroke (68.20%) was more common than hemorrhagic brain stroke (31.80%). Smoking was significantly higher in men than women. The prevalence of hypertension, atrial fibrillation (P=0.001), and hyperlipidemia was significantly higher in women than men. There was a direct and significant relationship between atrial fibrillation and age and female gender (P=0.001). Conclusion. The main risk factors for brain stroke include high blood pressure, snoring, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, aspiration pneumonia, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and hyperlipidemia, respectively. Hypertension is the most common risk factor among patients, so screening for asymptomatic cases is recommended. Educating people about common clinical manifestations can help expedite their early referral and treatment.

Background: The presence of aflatoxin M1, a toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic substance, poses significant health risks. Hence, this study assesses the levels of aflatoxin M1 in raw, pasteurized, and sterilized milk obtained from the North Khorasan Province, Iran, and evaluates its potential impact on consumer health. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study randomly collected 189 raw milk samples. Additionally, 70 pasteurized and sterilized milk samples from supermarkets in the North Khorasan Province, Iran, were included. All samples were assessed for aflatoxin M1 contamination using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Meanwhile, statistical analysis (analysis of variance) was performed on the results. Results: The Mean±SD concentration of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk from the North Khorasan Province, Iran, was 18.44±34.6 ng/L, while pasteurized and sterilized milk had a higher mean concentration of 42.8±21.54 ng/L. The lowest concentration was found in Bojnord City, Iran, at 9.30±8.91 ng/L, while the highest concentration was detected in Jajarm at 30.70±80.50 ng/L. The mean contamination of aflatoxin M1 was not statistically significant (P=0.42) in most cities of the province. Meanwhile, 6.34% of raw milk and 11.4% of pasteurized milk samples had higher levels of aflatoxin M1 than the maximum limit recommended by the Iran National Standard Organization (INSO) (100 ng/L). However, none of the milk samples exceeded the permissible limit set by the Veterinary Organization of the country (500 ng/L). Conclusion: The mean concentration of aflatoxin M1 in raw and pasteurized milk from the North Khorasan Province is lower than the European Union (EU) standard of 50 ng/L and the approved limit set by the country’s Veterinary Organization (500 ng/L). Therefore, it is not considered a significant threat to the health of adults.

Summary: Purpose: Previous studies have reported that Ziziphus jujuba has beneficial effects on wellness, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as improving the lipid profile. However, the evidence in this field is unclear. The current systematic study and meta-analysis aim to investigate the effect of Ziziphus jujuba on metabolic factors, including BMI, FBG, TG, TC, LDL, and HDL. Methods: We searched for randomized clinical trials on online resources such as PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science until October 2022. Four eligible articles were included in the current investigation. Results: The results of the current research revealed that the consumption of Ziziphus jujuba significantly reduces BMI (WMD: -1.03 kg/m2; 95% CI, -1.77 to -0.29, p=0.006), TG (WMD: -24.64 mg/dl; 95% CI, -33.64 to -15.64, p

Purpose: This research aims to understand how e-endorsements, which involve popular individuals or entities in product promotions, can increase consumer purchasing interest, build positive perceptions of products, and encourage purchase intentions. Methodology: The research method used in this research is a qualitative approach that focuses on literature reviews. Researchers collect and analyze existing data from various sources to understand the effectiveness of e-endorsements as a digital marketing strategy. Research Findings: E-endorsement is an effective digital marketing strategy in digital business. This strategy involves using popular individuals or entities to promote a product, which can increase purchasing interest, build positive perceptions of the product, and encourage purchase intent. Contribution/Originality/Novelty: The contribution of this research lies in an in-depth analysis of the influence of e-endorsements in digital marketing, especially in the context of growing digital businesses. Its originality comes from the focus on discussing influencers with high popularity and trust as a promotional tool, which has not been researched much before. The novelty of this research lies in the latest observations of trends in e-commerce and social media, as well as an assessment of the potential of e-endorsements as a business opportunity for resellers and dropshippers. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana e-endorsement, yang melibatkan individu atau entitas populer dalam promosi produk, dapat meningkatkan minat beli konsumen, membangun persepsi positif terhadap produk, dan mendorong keinginan pembelian. Metodologi: Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif yang berfokus pada tinjauan literatur. Peneliti mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data yang ada dari berbagai sumber untuk memahami efektivitas e-endorsement sebagai strategi pemasaran digital. Temuan Penelitian: E-endorsement merupakan strategi pemasaran digital yang efektif dalam bisnis digital. Strategi ini melibatkan penggunaan individu atau entitas populer untuk mempromosikan produk, yang dapat meningkatkan minat beli, membangun persepsi positif produk, dan mendorong keinginan pembelian. Kontribusi/Orisinalitas/Kebaruan: Kontribusi penelitian ini terletak pada analisis mendalam tentang pengaruh e-endorsement dalam pemasaran digital, khususnya dalam konteks bisnis digital yang berkembang. Originalitasnya datang dari fokus pada pembahasan mengenai influencer dengan popularitas tinggi dan kepercayaan sebagai alat promosi, yang belum banyak diteliti sebelumnya. Kebaharuan penelitian ini terletak pada pengamatan terkini terhadap tren dalam e-commerce dan media sosial, serta penilaian terhadap potensi E-endorsement sebagai peluang bisnis bagi reseller dan dropshipper.