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Coffee pulpers generally use combustion and electric engines in operation, which have many disadvantages such as expensive fuel, pollution, and limited usage in places where electricity is supplied by the government. Therefore, a wet pulper coffee powered by an alternating current electric engine based on solar panels was developed. This study aims to produce and test a solar-powered alternating current electric engine wet pulper for coffee. This research went through several stages which are collecting secondary data, designing the tools to be developed, technical analysis, and performance test. The development of the pulper machine included an electric motor with a power of 1103.64 W, with a maximum machine rotational speed of 1400 rpm, an inverter, a 12 V and 100 A battery, a solar panel, and a 24 A solar charge controller. The performance results showed a stripping capacity of 783.176 kg∙h−1 and the best percentage of stripped coffee pulp at a machine rotational speed of 467 rpm and a mass of 3 kg. The findings show that a pulper powered by a solar-based alternating current electric engine can be a viable solution for areas without electricity and a suitable replacement for combustion engines.

The rice yield gap (YG) is a global concern, requiring more detailed studies spatially and temporally. As a staple food in Indonesia, rice was produced from 7.4 Mha paddy fields in 2019. Better insight into the YG helps assess measures to boost rice production. However, the information on YG variation among regions scale is limited. This study aimed to identify the rice YG based on 295 historical trial datasets from 23 provinces in Indonesia. We surveyed published trial results from 2012 to 2022 and analyzed YGs, expressed as the percentage of farmer yield (FY). The potential yield (PY) was estimated from field trial results using introduced rice cultivation technology package, whereas FY from results using existing farmer practices. Our study showed that the average YG was 62% in rainfed, 54% in tidal, and 32% in irrigated paddy fields. The YG was significantly high in the paddy fields of Kalimantan (74%) and Maluku-Papua (49%), while the lowest was in Sulawesi (27%) and Java (31%). The YG varied significantly with geo-regions, rice varieties, and cultivation technology packages. Closing the YG and ensuring sustainable rice production requires the implementation of sustainable intensification through applying site-specific technology packages, reallocation of agricultural interventions to a higher YG region, and rice variety improvement to increase PY.

Hydrological analysis is an important stage in the development of water resources. Determining hydrological quantities is actually not too difficult if the data for analysis purposes is available in sufficient quantity and quality. The method used for the analysis of the planned flood discharge depends on the amount of discharge data and rainfall data. Based on the analysis of discharge data and rain data. For planning the storage capacity of the river crossing the railway bridge, using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS) Method, the river water level to the JEKA 2 structure is 13.38 m and the river water level to the tracks is 16.38 m so that the railroad tracks at Bridge 2 can be said to be safe against the river water level. Hydrological analysis is one part of a whole series in the planning of transportation structures such as roads, bridges and railway bridges including flood barrier embankments and so on.

There are several coffee pulping machines that are commonly used by farmers, but there are some drawbacks to these pulping machines. For example, a pulper machine with a large construction does not allow peeling in the coffee harvesting area. The purpose of this research is to design and build a prototype of a mobile wet coffee peeling machine (pulper). The research method used starts from design analysis. Furthermore, the data from the design analysis was used as the basis for making the prototype of the mobile pulper machine. The testing method used is based on functional tests, structural tests and mobility testing of the mobile pulper to see the feasibility of mobilizing the machine. The results of the study show that the coffee pulper can be mounted on a modified motorcycle frame. The peeling cylinder is rotated by power from the engine and uses a shaft extender as an additional shaft from the engine. The transmission system used is pulley and belt with the ratio of engine pulley and peeling cylinder which is 1:4. The engine rotation in the idle position is 1289 RPM which produces a peeling cylinder rotation of 279 RPM in the test without material and 204 RPM in the test with material. The hopper used is a built-in hopper with a volume of 0.028 m3 or 15 kg of coffee cherries for one filling. It can be concluded that the mobile pulper machine can be used for peeling in the coffee harvesting area.

The rapid development of technology has brought a positive impact on the agricultural sector, primarily through the concept of precision agriculture. Precision fertilization is critical to improving agricultural quality and productivity by adapting the right actions to the right place at the right Time according to land variability. One approach that is considered successful is fertilization based on nutrient adequacy levels, which can provide optimal fertilization recommendations. The purpose of this study is to obtain an auger-type variable rate mating device that can control the dose of granular fertilizer. The results showed that the variable rate metering device auger type that had been tested could work quite well in controlling the dose of granular fertilizer. This can be seen from the static calibration of the auger-type metering device producing a linear correlation of each motor with a correlation equation y = 0.0041x – 0.025 with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.9543 and the results of testing stair step response and step response both without fertilizer and with fertilizer show that the system can follow the set point commands given.

One of the uses of solar energy in agriculture is as a source of heat energy for dryers. Through the Kedaireka 2023 Matching Fund (MF) activity and in collaboration with the Independent Rural Agricultural Training Center (P4S) of Bukit Melintang, Sidrap Regency to develop a hybrid solar and LPG dryer. Thermal energy from the sun is obtained from a flat plate-type solar collector system. This research aims to obtain a flat plate-type solar collector system as an alternative heat source for hybrid dryers. The research was carried out to test the functional tool and determine its performance in converting solar energy into heat that can be used for drying equipment. The results of tests carried out on October 22, 2023, from 10.25 AM to 13.35 PM at the Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Hasanuddin University, with coordinates -5.131048, 119.485434 showed that the average environmental temperature was 36.5 °C, the highest temperature in the solar collector outlet was 57 °C which occurred at 11.15 – 11.40. and experienced a decrease in temperature until 13.35 to the lowest temperature of 42.5 °C. This shows that the solar collector can increase the temperature from 60 to 20.5 °C.

The content of hydrogen sulphide in the rich solution from absorption process is a contaminant type toxic and hazardous waste which has negative impact on the environment. This study aims to reduce H2S in rich solution by utilizing Thiobacillus sp. The utilization of Thiobacillus sp was carried out at ambient temperature, pH ranging from 8.5 to 9.3, facultative aeration with variations in initial H2S concentrations (1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 ppm) and an initial microbial to H2S solution (1:5, 1:3 and 1:1). H2S concentration analysis was performed to determine the efficiency of H2S reduction by using iodometric titration method. Analysis of total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, and M-Alkalinity were performed to determine water quality resulted from the reduction by Thiobacillus sp. The highest H2S reduction efficiency by Thiobacillus sp at 70% was obtained by initial H2S concentrations of 3,000 ppm and the initial microbial ratio of H2 at 1: 3 solution with TS, VS, TSS, VSS, COD, pH and Alkalinity values were 5,040 mg/L, 2.420 mg/L, 1.030 mg/L, 690 mg/L, 126 mg/L, 8.1 - 9.6, and 750 mg/L respectively.

Despite the researches into pre-service teachers' perception of online learning has been extensively undertaken during the pandemic COVID-19, little empirical evidence addresses their perception of the learning basic needs during the pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia. To fill this void, this study aims to explore how Arabic pre-service teachers perception on online learning during the pandemic. Observations and in-depth interviews were carried out in the data collection process. The results of the study indicate that Arabic pre-service teachers' perceptions relating to the basic needs of online learning consist of four things; competence, arousal, self-determination, and relatedness. Finally, this research implies not only contextual but also empirical and policy contributions.

"Siri' na pacce" is the local wisdom of the Bugis-Makassar tribe. "Siri'" embodies the unification of the attitude of shame and self-esteem, while "pacce" embodies an attitude of compassion and solidarity. This research aims at describing teachers' perceptions about the inculcation of "siri' na pacce" value in primary school learning and teaching practices. This research involved 102 primary school teachers in Makassar, Indonesia. The research instruments were questionnaires, interview guidelines, and recorded observations of learning. The majority of participants believed the value of "siri' na pacce" is still relevant to current conditions and realized their essential role in conveying it to students. Most participants thought that the value of "siri' na pacce" needs to be integrated into learning, although there were participants who thought it is difficult to do. More than 50% of participants stated that they always or often conveyed "siri' na pacce" value to students both inside and outside the classroom. However, less than 50% of participants regularly or frequently consider how to integrate these values into learning. The activities of integrating "siri' na pacce" value conducted by the teacher in learning were not well planned yet.

The chemical characteristics of peat soil can be improved with soil amendments such as biochar derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB), or by nitrogen (N) fertilisation. Our study aimed to determine the separate effects of OPEFB biochar and N fertiliser, along with their interaction, on the dynamics (loss, content, uptake) of nutrients in peat soil as well as on the growth of oil palm seedlings. A glasshouse experiment was carried out in North Sumatra (Indonesia) from December 2020 to February 2021 using a Complete Randomised Factorial design. The first factor was the OPEFB biochar dosages (0, 5, 10, 15 t ha-1 ) and the second factor was the dosage of N fertiliser (30, 45, 60 kg ha-1 ), with three replicates. The data were analysed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan at P< 0.05. The results showed that biochar doses of 10 and 15 t ha-1 effectively reduced the losses of N and magnesium (Mg) by 15.7 and 7.56 %, respectively. These reductions were accompanied by increases in soil pH (by 5.12 %) and exchangeable potassium (by 48.3 %). The levels of the plant nutrients phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and boron (B) in the oil palm seedlings were 17.8, 27.0, 5.88, 7.89 and 0.18 %, respectively. Furthermore, N fertiliser doses of 30–45 kg ha-1 increased pH, total N and nutrient (N, B) content as well as the uptake of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, B and Cu. The interaction of 10–15 t ha-1 biochar with 30–45 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertiliser inhibited leaching of N but increased exchangeable-K and nutrient (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, B, Cu) contents. Based on our results, only N doses of 30–45 kg ha-1 were effective in increasing the number of leaves, stem diameter and biomass of oil palm seedlings, while the effects of biochar and the interaction were insignificant. The findings of this study are relevant for oil palm plantations in peatland areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The stone formation could occur due to urine stasis in the bladder diverticulum. However, the stones are usually smaller in size and can pass spontaneously. However, a giant stone inside vesical diverticulum is considered a rare entity. We report a 69-year-old male, with a two-year history of lower urinary tract symptoms along with a recurrence of urinary tract infection. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed the presence of a giant bladder diverticulum and a large bladder stone. The patient underwent a transurethral bladder neck incision followed by diverticulectomy with stone extraction. The diverticulum size measures 6x4x3.8 cm and diverticulum stone size of 4x3x3 cm. Fortunately, the patient recovered well after the operation. In conclusion, giant stones inside large vesical diverticulum are a rare occurrence and should be considered in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Early diagnosis and optimal management of the obstruction are the principles to prevent long-term complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]