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2. An international collaborative study to co-produce a patient-reported outcome measure of cardiac arrest survivorship and health-related quality of life (CASHQoL): A protocol for developing the long-form measure

Author

Haywood, Kirstie L., primary, Southern, Charlotte, additional, Tutton, Elizabeth, additional, Swindell, Paul, additional, Ellard, David, additional, Pearson, Nathan A., additional, Parsons, Helen, additional, Couper, Keith, additional, Dainty, Katie N., additional, Agarwal, Sachin, additional, Perkins, Gavin D., additional, Arestedt, Kristofer, additional, Aves, Theresa, additional, Bray, Janet, additional, Brookes, Anne, additional, Callaway, Clifton, additional, Castren, Maaret, additional, Ong, Marcus Eng Hock, additional, Gellis, Katrysha, additional, Goossens, Paulien H., additional, Graesner, Jan-Thorsten, additional, Hartley, Angela, additional, Hoadley, Rob, additional, Israelsson, Johan, additional, Jeffrey, David, additional, Joshi, Vicky, additional, Keeble, Thomas R., additional, Lilja, Gisela, additional, Long, John, additional, Mion, Marco, additional, Morrison, Laurie J., additional, Moulaert, Veronique R.M., additional, Playford, Diane, additional, Sawyer, Kelly, additional, Semeraro, Federico, additional, Smith, Karen, additional, Williams, Barry, additional, and Wylie, Jasmine, additional

Published
2022
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4. Clinical impact of pretreatment human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in people initiating nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Clinical Virology, Medische Microbiologie, MMB, Infection & Immunity, MMB opleiding Arts microbioloog, Bertagnolio, Silvia, Hermans, Lucas, Jordan, Michael R., Avila-Rios, Santiago, Iwuji, Collins, Derache, Anne, Delaporte, Eric, Wensing, Annemarie, Aves, Theresa, Borhan, A. S.M., Leenus, Alvin, Parkin, Neil, Doherty, Meg, Inzaule, Seth, Mbuagbaw, Lawrence, Clinical Virology, Medische Microbiologie, MMB, Infection & Immunity, MMB opleiding Arts microbioloog, Bertagnolio, Silvia, Hermans, Lucas, Jordan, Michael R., Avila-Rios, Santiago, Iwuji, Collins, Derache, Anne, Delaporte, Eric, Wensing, Annemarie, Aves, Theresa, Borhan, A. S.M., Leenus, Alvin, Parkin, Neil, Doherty, Meg, Inzaule, Seth, and Mbuagbaw, Lawrence

Published
2021

5. 2020 International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations

Author

Singletary, Eunice M., primary, Zideman, David A., additional, Bendall, Jason C., additional, Berry, David C., additional, Borra, Vere, additional, Carlson, Jestin N., additional, Cassan, Pascal, additional, Chang, Wei-Tien, additional, Charlton, Nathan P., additional, Djärv, Therese, additional, Douma, Matthew J., additional, Epstein, Jonathan L., additional, Hood, Natalie A., additional, Markenson, David S., additional, Meyran, Daniel, additional, Orkin, Aaron M., additional, Sakamoto, Tetsuya, additional, Swain, Janel M., additional, Woodin, Jeff A., additional, De Buck, Emmy, additional, De Brier, Niels, additional, O, Dorien, additional, Picard, Christopher, additional, Goolsby, Craig, additional, Oliver, Emily, additional, Klaassen, Barry, additional, Poole, Kurtis, additional, Aves, Theresa, additional, Lin, Steve, additional, Handley, Anthony J., additional, Jensen, Jan, additional, Allan, Katherine S., additional, Lee, Chien-Chang, additional, Schmölzer, Georg M., additional, Morley, Peter T., additional, Nieuwlaat, Robby, additional, and Lang, Eddy, additional

Published
2020
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6. Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Catheter Ablation or Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Allan, Katherine S., primary, Aves, Theresa, additional, Henry, Shaunattonie, additional, Banfield, Laura, additional, Victor, J. Charles, additional, Dorian, Paul, additional, Healey, Jeff S., additional, Andrade, Jason G., additional, Carroll, Sandra L., additional, and McGillion, Michael H., additional

Published
2020
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8. The Role of Pragmatism in Explaining Heterogeneity in Meta-Analyses

Author

Aves, Theresa, Mbuagbaw, Lawrence, and Health Research Methodology

Subjects
Methodological Review, Pragmatic Trials, RITES, PRECIS-2, Systematic Review, Heterogeneity, Meta-Regression
Abstract

Introduction: There has been increasing interest in evidence from pragmatic trials as healthcare providers and decision makers must determine if available evidence can be translated and used in real world practice. As a result, a number of tools have been developed to help researchers design and appraise randomized controlled trials (RCTs) within the pragmatic-explanatory continuum. It is unclear what role pragmatism plays in heterogeneity and if pragmatic and explanatory trials should be pooled in meta-analyses of systematic reviews. Objectives: Our primary objective was to explore the role of pragmatism (based on the Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 [PRECIS-2] score) as a source of heterogeneity in Cochrane systematic reviews with at least substantial heterogeneity (I2≥ 50%). Our secondary objective was to compare and contrast the application of the established PRECIS-2 tool to the newly developed Rating of Included Trials on the Efficacy-Effectiveness Spectrum (RITES) tool. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional methodological review on systematic reviews of RCTs published in the Cochrane Library from January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2017. Included systematic reviews had a minimum of 10 RCTs in the meta-analysis of the primary outcome and at least moderate heterogeneity (I2≥ 50%). Of the eligible systematic reviews, a random selection of 10 were included for quantitative evaluation. In each systematic review, RCTs were scored using the PRECIS-2 and RITES tools, in duplicate, to determine the amount of pragmatism. Meta-regression modelling was performed to evaluate how much variability in heterogeneity (quantified by I2) was due to pragmatism. Inter-rater reliability of both PRECIS-2 and RITES was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the strength of the relation between PRECIS-2 and RITES. Results: Ten systematic reviews from nine Cochrane Review Groups were included in the quantitative analysis. The reviews included an average of 13 RCTs (standard deviation=2.6) for a total of 132 RCTs of which 128 could be obtained. When the PRECIS-2 summary score was entered as a covariate in random effects meta-regression models for each systematic review, there were minimal changes in heterogeneity. The changes in I2 ranged from 0.2% to 13.3%. Conclusion: Based on these findings it appears pragmatism as measured by PRECIS-2 does not explain heterogeneity in systematic reviews, therefore pooling of pragmatic and explanatory RCTs is unlikely to be detrimental to meta-analyses. Thesis Master of Science (MSc) Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are an important scientific activity that can lead to changes in health care. However, there is concern whether it is appropriate to meta-analyze data from RCTs that are performed under more controlled conditions (explanatory RCTs) and RCTs that are performed under more real world conditions (pragmatic RCTs) since there may be variability between them. The purpose of this research was to explore how much these trial types affect variability, otherwise known as heterogeneity, in systematic reviews. We applied a scoring tool called the Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 (PRECIS-2) to RCTs within 10 systematic reviews with at least moderate heterogeneity and performed statistical modelling to determine how much heterogeneity could be explained by a trial being more or less pragmatic. Results showed that trial type did not explain heterogeneity therefore it is probably reasonable to meta-analyze data from pragmatic and explanatory RCTs.

Published
2017

10. 747. Antibiotic Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Author

Siemieniuk, Reed, primary, Lee, Yung, additional, Bogoch, Isaac, additional, Brignardello-Petersen, Romina, additional, Fei, Yutong, additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Aves, Theresa, additional, Zeraatkar, Dena, additional, Sadeghirad, Behnam, additional, Li, Xun, additional, Evaniew, Nathan, additional, Bhatnagar, Neera, additional, Rochwerg, Bram, additional, Guyatt, Gordon, additional, and Loeb, Mark, additional

Published
2018
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13. Comparison of health-related quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with catheter ablation or antiarrhythmic drug therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Author

Allan, Katherine S, primary, Henry, Shaunattonie, additional, Aves, Theresa, additional, Banfield, Laura, additional, Victor, J Charles, additional, Dorian, Paul, additional, Healey, Jeff S, additional, Andrade, Jason, additional, Carroll, Sandra, additional, and McGillion, Michael, additional

Published
2017
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15. Clinically Significant Pocket Hematoma Increases Long-Term Risk of Device Infection

Author

Essebag, Vidal, primary, Verma, Atul, additional, Healey, Jeff S., additional, Krahn, Andrew D., additional, Kalfon, Eli, additional, Coutu, Benoit, additional, Ayala-Paredes, Felix, additional, Tang, Anthony S., additional, Sapp, John, additional, Sturmer, Marcio, additional, Keren, Arieh, additional, Wells, George A., additional, Birnie, David H., additional, Green, Martin, additional, Nery, Pablo, additional, Lemery, Robert, additional, Gollob, Michael, additional, Davis, Darryl, additional, Redpath, Calum, additional, Duchesne, Lloyd, additional, Carlin, Leslie, additional, MacDonald, Karen, additional, Dunne, Rosemary, additional, Fleming, Rochelle, additional, Yeltsir, Elizabeth, additional, Chen, Li, additional, Tran, My-Linh, additional, Coyle, Doug, additional, Hadjis, Tomy, additional, Bernier, Martin L., additional, Omelchenko, Alexander, additional, Rafti, Fiorella, additional, Beaudoin, Johannie, additional, Bureau, Johanne, additional, Coutu, Isabelle, additional, Vaillancourt, Emilie, additional, Manlucu, Jaimie, additional, Yee, Raymond, additional, Skanes, Allan, additional, Gula, Lorne, additional, Klein, George, additional, Leong-Sit, Peter, additional, Nyman, Lynn, additional, Bentley, Cathy, additional, Hulley, Denise, additional, Morillo, Carlos, additional, Connolly, Stuart, additional, Nair, Girish, additional, Divakaramenon, S., additional, Ribas, S., additional, Eikelboom, John, additional, Meyer, Wendy, additional, Malcolm, Victoria, additional, Carroll, Sandra, additional, Simpson, Christopher S., additional, Baranchuk, Adrian, additional, Abdollah, Hashiar, additional, Michael, Kevin, additional, Redfearn, Damian, additional, Hammond, Sharlene, additional, Ewart, Gwen, additional, Fair, Sharon, additional, O’Reilly, Glenda, additional, Novak, Paul, additional, Sterns, Laurence, additional, Leather, Richard, additional, Smith, Reg, additional, Lane, Chris, additional, Bastell, Mona, additional, Parfett, Debbie, additional, Green, Andrea, additional, Jackson, Heather, additional, Basta, Magdy, additional, Gardner, Martin, additional, Parkash, Ratika, additional, Gray, Chris, additional, Fearon, Ann, additional, Giddens, Karen, additional, Carroll, Lisa, additional, Kus, Teresa, additional, Becker, Guiliano, additional, Langlois, Ann, additional, Sirois, Carole, additional, Khaykin, Yaariv, additional, Wulffhart, Zaev, additional, Tsang, Bernice, additional, Pantano, Alfredo, additional, Winger, Kellie, additional, Patterson, Sherri, additional, Nath, Annette, additional, Seifer, Colette, additional, Wolfe, Kevin, additional, Khadem, Ali, additional, Tischenko, Alex, additional, Polson, Jan, additional, Roux, Jean-Francois, additional, Badra, Mariano, additional, Cote, Stephanie, additional, Lavallee, Lyne, additional, Houde, Rene, additional, Crystal, Eugene, additional, Lashevsky, Ilan, additional, Lau, Ching, additional, Laish-Farkash, Avishag, additional, Costa Vitali, Atilio, additional, Singh, Sheldon, additional, Tiong, Irving, additional, Ahmadzai, Fahema, additional, Khurana, Mamta, additional, Lakhanpal, Meena, additional, Lukomsky, Maria, additional, Shurrab, Mohammed, additional, Costi, Paolo, additional, Greiss, Isabelle, additional, Mansour, Fadi, additional, Raymond, Jean-Marc, additional, Bergeron, Martine, additional, Roby, Nancy, additional, Ahmad, Kamran, additional, Dorian, Paul, additional, Mangat, Iqwal, additional, Korley, Victoria, additional, Pinter, Arnold, additional, Aves, Theresa, additional, Mariano, Zana, additional, Estacio, Antonio, additional, Rinne, Claus, additional, Janzen, Irene, additional, Lowery, Donna, additional, Kenyon, Naomi, additional, Jonson, Kaler, additional, Toal, Satish, additional, Stevenson, Robert, additional, Searles, Gregory, additional, Douglas, Geoffrey, additional, Bessoudo, Ricardo, additional, Hassan, Ansar, additional, Collings, Elizabeth, additional, Braam, Corinne, additional, Fitzgerald, Fabia, additional, Kent, Donna, additional, Mychaluk, Luana, additional, Kavanagh, Katherine, additional, Exner, Derek, additional, Burgess, John, additional, Rothschild, John, additional, Kuriachan, Vikas, additional, Sumner, Glen Linnell, additional, Keller, Debbie, additional, Yuen, Brian, additional, Jackson-Carter, Leslie, additional, Dorey, Sandra, additional, Leiria, Tiago L.L., additional, Sant’Anna, Roberto Tofani, additional, de March Ronsoni, Rafail, additional, Pereira, M.A. Moraes, additional, Moraes, Antonieta, additional, and Rodrigues, Juliane, additional

Published
2016
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16. Rhythm and rate control of atrial fibrillation in the emergency department – A large community-based observational study

Author

Gilbert, Cameron J., Angaran, Paul, Mariano, Zana, Aves, Theresa, and Dorian, Paul

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia presentation to the emergency department (ED) and frequently results in admission to the hospital. Although rarely life-threatening and not usually an emergent condition, AF places a large burden on our health-care system. The objective of this study was to describe the practices of ED physicians in the management of AF in a large urban Canadian city.MethodsFrom January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010, patients with a primary diagnosis of AF were identified across 10 EDs in Toronto, Canada (N=2,609). Fifty patients were selected at random from each hospital for a detailed chart review (n=500).ResultsTwo hundred thirty-two patients (46%) received rate control, and 129 (26%) received rhythm control with the remainder (28%) receiving neither therapy. Sixty-seven percent of patients were discharged home. Most patients (79%) were symptomatic on arrival; however, only a minority of these (31%) received rhythm control. Factors that were associated with rhythm control included younger age, duration of palpitations ≤ 48 hours, a lower CHADS2 score, and the absence of left ventricular dysfunction.ConclusionOur data suggest a wide range of practice amongst ED physicians treating patients presenting to the ED with a primary diagnosis of AF. A randomized trial is needed to better understand the optimal management strategy in this patient population and setting.

Published
2018
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18. Antiretroviral resistance testing in HIV-positive people.

Author

Aves T, Tambe J, Siemieniuk RA, and Mbuagbaw L

Subjects
Antirheumatic Agents adverse effects, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Disease Progression, HIV Seropositivity mortality, HIV Seropositivity virology, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Viral, HIV Seropositivity drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compromises treatment effectiveness, often leading to virological failure and mortality. Antiretroviral drug resistance tests may be used at the time of initiation of therapy, or when treatment failure occurs, to inform the choice of ART regimen. Resistance tests (genotypic or phenotypic) are widely used in high-income countries, but not in resource-limited settings. This systematic review summarizes the relative merits of resistance testing in treatment-naive and treatment-exposed people living with HIV., Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral resistance testing (genotypic or phenotypic) in reducing mortality and morbidity in HIV-positive people., Search Methods: We attempted to identify all relevant studies, regardless of language or publication status, through searches of electronic databases and conference proceedings up to 26 January 2018. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in the Cochrane Library, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and ClinicalTrials.gov to 26 January 2018. We searched Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and the Web of Science for publications from 1996 to 26 January 2018., Selection Criteria: We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that compared resistance testing to no resistance testing in people with HIV irrespective of their exposure to ART.Primary outcomes of interest were mortality and virological failure. Secondary outcomes were change in mean CD4-T-lymphocyte count, clinical progression to AIDS, development of a second or new opportunistic infection, change in viral load, and quality of life., Data Collection and Analysis: Two review authors independently assessed each reference for prespecified inclusion criteria. Two review authors then independently extracted data from each included study using a standardized data extraction form. We analysed data on an intention-to-treat basis using a random-effects model. We performed subgroup analyses for the type of resistance test used (phenotypic or genotypic), use of expert advice to interpret resistance tests, and age (children and adolescents versus adults). We followed standard Cochrane methodological procedures., Main Results: Eleven RCTs (published between 1999 and 2006), which included 2531 participants, met our inclusion criteria. All of these trials exclusively enrolled patients who had previous exposure to ART. We found no observational studies. Length of follow-up time, study settings, and types of resistance testing varied greatly. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 150 weeks. All studies were conducted in Europe, USA, or South America. Seven studies used genotypic testing, two used phenotypic testing, and two used both phenotypic and genotypic testing. Only one study was funded by a manufacturer of resistance tests.Resistance testing made little or no difference in mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36 to 2.22; 5 trials, 1140 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and may have slightly reduced the number of people with virological failure (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.87; 10 trials, 1728 participants; low-certainty evidence); and probably made little or no difference in change in CD4 cell count (mean difference (MD) -1.00 cells/mm³, 95% CI -12.49 to 10.50; 7 trials, 1349 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) or progression to AIDS (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.29; 3 trials, 809 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Resistance testing made little or no difference in adverse events (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.55; 4 trials, 808 participants; low-certainty evidence) and probably reduced viral load (MD -0.23, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.11; 10 trials, 1837 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). No studies reported on development of new opportunistic infections or quality of life. We found no statistically significant heterogeneity for any outcomes, and the I² statistic value ranged from 0 to 25%. We found no subgroup effects for types of resistance testing (genotypic versus phenotypic), the addition of expert advice to interpretation of resistance tests, or age. Results for mortality were consistent when we compared studies at high or unclear risk of bias versus studies at low risk of bias., Authors' Conclusions: Resistance testing probably improved virological outcomes in people who have had virological failure in trials conducted 12 or more years ago. We found no evidence in treatment-naive people. Resistance testing did not demonstrate important patient benefits in terms of risk of death or progression to AIDS. The trials included very few participants from low- and middle-income countries.

Published
2018
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