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In dem vorliegenden Scoping-Review wurde der aktuelle Forschungsstand zur therapeutischen Behandlung der Antisozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung (ASPD) analysiert, um Forschungs- und Behandlungsimplikationen ableiten zu können. Eine systematische Literaturrecherche ergab insgesamt 19 geeignete Studien. Darunter zehn Wirksamkeitsstudien, vier Meta-Analysen, zwei Interviewstudien, eine qualitative Fallstudie, eine Experimental- sowie eine Korrelationsstudie. Die meisten dieser Studien waren kognitiv-behavioral ausgerichtet ist. Ferner zeigte sich auch, dass häufig Untersuchungen von kurzzeitigen, teils nicht ASPD-spezifischen Interventionen durchgeführt wurden. Ferner basiert der analysierte Forschungs-stand auf überwiegend männlichen Stichproben, die oftmals nur anteilig aus Patient:innen mit ASPD-Diagnose bestanden. Die analysierten Studien sind zudem vielfach durch eine zu geringe Stichprobengröße, einen hohen Dropout und den ausschließlichen Einsatz selbstaus-kunftsbasierter Instrumente in ihrer Aussagekraft limitiert. Ebenfalls erzielte nur ein geringer Teil der Arbeiten signifikante Ergebnisse. Die Arbeit endet mit einer Diskussion ihrer Er-gebnisse und einer Ableitung von Schlussfolgerungen für Therapie und Forschung., Florian Müller, Masterarbeit Universität Klagenfurt 2021, in englischer Sprache

Background and aims: Antisocial personality disorder is an enduring mental disorder associated with significant disease burden and treatment difficulties. This is apparent within forensic populations. There is growing evidence to suggest that treatment with oxytocin could have some benefit in treating a range of psychiatric disorders. There are no reviews studying the use of oxytocin for patients with ASPD. We aim to present the first literature review on the use of oxytocin in patients with ASPD. Method: We searched relevant databases for original research on effect of oxytocin upon persons with a diagnosis of ASPD or healthy participants with symptoms seen in ASPD. Studies were included if they included healthy participants that evaluated the effect of oxytocin on symptoms relevant to ASPD, including empathy, inhibitory control, compliance, conformity, aggression, violence, and moral responsibility. Results: Thirty-six studies were included. There were a range of study designs, including randomized controlled trials, double blinded, single blinded, and unblinded controlled trials. The sample sizes in studies ranged from 20 to 259 participants. Studies looked at participants with a diagnosis of ASPD and participants with symptoms relevant to ASPD, including empathy, inhibitory control, compliance, conformity, aggression, violence, and moral responsibility. Oxytocin was found to demonstrate diversified effects, in most cases being associated with socially positive or non-criminogenic behaviors. However, some studies found opposite, and non-desirable, effects, e.g., an increase in violent inclinations to partners. The two studies looking at participants with ASPD had a number of limitations and had conflicting results on the impact that OT has on aggression in ASPD. Conclusions: This is the first systematic literature review exploring the potential use of oxytocin in managing ASPD and the symptoms of ASPD. It is apparent that there is a body of evidence addressing related symptoms in healthy individuals. There were diversified effects with oxytocin showing some benefits in promoting positive effects on symptoms of ASPD, but there were also studies showing non-desirable effects. It is difficult to draw any direct inferences from healthy control studies. Further high quality large sample studies are required to explore the effects of oxytocin in those with ASPD.

Herein, we examined insulin resistance (IR), insulin sensitivity (IS), beta cell activity, and glucose metabolism in subjects with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and whether the serotonin 2B (5-HT2B) receptor and testosterone have a role in energy metabolism. A cohort of subjects belonging to a founder population that included 98 ASPD males, aged 25-30, was divided into groups based on the presence of a heterozygous 5-HT2B receptor loss-of-function gene mutation (HTR2B Q20*; n = 9) or not (n = 89). Serum glucose and insulin levels were measured in a 5 h oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) and indices describing IR, IS, and beta cell activity were calculated. Body mass index (BMI) was also determined. Concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were measured in cerebrospinal fluid, and testosterone levels from serum. An IR-like state comprising high IR, low IS, and high beta cell activity indices was observed among ASPD subjects without the HTR2B Q20* allele. By contrast, being an ASPD HTR2B Q20* carrier appeared to be preventive of these pathophysiologies. The HTR2B Q20* allele and testosterone predicted lower BMI independently, but an interaction between HTR2B Q20* and testosterone lead to increased insulin sensitivity among HTR2B Q20* carriers with low testosterone levels. The HTR2B Q20* allele also predicted reduced beta cell activity and enhanced glucose metabolism. Reduced 5-HT2B receptor function at low or normal testosterone levels may be protective of obesity. Results were observed among Finnish males having an antisocial personality disorder, which limits the generality. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

El trabajo desarrollado en esta tesis está enmarcado dentro del sistema de alineación LINK del experimento de física de partículas CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid), instalado en el LHC (Large Hadron Collider) del CERN (Laboratorio Europeo de Física de Partículas). El sistema LINK consiste en un conjunto de fuentes flotantes de luz láser que generan una serie de rayos de referencia que son interceptados por componentes opto-mecánicos y electrónicos de detección, configurados en lo que se denomina ‘monitor de posición multipunto’, situados sobre posiciones conocidas de elementos a monitorizar. Se ha investigado en el desarrollo y validación de un sistema de alineación compacto, incidiendo en la estabilidad dimensional y resistencia frente a impactos de las uniones adhesivas utilizadas, para su implementación en detectores de partículas de última generación como es CMS, que puede funcionar en altos campos magnéticos de hasta 4 T, soportar altas dosis de radiación, con gradientes de temperaturas, y que permita reconstruir de forma continua, la posición del TRACKER respecto a los sub-detectores de muones de CMS.

El trabajo desarrollado en esta tesis está enmarcado dentro del sistema de alineación LINK del experimento de física de partículas CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid), instalado en el LHC (Large Hadron Collider) del CERN (Laboratorio Europeo de Física de Partículas). El sistema LINK consiste en un conjunto de fuentes flotantes de luz láser que generan una serie de rayos de referencia que son interceptados por componentes opto-mecánicos y electrónicos de detección, configurados en lo que se denomina ‘monitor de posición multipunto’, situados sobre posiciones conocidas de elementos a monitorizar. Se ha investigado en el desarrollo y validación de un sistema de alineación compacto, incidiendo en la estabilidad dimensional y resistencia frente a impactos de las uniones adhesivas utilizadas, para su implementación en detectores de partículas de última generación como es CMS, que puede funcionar en altos campos magnéticos de hasta 4 T, soportar altas dosis de radiación, con gradientes de temperaturas, y que permita reconstruir de forma continua, la posición del TRACKER respecto a los sub-detectores de muones de CMS.

IntroductionPoor mentalizing has been described as a characteristic of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD), along with the well-established role of aggressiveness. In the current study, we tested this hypothesis focusing on a specific aspect of mentalization (i.e., mindfulness).MethodWe explored the unique and joint contribution of aggression dimensions and mindfulness facets to ASPD traits in an offender sample (N = 83).ResultsMindfulness deficits were associated with ASPD traits, and a significant unique association emerged between difficulties in acting with awareness and ASPD traits. Likewise, physical aggression confirmed its association with ASPD traits. Moderation analyses revealed that mindfulness interacted with aggression in predicting ASPD. Specifically, at low levels of mindfulness, the association between aggression and ASPD dropped to nonsignificance.ConclusionsResults suggest that fostering self-mentalizing is a relevant treatment target when treating offenders with ASPD.

P. Arce et al., A study of the photo-response behaviour of carbon-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon photo-detectors over 2800 h of continuous illumination with white light is presented. Both direct and inverse Staebler–Wronski effects are observed in the data.

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy involve significant interpersonal and behavioural impairments. However, little is known about their underlying neurobiology and in particular, abnormalities in white matter (WM) microstructure. Apreliminary diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) study of adult psychopaths employing tractography revealed abnormalities in the right uncinate fasciculus (UF) (Craig et al., 2009), indicating fronto-limbic disconnectivity. However, it is not clear whether WM abnormalities are restricted to this tract or are or more widespread, including other tracts which are involved in connectivity with the frontal lobe.We performed whole brain voxel-based analyses on WM fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps acquired with DT-MRI to compare 15 adults with ASPD and healthy age, handedness and IQ-matched controls. Also, within ASPD subjects we related differences in FA and MD to measures of psychopathy.Significant WM FA reduction and MD increases were found respectively in ASPD subjects relative to controls. FA was bilaterally reduced in the genu of corpus callosum while in the right frontal lobe FA reduction was found in the UF, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), anterior corona radiata and anterior limb and genu of the internal capsule. These differences negatively correlated with measures of psychopathy. Also in the right frontal lobe, increased MD was found in the IFOF and UF, and the corpus callosum and anterior corona radiata. There was a significant positive correlation between MD and psychopathy scores. Conclusions: The present study confirms a previous report of reduced FA in the UF. Additionally, we report for the first time, FA deficits in tracts involved in interhemispheric as well as frontal lobe connectivity in conjunction with MD increases in the frontal lobe. Hence, we provide evidence of significant WM microstructural abnormalities in frontal brain regions in ASPD and psychopathy. © 2011 Elsevier Srl. 48 2 216 229 Cited By :51; Export Date: 17 July 2017

3 páginas, 3 figuras.-- Letter to the Editor.-- et al., The photo-response behaviour of Amorphous Silicon Position Detectors(ASPDs)under prolonged illumination with a 681nm diode–laser and a 633 nm He–Ne laser is presented. Both direct and inverse Staebler–Wronski effects are observed.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur stor del av de män och kvinnor som döms till fängelse som har uppmärksamhetsstörning (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD). Den skall även besvara frågan om huruvida det finns skillnader mellan könen i prevalens, samt om det finns korrelation mellan ADHD och Antisocial personlighetsstörning (ASPD). Metoden som används är självskattningsformulär som är välbeprövade inom detta område, Wender-Utah rating Scale (WURS) och Mini Neuropsykiatrisk Intervju (M.I.N.I.). Formulären besvarades av 49 fängelsedömda män och kvinnor, vilka var inskrivna på kriminalvårdsanstalter i mellansverige. Resultatet av studien visar att en hög andel av den aktuella populationen har både ADHD och ASPD. Skillnaderna mellan könen är statistiskt inte signifikanta, men rent procentuellt ligger kvinnor högre i prevalens av ADHD än männen. Resultatet är dock svårtolkat då det var för få manliga deltagare, och bör därmed tolkas försiktigt., The aim of this study is to investigate how many of the men and women sentenced to prison that suffer from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It also aims to answer the question of however there is a difference between sexes according to prevalence, and the correlation between ADHD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). The method used is self-report questionnaires which are well tested for this purpose, Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I). The questionnaires were answered by 49 male and female prison inmates, who were residing in prisons in mid-Sweden. The results of the study show that a high number of the population suffers from both ADHD and ASPD. The differences in sexes were not statistically significant, but based on numbers the females are higher in prevalence than the males in ADHD. Since there were few males in this study, the results, however, need to be interpreted with caution.