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Abstract Background Regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) transport and translation in neurons is essential for dendritic plasticity and learning/memory development. The trafficking of mRNAs along the hippocampal neuron dendrites remains translationally silent until they are selectively transported into the spines upon glutamate-induced receptor activation. However, the molecular mechanism(s) behind the spine entry of dendritic mRNAs under metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-mediated neuroactivation and long-term depression (LTD) as well as the fate of these mRNAs inside the spines are still elusive. Method Different molecular and imaging techniques, e.g., immunoprecipitation (IP), RNA-IP, Immunofluorescence (IF)/fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), live cell imaging, live cell tracking of RNA using beacon, and mouse model study are used to elucidate a novel mechanism regulating dendritic spine transport of mRNAs in mammalian neurons. Results We demonstrate here that brief mGluR1 activation-mediated dephosphorylation of pFMRP (S499) results in the dissociation of FMRP from TDP-43 and handover of TDP-43/Rac1 mRNA complex from the dendritic transport track on microtubules to myosin V track on the spine actin filaments. Rac1 mRNA thus enters the spines for translational reactivation and increases the mature spine density. In contrast, during mGluR1-mediated neuronal LTD, FMRP (S499) remains phosphorylated and the TDP-43/Rac1 mRNA complex, being associated with kinesin 1-FMRP/cortactin/drebrin, enters the spines owing to Ca2+-dependent microtubule invasion into spines, but without translational reactivation. In a VPA-ASD mouse model, this regulation become anomalous. Conclusions This study, for the first time, highlights the importance of posttranslational modification of RBPs, such as the neurodevelopmental disease-related protein FMRP, as the molecular switch regulating the dendrite-to-spine transport of specific mRNAs under mGluR1-mediated neurotransmissions. The misregulation of this switch could contribute to the pathogenesis of FMRP-related neurodisorders including the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It also could indicate a molecular connection between ASD and neurodegenerative disease-related protein TDP-43 and opens up a new perspective of research to elucidate TDP-43 proteinopathy among patients with ASD.

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh jumlah pengangguran SMK yang tergolong tinggi, salah satu pencegahan dan pengurangannya adalah mempersiapkan siswa untuk berwirausaha. Mempersiapkan siswa yang siap untuk berwirausaha dilakukan melalui pembelajaran Projek Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar Projek Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan, mendeskripsikan kesiapan berwirausaha, dan menganalisis hubungan hasil belajar Projek Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan dengan kesiapan berwirausaha siswa di SMK Negeri 1 Kecamatan Luak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII SMK Negeri 1 Kecamatan Luak yang berjumlah 156 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Proportional Random Sampling, dan data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deksriptif dan korelasi. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa hasil belajar Projek Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan siswa kelas XII dalam kategori rendah dengan persentase 33%, kesiapan berwirausaha siswa dalam kategori sedang dengan persentase 39%. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan postif dan signifikan antara Hasil Belajar Projek Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan dengan Kesiapan Berwirausaha siswa kelas XII di SMK Negeri 1 Kecamatan Luak. Sehingga hasil belajar tersebut dan pembelajarannya dapat dijadikan acuan dalam meingkatkan kesiapan berwirausaha siswa.

The growth of the halal food industry has had a positive impact on the global economy. Unfortunately, halal food adulteration is a prevalent issue that has prompted researchers to develop new tools for halal food detection. This study aimed to examine the trends in halal food detection tools. To achieve this, we conducted a global trend analysis of halal food detection tools by reviewing their development, assessing research reference relationships, and identifying future research directions. This study utilised 170 articles published between 2006 and 2024 that focused on halal food detection tools. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods using bibliometric analysis. Biblioshiny and Vos Viewer software were used for data analysis. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has emerged as the most widely used halal food detection tool. Among these institutions, Universiti Putra Malaysia produced the largest number of publications. Malaysia and Indonesia conducted the most research and were frequently cited as references. Rohman was the author with the highest number of citations (277). The goal of this bibliometric analysis was to provide valuable scientific insights that will support future research in the field of halal food detection. Additional studies are strongly recommended to develop more effective tools for halal food detection.

Objectives Older people adults may feel incompetent due to impaired mental and physical function. It is very important to improve their satisfaction with life by increasing their spiritual health. The present study aims to determine the relationship between spiritual health and life satisfaction of the elderly in Iran and assess the mediating role of forgiveness. Methods & Materials This is a correlational study with a cross-sectional design using path analysis. The study population included older people in Zanjan, Iran, in 2022, of whom 301 were selected using a convenience sampling method. They completed the satisfaction with life scale, spiritual well-being scale, and forgiveness scale. SPSS software version 26 and LISREL software, version 10.2 were used to analyze data using path analysis. Results The mean age of the elderly was 68.84 years. According to the results of the research, spiritual health has a relationship directly and indirectly with the satisfaction of the lives of the elderly. The mediating role of passing was also confirmed. The results show the good fit of the study model. The results showed a direct and significant relationship between spiritual health and life satisfaction (β=0.23 and P

Abstract Background Premature neonates need adequate nutritional support to provide sufficient essential nutrients for optimal growth. Calcium (Ca) is one of the important nutrients in parental nutrition support of premature infants. This study aimed to compare the effect of continuous and intermittent bolus infusion of Ca on the incidence of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in preterm infants. Methods This randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted on ninety preterm infants in the NICU of Al-Zahra Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. The preterm infants were randomly allocated to either a continuous infusion group (received 4–5 ml/kg/day of Ca gluconate 10% by PN solution in a 24-h period) or an intermittent bolus administration group (received 1–2 ml/kg/day Ca gluconate 10% three to four times per day). Serial serum levels of Ca, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed on the 7th day, 30th day and 45th day of life. Results A total of 78 infants completed the study. The serum ALP level on the 45th day after birth was 753.28 ± 304.59 IU/L and 988.2 ± 341.3 IU/L in the continuous infusion and intermittent bolus administration groups, respectively (P

Fang Wen,1,* Shantong Jiang,1– 4,* Ping Yuan,1– 5,* Jinbo Liu,1– 4 Xiu Bai,1 Hongwei Zhao,1– 4,6,7 Xin Chen,1– 4,7 Yan-Bing Gong,5 Roland Asmar,8 Hongyu Wang1– 4,6,7 1Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Vascular Health Research Center of Peking University Health Science Center (VHRC-PKUHSC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Beijing Shijingshan District Key Clinical Specialty of Vascular Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Heart and Vascular Health Research Center of Peking University Clinical Research Institute (HVHRC-PUCRI), Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Scientific Research, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, (Peking University), Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 7Heart and Vascular Health Research Center of Chengdu Medical College (HVHRC-CMC), Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 8Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, Beirut, Lebanon*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hongyu Wang, Department of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, People’s Republic of China, Email dr.hongyuwang@foxmail.comAbstract: Cardiovascular disease(CVD) has become a major disease burden affecting people’s health in China. Blood vessels are very important for human health and are the “sentinel” for the development of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The key to effectively preventing fatal, disabling heart, brain and peripheral vascular events lies in controlling traditional and non-traditional risk factors for vascular health from the source, and early assessment and intervention of early vascular lesions. Since 2004, China government promoted the early detection technology of vascular lesions and vascular medicine, and proposed the Beijing Vascular Health Stratification (BVHS) to provide suggestions for the examination, evaluation and management of risk factors, and to provide new ideas for lifelong maintenance of vascular health. This review mainly introduces the establishment and development of the clinical discipline of “vascular medicine” in the past 20 years in China, introduces the indicators for detecting vascular function and structure and the predictive value of vascular events, and carries out intelligent and digital management of vascular health throughout the life cycle of individualized prevention, treatment and rehabilitation for people with different parts or degrees of lesions, effectively reducing the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the prospect of new technology in maintaining vascular health.Keywords: heart and vascular health, vascular medicine, early assessment, digital, Beijing vascular health stratification

Regulation Government No. 114 of 2021 concerning Agency College _ Law University Padang State (UNP), on November 25, 2021 already official changed status to college high PTN-BH so that UNP can increase quality education . Government give autonomy to on UNP for increase its income generating . Since status service general (BLU), UNP has start commercialize means and existing infrastructure _ for Public general while facility that no disturb activity academic like pool swimming , building meeting , hotel, laboratory even so through activity training (CaKep , Pekerti). Commercialization services at UNP are still using the conventional system . Weakness existing system _ now is no all UNP Income Generating recorded by system , party user often experience difficulty for place an order because not yet existence facility service one door good physique nor integrated system . _ Difficulty user for make an order that is experienced during this because number contact personal contact no can direct obtained . UNP can maximizing Income Generating and enhancement effectiveness service to user through take advantage of digital technology and already should has its own marketplace platform . Article this aim for give ideas and the idea of designing a market place for PTN_BH UNP.

Zoya Hakobyan,1 Parounak Zelveian,1 Jirar Topouchian,2 Lusine Hazarapetyan,1,3 Roland Asmar4 1Institute of Cardiology After Levon Hovhannisyan, Yerevan, Armenia; 2Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France; 3Yerevan State Medical University After Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia; 4Foundation-Medical Research Institutes (F-MRI), Geneva, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Roland Asmar, Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, Place St Gervais 1, Geneva, Switzerland, Tel +33640142239, Email ra@cmcv.orgBackground: Most of the scientific societies recommend assessing the accuracy of electronic devices for blood pressure (BP) measurements using established validation protocol.Objective: To determine the accuracy of the BP measurements using the Withings BPM Core device in the general population according to the “Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018/AMD 1:2020)”.Methods: The Withings BPM Core is an oscillometric device measuring BP at the brachial level. The study was performed according to the “Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018/AMD 1:2020) protocol” using the same-arm sequential BP measurement method. Subjects (n ≥ 85) fulfilling the age, gender, BP, and cuff distribution criteria of the protocol were included. Analysis was performed as required by the Universal protocol using Criterion 1 – differences between observers’ mercury sphygmomanometer reference measurements and test device BP values (test versus reference) and their standard deviation (SD); and Criterion 2 – The SD of the mean BP differences between the test device and reference BP per subject.Results: Eighty-six subjects were selected, 85 of whom were included. The mean BP differences between the simultaneous two observers’ measurements were − 0.2 ± 2.1 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and 0.3 ± 2.1 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP). For validation criterion 1, the mean difference ± SD between the reference and device BP values was − 0.6 ± 4.8 mmHg for SBP and 0.1 ± 3.7 mmHg for DBP (≤ 5 ± 8 mmHg for both SBP and DBP). For criterion 2, the SD of the mean BP differences between the test device and reference BP per subject was 3.2/2.6 mmHg for SBP and DBP (≤ 6.91/6.95 mmHg).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Withings BPM Core oscillometric device for home BP measurement fulfilled the accuracy requirements of the (ISO 81060-2:2018/AMD 1:2020) Universal protocol in the general population.Keywords: blood pressure measurements, accuracy, validation, home blood pressure, oscillometric, Withings

Gejala kuning keriting pada daun cabai umumnya disebabkan oleh infeksi Begomovirus. Daun tanaman terinfeksi tidak hanya mengalami perubahan warna sebagai indikator rusaknya klorofil tetapi juga mengalami perubahan morfologi bentuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguantifikasi gejala infeksi Begomovirus berdasarkan perubahan morfologi bentuk daun menggunakan pengolahan citra digital dan algoritma data mining yang akan memudahkan dalam pemantauan dan analisis perkembangan penyakit tanaman. Total 33 citra daun cabai rawit bergejala kuning keriting maupun tidak bergejala menjadi dataset penelitian ini. Citra daun cabai tersebut diolah dan diekstrak karakteristik bentuknya berupa circularity, aspect ratio, roundness, dan solidity menggunakan aplikasi Fiji-ImageJ. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji beda (uji-t), pengelompokan citra menggunakan algoritma Simple K-Means, dan evaluasi ketepatan hasil pengelompokan berdasarkan indeks ARI dan NMI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum ada perbedaan bentuk yang nyata antara daun bergejala dengan daun tidak bergejala. Daun cabai rawit bergejala kuning keriting memiliki rata-rata nilai aspect ratio dan solidity yang lebih kecil dibandingkan daun cabai tidak bergejala, sebaliknya memiliki rata-rata nilai circularity dan roundness yang lebih besar dibandingkan daun cabai tidak bergejala. Evaluasi ketepatan pengelompokan sampel daun cabai rawit bergejala maupun tidak bergejala berdasarkan indeks ARI dan NMI menghasilkan nilai terbaik untuk pengelompokkan ke dalam dua kelompok.

Perkembangan teknologi memberikan dampak yang besar terhadap perkembangan dunia bisnis. Persaingan dalam dunia bisnis sangat ketat sehingga perlu melihat potensi transaksi penjualan produk dan memiliki strategi penjualan produk yang tepat. HNI Business Center 2 merupakan salah satu toko yang menjual produk herbal. Dengan banyaknya permintaan obat herbal pada saat covid-19 maka diperlukan stok obat guna meningkatkan penjualan produk. Maka diperkulan suatu anlisis untuk membantu pimpinan HNI Business Center 2 mengetahu produk yang harus ditingkatkan stoknya sesuai dengan data transaksi pelanggan. Maka dari permasalahan tersebut konsep yang bisa terapkan adalah data mining. Data yang di analisis nantinya menggunakan data mining adalah sejumlah 50 transaksi penjualan. Dengan menggunakan Minimum Support = 50% dan Maximum Support = 50%. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh HNI Businss Center 2 untuk mengambil keputusan menyetok kesediaan poroduk herbal.

Infeksi virus dapat menyebabkan gejala yang bervariasi pada tanaman. Penilaian tingkat keparahan gejala virus tanaman di lapangan umumnya menggunakan metode konvensional berbasis pengamatan visual. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi digital saat ini, telah dikembangkan pula metode penilaian terkini berbasis analisis citra digital. Namun informasi terkait kepresisian dan keakurasian kedua metode penilaian tersebut masih sangat terbatas khususnya penilaian keparahan gejala yang disebabkan oleh virus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hasil penilaian keparahan penyakit berdasarkan metode konvensional dan analisis citra digital berbasis NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) serta membandingkan akurasi kedua metode penilaian tersebut dalam mengestimasi variabel produksi tanaman. Survei lapangan dilakukan dengan melakukan perekaman citra dan pengamatan secara visual terhadap gejala serangan virus pada tajuk tanaman cabai. Dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran bobot buah sampel tanaman, dan analisis citra digital tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian keparahan gejala virus menggunakan metode analisis citra digital berbasis indeks vegetasi NDVI lebih presisi (standar deviasi < 0,04) dibandingkan metode pengamatan visual (standar deviasi > 4,00), khususnya pada fase generatif. Selain itu, metode indeks vegetasi NDVI juga lebih akurat dalam mengestimasi bobot buah cabai karena koefisien regresi bertanda positif dengan nilai R2 > 0,90.

Virus infection in chili plants may cause various symptoms. The complexity of the symptoms and human vision ability often become limiting factors during disease investigations. Digital image analysis is expected to become a method to assist in comprehensively describing the symptoms of plant viruses. A disease survey was conducted on cayenne pepper fields in Southeast Sulawesi Province to observe symptoms of virus infection virtually and to record the symptomatic plant using an RGB camera. The split-channel method is used to process images, followed by multidimensional scaling statistical analysis. Later on, viruses associated with plants were detected serologically. Single or mixed infection of Tobacco mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Chili veinal mottle virus, and Pepper mottle virus was confirmed by plant leaves showing yellow-mosaic and mottle symptoms. The digital image analysis method could show variations in the characteristics of symptoms based on digital numbers in that cannot be recognized based on the observation of visual symptoms. A new approach to study the interactions between plant infecting viruses and their effects based on image analysis has also been developed during this research. This method needs to be further validated through testing under controlled conditions, such as inoculating plants with a predetermined type of virus.

Background and objective: Low early neonatal death reflects health care progress in any country. We aimed to determine the prevalence of early neonatal deaths and the associated maternal and neonatal factors in a hospital-based study. Methods: This audit study was conducted on all newborns in the labor ward and neonatal intensive care unit of a maternity teaching hospital in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Fetal and maternal factors were determined and correlated with early neonatal deaths. Results: The early neonatal death rate was 6.7%. All categories of preterm deliveries (extreme, very, and moderate preterm) were significantly associated with early neonatal deaths (odds ratios [ORs] = 45.1, 6.2, and 2.1, respectively). The primiparous and grand multiparous women had a higher risk of early neonatal deaths (ORs = 8.4 and 13.0, respectively). Obese women had a higher risk of early neonatal deaths (OR = 3.3). The risk of early neonatal deaths was significantly high when the number of antenatal care visits was less than four (OR = 8.1). Delivery by cesarean section was associated with high risk (OR = 3.8). Regarding the Apgar scores in the first and fifth minutes after birth, early neonatal death was significantly higher among those with severely depressed scores. Conclusion: High parity, inadequate antenatal attendance, obesity, and mode of delivery, were contributing factors to early neonatal deaths. Early prenatal care can assist in the rapid identification and management of risk factors for early neonatal deaths.

This research aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurship education and family environment on engineering students' entrepreneurial intentions within higher education. This examination method used was associative causal research. The research methodology is based on statistics using multiple regression analysis. This research was conducted on undergraduate students (S1) in the 2020 entry year at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, which consists of 10 different undergraduate study programs. The total population for this research was 654 students. The total sample of this research was 200 students using the purposive sampling technique with the Slovin formula. This study's conclusions revealed that entrepreneurship education and family environment have a practical and remarkable impact on engineering students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Partially, the variables of entrepreneurship education and family environment have a positive and significant impact on engineering students’ entrepreneurial intentions. In conclusion, the results of the hypothesis testing show that entrepreneurship education and family environments have a significant positive effect on engineering students’ entrepreneurial intentions.

Parounak Zelveian,1 Jirar Topouchian,2 Zoya Hakobyan,1 Jennifer Asmar,3 Heghine Gharibyan,1 Roland Asmar4 1Preventive Cardiology Dept, Institute of Cardiology Named After Levon Hovhannisyan, Yerevan, Armenia; 2Diagnosis & Therapeutic Center, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France; 3Gynecology-Obstetric Dept, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France; 4Foundation-Medical Research Institutes (F-MRI)®, Geneva, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Roland Asmar, Foundation-Medical Research Institutes (F-MRI) ®, Place St Gervais 1, Geneva, Switzerland, Tel +33640142239, Email ra@cmcv.orgBackground: Electronic devices for blood pressure (BP) measurements require independent clinical validation as recommended by various authorities/societies, both in general and special populations such as pregnancy.Objective: To assess the accuracy of the Withings BPM Connect device in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia according to the Universal Standard Validation Protocol.Methods: The Withings BPM Connect device measures BP at the brachial level using the oscillometric method. The study was performed according to the so-called “modified AAMI/ESH/ISO (ISO 81060-2:2018) protocol” or the “Universal Standard Protocol”. The validation study included 45 pregnant women in the second and third gestational trimester: 15 with pre-eclampsia, 15 with gestational hypertension and 15 normotensives. Differences between mercury sphygmomanometer BP measurements (reference) and device BP values (test) and their standard deviation (SD) were calculated.Results: The mean differences between the mercury standard and device BP values in pregnancy (n = 45) were − 0.5 ± 5.7 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and − 0.8 ± 3.8 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP). In the preeclamptic patients (n = 15), the mean differences were 0.14 ± 5.5 mmHg for SBP and 0.39 ± 3.7 mmHg for DBP. These results fulfilled the protocol requirements (< 5 ± 8 mmHg).Conclusion: The Withings BPM Connect fulfills the validation protocol criteria in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Consequently, this device can be recommended for home BP measurements in this specific pregnancy population.Keywords: blood pressure measurements, accuracy, validation, pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, home blood pressure, Withings

This study aimed to identify prevalent pathogens of a caused moldy core of postharvest apple fruits and the efficiency of essential oils (EO) of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), sage (Salvia officinalis), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Trichoderma harzianum filtrate to inhibit pathogens growth of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium griseofulvum. The examined pathogens are recognized dependent on morphological and also molecular identification. In vivo, clove EO and T. harzianum filtrate were strongly restricted decay area on fruits with 82.36% and 81.69%, respectively when applied as direct inhibition. Growth of all examined pathogens was entirely stopped on fruits treated with both clove and thyme oils at 10%. The results also illustrated that T. harzianum filtrate and EOs exhibited considerable growth inhibition of B. cinerea and ranged between 86.53% and 100%. The lowest inhibitory potential of EOs 47.95% and 75.9% were observed with P. griseofulvum. T. harzianum filtrate was the most effective biocontrol that inhibited fruit decay by 64.5% followed by 45.9%, 38.6%, 37.5%, and 35.9% when utilized EOs of thyme, sage, eucalyptus, and clove, respectively. The growth of both pathogens A. alternata and B. cinerea depressed with up to 90% using T. harzianum filtrate followed by EOs of eucalyptus and thyme. Whereas fruits inoculated with P. griseofulvum were not frustrated when applied to each EOs or T. harzianum. Their systemic induction was restricted between 3.16% and 23.82%.

Objective: To compare the effects of Mulligan traction straight leg raise and passive straight leg raise in patientsVwith lumbar radiculopathy. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from 2 February 2017 to 30 June2017 at NationalVInstitute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Islamabad. Materials and Methods: A total of 38 patients of either gender with age range of 40 to 60 years with low back pain and lumbar radiculopathy were recruited in the study and they were randomly allocated in to two groups through lottery method, Traction straight leg raise, and Passive straight leg raise group. Patients with spinal surgeries and fractures were excluded from the study. Conventional physiotherapy treatments including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, hot pack, stretching and strengthening exercises were given to all patients. Traction Straight leg raise Technique was performed on patients of experimental group and Passive Straight leg raise was performed on control group. Patients were assessed on baseline and after 4 weeks through Numeric pain rating scale, Oswestry disability index, and goniometer. Treatment duration was of 4 weeks with 2 sessions per week. Results: Mean age of all patients was 53.60 ± 3.82. Experimental group showed much reduction in pain with pre median =6(1) and post median=2(1) as compared to control group pain with pre median= 6(1) and post median=4(1) on pain scale. Traction Straight leg raise also showed significant improvement in Range of motion with pre median=50(10) and post median=70(10) of experimental group as compared to SLR of control group with pre median= 50(15) and post median= 60(10). Statistically both groups showed improvement, but experimental group improvement was more significant. Conclusion: Traction straight leg raise is more effective than Passive straight leg raises in decreasing pain and improving range of motion in patients with lumbar radiculopathy.

Jirar Topouchian,1 Parounak Zelveian,2 Zoya Hakobyan,2 Heghine Gharibyan,2 Roland Asmar3 1Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France; 2Preventive Cardiology Dept, Institute of Cardiology Named After Levon Hovhannisyan, Yerevan, Armenia; 3Foundation-Medical Research Institutes (F-MRI)®, Geneva, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Roland Asmar, Foundation-Medical Research Institutes ®, Place St Gervais 1, Geneva, Switzerland, Tel +33640142239, Email ra@cmcv.orgBackground: As recommended by various authorities and scientific societies, electronic devices for blood pressure (BP) measurements must undergo independent clinical validations for accuracy assessment.Objective: To assess the accuracy of the Withings BPM Connect device in the general population according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization “AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060– 2:2018)”.Methods: The Withings BPM Connect device measures BP at the brachial level using the oscillometric method. According to this protocol using the same-arm sequential BP measurement method, subjects (n ≥ 85) fulfilling the age, gender, BP and cuff distribution criteria must be included. Two criteria are used for the analysis: Criterion 1: differences between observers’ mercury sphygmomanometer reference measurements and test device BP values (test versus reference) and their standard deviation (SD) must be ≤ 5 ± 8 mmHg for both systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Criterion 2: the SD of the mean BP differences between the test device and reference BP per subject must be ≤ 6.91/6.62 mmHg for SBP/DBP.Results: Ninety-two subjects were selected, 85 of whom were included. For validation criterion 1, the mean difference ± SD between the reference and device BP values was 0.6 ± 5.3 mmHg for SBP and 2.1 ± 4.3 mmHg for DBP. For criterion 2, the SD of the mean BP differences between the test device and reference BP per subject was 4.2/3.6 mmHg (SBP/DBP). These results fulfilled the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060– 2:2018) protocol requirements.Conclusion: The Withings BPM Connect oscillometric device for home BP measurement fulfilled all of the accuracy requirements of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060– 2:2018) in general population and consequently can be recommended for home BP measurements.Keywords: blood pressure measurements, accuracy, validation, home blood pressure, oscillometric, Withings

Nebojsa Tasi&cacute;,1 Jirar Topouchian,2 Danijela Tasic,1 Zorana Kovacevic,1 Marko Filipovic,1 Roland Asmar3 1Cardiology & Clinical Research Department, Cardiovascular Institute « Dedinje », Belgrade, Serbia; 2Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France; 3Foundation-Medical Research Institutes (F-MRI) ®, Geneva, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Roland Asmar, Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, Place St Gervais 1, Geneva, Switzerland, Tel +33640142239, Email ra@cmcv.orgBackground: Electronic devices for blood pressure (BP) measurements must undergo independent clinical validation as recommended by various authorities and scientific societies.Objective: To assess the accuracy of the Combei BP118A device in the general population according to the Universal Standard Validation Protocol.Methods: The new-developed Combei BP118A device measures BP at the brachial level using the oscillometric method. The study was performed according to the “AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060– 2:2018) protocol”. Subjects (n = 88) were recruited to fulfill the age, gender, BP and cuff distribution criteria according to the protocol requirements using the same arm sequential BP measurement method. Differences between observers’ mercury sphygmomanometer reference measurements and device BP values (test versus reference) and their standard deviation (SD) were calculated.Results: Ninety-one subjects were selected, 88 of whom were included. The mean BP differences between the simultaneous observers’ reference measurements were − 0.2 ± 1.7 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and − 0.2 ± 1.7 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP). For validation criterion 1, the mean difference ± SD between the reference and device BP values were 3.6 ± 5.5 mmHg for SBP and 1.4 ± 4.5 mmHg for DBP. For criterion 2, the SD of the mean BP differences between the test device and reference BP per subject was 5/4.1 mmHg for SBP/DBP (≤ 5.9/6.8). These results fulfilled the protocol requirements.Conclusion: The Combei BP118A oscillometric device for home BP measurement fulfilled all of the requirements of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060– 2:2018) in general population and consequently can be recommended for home BP measurements.Keywords: blood pressure measurement, accuracy, validation, home blood pressure, oscillometric, Combei

Objective: To determine knowledge, attitudes and practices of Physical therapist towards Evidence Based Practice and to identify the barriers faced by them regarding their practice Study Design: A Cross Sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study: Physical therapists of Rawalpindi and Islamabad working in different clinical setups from 1st December 2020 to 20th May 202. Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional survey was conducted and 205 Physical therapists were randomly recruited from Rawalpindi and Islamabad working in different hospitals to respond to a self-administered questionnaire. First part of the questionnaire was about demographics and the second part highlighted the Knowledge, attitude and clinical practice among physical therapists. Results: The study results showed that majority of Physical therapists had a clinicalexperience of less than 10 years and only 19% had more than 10 years' experience. 47.3% Physical therapists had a clear understanding of Evidence based practice. They had a positive attitude towards its implementation; they are interested in enhancing their skills. 45% of them consider that evidence based clinical practice helps in decision making regarding patient care. Conclusion: Physical therapists have sufficient knowledge and a suitable attitude towards the use of Evidence based practice but only a few of them incorporate it in their practice. Insufficient time for implementation of evidence-based practice is the most prevalent barrier.

Cabbage large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae is one of the important insect pests of plant family Brassicacea which causes remarkable quantitative or qualitative crop losses. Keeping in view the problems caused by conventional chemical insecticides, need is being felt for insecticides with more efficient and low-risk ones as well as biodegradable compounds. Nowadays, utilization of botanical plant compounds as bioenhancer and bioinsecticide are becoming increasingly important, due to their acceptable efficiency and relative safety to human and environment. To this end, we investigated the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides alone and in combination with Alhagi maurorum extract and cabbage seed oil against P. brassicae under laboratory conditions. Probit analysis revealed chlorantraniliprole as the most effective insecticide against egg, first, second and third instar larvae with LC50 values of 11, 4, 15 and 16 mg/l, respectively. Methanolic extract of A. maurorum when combined with chlorantraniliprole and lambdacyhalothrin possessed additive and synergistic effect, respectively. In bioassays, the addition of feeding stimulant improved the efficacy of the insecticides. The concentrations of chlorantraniliprole and lambdacyhalothrin required for 50 % mortality of all tested larval stages were reduced when the feeding stimulant was added in concentrations of 1 and 5 %. This information will guide future study and could be used as an effective tool for P. brassicae management strategies.

From the end of the year 2008 to 2021, Israel committed four wars in the Gaza Strip. These wars were known as Operation Cast Lead in 2009, Operation Pillar of Cloud in 2012, Operation Protective Edge in 2014, and Operation Guardian of the Walls in 2021. The destructive impacts on vital facilities in Gaza, including schools, universities, mosques, hospitals, and United Nations Relief centers, as well as the killings of thousands of innocent civilians by Israeli forces, are visible evidence of a serious violation of the principle of distinction, a basic principle provided under the international humanitarian law conferring protection upon the civilians during armed conflicts. The accession of Palestine to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on crimes. This paper aims to analyze the position of individual criminal responsibility committed during the above-mentioned wars, regulated under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and other relevant international conventions. In analyzing the data from primary and secondary sources, this paper applied doctrinal legal research and qualitative approaches. This paper concludes that the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court associated the individual criminal responsibility for war crimes by systematically determining the extent of participation, namely: (1) commission; (2) ordering/instigating; (3) assistance; and (4) contribution to a war crime as a group crime. Thus, Israeli military leaders ought to be held liable for the commission of war crimes in accordance with Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The pretexts of the Israeli occupation to be exempt from criminal responsibility should be rejected according to the state of legitimate defense.

One effect of viral infection on plant physiology is increased stomata closure so that the transpiration rate is low, which in turn causes an increase in leaf temperature. Changes in plant leaf temperature can be measured by thermography using high-resolution thermal cameras. The results can be used as an indicator of virus infection, even before the appearance of visible symptoms. However, the higher the sensor resolution of the thermal camera, the more expensive it is, which is an obstacle in developing the method more widely. This article describes the potential of thermography in detecting Tobacco mosaic virus infection in chili-pepper plants using a low-cost camera. A FLIR C2 camera was used to record images of plants in two treatment groups, non-inoculated (V0) and virus-inoculated plants (V1). Significantly, V1 had a lower temperature at 8 and 12 days after inoculation (dai) than those of V0, but their temperature was higher than V0 before symptoms were visible, i.e., at 17 dai. Thermography using low-cost thermal cameras has potency to detect early viral infection at 8 dai with accuracy levels (AUC) of 80.0% and 86.5% based on k-Nearest Neighbors and Naïve Bayes classifiers, respectively.

Transparency is significant in highly migratory fisheries. The reliability of the catch data is essential for decisions of internationally agreed targets. Nevertheless, the data accuracy will much depend on each state's performance. Focusing on unreported catches of migratory fish, this study highlights the Thunnus Macoyyi (Southern Bluefin Tuna) fishing in Indonesia, as this fish species had experienced for being the limelight of unreported fishing allegations. The main objective is to reveal what are the difficulties that Indonesia is facing on its responsibility to maintain the accuracy of the catch record. Accordingly, the study examines two points by applying the pure legal method and doctrinal approach. Firstly, the international legal framework towards unreported fishing by analysing three main instruments such as the UNCLOS 1982, the UNFSA 1995, and the CCSBT policies. Secondly, it examines Indonesia law enforcement as a State party of regional fisheries organisation. It argues that the international authority could not be completely extended to a State's domestic fishing area. Thus, it gives more discretion to the national law to enforce compliance. Lesson learned from the case study of Indonesia's southern bluefin tuna contributes to unreported fishing literature and allows us to expose the legal gap remained in managing highly migratory fish stocks.

kata Entreprenuership dan Entrepreneur terkadang masih ada yang mengganggap kedua kata tersebut memiliki definisi yang sama. Adapun kata entrepreneur berasal dari bahasa Perancis "entre" dan “prendre” . Sebutan entrepreneur digunakan pertama kali pada abad 18 untuk seseorang yang berperan sebagai «perantara» antara beberapa pihak dalam proses transaksi perdagangan.Metode penelitinan ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi pustaka. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi pustaka. metode studi kepustakaan merupakan sebuah metode yang merujuk dan mensitasi referensi ilmiah yang terkait dengan UMKM di sumatera Barat. Unsur-unsur entrepreneurship merupakan The entrepreneur,Inovation,Organization creation,Creating value,Profit dan non profit, Growth, Uniqueness.Process. karakteristik entrepreneurship yaitu Risk taking, Innovatives, Locus of Control, Need for Achievement, Self Efficacy Tolerance of Ambiguity. Entrepreneurship pendidikan ada beberapa metode yaitu Termasuk mata kuliah kewirausahaan, Mencantumkan jiwa entrepreneurship dalam setiap mata pelajaran, Mengurutkan dan memilih informasi (teori) yang paling relevan dengan tujuan masing-masing mata pelajaran sambil, sejauh mungkin, memberikan bobot pada penerapannya sesuai dengan penerapan contoh nyata di daerah setempat. Ini juga perlu untuk beralih dari instruksi kelas yang membosankan ke kerja lapangan yang menarik. Dengan berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler atau pertumbuhan pribadi.

This research was conducted because the students' self-efficacy in entrepreneurship is still low. Production-based entrepreneurship training model, learning readiness is assumed to be a factor that affects student entrepreneurship self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of the production-based entrepreneurship training model, learning readiness, and locus of control to student entrepreneurship self-efficacy. This study uses quantitative methods with multiple regression. The population is all students who take the general course of entrepreneurship in Higher Education as many as 500 people, and a sample of 200 students who are selected using proportional stratified random sampling. The questionnaire stands as an effective data collection method to examine the variables to be measured and the answers expected by the respondents. The questionnaire applied the Likert scale by providing opportunities to answer each item. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The research findings show that there is a joint contribution of the production-based entrepreneurship training model, learning readiness, and locus of control to the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of students

Indonesia committed to conserving the tuna resources by participating in some RFMOs. From all regional organizations where Indonesia has been joined, the CCSBT is the unique one, due to it governs a single tuna species, which is called Southern Bluefin Tuna. This kind of tuna is essential for Indonesia because it is the world’s most expensive tuna and SBT migrates through Indonesian fisheries management zones and goes even further within the territorial waters, where the SBT spawning area is located. This natural characteristic distinguishes Indonesia from other Parties to CCSBT. Nevertheless, the Country has been dealing with its obligation to comply with national quota allocation. For some fishing season periods, the CCSBT indicated Indonesia as a non-compliant. By applying the qualitative approach, this study considers how Indonesia’s non-compliance has been addressed in fishing for shared fish stocks. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and legal analysis of law and policy instruments. This method leads the elaboration to reveal domestic factors affecting non-compliance by Indonesia. This study argues, the fisheries legislation should consider the provision concerning fishing for resources under quota system, hence, it will provide sufficient legal base to take enforcement measures towards non-compliance with fishing quota.

Social work is a unique relief profession as unique as individuals, groups and societies. Social relations as the main media in performing the art of social work practice. The art of social work practice is an expression of intuition results that creates creativity in dealing with social problems. In this century, it is necessary to show a brand new model of social work practice along with the emergence of contemporary social problems. So that in the Indonesian context, a unique character and characteristic are needed. This journal is a literature review from various sources that aims to present the new concept of the art of social work practice in Indonesia. So far, the science of social work has not been sufficient in dealing with social problems. Here is the urgency and connection between science and the art of social work practice. Thus, the relationship between the two cannot be separated. Because, basically, within the practice of social work lies an art.

BackgroundData on SARS-CoV-2 in infants ≤ 90 days are limited with conflicting reports regarding its presentation and outcomes.MethodsWe conducted an ambispective cohort study using prospectively collected Health Electronic Surveillance Network Database by the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. Infants of ≤ 90 days of age who had a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 virus were included. Patients were divided in Early neonatal (0–6 days), late neonatal (7–27 days), and post- neonatal (28–90 days) groups and were compared for clinical characteristics and outcomes by contacting parents and collecting information retrospectively.ResultsOf 1,793 infants, 898 infants were included for analysis. Most infants in the early neonatal group had no features of infection (tested based on maternal positivity), whereas most infants in the late and post- neonatal groups were tested because of clinical features of infection. Fever and respiratory signs were the most common presenting feature in the late and post-neonatal groups. Hospitalization was higher in the early neonatal group (80%), compared to the two other groups. The overall mortality in the cohort was 1.6%.ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 infection in infants ≤ 90 days might not be as rare as previously reported. The clinical presentation varies based on age at positive RT-PCR result.

One of the performances of the electric power system can be seen from the quality of electrical energy. In this study, the measurement of the quality of electrical energy was carried out using a power quality meter to obtain the values of current, voltage, frequency, total current harmonic distortion and total voltage harmonic distortion in the building of the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Bangka Belitung. From measurements on the 3 existing buildings, it was found that the measured voltage value range was still at + 5% to - 10% of the 220 Volt secondary distribution voltage value and the frequency value was still in the range of 49.5 Hz to 50.5 Hz. The total value of voltage harmonic distortion is still below the required value, but the total value of current harmonic distortion is above the required value.

In the present work the space $L_{p;r} $ which is continuously embedded into $L_{p} $ is introduced. The corresponding Hardy spaces of analytic functions are defined as well. Some properties of the functions from these spaces are studied. The analogs of some results in the classical theory of Hardy spaces are proved for the new spaces. It is shown that the Cauchy singular integral operator is bounded in $L_{p;r} $. The problem of basisness of the system $left{Aleft(tright)e^{{mathop{rm int}} }; Bleft(tright)e^{-{mathop{rm int}} } right}_{nin Z_{+} }, $ is also considered. It is shown that under an additional condition this system forms a basis in $L_{p;r} $ if and only if the Riemann-Hilbert problem has a unique solution in corresponding Hardy class ${ H}_{p;r}^{+} times { H}_{p;r}^{+} $.

Jirar Topouchian,1 Zoya Hakobyan,2 Jennifer Asmar,3 Svetlana Gurgenian,4 Parounak Zelveian,2 Roland Asmar5 1Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France; 2Department of Preventive Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Yerevan, Armenia; 3Department of Gynecology-Obstetric, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France; 4Department of Arterial Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Yerevan, Armenia; 5Foundation-Medical Research Institutes (F-MRI)®, Geneva, Switzerland Background: Electronic devices for blood pressure (BP) measurements need to go through independent clinical validation as recommended by different authorities, both in general and in special populations such as pregnancy. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the Omron Evolv® (HEM-7600T-E) and the Omron M3 Comfort® (HEM-7134-E) devices in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia according to the Universal Standard Validation Protocol. Methods: Both devices, the Evolv and the M3 Comfort, measure BP at the brachial level using the oscillometric method. The study was performed according to the recently published protocol, the so-called “modified Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI)/British Hypertension Society (BHS)/European Society of Hypertension (ESH) protocol” or the “Universal Standard Protocol.” Validation of each device included 45 pregnant women in the second and third gestational trimester of whom 15 had pre-eclampsia, 15 had gestational hypertension and 15 were normotensives. BP differences between the observer and the device BP values were classified into three categories (≤5, ≤10, and ≤15 mmHg) and the mean BP differences (test vs reference) and its SD were calculated. Results: Both devices, the Evolv and the M3 Comfort, achieved a grade A/A in both pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. The mean difference (SD) between the mercury standard and the device BP values in pregnancy were: 1) for the Evolv of –0.7±2.3 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and –0.1±1.8 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP); 2) for the M3 Comfort of –1.6±2.8 mmHg for SBP and –0.1±2.3 mmHg for DBP. Conclusion: Both devices, the Evolv and the M3 Comfort, achieved a grade A/A for both SBP and DBP and fulfill the validation protocol criteria in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Consequently, these two devices can be recommended for home BP measurements in this specific population. Keywords: blood pressure, blood pressure measurements, validation, pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, home blood pressure, self-BP measurement

Single Image-NDVI Method for Early Detection of Mosaic Symptoms in Capsicum annuum Mosaics are a symptom of a disease often found in red chilies (Capsicum annuum) and is generally caused by viral infections such as the Tobacco mosaic virus. Severe infection can cause stunting and significant yield loss. Serological and molecular detection is a common detection method for plant viruses although they are time-consuming, relatively inefficient for large samples, and are destructive to plants. On the other hand, direct symptoms observation is hampered by human visual abilities and latent symptoms in virus infection. Therefore, detection method based on the plant’s ability to absorb and reflect various spectrums of sunlight, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), has the potential to be developed. This study aims to evaluate the potential of a single image-NDVI as an NDVI variant for the early detection of mosaic symptoms in red chilies. The main activity involved image recording of chili plants that were not inoculated (V0) and inoculated (V1) by the virus, and given minimal nutrients (M) using an unmodified RGB camera and lens filter to capture blue and Near-Infrared light reflection. Furthermore, image processing is carried out using the Photo Monitoring plugin on the Fiji-ImageJ application. The recording was done one day after inoculation (dai) until the symptoms were visible. The results showed that there was an increasing trend in the integrated NDVI value in all treatments. Howewer, the increasing trend in V1 was not significant compared to V0 and M. The difference in the mean value of integrated NDVI between V1 was very significant compared to V0 (at 5 dai) and M (at 1 dai). This method’s level of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy ranges from 80–90% at 5 dai.