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Background Headaches are frequent neurological disorders that are yet to be unveiled and treated comprehensively worldwide. Bearing in mind that the distribution of headache subtypes in neurology clinics (NC) is essential for planning appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the primary goals of this multi-centric study are to carry out inter-regional comparisons by using current diagnostic criteria with evaluations of neurologists to delineate headache burden. Methods A cross-sectional study between April 1 and May 16, 2022 was conducted with the participation of 13 countries from the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. Patients were included in the study on a specific day each week during five consecutive weeks. All volunteers over the age of 18 and whose primary cause for admission was headache were examined. The patients admitted to NC or referred from emergency services/other services were evaluated by neurologists by means of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) criteria. Results Among the 13,794 patients encountered in NC, headache was the primary complaint in 30.04%. The headache patients’ mean age was 42.85 ± 14.89 (18–95 years), and 74.3% were female. According to the ICHD-3 criteria, 86.7% of the main group had primary headache disorders, 33.5% had secondary headaches, 4% had painful cranial neuropathies along with other facial and headaches, and 5.2% had headaches included in the appendix part showing some overlapping conditions. While the most common primary headache was migraine without aura (36.8%), the most common secondary headache was medication-overuse headache (MOH) (9.8%). Headaches attributed to COVID-19, its secondary complications, or vaccines continue to occur at rates of 1.2%-3.5% in current neurology practice. Pain severity was significantly lower in Ivory Coast and Sudan than in Türkiye, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Iran, Egypt, Senegal, Tatarstan, and Azerbaijan (p Conclusions The study showed that migraine is still the most common motive for admissions to NC in different regions. Furthermore, MOH, an avoidable disorder, is the most common secondary headache type and appears to be a significant problem in all regions. Remarkably, pain perception differs between regions, and pain intensity is lower in Africa than in other regions.

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is cleaner and cheaper for power generation than traditional energy sources. Many tanks that store LNG are located in coastal areas with less favorable geotechni...

Aim: In this study, we evaluated the presence of sarcopenia multidimensionally in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) using clinical, ultrasonographic and biochemical parameters, and in this respect, it was aimed to investigate the relation between OA and sarcopenia and to identify the most practical, easily accessible and inexpensive method for investigating sarcopenia.Materials and methods: 102 patients with clinical and radiological diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis and 33 healthy control subjects were included in the study. The detailed musculoskeletal system examination of the patients included in the study was carried out by a single physician, and blood sample tests were recorded .Dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is used to measure Body composition parameters and muscle mass measurements, isometric muscle strength evaluations, handgrip strength and gait speeds for diagnosis of sarcopenia. Short-form -36 (SF-36) The Nutritional Assessment-short form (MNA), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the International Physical Assessment Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D scale) were administered to every patient as outcome measures.Results: Body composition parameter results showed that sarcopenic patients had statistically lower values as fat mass, lean body mass and skeletal muscle index (p

Human intelligence has always been a fascinating subject for scientists. Since the inception of Spearman’s general intelligence in the early 1900s, there has been significant progress towards characterizing different aspects of intelligence and its relationship with structural and functional features of the brain. In recent years, the invention of sophisticated brain imaging devices using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has allowed researchers to test hypotheses about neural correlates of intelligence in humans.This review summarizes recent findings on the associations of human intelligence with neuroimaging data. To this end, first, we review the literature that has related brain morphometry to intelligence. Next, we elaborate on the applications of DWI and resting-state fMRI on the investigation of intelligence. Then, we provide a survey of literature that has used multimodal DWI-fMRI to shed light on intelligence. Finally, we discuss the state-of-the-art of individualized prediction of intelligence from neuroimaging data and point out future strategies. Future studies hold promising outcomes for machine learning-based predictive frameworks using neuroimaging features to estimate human intelligence.

Аbstract. The article is devoted to the problem of waste-free extraction of metals from the tailings of primary ore processing. It represents a generalized approach of development of a mechanochemical technology of metal extraction by leaching in disintegrator and includes a summary of existing views on the problem, an analysis of prospects of the technology and the real steps taken in this direction. In the article, the theory and practice of mechanochemical extraction of metals from ores is examined and the assessment of the existing state of subject matter is given. The essence of the problem is that for the expansion of applications of the recommended technology, it must be improved. The article includes an introduction, a purpose statement and the results of improvement on the level of patents in Russian Federation. The article highlights the problems of increasing the speed and fullness of the extraction of metals remaining after primary processing by traditional beneficiation methods, provides arguments and scientific description of the new methods of intensification of metal leaching in a disintegrator. Particular attention is paid to the effectiveness of combination of the methods of interaction with a mineral in order to increase the degree of extraction which allows to reduce operating costs. The essence of the above is the following: the scope of application of the breakthrough technology of waste-free metal extraction from deadstock poor raw materials can be improved by the use of new and prospective technologies based on the increase of process energetics. The main significance of the study lies in the experimental confirmation of the phenomenon of wastefree metal extraction into bulk concentrate by repeated activation in a disintegrator. The study’s advantage is the argument for the need of development of the new technology in order to gain economic, environmental and strategic benefits. The study is pioneering. It opens up a cluster of new problems, for example, selective extraction of metals from a collective solution, optimizing the resistance of the working body of disintegrator, utilizing master solutions, etc.

In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the most common nematodoses are toxocarosis, ancylostomosis, uncinariosis, toxoascarosis, which occur in dogs with an EI of 50-100%. The goal is to monitor intestinal nematodes in dogs in Kabardino-Balkaria and to test the effectiveness of the new drug Avertfen powder in mixed invasion of intestinal nematodes in dogs. Studies have shown that intestinal nematodoses of dogs in the form of mono- and mixed invasions are widespread in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic with a total EI of 78.6%. Associative invasion caused by a tetrade of intestinal nematodes (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum. Toxascaris leoninae, Uncinaria stenocephala) was observed mainly with EI = 38,0% with an intensity of 169.7; 132.5; 94.8; 147,3 ekz./ head. In the group of dogs infected with the mixed invasion Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum., Toxascaris leoninae, Uncinaria stenocephala, the new drug Avertfen powder in a dose of 15 mg / kg body weight had EE and IE - 100%. At the same time, on the 7th day, deworming of eggs and larvae of intestinal nematodes was not detected in feces. This dose of Avertfen powder should be recognized as an effective therapeutic dose. Key words: dogs; invasion; nematodoses, drug; Avertfen powder; extensefficiency.1

In the subjects of the Russian Federation, echinococcosis and multiceptosis are the most common cestodosis and are found in dogs with an EI of 100%. The goal is to study their distribution in dogs and to test the effectiveness of the new multidisperse anthelmintic composition Prazinox at with mixed invasion of cestodes E. granulosus and M. multiceps. Studies have shown that intestinal teniidoses in dogs in the form of mono- and mixed invasions is widespread with at total EI of 100%. Associative invasion in dogs caused by intestinal cestodes of E. granulosus and M. multiceps was manifested with EI = 50.0% with an intensity of invasion, respectively, 388.0 ± 14.5 and 3.1 ± 0.4 ekz./head. In the group of dogs infected with the mixed invasion of E. granulosus and M. multiceps , the new multidisperse anthelmintic composition Prazinox at a dose of 20 mg / kg body weight had EE and IE - 100%. At the same time, on the 5th day the deworming of eggs suborder Taeniata in feces did not detect. This dosage of new multidisperse anthelmintic composition Prazinox should be recognized as an effective therapeutic dose. Key words: dogs; Mixtinvasia; cestodes, drug; new multidisperse anthelmintic composition Prazinox; extensefficiency.

BackgroundThe ability to reconstruct neuronal networks, local microcircuits, or the entire connectome is a central goal of modern neuroscience. Recently, advancements in sample preparation (e.g., sample expansion and Brainbow labeling) and optical (e.g., confocal and light sheet) techniques have enabled the imaging of increasingly large neural systems with high contrast. Tracing neuronal structures from these images proves challenging, however, necessitating tools that integrate multiple neuronal traces, potentially derived by various methods, into one combined (montaged) result.New MethodHere, we present TraceMontage, an ImageJ/Fiji plugin for the combination of multiple neuron traces of a single image, either redundantly or non-redundantly. Internally, it uses graph theory to connect topological patterns in the 3-D spatial coordinates of neuronal trees. The software generates a single output tracing file containing the montage traces of the input tracing files and provides several measures of consistency analysis among multiple tracers.Results and Comparison to existing method(s)To our knowledge, our software is the first dedicated method for the combination of tracing results. Combining multiple tracers increases the accuracy and speed of tracing of densely-labeled samples by harnessing collaborative effort. This utility is demonstrated using fluorescence microscope images from the hippocampus and primary visual cortex (V1) in Brainbow-labeled mice.ConclusionsTraceMontage provides researchers the ability to combine neuronal tracing data generated by either the same or different method(s). As datasets become larger, the ability to trace images in this parallel manner will help connectomics scale to increasingly larger neural systems.

Real-time flame detection is crucial in video based surveillance systems. We propose a vision-based method to detect flames using Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (DCGANs). Many existing supervised learning approaches using convolutional neural networks do not take temporal information into account and require substantial amount of labeled data. In order to have a robust representation of sequences with and without flame, we propose a two-stage training of a DCGAN exploiting spatio-temporal flame evolution. Our training framework includes the regular training of a DCGAN with real spatio-temporal images, namely, temporal slice images, and noise vectors, and training the discriminator separately using the temporal flame images without the generator. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively detects flame in video with negligible false positive rates in real-time.

Natural intelligence is one of the vastly explored research areas in cognitive science. Its evolution and manifestation through behavioral patterns in animal kingdom have been extensively investigated. Since early days of cognitive sciences, there have been considerable efforts to simulate intelligent behaviors through high-level cognitive models. In the framework of the computational theory of mind, production systems are top-down models which simulate intelligent behaviors by invoking their behavioral manifestations. These models describe an intelligent behavior as structured mental programming which decomposes a complex task into simpler independent parts, each one represented by a cognitive enclosure where attention is sequentially devoted, and finally the information obtained from all cognitive enclosures is integrated to accomplish the task. In this article, we investigate the relations between these models of intelligence and resting-state fMRI signals. Based on these models, we hypothesize that the capacity of distinct mental representations is the core feature of intelligent behaviors. Therefore, we reason that resting-state fMRI signals of intelligent individuals wander in a larger space and can be divided to more well-separated independent components. This may be interpreted as the functional equivalence of one of the most celebrated structural correlates of intelligence, its positive association with the total brain volume. In the general framework of topological data analysis, using a well-established non-linear dimensionality reduction method, we show that indeed resting-state fMRI signals of intelligent individuals occupy a larger space and can be divided to more well-separated components with less connections in the reduced two-dimensional space. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to relate the functional space of resting-state fMRI signals with the behavioral signatures of the human intelligence.

Balance and motor coordination problems are often seen in persons with intellectual disability (ID). This study aimed to examine the relationship between balance and coordination and football participation in adolescents with ID. The study involved 197 male participants with ID aged between 14 and 19 years (16.22 +/- 2.00), of which 110 (65 mild ID, 45 moderate ID) played soccer in a school team, and 87 (48 mild ID, 39 moderate ID) did not participate in any sport. Balance and coordination skills were evaluated using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, second edition short form (BOT-2 SF). A significant positive relationship was found between all the balance and co-ordination sub-tests and the duration of playing football in the adolescents with ID (p

Copyright © 2016 Techno-Press, Ltd. Shallow footings are one of the most common types of foundations used to support mid-rise buildings in high risk seismic zones. Recent findings have revealed that the dynamic interaction between the soil, foundation, and the superstructure can influence the seismic response of the building during earthquakes. Accordingly, the properties of a foundation can alter the dynamic characteristics (natural frequency and damping) of the soil-foundation-structure system. In this paper the influence that shallow foundations have on the seismic response of a mid-rise moment resisting building is investigated. For this purpose, a fifteen storey moment resisting frame sitting on shallow footings with different sizes was simulated numerically using ABAQUS software. By adopting a direct calculation method, the numerical model can perform a fully nonlinear time history dynamic analysis to realistically simulate the dynamic behaviour of soil, foundation, and structure under seismic excitations. This three-dimensional numerical model accounts for the nonlinear behaviour of the soil medium and structural elements. Infinite boundary conditions were assigned to the numerical model to simulate free field boundaries, and appropriate contact elements capable of modelling sliding and separation between the foundation and soil elements are also considered. The influence of foundation size on the natural frequency of the system and structural response spectrum was also studied. The numerical results for cases of soil-foundation-structure systems with different sized foundations and fixed base conditions (excluding soil-foundation-structure interaction) in terms of lateral deformations, inter-storey drifts, rocking, and shear force distribution of the structure were then compared. Due to natural period lengthening, there was a significant reduction in the base shears when the size of the foundation was reduced. It was concluded that the size of a shallow foundation influences the dynamic characteristics and the seismic response of the building due to interaction between the soil, foundation, and structure, and therefore design engineer should carefully consider these parameters in order to ensure a safe and cost effective seismic design.

Summary This note describes nTracer, an ImageJ plug-in for user-guided, semi-automated tracing of multispectral fluorescent tissue samples. This approach allows for rapid and accurate reconstruction of whole cell morphology of large neuronal populations in densely labeled brains. Availability and implementation nTracer was written as a plug-in for the open source image processing software ImageJ. The software, instructional documentation, tutorial videos, sample image and sample tracing results are available at https://www.cai-lab.org/ntracer-tutorial. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.