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2. Tendencias, magnitud y causas de las huelgas de trabajadores dependientes de un empleador en Chile

Author

Alberto J. Armstrong V.

Subjects
Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

This article analyzes the principal characteristics, trends and causes of the strikes that took place in Chile during the period 1979-1995, as well as the most important difierences currently found in the analysis of legal and ilegal strikes, type of industry, unionized and nonunionized strikers, public, private and state-owned companies, and municipal sectors. The number of strikes, workers involved, man-days lost and average duration was used in the analysis. The study is based on the universe of strikes that took place in the above mentioned period, and the sources of inlbnnation were the Directorate of Labor, Carabineros de Chile (police) and the written press. Some of the principal findings that should be mentioned are the important number of strikes that occurred in the public sector -in which they are forbidden-, the increase in the number of illegal strikes and the decrease in the number of legal stiikes in the private sector, and the wage increases and protests against discharge as the main causes of strikes.

Published
1997
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13. 2. Development of colonoscopy skills using a virtual reality simulator

Author

Neill, J, Shannon, J, Hamilton, A, Scott, P, Harbinson, M, Adgey, AAJ, Armstrong, V, Gallagher, C, Dickey, W, Fairley, SL, Bennett, JR, Dalzell, GWN, Bradley, U, Spence, M, Courtney, CH, Mc Kinley, M, Ennis, CN, Bell, PM, Young, IS, Hunter, SJ, Kodoth, V, Trouton, TG, and Burnside, P

Subjects
Abstracts, Presented Abstract
Published
2008

18. Pension funds looking to Europe for returns

Author

ARMSTRONG, V. SNOWDEN

Subjects
Pension funds -- Investments, Business, Business, regional
Abstract

Less risk, easier (and cheaper) debt available Because pension funds in the United States allocate billions of dollars to real estate investments, it is essential for developers and investment real [...]

Published
2001

19. Pension fund buyers seeking 'trophy' assets

Author

ARMSTRONG, V. SNOWDEN

Subjects
Real estate management -- Services, Real estate management firms -- Services, Business, Business, regional
Abstract

The bigger the player, the bigger the deal gets Pension funds have billions of dollars allocated for real estate investments. Their preferred real estate holdings are 'trophy' properties, typically a [...]

Published
2000

21. MDR1 haplotypes modify BEN disease risk: a study in Bulgarian patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy compared to healthy controls

Author

Atanasova, S., von Ahsen, N., Dimitrov, T., Armstrong, V., Oellerich, M., and Toncheva, D.

Subjects
Male, Genotype, Balkan Nephropathy, P-Glycoprotein, Middle Aged, Heterozygote Detection, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Linkage Disequilibrium, MDR1, Balkan endemic nephropathy, Bulgarian population, SNP analysis, Haplotyping, Haplotypes, Case-Control Studies, Population Surveillance, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genes, MDR, Sex Distribution, Bulgaria
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a slow progressive nephropathy with frequent occurrence of uroepithelial tumors in the upper urinary tract. Genetic factors involved in xenobiotic detoxification mechanisms may cause genetic predisposition to BEN and influence the risk for this disease. Polymorphic MDR1 variants with decreased P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity modulate the risk for renal neoplasm. We have therefore investigated the impact of MDR1 polymorphisms on BEN manifestation. METHODS: The constitutional genotype frequencies of two SNPs (C3435T and G2677T) in the MDR1 gene in 112 healthy control subjects were investigated and compared with those of 96 patients with BEN. Identification of the SNPs was done with rapid cycle real-time PCR and melting curve analysis with allele-specific probes. RESULTS: The frequency of mutant alleles was comparable in both groups. Significant differences were revealed when the MDR1 haplotypes were analyzed. Individuals with a predicted haplotype 12 (2677G/3435T) were less frequent in BEN cases (frequency 7.3%) than in controls (16.1%, p = 0.006). We found that carriers of the haplotype 12 had a decreased risk for BEN (OR = 0.411; 0.21-0.78). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that haplotype 12 is protective against BEN. There is no clear molecular explanation of the MDR1 haplotype effects on the protein activity, which can explain the modified effect of the haplotype 12 on BEN risk. peerReviewed

Published
2004

22. Glucuronide and glucoside conjugation of mycophenolic acid by human liver, kidney and intestinal microsomes

Author

Shipkova, M, Strassburg, C P, Braun, F, Streit, F, Gröne, H-J, Armstrong, V W, Tukey, R H, Oellerich, M, and Wieland, E

Subjects
Intestines, Glucuronides, Microsomes, Papers, Microsomes, Liver, Humans, Glucuronates, Glucuronosyltransferase, Mycophenolic Acid, Kidney
Abstract

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is primarily metabolized to a phenolic glucuronide (MPAG) as well as to two further minor metabolites: an acyl glucuronide (AcMPAG) and a phenolic glucoside (MPAG1s). This study presents investigations of the formation of these metabolites by human liver (HLM), kidney (HKM), and intestinal (HIM) microsomes, as well as by recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. HLM (n=5), HKM (n=6), HIM (n=5) and recombinant UGTs were incubated in the presence of either UDP-glucuronic acid or UDP-glucose and various concentrations of MPA. Metabolite formation was followed by h.p.l.c. All microsomes investigated formed both MPAG and AcMPAG. Whereas the efficiency of MPAG formation was greater with HKM compared to HLM, AcMPAG formation was greater with HLM than HKM. HIM showed the lowest glucuronidation efficiency and the greatest interindividual variation. The capacity for MPAGls formation was highest in HKM, while no glucoside was detected with HIM. HKM produced a second metabolite when incubated with MPA and UDP-glucose, which was labile to alkaline treatment. Mass spectrometry of this metabolite in the negative ion mode revealed a molecular ion of m/z 481 compatible with an acyl glucoside conjugate of MPA. All recombinant UGTs investigated were able to glucuronidate MPA with K:(M:) values ranging from 115.3 to 275.7 microM l(-1) and V(max) values between 29 and 106 pM min(-1) mg protein(-1). Even though the liver is the most important site of MPA glucuronidation, extrahepatic tissues particularly the kidney may play a significant role in the overall biotransformation of MPA in man. Only kidney microsomes formed a putative acyl glucoside of MPA.

Published
2001

24. Plasma concentrations of mycophenolic acid acyl glucuronide are not associated with diarrhea in renal transplant recipients

Author

UCL, Heller, T., van Gelder, T., Budde, K., de Fijter, J. W., Kuypers, Delphine, Arns, W., Schmidt, J., Rostaing, L., Powis, S. H., Claesson, K., MacPhee, I. A. M., Pohanka, E., Engelmayer, J., Brandhorst, G., Oellerich, M., Armstrong, V. W., UCL, Heller, T., van Gelder, T., Budde, K., de Fijter, J. W., Kuypers, Delphine, Arns, W., Schmidt, J., Rostaing, L., Powis, S. H., Claesson, K., MacPhee, I. A. M., Pohanka, E., Engelmayer, J., Brandhorst, G., Oellerich, M., and Armstrong, V. W.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of the acyl (AcMPAG) and phenolic (MPAG) glucuronide metabolites of mycophenolic acid (MPA) were related to diarrhoea in renal transplant patients on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TCL). Blood samples (0, 30, 120 min) were taken at days 3, 10, week 4, months 3, 6 and 12 for determination of MPA, MPAG and AcMPAG. MPA-AUC was estimated using validated algorithms. Two hour AUCs were calculated for MPAG and AcMPAG. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of CsA/MMF (n = 110) and of TCL/MMF (n = 180). In 70/290 (24%) patients 86 episodes of diarrhoea were recorded during 12 months. Significantly more patients on TCL (31.1%) suffered from diarrhea compared to CsA (12.7%). MMF dose, MPA-AUC and the 2 h AUCs of MPAG and AcMPAG did not differ between patients with and without diarrhoea. Plasma AcMPAG and MPAG concentrations were substantially higher in patients on CsA compared with TCL, while MPA-AUC was lower in the former group. These data support the concept that CsA inhibits the biliary excretion of MPAG and AcMPAG, thereby potentially reducing the risk of intestinal injury through enterohepatic recycling of MPA and its metabolites.

Published
2007

26. Twelve-month evaluation of the clinical pharmacokinetics of total and free mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolites in renal allograft recipients on low dose tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil

Author

UCL - MD/CHIR - Département de chirurgie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de chirurgie et transplantation abdominale, Kuypers, D. R. J., Mourad, Michel, Vanrenterghem, Y., Squifflet, Jean-Paul, Abramowicz, D., Oellerich, M., Armstrong, V, Shipkova, M., Daems, J., UCL - MD/CHIR - Département de chirurgie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de chirurgie et transplantation abdominale, Kuypers, D. R. J., Mourad, Michel, Vanrenterghem, Y., Squifflet, Jean-Paul, Abramowicz, D., Oellerich, M., Armstrong, V, Shipkova, M., and Daems, J.

Abstract

Background: The establishment of a rationale for therapeutic drug monitoring for mycophenolic acid (MPA) and outlining a therapeutic window remains a challenging task in renal transplantation. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of free and total MPA and its glucuronides depend directly or indirectly on graft function and the type of co-administered calcineurin-inhibitor. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective 12-month multicenter pharmacokinetic study on MPA (MPA, free MPA, free fraction MPA) and its metabolites (MPAG, Acyl-MPAG). The aim of this study was to examine the long-term pharmacokinetic characteristics of MMF when combined with tacrolimus in renal allograft recipients and to identify a possible relationship between these pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical outcome parameters. Results: They have demonstrated that in renal transplant recipients MPA, free MPA, Acyl-MPAG and MPAG have a particular pharmacokinetic profile when combined with tacrolimus which differs from the combination with CsA. They could not establish a relationship between pre-dose trough concentration of MPA and its metabolites and clinical efficacy endpoints and drug-related adverse events, except for anemia. Conclusions: These findings suggest that trough plasma concentration monitoring of MPA and its metabolites might not provide a useful clinical tool for guiding MMF dose adjustments to avoid drug-related toxicity. More extensive pharmacokinetic measurements like area under the concentration curves might be necessary for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of MMF.

Published
2003

34. Therapeutic drug monitoring of total and free mycophenolic acid (MPA) and limited sampling strategy for determination of MPA-AUC in paediatric renal transplant recipients

Author

Weber, L., primary, Schutz, E., additional, Lamersdorf, T., additional, Shipkova, M., additional, Niedmann, P., additional, Oellerich, M., additional, Zimmerhackl, L., additional, Staskewitz, A., additional, Mehls, O., additional, Armstrong, V., additional, and Tonshoff, B., additional

Published
1999
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39. Tendencias, magnitud y causas de la huelgas de trabajadores depedientes de un empleador en Chile.

Author

Armstrong V., Alberto J.

Subjects
*STRIKES & lockouts, *WILDCAT strikes, *WAGE increases, *DISMISSAL of employees, *LABOR disputes
Abstract

This article analyzes the principal characteristics: trends and causes of the strikes that took place in Chile during the period 1979-1995, as well as the most important differences currently found in the analysis of legal and ilegal strikes, type of industry, unionized and nonunionized strikers, public, private and state-owned companies, and municipal sectors. The number of strikes, workers involved, man-days lost and average duration were used in the analysis. The study is based on the universe of strikes that took place in the above mentioned period, and the sources of information were the Directorate of Labor, Carabineros de Chile (police) and the written press. Some of the principal findings that should be mentioned are the important number of strikes that occurred in the public sector -in which they are forbidden-, the increase in the number of illegal strikes and the decrease in the number of legal strikes in the private sectors and the wage increases and protests against discharge as the main causes of strikes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997

40. Identification of glucoside and carboxyl-linked glucuronide conjugates of mycophenolic acid in plasma of transplant recipients treated with mycophenolate mofetil.

Author

Shipkova, Maria, Armstrong, Victor William, Wieland, Eberhard, Niedmann, Paul Dieter, Schütz, Ekkehard, Brenner-Weiß, Gerald, Voihsel, Martin, Braun, Felix, Oellerich, Michael, Shipkova, M, Armstrong, V W, Wieland, E, Niedmann, P D, Schütz, E, Brenner-Weiss, G, Voihsel, M, Braun, F, and Oellerich, M

Published
1999
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43. Identification of two functionally distinct lysine-binding sites in kringle 37 and in kringles 32-36 of human apolipoprotein(a).

Author

Ernst, A, Helmhold, M, Brunner, C, Pethö-Schramm, A, Armstrong, V W, and Müller, H J

Abstract

The well documented association between high plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and cardiovascular disease might be mediated by the lysine binding of apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), the plasminogen-like, multikringle glycoprotein in Lp(a). We employed a mutational analysis to localize the lysine-binding domains within human apo(a). Recombinant apo(a) (r-apo(a)) with 17 plasminogen kringle IV-like domains, one plasminogen kringle V-like domain, and a protease domain or mutants thereof were expressed in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. The lysine binding of plasma Lp(a) and r-apo(a) in the culture supernatants of transfected HepG2 cells was analyzed by lysine-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Wild type recombinant Lp(a) (r-Lp(a)) revealed lysine binding in the range observed for human plasma Lp(a). A single accessible lysine binding site in Lp(a) is indicated by a complete loss of lysine binding observed for r-Lp(a) species that contain either a truncated r-apo(a) lacking kringle IV-37, kringle V, and the protease or a point-mutated r-apo(a) with a Trp-4174-->Arg substitution in the putative lysine-binding pocket of kringle IV-37. Evidence is also presented for additional lysine-binding sites within kringles 32-36 of apo(a) that are masked in Lp(a) as indicated by an increased lysine binding for the point mutant (Cys-4057-->Ser), which is unable to assemble into particles. An important role of these lysine-binding site(s) for Lp(a) assembly is suggested by a decreased assembly efficiency for deletion mutants lacking either kringle 32 or kringles 32-35.

Published
1995

50. COVID-19 Reflections: COVID-19 Vaccination in North Carolina: Promoting Equity by Partnering with Communities and Health Care Providers.

Author

Wong CA, Alzuru C, Kinsley K, Jury R, Sauer ML, Jones T, and Armstrong V

Subjects
Health Personnel, Humans, North Carolina epidemiology, Vaccination, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 Vaccines
Abstract

North Carolina implemented a rapid statewide COVID-19 vaccine strategy that focused on vaccinating people quickly and equitably. We describe the sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in North Carolina and how these factors were considered in communication as well as community and health care provider engagement in the COVID-19 response., (©2022 by the North Carolina Institute of Medicine and The Duke Endowment. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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