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Coral reef ecosystems are one of the resources of coastal areas that are very vulnerable to damage, especially those caused by human behavior / surrounding communities. This research aims to calculate the percentage of coral cover and determine the condition of coral reefs in the waters of Pandangan Island, Mattiro Ujung Village, Liukang Tupabbiring District, Pangkep Regency. This research is carried out from February to April 2022, using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method which is processed and analyzed with CPCe software . The results obtained were 27 types of coral growth forms, namely Acropora Digitate, Acropora Encrusting, Acropora Submassive, Acropora Tabulate, Acropora Branching, Coral Branching, Coral Encrusting, Coral Heliopora, Coral Massive, Coral Millepora, Coral Mushroom, Coral Submassive, Coral foliose, Dead Coral, Dead Coral With Algae, Sponge, Other, Soft Coral, Halimeda, Turf Algae, Macro Algae, Coralline Algae, Algae Assamblage, Rubble, Sand, Silt, and Rock. The percentage of coral cover from each station, namely at station I was 23.17%, Station II was 25.44%, Station III was 26.56%. with an average coral cover of 25.06% and the condition of coral reefs in the waters of Pulau Views is in the moderate category referring to the Decree of the Minister of the Environment Number 4 of 2001 concerning the standard criteria for coral reef damage.

The research work was performed to investigate the immunogenicity of Salmonella vaccine produced at LPVRPC, BAU Mymensingh. The vaccination was performed at the Phenix Hatchery Ltd. Gazipur in Hy-sex brown and HY-sex white chicken designated as group A and group B respectively. Group A and B were subdivided into A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 groups containing eight birds each. Group C was maintained as unvaccinated control. Birds were immunized following schedule of the LPVRPC. Each bird was vaccinated SC at six weeks of age followed by a subsequent booster dose after 45 days. After four weeks of primary vaccination the mean PHA antibody titres were 96.00±34.21 in group A1 and 96.00±34.21 in B1 group. Prebooster vaccination the mean PHA antibody titres were 88.00±33.12 in group A2 and 88.00±33.12 in B2 group. At four weeks of booster vaccination the mean PHA antibody titres were 104.00±33.12 in group A3 and 104.00±33.12 in B3 group. The mean ± PHA antibody titre in chickens of group C was ≤ 4.0±0.00. Salmonella vaccine prepared at (LPVRPC) Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU induces satisfactory level of antibody in chickens determined by PHA test conducted in an on-farm study of layer chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic steatosis/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a major public health delinquent caused by the excess deposition of lipid into lipid droplets (LDs) as well as metabolic dysregulation. Hepatic cells buildup with more fat molecules when a person takes high fat diet that is excessive than the body can handle. At present, millions of people in the world are affected by this problem. So, it is very important to know the effects of factors responsible for the disease. Here, the role of lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis and metabolism was analyzed and intended to investigate if defects in biogenesis/metabolic enzymes are responsible for the accumulation of lipids other than LDs in fatty liver disease in high-fat-induced conditions in mice model. To explore it, high-fat diet (HFD), fast food (FF), and soft drinks (SD) were administered to wild-type Swiss albino mice for 14 weeks following yogurt supplementation. After experimental period, glucose tolerance, enzyme function, lipid profile, plasma biochemistry, and other analytical tests were analyzed by auto-analyzer including different oxidative stress markers. Lipids from hepatic tissues were extracted, and purified by Floatation Assay and subsequently analyzed by different biochemical and chromatographic techniques. Histological architecture of hepatocytes was performed using Zeiss microscope. Finally, increased amount of lipids biogenesis/accumulation was found in liver tissues that causes Fatty liver disease. Significantly, HFD, FF, and SD were identified as factors for the increased LD biogenesis and or lipid metabolic disorder. Nevertheless, yogurt supplementation can homeostasis those LD formation and metabolic syndrome as it increases the down regulation of lipid biogenesis as well as lipid metabolic rate. So, yogurt supplementation was considered as a novel agent for decreasing LD biogenesis as well as excessive accumulation of fat in hepatocytes which can be used as therapeutics for the treatment of NAFLD., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of our own artificial intelligence (AI)-generated model to assess automated segmentation and quantification of body composition-derived computed tomography (CT) slices from the lumber (L3) region in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients., Methods: A total of 541 axial CT slices at the L3 vertebra were retrospectively collected from 319 patients with CRC diagnosed during 2012-2019 at a single Australian tertiary institution, Western Health in Melbourne. A two-dimensional U-Net convolutional network was trained on 338 slices to segment muscle, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Manual reading of these same slices of muscle, VAT and SAT was created to serve as ground truth data. The Dice similarity coefficient was used to assess the U-Net-based segmentation performance on both a validation dataset (68 slices) and a test dataset (203 slices). The measurement of cross-sectional area and Hounsfield unit (HU) density of muscle, VAT and SAT were compared between two methods., Results: The segmentation for muscle, VAT and SAT demonstrated excellent performance for both the validation (Dice similarity coefficients >0.98, respectively) and test (Dice similarity coefficients >0.97, respectively) datasets. There was a strong positive correlation between manual and AI segmentation measurements of body composition for both datasets (Spearman's correlation coefficients: 0.944-0.999, P < 0.001)., Conclusions: Compared to the gold standard, this fully automated segmentation system exhibited a high accuracy for assessing segmentation and quantification of abdominal muscle and adipose tissues of CT slices at the L3 in CRC patients., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy and New Zealand Institute of Medical Radiation Technology.)

Background: The Scutellaria genus has promising therapeutic capabilities as an aromatherapy. Based on that and local practices of S. nuristanica Rech. F. The essential oil was studied for the first time for its diverse biomedical applications., Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate and validate their therapeutic capabilities by screening the essential oil ingredients and examining their antimicrobial, antioxidant, carbonic anhydrase, and antidiabetic using further In silico assessment and In vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic capabilities to devise novel sources as natural remedies alternative to the synthetic drugs., Methods: Essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation, and the constituents were profiled using GC-MS. The antimicrobial assessment was conducted using an agar well diffusion assay. Free radical scavenging capabilities were determined by employing DPPH and ABTS assay. The carbonic anhydrase-II was examined using colorimetric assay, while the antidiabetic significance was performed using α-Glucosidase assay. The anti-inflammatory significance was examined through carrageenan-induced paw edema, and the analgesic features of the essential oil were determined using an acetic acid-induced writhing assay., Results: Fifty constituents were detected in S. nuristanica essential oil (SNEO), contributing 95.93 % of the total EO, with the predominant constituents being 24-norursa-3,12-diene (10.12 %), 3-oxomanoyl oxide (9.94 %), methyl 7-abieten-18-oate (8.85 %). SNEO presented significance resistance against the Gram-positive bacterial strains (GPBSs), Bacillus atrophaeus and Bacillus subtilis, as compared to the Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Gram-negative bacterial strains (GNBSs) as well as two fungal strains Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus niger associated with their respective standards. Considerable free radical scavenging capacity was observed in DPPH compared to the ABTS assay when correlated with ascorbic acid. In addition, when equated with their standards, SNEO offered considerable in vitro carbonic anhydrase II and antidiabetic capabilities. Additionally, the antidiabetic behavior of the 9 dominant compounds of SNEO was tested via In silico techniques, such as molecular docking, which assisted in the assessment of the significance of binding contacts of protein with each chemical compound and pharmacokinetic evaluations to examine the drug-like characteristics. Molecular dynamic simulations at 100 ns and binding free energy evaluations such as PBSA and GBSA models explain the molecular mechanics and stability of molecular complexes. It was also observed that SNEO depicted substantial anti-inflammatory and analgesic capabilities., Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that the SNEO comprises bioactive ingredients with biomedical significance, such as anti-microbial, antioxidant, CA-II, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic agents. The computational validation also depicted that SNEO could be a potent source for the discovery of anti-diabetic drugs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

We integrate edge-emitting etched-facet InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) lasers to an AlGaN/GaN-on-sapphire waveguide platform via micro-transfer printing. The lasers are placed into a trench etched into the sapphire substrate so as to transversely align the waveguides. The AlGaN/GaN waveguide structure is designed to allow for tolerant alignment of the active lasing mode to the passive waveguide mode. 4 μm wide waveguides show a TE propagation loss of 4.5 dB/cm. For a QD laser with a 1.2 mm long cavity and 3.5 μm wide ridge waveguide, 2.3 mW was measured at 80 mA under continuous wave conditions from the end of a 0.64 cm long 4 μm wide waveguide with an estimated coupling efficiency of >20 %. The measured coupled output power is 1.5 mW at 70°C and 100 mA. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the heterogeneous integration of a GaAs lasing device to a GaN-based PIC by any means. The results show real promise for GaN to be a suitable platform for integrated photonics applications requiring O-band operation.

Background: Hartmann's reversal, a complex elective surgery, reverses and closes the colostomy in individuals who previously underwent a Hartmann's procedure due to colonic pathology like cancer or diverticulitis. It demands careful planning and patient optimisation to help reduce postoperative complications. Preoperative evaluation of body composition has been useful in identifying patients at high risk of short-term postoperative outcomes following colorectal cancer surgery. We sought to explore the use of our in-house derived Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm to measure body composition within patients undergoing Hartmann's reversal procedure in the prediction of short-term postoperative complications., Methods: A retrospective study of all patients who underwent Hartmann's reversal within a single tertiary referral centre (Western) in Melbourne, Australia and who had a preoperative Computerised Tomography (CT) scan performed. Body composition was measured using our previously validated AI algorithm for body segmentation developed by the Department of Surgery, Western Precinct, University of Melbourne. Sarcopenia in our study was defined as a skeletal muscle index (SMI), calculated as Skeletal Muscle Area (SMA) /height 2  < 38.5 cm 2 /m 2  in women and < 52.4 cm 2 /m 2  in men., Results: Between 2010 and 2020, 47 patients (mean age 63.1 ± 12.3 years; male, n = 28 (59.6%) underwent body composition analysis. Twenty-one patients (44.7%) were sarcopenic, and 12 (25.5%) had evidence of sarcopenic obesity. The most common postoperative complication was surgical site infection (SSI) (n = 8, 17%). Sarcopenia (n = 7, 87.5%, p = 0.02) and sarcopenic obesity (n = 5, 62.5%, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with SSIs. The risks of developing an SSI were 8.7 times greater when sarcopenia was present., Conclusion: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were related to postoperative complications following Hartmann's reversal. Body composition measured by a validated AI algorithm may be a beneficial tool for predicting short-term surgical outcomes for these patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The microbial community diversity in Constructed Wetland System (CWS) plays a key role in the removal of pollutants from waste water. An integrated functional CWS developed at Neela Hauz Biodiversity Park, Delhi was selected to assess the diversity in composition and structure of microbial community diversity of sludge and sediment of CWS, based on metagenomic approach using 16S rRNA genes. The sediment showed higher diversity than sludge and both formed distinct clusters. The taxonomic structure of the microbial community of CWS is represented by 6,731 OTUs distributed among 2 kingdoms, 103 phyla, 227 classes, 337 orders, 320 families, 295 identified genera, and 84 identified species. The relative abundance of top 5 dominant phyla of sludge and sediment varied from 3.77% ( Acidobacteria ) to 35.33% ( Proteobacteria ) and 4.07% ( Firmicutes ) to 28.20% ( Proteobacteria ), respectively. The range of variation in relative abundance of top 5 dominant genera of sludge and sediment was 2.58% ( Hyphomicrobium ) to 6.61% ( Planctomyces ) and 2.47% ( Clostridium ) to 4.22% ( Syntrophobacter ), respectively. The rich microbial diversity of CWS makes it perform better in pollutants removal (59.91-95.76%) than other CWs. Based on the abundance values of taxa, the taxa are grouped under four frequency distribution classes-abundant (>20), common (10-19), rare (5-9), and very rare (1-4). The unique structure of microbial communities of integrated CWS is that the number of abundant taxa decreases in descending order of taxonomic hierarchy, while the number of rare and very rare taxa increases. For example, the number of abundant phyla was 14 and 21 in sludge and sediment, respectively and both communities have only 3 abundant genera each. This is in contrast to 4 and 17 very rare phyla in sludge and sediment, respectively and both the communities have 114 and 91 very rare genera, respectively. The outcomes of the study is that the integrated CWS has much higher microbial community diversity than the diversity reported for other CWs, and the rich diversity can be used for optimizing the performance efficiency of CWS in the removal of pollutants from waste water. Such structural diversity might be an adaptation to heterogeneous environment of CWS., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that SM-L was an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Seth, Vats, Lakhanpaul, Arafat, Mazumdar-Leighton, Bansal and Babu.)

Context: In this study, we investigated the mechanical responses of molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe 2 ) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our key focus was on the tensile behavior of MoTe 2 with trigonal prismatic phase (2H-MoTe 2 ) which was investigated under uniaxial tensile stress for both armchair and zigzag directions. Crack formation and propagation were examined to understand the fracture behavior of such material for varying temperatures. Additionally, the study also assesses the impact of temperature on Young's modulus and fracture stress-strain of a monolayer of 2H-MoTe 2 ., Method: The investigation was done using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using Stillinger-Weber (SW) potentials. The tensile behavior was simulated for temperature for 10 K and then from 100 to 600 K with a 100-K interval. The crack propagation and formation of 10 K and 300 K 2H-MoTe 2 for both directions at different strain rates was analyzed using Ovito visualizer. All the simulations were conducted using a strain rate of 10 -4  ps -1 . The results show that the fracture strength of 2H-MoTe 2 in the armchair and zigzag direction at 10 K is 16.33 GPa (11.43 N/m) and 13.71429 GPa (9.46 N/m) under a 24% and 18% fracture strain, respectively. The fracture strength of 2H-MoTe 2 in the armchair and zigzag direction at 600 K is 10.81 GPa (7.56 N/m) and 10.13 GPa (7.09 N/m) under a 12.5% and 12.47% fracture strain, respectively., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: Gold standard chemotherapy dosage is based on body surface area (BSA); however many patients experience dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of BSA, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) body composition (BC) measurements derived from Lumbar 3 vertebra (L3) computed tomography (CT) slices, in predicting DLT in colon cancer patients., Methods: 203 patients (60.87 ± 12.42 years; 97 males, 47.8%) receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (Oxaliplatin and/or 5-Fluorouracil) were retrospectively evaluated. An artificial intelligence segmentation model was used to extract 2D and 3D body composition measurements from each patients' single mid-L3 CT slice as well as multiple-L3 CT scans to produce a 3D BC report. DLT was defined as any incidence of dose reduction or discontinuation due to chemotherapy toxicities. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed on BSA and individual body composition measurements to demonstrate their predictive performance., Results: A total of 120 (59.1%) patients experienced DLT. Age and BSA did not vary significantly between DLT and non-DLT group. Females were significantly more likely to experience DLT (p = 4.9 × 10 -3 ). In all patients, the predictive effectiveness of 2D body composition measurements (females: AUC = 0.50-0.54; males: AUC = 0.50-0.61) was equivalent to that of BSA (females: AUC = 0.49; males: AUC = 0.58). The L3 3D skeletal muscle volume was the most predictive indicator of DLT (AUC of 0.66 in females and 0.64 in males)., Conclusion: Compared to BSA and 2D body composition measurements, 3D L3 body composition measurements had greater potential to predict DLT in CRC patients receiving chemotherapy and this was sex dependent., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Body composition analysis in colorectal cancer (CRC) typically utilises a single 2D-abdominal axial CT slice taken at the mid-L3 level. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) allows for analysis of the entire L3 vertebra (non-mid-L3 and mid-L3). The goal of this study was to determine if the use of an AI approach offered any additional information on capturing body composition measures., Methods: A total of 2203 axial CT slices of the entire L3 level (4-46 slices were available per patient) were retrospectively collected from 203 CRC patients treated at Western Health, Melbourne (97 males; 47.8%). A pretrained artificial intelligence (AI) model was used to segment muscle, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) on these slices. The difference in body composition measures between mid-L3 and non-mid-L3 scans was compared for each patient, and for males and females separately., Results: Body composition measures derived from non-mid-L3 scans exhibited a median range of 0.85% to 6.28% (average percent difference) when compared to the use of a single mid-L3 scan. Significant variation in the VAT surface area ( p  = 0.02) was observed in females compared to males, whereas male patients exhibited a greater variation in SAT surface area ( p  < 0.001) and radiodensity ( p  = 0.007)., Conclusion: Significant differences in various body composition measures were observed when comparing non-mid-L3 slices to only the mid-L3 slice. Researchers should be aware that considering only the use of a single midpoint L3 CT scan slice will impact the estimate of body composition measurements., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article., (Copyright © 2023 Ke Cao et al.)

Introduction:  Oxygen saturation is essential for medical care and is closely regulated within the body. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is used to evaluate critically ill individuals' ventilation, oxygenation, acid-base status, and metabolic condition. Pulse oximetry is an easy and non-invasive way to measure the status of oxygen saturation non-invasively in clinical settings and provides a quick and precise assessment of oxygenation and reduces medical errors. SpO 2 may not always be a reliable predictor of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ), and hypoxemic, hemodynamically compromised, and critically ill patients may have lower SpO 2 accuracy. A study is needed to assess and compare various oxygen saturation methods., Aims and Objectives:  The study aimed to compare the oxygen saturation levels measured by pulse oximetry and ABG analysis in hypoxemic patients. The objectives were to compare the values between SaO 2 , PaO 2 , and SpO 2 values obtained from the patients, and correlate the study parameters among both techniques., Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from February 2021 to June 2022 among the 102 hypoxemic patients who were admitted to the emergency and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital in Chennai. Primary data on ABG analysis and pulse oximetry readings were collected from the study subjects. The patient and their past medical records, physical exam, chest x-ray findings, pulse oximetry, and ABG results were all reviewed. Each patient had their ABG, and pulse oximetry measured simultaneously. A comparison was made between SpO 2 and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) parameters using a paired t-test. The correlation was done against the SpO 2 and ABG parameters and assessed for association using the correlation coefficient value; gender was also considered while correlating., Results and Discussion: An observational study was done among 102 study samples to comparatively analyze the oxygen saturation by two methods, namely pulse oximetry and ABG, in hypoxemic patients. While comparing the mean values of SaO 2 and SpO 2 , they were 84.41 ± 4.24 and 80.58 ± 5.77, respectively, and this difference was statistically very significant (p < 0.001). While comparing the mean values of PaO 2 and SaO 2 , they were 61.02 ± 5.01 and 84.41 ± 4.24, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.043). While comparing the mean values of PaO 2 and SpO 2 , they were 61.02 ± 5.01 and 80.58 ± 5.77, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.054). Among the study population, with regard to the correlation factor, there is notably a very high and strong positive correlation between SaO 2 and SpO 2 and between SpO 2 and PaO 2 . There was a negative correlation between SpO 2 and finger abnormalities and between SpO 2 and blood pressure., Conclusion:  The ABG method is considered the gold standard. When SpO 2 levels fall below 90%, pulse oximetry may not be accurate enough to reliably assess oxygenation. In such cases, where alveolar hypoventilation is suspected, it is recommended to complement pulse oximetry with ABG studies. This is because ABG analysis provides a more comprehensive assessment of oxygenation and acid-base status, which can aid in the diagnosis and management of respiratory conditions., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Abraham et al.)

Background: Primary pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare type of pancreatic cancer, with an incidence of 5% of all pancreatic cancers. This condition is associated with a poor prognosis, and no optimal treatment has been established (Zhang et al. in Medicine (Baltim). 97:e12253, 2018)., Case Presentation: A 56-year-old man presented to our hospital with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and new-onset diabetes mellitus. He had no other medical comorbidities, episodes of pancreatitis and symptoms secondary to pancreatic insufficiency. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 94 × 72 × 83 mm necrotic pancreatic body mass with gastric invasion and multiple liver metastases. Gastroscopy revealed deep ulcerations at the posterior wall of the stomach with an active slow ooze. Endoscopic ultrasound was performed with EUS guided biopsy, which confirmed poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma of the pancreas. The patient underwent palliative radiotherapy for recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding followed by palliative chemotherapy with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. He was referred to dietitians and diabetes educators for the management of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency before being referred to community palliative care upon discharge., Conclusions: This is the first reported Australian case of pancreatic SCC presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and new-onset diabetes mellitus. Patients with unresectable disease require a multidisciplinary approach to manage complications and improve symptom control. However, there are no standard treatment guidelines and future research is needed in this regard., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background : HIV is a chronic disease with a profound social impact due to its strong ties with sexual and societal stigmatized behavior, such as illegal drug use and sexual promiscuity. Depression is one of the major disabling factors in chronic illnesses. Depression and anxiety disorders are more common among people living with HIV than the non-infected individuals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh. Methods : This cross-sectional study, which took place in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July to December 2020, included 338 HIV-positive people. The method used was a simple random sampling technique. The Beck Depression Inventory assessed depression in HIV-positive people (BDI). Results : More than 62 percent of the 338 people surveyed had severe depression, 30.5 percent had moderate depression, 5.6 percent had mild depression, and 1.8 percent had no depression. Age, being a male, being married, and having a low monthly income were all significant predictors of depression. Conclusions : This study found that depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among HIV-positive patients in Bangladesh. The authors recommend that health care providers address depressive disorders for people with HIV/ AIDS comprehensively., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2023 Rabeya R et al.)

Fibroadenoma (FA) in ectopic male breast tissue is extremely rare. The ectopic breast tissue (EBT) is mostly appearing along the milk line; however, uncommon locations are also seen, such as the present case., Case Presentation: The authors report a 19-year-old male presenting with intestinal obstruction. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery, and an excisional biopsy of the lesion was done. The histopathologic result confirms FA arising from EBT. This case is reported for its rarity. It indicates that FA should always be considered when there is an intra-abdominal suspicious mass., Discussion: EBT presenting as FA is also reported in the face, posterior neck, chest, middle back, buttocks, vulvar, and thighs. In this case, the authors present a EBT presented as a FA in the intra-abdomen of a young male patient, causing intestinal obstruction. FA in the male breast is rare; however, benign breast parenchyma showing FA in the intra-abdomen of a male patient is extremely rare., Conclusion: When a tumor is palpated in the milk line, the existence of FA should be taken into consideration. FA of the male EBT in the intra-abdomen is extremely rare. However, a close follow-up of the patient is strongly recommended, as the carcinoma arising from FA has a very poor prognosis., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Necrotizing soft tissue infection caused by a large 70 mm fish bone that led to a single perforation of the rectum is an incredibly rare phenomenon. We report a case of an adult male in his 50s who presented with perianal pain. A prompt computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a foreign body had perforated through the rectum into the retrorectal space with associated gas locules, indicating a necrotizing infection. In addition, our case report explores the principles of wide exploration and debridement, the role of a defunctioning colostomy in perineal wound management, and principles of wound closure in the context of a foreign body causing significant perineal sepsis., (© 2023 The Authors.)

The usage of recycled fibers has achieved enormous importance in the textile sector due to growing environmental awareness, legal requirements for more sustainability and the cost of raw materials. Recycled cotton fibers derived from mechanical shredding of textile waste possess lower quality values and therefore they are spun through blending with other fibers in rotor spinning system for the production of coarse yarns (10-20 Ne) to make denim, towel and home furnishing. Owing to low fiber migration, rotor yarns require high twist during spinning which makes them stiffer and poorly moisture absorbent. Rotor yarns also feel harsh in skin contact due to the presence of wrapper fibers in the yarn surface. Intending to make knit top garments like T-shirts and polo shirts, apparel manufacturers nowadays demand recycled fiber-contained soft and high moisture absorbent yarn that can be produced in ring spinning system. In the current endeavor, cotton fibers reclaimed from pre- and post-consumer textile waste were blended with virgin cotton and soft-twisted 30 Ne yarns were manufactured in ring spinning frame on an industrial scale in a spinning mill. A thorough analysis of the structure and properties of the yarns revealed that up to 25% recycled cotton fibers can be used as an alternative to virgin cotton to manufacture medium count (30 Ne) yarn in ring spinning suitable to produce knit top garments., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

It is known that excessive concentrations of glutamate in the brain can cause neurotoxicity. A common approach to neutralizing this phenomenon is the use of suppressant drugs. However, excessive dependence on suppressant drugs could potentially lead to adversarial side effects, such as drug addiction. Here, we propose an alternative approach to this problem by controlling excessive amounts of glutamate ions through carbon-based, neural implant-mediated uptake. In this study, we introduce a microfluidic system that enables us to emulate the uptake of glutamate into the carbon matrix. The uptake is controlled using electrical pulses to incorporate glutamate ions into the carbon matrix through electro-adsorption. The effect of electric potential on glutamate ion uptake to control the amount of glutamate released into the microfluidic system was observed. The glutamate concentration was measured using a Ultra Violet-Visible spectrophotometer. The current setup demonstrated that a low pulsatile electric potential (0.5-1.5 V) was able to effectively govern the uptake of glutamate ions. The stimulated carbon matrix was able to decrease glutamate concentration by up to 40%. Furthermore, our study shows that these "entrapped" glutamate molecules can be effectively released upon electrical stimulation, thereby reversing the carbon electrical charge through a process called reverse uptake. A release model was used to study the profile of glutamate release from the carbon matrix at a potential of 0-1.5 V. This study showed that a burst release of glutamate was evident at an applied voltage higher than 0.5 V. Ultimately, the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) test for cytotoxicity indicated a cell viability of more than 80% for the carbon matrix. This test demonstrates that the carbon matrix can support the proliferation of cells and has a nontoxic composition; thus, it could be accepted as a candidate material for use as neural implants., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Semiconducting zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) hold great potential as photocatalysts in wastewater treatment because of their favorable bandgap and cost-effectiveness. Unfortunately, ZnO NPs usually show rapid charge recombination that limits their photocatalytic efficacy significantly. Herein, we report a facile way of modifying ZnO NPs with zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF8). A synergy between the two components may tackle the drawback of fast charge recombination for pristine ZnO NPs. Improved performance of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) is confirmed by comparing with pristine ZnO and ZIF8 as the catalysts. The ZIF8 in the composite serves as a trap for photogenerated electrons, thus reducing the rate of charge recombination to enhance the photocatalysis rate. In addition, the hybridization process suppresses the aggregation of ZnO NPs, providing a large surface area and a greater number of active sites. Moreover, a small shift in the absorption band of ZnO@ZIF8 (10) NPs towards higher wavelength, also witnessed a little contribution towards enhanced photocatalytic properties. Mechanistic studies of the photocatalytic process of MB using ZnO@ZIF8 NPs catalyst reveal that hydroxyl radicals are the major reactive oxygen species. The facile hybridization of ZnO with ZIF8 provides a strategy for developing new photocatalysts with wide application potential., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Residual sweet lime peels after the extraction of essential oil by solvent free microwave extraction were used for developing biodegradable film. Glycerol as a plasticizer, soya lecithin as an emulsifier and sweet lime essential oil (0, 1, 2 and 3%) as an active agent was employed. Developed films were analyzed for their mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties. The films (with 3% essential oil) which reported highest antimicrobial property against E. coli (24.24 ± 2.69 mm) were wrapped on fish fillet and stored at the refrigerated condition for 12 days. The quality of fish fillets was evaluated every 4 days and compared with polyethylene wrapped and control fish fillets. The active film wrapped sample showed less surface microbial count (3.28 ± 0.16 log cfu/cm 2 ) compared to polyethylene wrapped sample. The hardness values were increased during storage and cohesiveness and springiness of all wrapped samples decreased from day 0 to day 12.

Under consecutive monoculture, the abundance of pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum in the rhizosphere of Radix pseudostellariae , negatively affects the yield and quality of the plant. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore the role of antagonistic fungi for the management of fungal pathogens such as F. oxysporum. Our PCR-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results revealed that the diversity of Trichoderma spp. was significantly declined due to extended monoculture. Similarly, quantitative PCR analysis showed a decline in Trichoderma spp., whereas a significant increase was observed in F. oxysporum . Furthermore, seven Trichoderma isolates from the R. pseudostellariae rhizosphere were identified and evaluated in vitro for their potentiality to antagonize F. oxysporum . The highest and lowest percentage of inhibition (PI) observed among these isolates were 47.91 and 16.67%, respectively. In in vivo assays, the R. pseudostellariae treated with four Trichoderma isolates, having PI > 30%, was used to evaluate the biocontrol efficiency against F. oxysporum in which T. harzianum ZC51 enhanced the growth of the plant without displaying any disease symptoms. Furthermore, the expression of eight defense-related genes of R. pseudostellariae in response to a combination of F. oxysporum and T. harzianum ZC51 treatment was checked, and most of these defense genes were found to be upregulated. In conclusion, this study reveals that the extended monoculture of R. pseudostellariae could alter the Trichoderma communities in the plant rhizosphere leading to relatively low level of antagonistic microorganisms. However, T. harzianum ZC51 could inhibit the pathogenic F. oxysporum and induce the expression of R. pseudostellariae defense genes. Hence, T. harzianum ZC51 improves the plant resistance and reduces the growth inhibitory effect of consecutive monoculture problem., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Chen, Zhou, Din, Arafat, Li, Wang, Wu, Wu, Wu, Qin, Pokhrel, Lin and Lin.)

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, sociodemographic factors, reproductive consequences, and heritable disease burdens associated with consanguineous marriage (CM) in Bangladesh., Methods: A total of 7,312 families, including 3,694 CM-families, were recruited from 102 locales of 58 districts of Bangladesh. Using a standard questionnaire, we collected medical history and background sociodemographic data of these families. Family history was assessed by pedigree analysis. Fertility, mortality, secondary sex ratio, selection intensity, lethal equivalents were measured using standard methods., Results: The mean prevalence of CM in our studied population was 6.64%. Gross fertility was higher among CM families, as compared to the non-CM families (p < 0.05). The rate of under-5 child (U5) mortality was significantly higher among CM families (16.6%) in comparison with the non-CM families (5.8%) (p < 0.01). We observed a persuasive rise of abortion/miscarriage and U5 mortality rates with the increasing level of inbreeding. The value of lethal equivalents per gamete found elevated for autosomal inheritances as compared to sex-linked inheritance. CM was associated with the incidence of several single-gene and multifactorial diseases, and congenital malformations, including bronchial asthma, hearing defect, heart diseases, sickle cell anemia (p < 0.05). The general attitude and perception toward CM were rather indifferent, and very few people were concerned about its genetic burden., Conclusion: This study highlights the harmful consequences of CM on reproductive behavior and the incidence of hereditary conditions. It essences the need for genetic counseling from premarital to postnatal levels in Bangladesh., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Introduction: Advanced stages of change (SOC) are usually associated with lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) scores in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, these patients' adherence to antidiabetic medications is crucial to achieve controlled HbA1c scores. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between SOC and HbA1c as well as between medication adherence and HbA1c in patients with T2DM in a primary health-care setting in Qatar., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in patients with T2DM at the noncommunicable diseases clinics at Mesaimeer Healthcare Center and West Bay Health Care Center. Medication adherence was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), whereas a two-item SOC questionnaire was used to measure the SOC. HbA1c values were obtained from the electronic database at the clinic. Spearman rank correlations were performed, with the significance level set at α < 0.05., Results: A total of 387 patients were included in the analysis. More than 75% of them reported that they were in the maintenance stage, and 35.4% of them had a controlled diabetes status. There was no significant correlation between SOC and HbA1c or between medication adherence and HbA1c., Conclusions: There was no relationship between SOC and HbA1c or between medication adherence and HbA1c in patients with T2DM, indicating that in this study, self-reported measures are not associated with the HbA1c scores of patients., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)