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Multilayer plastic (MP) commonly used in food and beverage packaging is difficult to recycle due to its layered structure, resulting in its accumulation over time; the consequent environmental harm is further exacerbated by its short lifespan. This study investigates recycled low-value MP as a modifier for polymer-modified bitumen (PMB). However, the difference in polarity between MP and PMB mixtures is a challenge, resulting in their poor compatibility and reduced mechanical properties. To overcome this, low-value MP was treated with atmospheric cold plasma and thermal oxidation to enhance its compatibility with PMB. The results indicate that plasma and thermal treatments increase the hydrophilicity of low-value MP through the formation of low-molecular-weight oxidized molecules containing hydrophilic hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C = O) groups that act as an intermediary boundary layer between the low-value MP and asphaltene-rich bitumen. Further, the optimal oxidation conditions for MP are revealed as 60 s of plasma treatment followed by heating at 150 °C for 60 min. Mixtures of PMB and optimally oxidized MP have optimal compositions of 1 wt.%, with ductility and penetration values of 87.7 cm and 57.4 mm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The enhancement of interfacial charge collection efficiency using buffer layers is a cost‐effective way to improve the performance of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) because they are often universally applicable regardless of the active materials. However, the availability of high‐performance buffer materials, which are solution‐processable at low temperature, are limited and they often require burdensome additional surface modifications. Herein, high‐performance ZnO based electron transporting layers (ETLs) for OPVs are developed with a novel g‐ray‐assisted solution process. Through careful formulation of the ZnO precursor and g‐ray irradiation, the pre‐formation of ZnO nanoparticles occurs in the precursor solutions, which enables the preparation of high quality ZnO films. The g‐ray assisted ZnO (ZnO‐G) films possess a remarkably low defect density compared to the conventionally prepared ZnO films. The low‐defect ZnO‐G films can improve charge extraction efficiency of ETL without any additional treatment. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device using the ZnO‐G ETLs is 11.09% with an open‐circuit voltage (VOC), short‐circuit current density ( JSC), and fill factor (FF) of 0.80 V, 19.54 mA cm‐2, and 0.71, respectively, which is one of the best values among widely studied poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3‐fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐)‐2‐carboxylate‐2‐6‐diyl)]: [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7‐Th:PC71BM)‐based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]