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Developing economical and high‐performing sensitizers is crucial in advancing dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and optoelectronics. This research paper explores the potential of novel red light‐absorbing organic dyes based on Indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (ICZ) as the donor applied in co‐sensitizer‐free DSSCs for breakthroughs in photovoltaic (PV) applications. DFT and TD‐DFT based computational methods were employed to calculate the conduction band levels, electron injection capabilities, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of metal‐free organic dyes (ICZ1–ICZ9) having D‐A‐π‐A architecture. Comprehensive analyses included NBO, DOS, FMO, ICT, MEP, binding energy, and TDM analysis. Quantum chemical calculations of the structural, photochemical, and electrochemical properties, as well as the key parameters, reveals that all the designed dyes could be an excellent candidate for high‐efficiency DSSCs due the small energy gap (2.130–1.947 eV), longer wavelength absorption (759.47–520.63 nm), longer lifetimes (15.65–6.67 ns), a lower ΔGreg (0.29–0.14 eV), a significant dipole moment changes (31.489–16.195D), LHE (0.95‐0.46), the large qCT (0.962–0.689), small DCT (7.657, 4.897 Å), and VOC (1.13–0.86 eV). This quantum simulation showed that, when compared to reference D8, the photovoltaic dyes ICZ8, ICZ2, and ICZ7 are recognized as being eye‐catching. Furthermore, dye@(TiO2)9 cluster model results demonstrate promising prospects for enhancing the photovoltaic (PV) performance of ICZ1–ICZ9 dyes by electron injection and conduction band (CB) engineering. This study will help the experimentalists for developing ICZ‐based PVs as more efficient and sustainable energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational research has postulated the learning styles variation from individual to individual. All the students do not have same learning style. Present study highlights the extent to which students' learning style preferences differ on the basis of gender. The study investigates students' learning style preferences in English at Intermediate level in district Poonch AJK, Pakistan. The study employs qualitative method. Data are collected through five point likert scale questionnaire. Data are analyzed by using SPSS software to see students' learning style preferences with respect to gender. The study arrives at the conclusion that 66.6% learning style preferences of the students of both genders are similar and 33.4% are dissimilar. The analysis reveals that students of both genders prefer to learn in friendly environment, by different techniques, by relating lesson with real life, when cultural knowledge is shared, learn the structure better by solving exercises, by discussion in pairs and groups, by doing or solving, when teachers respond politely, clarify concepts confidently when teachers encourage them and they cannot respond properly when teachers behave rude. Moreover, the study concludes that male students feel comfortable when lecture method is used, do not use cramming technique to score, do not feel fear of being scolded and prefer working with others in assignments and projects, while female students use cramming technique to score, feel fear of being scolded, do not prefer assignments or projects and prefer working alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher- student interaction is an important element of education system. Strong teacher student relationship is essential for the development of academic process. Teachers' practices used in English classroom play a vital role in students' learning. The study investigated gender based teachers' practices in English at Intermediate level. The study employed qualitative approach. Data were collected through structured observation and analyzed by using SPSS software. The study revealed the fact that the teachers of both genders use practices in classrooms in order to make their teaching effective but male teachers use practices more as compared to female teachers. Less number of female teachers use practices in classroom to make their teaching effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Contemporary fiction has incorporated magical realism, which is seen as an aesthetic category with a literary entry into the epistemological insight that governs our outlook. It is the depiction of the real and magical worlds using true incidents, unreducible materials, contrasting ideas of time and space, as well as myths exclusive to a particular cultural group. This study applies Magical Realism Narration Techniques, described by W. B. Faris, to three short stories: i.e., "The Paper Menagerie", "The Literomancer" and "Good Hunting" by Ken Liu. The study examines how these strategies are used by Ken Liu to convey various themes in his short stories. According to research, W.B. Faris' framework for magical realism narration is useful for analyzing the genre. Prejudice and colonialism are common themes in Ken Liu's writing. Moreover, he tries to evoke magic out of cultural elements and traditional characters which provokes reader's interest in the rich culture of Chinese people and develops the stories interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern technological breakthroughs depend on nonlinear optical (NLO) and photovoltaic (PV) materials, essential for creating advanced photonic devices and efficient solar cells. Herein, the NLO, PV, electrical, and photophysical characteristics of proposed chromophores (WLK-1-WLK-6) designed from pyridoquinazolindone-containing triphenylamine have been systematically altered by the addition of different spacers categorized as K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, and K6 (named as i-series). This fine-tuning was accomplished using TD-DFT, DFT computations, and the Scharber model. The impact of spectrum of medium polarity, ranging from the least polar to the most polar, including water ( ε = 78.36), methanol ( ε = 32.61), DMSO ( ε = 46.83), tetrahydrofuran ( ε = 7.43), benzene ( ε = 2.27) and chloroform ( ε = 4.71), is explored in detail utilizing the IEFPCM model on NLO and PV properties. Moreover, the response of different analyses like DOS, NCI, NBO, FMO, dipole moments ( µ ), and hyperpolarizability ( β ) in both gas, polar and non-polar solvents was analyzed. Our structure-property relationship studies revealed that adding extra spacer groups, particularly those containing thiophene spacers, considerably impacted the lowering of the energy gap (3.853-4.190 eV). The simulated UV-Vis spectra illustrate significant π → π* transitions and lower n → π* transitions, primarily in the near-infrared (IR) range of 558.613 to 429.844 nm. Push-pull chromophores showed extraordinary frequency-dependent NLO properties, SHG β (-2 ω , ω , ω ), and EOPE β (- ω , ω , 0) effect computed at laser frequencies of 1064 and 532 nm. Among the proposed compounds, WLK-6 with the K6 spacer demonstrated a smaller energy gap (3.853 eV), resulting in a maximum optical absorption peak at λ max = 558.613 nm and the maximum hyperpolarizability in benzene (9.00 × 10 4 a.u.), methanol (1.22 × 10 5 a.u.), THF (1.12 × 10 5 a.u.), DMSO (1.23 × 10 5 a.u.), and water (1.23 × 10 5 a.u.). Our study found that WLK-6, WLK-5, and WLK-1 compounds also had good photovoltaic (PV) capabilities, reaching a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of around 5% and an injection efficiency (Δ G inject ) of 0.191. In addition to these analyses, we performed topologic studies, such as TDM, ELF, NCI, MEP, LOL, and electron-hole overlap plots to better understand both intra and intermolecular interactions. Based on these results, it is clear that modifying longer π-linker groups in A-D-π-A conjugated systems benefits the optoelectronic characteristics and NLO responses for organic PV devices., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)