Search

Your search keyword '"Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû"' showing total 88 results
Start Over Author "Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû" Search Limiters Full Text
88 results on '"Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû"'

1. Effect of isoniazid preventive therapy on risk of death in west African, HIV-infected adults with high CD4 cell counts: long-term follow-up of the Temprano ANRS 12136 trial

Author

Anani Badje, MPH, Raoul Moh, PhD, Delphine Gabillard, MSc, Calixte Guéhi, PhD, Mathieu Kabran, PharmD, Jean-Baptiste Ntakpé, MPH, Jérôme Le Carrou, PhD, Gérard M Kouame, MPH, Eric Ouattara, PhD, Eugène Messou, PhD, Amani Anzian, MD, Albert Minga, PhD, Joachim Gnokoro, MD, Patrice Gouesse, MD, Arlette Emieme, PharmD, Thomas-d'Aquin Toni, PhD, Cyprien Rabe, MD, Baba Sidibé, MD, Gustave Nzunetu, MD, Lambert Dohoun, MD, Abo Yao, MPH, Synali Kamagate, MD, Solange Amon, MD, Amadou-Barenson Kouame, MD, Aboli Koua, MD, Emmanuel Kouamé, MD, Marcelle Daligou, MD, Denise Hawerlander, MD, Simplice Ackoundzé, MD, Serge Koule, MD, Jonas Séri, MD, Alex Ani, MD, Fassery Dembélé, MD, Fatoumata Koné, MD, Mykayila Oyebi, MD, Nathalie Mbakop, MD, Oyewole Makaila, MD, Carolle Babatunde, MD, Nathaniel Babatunde, MD, Gisèle Bleoué, MD, Mireille Tchoutedjem, MD, Alain-Claude Kouadio, MD, Ghislaine Sena, MD, Sahinou-Yediga Yededji, MD, Sophie Karcher, MSc, Prof Christine Rouzioux, PhD, Abo Kouame, MD, Rodrigue Assi, MD, Alima Bakayoko, MD, Prof Serge K Domoua, PhD, Nina Deschamps, MPH, Prof Kakou Aka, MD, Prof Thérèse N'Dri-Yoman, MD, Prof Roger Salamon, PhD, Valérie Journot, PhD, Prof Hughes Ahibo, PhD, Prof Timothée Ouassa, PhD, Prof Hervé Menan, PhD, Prof André Inwoley, PhD, Christine Danel, PhD, Prof Serge P Eholié, PhD, Dr Xavier Anglaret, PhD, Anani Badje, Raoul Moh, Delphine Gabillard, Calixte Guéhi, Mathieu Kabran, Jean-Baptiste Ntakpé, Jérôme Le Carrou, Gérard-Menan Kouame, Eric Ouattara, Eugène Messou, Amani Anzian, Albert Minga, Joachim Gnokoro, Patrice Gouesse, Arlette Emieme, Thomas-d'Aquin Toni, Cyprien Rabe, Baba Sidibé, Gustave Nzunetu, Lambert Dohoun, Yao Abo, Synali Kamagate, Solange Amon, Amadou-Barenson Kouame, Aboli Koua, Emmanuel Kouamé, Marcelle Daligou, Denise Hawerlander, Simplice Ackoundzé, Serge Koule, Jonas Séri, Alex Ani, Fassery Dembélé, Fatoumata Koné, Mykayila Oyebi, Nathalie Mbakop, Oyewole Makaila, Carolle Babatunde, Nathaniel Babatunde, Gisèle Bleoué, Mireille Tchoutedjem, Alain-Claude Kouadio, Ghislaine Sena, Sahinou-Yediga Yededji, Sophie Karcher, Christine Rouzioux, Abo Kouame, Rodrigue Assi, Alima Bakayoko, Serge-K. Domoua, Nina Deschamps, Kakou Aka, Thérèse N'Dri-Yoman, Roger Salamon, Valérie Journot, Hughes Ahibo, Timothée Ouassa, Hervé Ménan, André Inwoley, Ben-Ahoussi Ndja, Blandine Adou, Constance Kanga, Eba Aoussi, Emmanuel Bissagnene, Olivier Ba-Gomis, Yves-Alain Zike, Claude Akakpo, Madeleine Sassan-Morokro, Max Mobio, Bamba Doféré, Koman Mesmin, Alain Attia, Alassane Mahassadi, Apollinaire Horo, Armel Oussou, Marie-Laure Chaix, Gilles Peytavin, Mariatou Koné, Kouamé N'Guessan, Raïmi Fassassi, Serge Niangoran, Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû, France Lert, Rosemary Dray Spira, Kevin Jean, Romuald Konan, Franck Bohoussou, Cyril Yao-Yapi, Larissa N'guessan-Koffi, Bertine Siloué, Adoulaye Cissé, Adrienne Aboua, Sylvie Konan, Antoine Kouamé, Celestin N'Chot, Elvis Amani, Gwenaëlle Clouet, Bruno Debono, Geneviève Chêne, Mireille Dosso, Pierre-Marie Girard, Vincent Jarlier, Jean-Marie Masumbuko, Christian Perronne, Papa-Salif Sow, Christine Danel, Serge-Paul Eholié, and Xavier Anglaret

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Temprano ANRS 12136 was a factorial 2 × 2 trial that assessed the benefits of early antiretroviral therapy (ART; ie, in patients who had not reached the CD4 cell count threshold used to recommend starting ART, as per the WHO guidelines that were the standard during the study period) and 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in HIV-infected adults in Côte d'Ivoire. Early ART and IPT were shown to independently reduce the risk of severe morbidity at 30 months. Here, we present the efficacy of IPT in reducing mortality from the long-term follow-up of Temprano. Methods: For Temprano, participants were randomly assigned to four groups (deferred ART, deferred ART plus IPT, early ART, or early ART plus IPT). Participants who completed the trial follow-up were invited to participate in a post-trial phase. The primary post-trial phase endpoint was death, as analysed by the intention-to-treat principle. We used Cox proportional models to compare all-cause mortality between the IPT and no IPT strategies from inclusion in Temprano to the end of the follow-up period. Findings: Between March 18, 2008, and Jan 5, 2015, 2056 patients (mean baseline CD4 count 477 cells per μL) were followed up for 9404 patient-years (Temprano 4757; post-trial phase 4647). The median follow-up time was 4·9 years (IQR 3·3–5·8). 86 deaths were recorded (Temprano 47 deaths; post-trial phase 39 deaths), of which 34 were in patients randomly assigned IPT (6-year probability 4·1%, 95% CI 2·9–5·7) and 52 were in those randomly assigned no IPT (6·9%, 5·1–9·2). The hazard ratio of death in patients who had IPT compared with those who did not have IPT was 0·63 (95% CI, 0·41 to 0·97) after adjusting for the ART strategy (early vs deferred), and 0·61 (0·39–0·94) after adjustment for the ART strategy, baseline CD4 cell count, and other key characteristics. There was no evidence for statistical interaction between IPT and ART (pinteraction=0·77) or between IPT and time (pinteraction=0·94) on mortality. Interpretation: In Côte d'Ivoire, where the incidence of tuberculosis was last reported as 159 per 100 000 people, 6 months of IPT has a durable protective effect in reducing mortality in HIV-infected people, even in people with high CD4 cell counts and who have started ART. Funding: National Research Agency on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS).

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Decrease in sexual risk behaviours after early initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a 24‐month prospective study in Côte d'Ivoire

Author

Kévin Jean, Delphine Gabillard, Raoul Moh, Christine Danel, Annabel Desgrées‐du‐Loû, Jean‐Baptiste N'takpe, Jérôme Le Carrou, Anani Badjé, Serge Eholié, France Lert, Xavier Anglaret, and Rosemary Dray‐Spira

Subjects
HIV, AIDS, antiretroviral treatment, sexual behaviours, early ART initiation, HIV prevention, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Introduction Whether early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation could impact sexual risk behaviours remains to be documented. We aimed to investigate changes in sexual behaviours within the 24 months following an early versus standard ART initiation in HIV‐positive adults with high CD4 counts. Methods We used data from a prospective behavioural study nested in a randomized controlled trial of early ART (Temprano‐ANRS12136). Time trends in sexual behaviours from enrolment in the trial (M0) to 12‐month (M12) and 24‐month (M24) visits were measured and compared, using Generalized Estimating Equations models, between participants randomly assigned either to initiate ART immediately (early ART) or to defer ART initiation until on‐going WHO starting criteria are met (standard ART). Indicators of sexual behaviours included 1) sexual activity in the past year, 2) multiple partnership in the past year, 3) unprotected sex at last intercourse and 4) risky sex (i.e. unprotected sex with a partner of HIV negative/unknown status) at last intercourse. Results Analyses included 1952 participants (975 with early ART and 977 with standard ART; overall median baseline CD4 count: 469/mm3). Among participants with early ART, significant decreases were found between M0 and M24 in sexual activity (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 0.57–0.92), multiple partnership (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41–0.79), unprotected sex (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47–0.75) and risky sex (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45–0.76). Among participants with standard ART, sexual behaviours showed similar trends over time. These decreases mostly occurred within the 12 months following enrolment in the trial in both groups and prior to ART initiation in participants with standard ART. For unprotected sex and risky sex, decreases were or tended to be more pronounced among patients reporting that their last sexual partner was non‐cohabiting. Conclusions In these sub‐Saharan adults with high CD4 counts, entry into HIV care, rather than ART initiation, resulted in decreased sexual activity and risky sexual behaviours. We did not observe any evidence of a risk compensation phenomenon associated with early ART initiation. These results illustrate the potential behavioural preventive effect of early entry into care, which goes hand in hand with early ART initiation.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. When do HIV-infected women disclose their HIV status to their male partner and why? A study in a PMTCT programme, Abidjan.

Author

Hermann Brou, Gérard Djohan, Renaud Becquet, Gérard Allou, Didier K Ekouevi, Ida Viho, Valériane Leroy, Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû, and ANRS 1201/1202/1253 Ditrame Plus Study Group

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

BACKGROUND: In Africa, women tested for HIV during antenatal care are counselled to share with their partner their HIV test result and to encourage partners to undertake HIV testing. We investigate, among women tested for HIV within a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme, the key moments for disclosure of their own HIV status to their partner and the impact on partner HIV testing. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Within the Ditrame Plus PMTCT project in Abidjan, 546 HIV-positive and 393 HIV-negative women were tested during pregnancy and followed-up for two years after delivery. Circumstances, frequency, and determinants of disclosure to the male partner were estimated according to HIV status. The determinants of partner HIV testing were identified according to women's HIV status. During the two-year follow-up, disclosure to the partner was reported by 96.7% of the HIV-negative women, compared to 46.2% of HIV-positive women (chi(2) = 265.2, degrees of freedom [df] = 1, p < 0.001). Among HIV-infected women, privileged circumstances for disclosure were just before delivery, during early weaning (at 4 mo to prevent HIV postnatal transmission), or upon resumption of sexual activity. Formula feeding by HIV-infected women increased the probability of disclosure (adjusted odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.27, Wald test = 4.649, df = 1, p = 0.031), whereas household factors such as having a co-spouse or living with family reduced the probability of disclosure. The proportion of male partners tested for HIV was 23.1% among HIV-positive women and 14.8% among HIV-negative women (chi(2) = 10.04, df = 1, p = 0.002). Partners of HIV-positive women who were informed of their wife's HIV status were more likely to undertake HIV testing than those not informed (37.7% versus 10.5%, chi(2) = 56.36, df = 1, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In PMTCT programmes, specific psychosocial counselling and support should be provided to women during the key moments of disclosure of HIV status to their partners (end of pregnancy, weaning, and resumption of sexual activity). This support could contribute to improving women's adherence to the advice given to prevent postnatal and sexual HIV transmission.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. HIV and induced abortion among migrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in Île-de-France: Results of the PARCOURS study

Author

Flávia B. Pilecco, Andrainolo Ravalihasy, Agnès Guillaume, and Annabel Desgrées du Loû

Subjects
Induced abortion, HIV, Migrants, Intended pregnancy, Mistimed pregnancy, Unwanted pregnancy, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration, JV1-9480
Abstract

Introduction: HIV heavily affects sub-Saharan African women living in France and can impact reproductive decisions. It was investigated whether HIV was associated with induced abortion in pregnancies held after migration by women from sub-Saharan Africa living in Île-de-France. Methods: We used data on ANRS Parcours, a retrospective life event survey conducted in health facilities in the metropolitan region of Paris, between February 2012 and May 2013, with migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Data on the history of pregnancies were collected among women living with HIV (HIV group) and those attending primary care centers (reference group). We investigated 242 women in the reference group, who had 729 pregnancies, and the 277 women in the HIV group, who had 580 pregnancies. The association between abortion and HIV was evaluated using clustered logistic models, successively adjusted for women and pregnancy characteristics, for the whole sample, and stratified by pregnancy intendedness. Results: In the reference group, 11.0 % of pregnancies were terminated in abortion, the same situation as 14.1 % in the HIV group (p = 0.124). HIV was not associated with abortion in the crude and adjusted models. However, after adjustments, HIV exhibited a non-significant trend towards reducing the likelihood of abortion, particularly when considering the intendedness of pregnancy variable. Conclusions: Factors that shape the overall context of women's lives and pregnancies, which are shared with the reference group, may have a more significant impact on reproductive decision-making than HIV alone. Health services must pay attention to the intendedness of pregnancies, providing advice and support on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission to women living with HIV who intend to become pregnant, in addition to strengthening the provision of family planning and the prevention of unintended pregnancies.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Empowerment-based support program for vulnerable populations living with diabetes, obesity or high blood pressure: a scoping review

Author

Julia Eïd and Annabel Desgrées du Loû

Subjects
Diabetes mellitus, Obesity, Hypertension, Patient education, Population health management, Vulnerable populations, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background The management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure is a major global health challenge, particularly among the most disadvantaged populations. Beyond the biomedical management of these diseases, comprehensive support that takes into account the peoples’ economic and social situation is fundamental. The objective of this scoping review is to create an inventory and an analysis of the different types of support for these chronic diseases among disadvantaged, immigrant or minority populations to contribute to a better definition and characterization of what should be global support for these vulnerable populations suffering from these diseases. Methods A search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Sages Journals and Web of Science was conducted (between March and May 2021) for articles published between January 2000 and May 2021. Articles were selected after screening titles, abstracts and full texts according to our 5 inclusion criteria. Results We included 16 articles. The diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure support programs described in these articles operate to improve physical and mental health and access to care. The approaches of these interventions are focused on the training and participation of people and the implementation of support actions adapted to the person. The majority of these interventions have a real attachment to the community. Conclusions This review of the literature shows that support for people with chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity or high blood pressure is based on three pillars: empowerment, peer mediation and holistic and tailor-made support for the individual. The empowerment approach, which considers the capacities and resources of individuals and whose goal is to strengthen their ability to act on their health, appears to be entirely suited to the support of these chronic diseases. This review underlines the importance of moving away from a biomedical approach to a holistic approach truly focused on the person, their capacities and their needs.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Telephone peer recruitment and interviewing during a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey: feasibility and field experience from the first phone-based RDS survey among men who have sex with men in Côte d’Ivoire

Author

Maxime Inghels, Arsène Kra Kouassi, Serge Niangoran, Anne Bekelynck, Séverine Carillon, Lazare Sika, Mariatou Koné, Christine Danel, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Joseph Larmarange, and for the research team ANRS 12323 DOD-CI

Subjects
Phone-based survey, Respondent-driven sampling, Men who have sex with men, Côte d’Ivoire, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Many respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodologies have been employed to investigate hard-to-reach populations; however, these methodologies present some limits. We describe a minimally investigated RDS methodology in which peer recruitment and interviewing are phone-based. The feasibility of the methodology, field experiences, validity of RDS assumptions and characteristics of the sample obtained are discussed. Methods We conducted a phone-based RDS survey among men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 18 or above and living in Côte d’Ivoire. Eight initial MSM across Côte d’Ivoire were selected. Participants were asked to call a hotline to be registered and interviewed by phone. After the participants completed the questionnaire, they were asked to recruit a maximum of 3 MSM from their acquaintances. Results During the 9 months of the survey, 576 individuals called the hotline, and 518 MSM completed the questionnaire. The median delay between the invitation to participate and the completion of the questionnaire by peer-recruited MSM was 4 days [IQR: 1–12]. The recruitment process was not constant, with high variation in the number of people who called the hotline during the survey period. RDS chain convergence to equilibrium was reached within 6 waves for most of the selected variables. For the network size estimation assumption, participants who incorrectly estimated their network size were observed. Regarding the sample obtained, MSM were recruited from all the regions of Côte d’Ivoire with frequent interregional recruitment; 23.5% of MSM were recruited by someone who does not live in the same region. Compared to the MSM who participated in two other surveys in Côte d’Ivoire, the MSM in our sample were less likely to know about an MSM non-governmental organisation. However, MSM aged 30 years old and above and those with a low level of education were underrepresented in our sample. Conclusion We show that phone-based RDS surveys among MSM are feasible in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. Compared to other classical RDS survey methodologies, the phone-based RDS methodology seems to reduce selection bias based on geography and proximity with the MSM community. However, similar to other methodologies, phone-based RDS fails to reach older and less-educated MSM.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Participatory development and pilot testing of the Makasi intervention: a community-based outreach intervention to improve sub-Saharan and Caribbean immigrants’ empowerment in sexual health

Author

Anne Gosselin, Séverine Carillon, Karna Coulibaly, Valéry Ridde, Corinne Taéron, Veroska Kohou, Iris Zouménou, Romain Mbiribindi, Nicolas Derche, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, and for the MAKASI Study Group

Subjects
Migrants, Sexual health, Empowerment, Intervention, Community-based research, Sub-Saharan Africa, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan and Caribbean immigrants are particularly affected by HIV in Europe, and recent evidence shows that a large portion of them acquired HIV after arrival. There is a need for efficient interventions that can reduce immigrants’ exposure to HIV. We describe the pilot phase of a community-based empowerment outreach intervention among sub-Saharan and Caribbean immigrants in the greater Paris area aimed at 1) constructing the intervention, 2) assessing its feasibility, and 3) assessing the feasibility of its evaluation based on a stepped-wedge approach. Methods 1) To develop the intervention, a literature review was conducted on existing interventions and participatory approaches developed, including the constitution of peer groups. 2) To assess the intervention’s feasibility, a pilot was conducted between April 2018 and December 2018. A daily register was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics of all persons who visited the mobile team to assess eligibility and acceptability. 3) To assess the feasibility of performing a stepped-wedge trial to evaluate the intervention, we compared eligibility, enrolment and retention at 3 months in two arms (immediate vs deferred). Chi-squared tests were used to compare reach and retention between the two arms. Results Intervention development. The Makasi intervention was designed as an outreach intervention that starts with the persons’ capacities and helps them appropriate existing resources and information and obtain knowledge about sexual health, based upon motivational interviewing techniques. Intervention Feasibility . Between April 2018 and December 2018, a total of 485 persons were identified as eligible. Participation in the intervention was proposed to 79% of eligible persons. When proposed, the persons enrolled in the intervention with a response rate of 69%. Some were lost to follow-up, and 188 persons were finally included. Evaluation Feasibility. The proportions of eligible (45 and 42%) individuals and of enrolled individuals (65 and 74%) were similar and not significantly different in the immediate and deferred arms, respectively. Conclusions A community-based outreach intervention aimed at improving sub-Saharan and Caribbean immigrants’ empowerment in sexual health is feasible. The pilot phase was key to identifying challenges, designing a relevant intervention and validating the stepped-wedge protocol for evaluation.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Immigrants facing Covid 19 containment in France : An ordinary hardship of disaffiliation

Author

Séverine Carillon, Anne Gosselin, Karna Coulibaly, Valéry Ridde, and Annabel Desgrées du Loû

Subjects
Containment, Immigrants, Precariousness, Qualitative, Disaffiliation, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration, JV1-9480
Abstract

In order to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the majority of governments have introduced population containment. Certain population groups, including immigrants in precarious situations, are experiencing the impact of this measure in a brutal manner. This article is based on accounts of containment experiences collected by telephone within the framework of a pre-existing intervention research carried out among immigrants to France from Sub-Saharan Africa who are in a precarious situation. It highlights certain social effects of containment and the logics at work in the precarious situations. This research shows how this a priori unprecedented situation affects individual capacities to act and generates a ‘disaffiliation process’ causing individuals to shift towards ‘social non-existence’, repeating lived experiences and exacerbating pre-existing logics. The ordeal of containment proves to be an ordinary experience for these individuals.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Action to protect the independence and integrity of global health research

Author

David Sanders, Lu Gram, Benjamin Tsofa, Johanne Sundby, Tolib Mirzoev, Kristine Bærøe, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Ejemai Eboreime, Valéry Ridde, Kristine Husøy Onarheim, Emily Mendenhall, Vladimir S Gordeev, Tanya Doherty, Stephen Taylor, David Peters, Shariful Islam, Madhukar Pai, Elysée Nouvet, Francesca L Cavallaro, Shafiu Mohammed, Sassy Molyneux, Karl Blanchet, Janice E Graham, Kayvan Bozorgmehr, David McCoy, Joel Lexchin, Anna-Karin Hurtig, Asha George, Rachel Chapman, Loveday Penn-Kekana, Katerini T Storeng, Dina Balabanova, Veronique Filippi, Sidsel Roalkvam, Grace Akello, Melissa Parker, Jennifer Palmer, Ibukun Abejirinde, Babatope Adebiyi, Clara Affun-Adegbulu, Jhon Álvarez Ahlgren, Ayesha Ahmad, Sameh Al-Awlaqi, Zongo Aloys, Gianna Gayle Amul, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Akeza Awealom Asgedom, Bouchra Assarag, Nicole Atchessi, Salla Atkins, Okikiolu Badejo, Bailah Molleh, Alessandra Bazzano, Dominique P Béhague, Uli Beisel, Loubna Belaid, Sarah Bernays, Shafi Bhuiyan, Olivia Biermann, Harriet Birungi, Astrid Blystad, Oriane Bodson, Emmanuel Bonnet, Shibaji Bose, Michelle Brear, Rochelle Burgess, Jens Byskov, Séverine Carillon, Sophie Chabeda, Clare Chandler, Francis F Chikuse, Juliana Iwu Chinwe, Beniamino Cislaghi, Svea Closser, Christopher J Colvin, Jenny Cresswell, Fabiana da Cunha Saddi, Judith Daire, Sarah Dalglish, Vincent de Brouwere, Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan, Thérèse Delvaux, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Brahima A Diallo, Aïssa Diarra, Justin Dixon, Alexandre Dumont, Beth Engelbrecht, Susan Erikson, Adama Faye, Sara Fischer, Florence Fournet, Ashley M Fox, Joel Msafiri Francis, Lara Gautier, Lucy Gilson, Sarah Gimbel, Jeff Glenn, Unni Gopinathan, Christoph Gradmann, Giulia Greco, Karen Grepin, Anne Guichard, Pragya Tiwari Gupta, Viveka Guzman, Marte E S Haaland, Anna Häggblom, Amy Hagopian, Karin Hammarberg, Pascal Handschumacher, Katrina Hann, Marie Hasselberg, Natasha Howard, Sameera Hussain, Eleanor Hutchinson, Ezirim Idoteyin, Jennifer J Infanti, Rachel Irwin, Taufique Joarder, Preethi John, Ermel Johnson, Mira Johri, Judith Justice, Charles Kaboré, Kadidiatou Kadio, Matthieu Kamwa, Ann H Kelly, Nora Kenworthy, Sonja Kittelsen, Maren Olene Kloster, Emily Kocsis, Pratap Kumar, Arush Lal, Isabelle Lange, Heather Lanthorn, Frederic Le Marcis, Shelley Lees, Ann Louise Lie, Gojjam Limenih, Isabel Litwin-Davies, Charles Clarke Lodda, Knut Lönnroth, John Manton, Anatole Manzi, Mehr Manzoor, Robert Marten, Mitsuaki Matsui, Allan Mbewe, Esther Mc Sween-Cadieux, Linsey McGoey, Desmond McNeill, Claudio A Méndez, Karen Marie Moland, Zubia Mumtaz, Susan Fairley Murray, Devaki Nambiar, Erica Nelson, Claudia Nieto-Sanchez, Francis Obare, Vincent Okungu, Marit Tolo Østebø, Fatoumata Ouattara, Sachiko Ozawa, Ligia Paina, Rakesh Parashar, Elisabeth Paul, Koen Peeters, Cédric Pennetier, James Pfeiffer, Hanneke Pot, N S Prashanth, Robyn Preston, Antoine de Bengy Puyvallee, Annisa Rahmalia, Simon Reid-Henry, Daniela C Rodríguez, Maya Ronse, Emma Sacks, Oumar Mallé Samb, Eric Sarriot, Inger Brummenæs Scheel, Thomas Schwarz, Kerry Scott, Janet Seeley, Nadine Seward, Geordan Shannon, Jessica Shearer, Katharine Shelley, Kenneth Sherr, Jeremey Shiffman, Frédéric Simard, Neha S Singh, Werner Soors, Rusla Anne Springer, Adrienne Strong, Moses Tetui, Stephanie M Topp, Anne-Marie Turcotte-Tremblay, Chi-Chi Undie, Sara Van Belle, Godelieve Van Heteren, André Janse van Rensburg, Veena Sriram, Sridhar Venkatapuram, Bradley H Wagenaar, Lauren Wallace, David R Walugembe, Oghenebrume Wariri, Alan OBE Whiteside, Bereket Yakob, Scholastica Zakayo, Tony Zitti, and Anthony Zwi

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Les migrants subsahariens face à la précarité résidentielle et administrative à l’arrivée en France : l’enquête ANRS Parcours

Author

Anne Gosselin, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, and Julie Pannetier

Subjects
HIV, AIDS, migrants, residential precariousness, administrative precariousness, Parcours survey, Social Sciences
Abstract

Les personnes nées en Afrique subsaharienne constituent en France l’une des populations les plus touchées par l’hépatite B et par l’infection VIH. Pour ajuster les stratégies de santé publique aux besoins propres de ces migrants, il est nécessaire de mieux comprendre ce qui accroît leur vulnérabilité face à ces infections, en particulier les expériences de précarité qui peuvent accompagner l’installation en France. Si la précarité des migrants est souvent évoquée, celle-ci est en réalité relativement mal mesurée ; en particulier la fréquence des précarités et leur place dans la trajectoire individuelle sont mal connues.Afin d’étudier comment les trajectoires de santé, les trajectoires sociales, familiales, migratoires et administratives s’entrecroisent et se construisent les unes par rapport aux autres parmi les Africains vivant en France, une enquête a été menée en 2012-2013 en Île-de-France, l’enquête Parcours pour « Parcours de vie, VIH et hépatite B chez les migrants subsahariens vivant en Île-de-France ». Cette enquête biographique, réalisée dans 70 services de santé, est la première en France à utiliser la méthode de collecte biographique démographique pour des recherches dans le champ de la santé, en impliquant des professionnels de santé.Nous présentons ici la méthodologie et la collecte de l’enquête Parcours et nous discutons des leçons tirées de cette expérience d’une enquête biographique en structures de santé et auprès de migrants. Puis nous présentons comment deux types de précarité vécues en France, la précarité résidentielle et la précarité administrative, ont été caractérisées sur l’ensemble des trajectoires biographiques. Enfin nous estimons le niveau de ces précarités lors de l’arrivée en France, leur évolution au long du séjour en France et leurs déterminants.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. The MAKASI empowerment randomized intervention and depression and loneliness among sub-Saharan immigrants living in the greater Paris area

Author

Bianca Goncalves Tasca, Marwân-al-Qays Bousmah, Karna Coulibaly, Anne Gosselin, Andrainolo Ravalihasy, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, and Maria Melchior

Abstract

Purpose The MAKASI intervention aimed to empower sub-Saharan African immigrants living in precarious situations in the Paris metropolitan area. Because there are factors specifically related to immigration that may increase the risk for common mental disorders, the present study aimed to examine participants' levels of depression and loneliness and analyze the effect of the intervention on depression and loneliness. Methods The MAKASI study was designed as a stepped-wedge randomized intervention trial. Study participants were recruited through an outreach program led by a nongovernmental organization and randomly assigned to two groups, with an intervention delay of three months between groups. Both groups were assessed for six months after inclusion and the effect of the intervention on depression and loneliness was assessed using generalized linear mixed models. The study was conducted from 2018 to 2021 and we took in consideration whether being interviewed during one of the Covid-19 confinement had an effect on the results. Results A total of 821 subjects participated in the Makasi study. High levels of depression and loneliness were found in the study population. We found no effect of the intervention on depression [95%CI 0.77 to 2.40]. Similarly, no effect of the intervention was found on loneliness [95%CI 0.87 to 2.54]. Conclusions The intervention we tested did not appear to improve the level of depression and loneliness among participants. However, the high prevalence of mental and emotional problems in the study population suggests a public health crisis among immigrants in the greater Paris area. Clinical Trial Registration Number: Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04468724 (July 13, 2020)

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Moderation of the association between COVID-19-related income loss and depression by receipt of financial support : Repeated cross-sectional surveys of young adults in Canada and France (2020–2021)

Author

Pierre-julien Coulaud, Travis Salway, Julie Jesson, Naseeb Bolduc, Olivier Ferlatte, Karine Bertrand, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Emily Jenkins, Marie Jauffret-Roustide, Rod Knight, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control [Vancouver] (BCCDC), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Santé, vulnérabilités et relations de genre au sud (SAGESUD - ERL Inserm U1244), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Financial support, Health (social science), Depression, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Young adults
Abstract

International audience; BackgroundTo mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial resources, governments and family/friends mobilized financial support interventions (e.g., emergency aid funds) and assistance. However, little is known about how financial assistance alleviated mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of financial support from the government or from family/friends on the association between income loss and depression among young adults.MethodsTwo online cross-sectional surveys among young adults ages 18–29 living in Canada and France were conducted in 2020 (n = 4,511) and 2021 (n = 3,329). Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (cut-off score: ≥10). Two logistic regression models were performed for each survey with an interaction term between income loss and financial support (government or family/friends modeled separately), controlling for demographics.ResultsOverall, half reported depressive symptoms (2020/2021: 53.5%/45.6%), and over a third lost income (2020/2021: 10.2%/11.6% all income, 37.7%/21.6% some income). In 2020, 40.6% received government financial support (17.7% in 2021) while family/friends support was received by 12% (in both surveys). In both surveys, among those who received governmental financial support, income loss was associated with depression, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) 1.75, 95% Confidence Interval [1.29–2.44]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.45 [1.17–1.81]). However, among those who received family/friends financial support, income loss was no longer significantly associated with depression in both cycles, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.37 [0.78–2.40]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.31 [0.86–1.99]).ConclusionsAssociation between income loss and depression was moderated by receipt of family/friends financial support but not by receipt of government financial support. Financial support interventions may help to mitigate the negative effects of income loss on young adults mental health during periods of economic crisis.Keywords: Young adults; COVID-19; Financial support; Depression

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Healthcare system resilience in Bangladesh and Haiti in times of global changes (climate-related events, migration and Covid-19): an interdisciplinary mixed method research protocol

Author

Lucie, Clech, Sofia, Meister, Maeva, Belloiseau, Tarik, Benmarhnia, Emmanuel, Bonnet, Alain, Casseus, Patrick, Cloos, Christian, Dagenais, Manuela, De Allegri, Annabel Desgrées, du Loû, Lucas, Franceschin, Jean-Marc, Goudet, Daniel, Henrys, Dominique, Mathon, Mowtushi, Matin, Ludovic, Queuille, Malabika, Sarker, Charlotte Paillard, Turenne, Valéry, Ridde, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), École Supérieure d'Infotronique d'Haïti (ESIH), Centre de Recherche Sur les Enjeux Contemporains en Sante Publique (CRESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Heidelberg University, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), BRAC University, World Bank Group, Malbec, Odile, and MOPGA

Subjects
Bangladesh, Mixed-methods, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Healthcare systems resilience, Haiti, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Research Design, Humans, Climate change, Covid-19, Delivery of Health Care, Pandemics, Global change, Migration
Abstract

International audience; Background: Since climate change, pandemics and population mobility are challenging healthcare systems, an empirical and integrative research to studying and help improving the health systems resilience is needed. We present an interdisciplinary and mixed-methods research protocol, ClimHB, focusing on vulnerable localities in Bangladesh and Haiti, two countries highly sensitive to global changes. We develop a protocol studying the resilience of the healthcare system at multiple levels in the context of climate change and variability, population mobility and the Covid-19 pandemic, both from an institutional and community perspective. Methods: The conceptual framework designed is based on a combination of Levesque's Health Access Framework and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office's Resilience Framework to address both outputs and the processes of resilience of healthcare systems. It uses a mixed-method sequential exploratory research design combining multi-sites and longitudinal approaches. Forty clusters spread over four sites will be studied to understand the importance of context, involving more than 40 healthcare service providers and 2000 households to be surveyed. We will collect primary data through questionnaires, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, focus groups and participatory filming. We will also use secondary data on environmental events sensitive to climate change and potential health risks, healthcare providers' functioning and organisation. Statistical analyses will include event-history analyses, development of composite indices, multilevel modelling and spatial analyses. Discussion: This research will generate inter-disciplinary evidence and thus, through knowledge transfer activities, contribute to research on low and middle-income countries (LMIC) health systems and global changes and will better inform decision-makers and populations.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Migrant status, ethnicity and COVID-19: more accurate European data are greatly needed

Author

Maria Melchior, Jay S. Kaufman, Joanna Merckx, A. Gosselin, Geetanjali D. Datta, Mabel Carabali, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), Santé, vulnérabilités et relations de genre au sud (SAGESUD - ERL Inserm U1244), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), MESH: Transients and Migrants, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, MEDLINE, Ethnic group, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Transients and Migrants, MESH: Humans, COVID-19, General Medicine, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Europe, Geography, Infectious Diseases, Commentary, MESH: Europe
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Telephone peer recruitment and interviewing during a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey: feasibility and field experience from the first phone-based RDS survey among men who have sex with men in Côte d'Ivoire

Author

Christine Danel, Séverine Carillon, Anne Bekelynck, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Joseph Larmarange, Arsène Kra Kouassi, Lazare Sika, Maxime Inghels, Serge Niangoran, Mariatou Koné, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Santé, vulnérabilités et relations de genre au sud (SAGESUD - ERL Inserm U1244), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Lincoln, Programme PAC-CI, ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, Ecole nationale supérieure de statistique et d'économie appliquée [Abidjan] (ENSEA), Institut d'Ethno-Sociologie (IES), and Département de sociologie

Subjects
Adult, Male, Côte d'Ivoire, Respondent-driven sampling, Interview, Epidemiology, G311 Medical Statistics, media_common.quotation_subject, HIV Infections, Health Informatics, Context (language use), Sample (statistics), Men who have sex with men, Sexual and Gender Minorities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, G310 Applied Statistics, Phone, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Homosexuality, Male, media_common, Selection bias, lcsh:R5-920, 030505 public health, Hotline, Côte d’Ivoire, Phone-based survey, Telephone, H123 Public Health Engineering, Cote d'Ivoire, Respondent, Feasibility Studies, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, lcsh:Medicine (General), 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Research Article, Demography
Abstract

Background Many respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodologies have been employed to investigate hard-to-reach populations; however, these methodologies present some limits. We describe a minimally investigated RDS methodology in which peer recruitment and interviewing are phone-based. The feasibility of the methodology, field experiences, validity of RDS assumptions and characteristics of the sample obtained are discussed. Methods We conducted a phone-based RDS survey among men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 18 or above and living in Côte d’Ivoire. Eight initial MSM across Côte d’Ivoire were selected. Participants were asked to call a hotline to be registered and interviewed by phone. After the participants completed the questionnaire, they were asked to recruit a maximum of 3 MSM from their acquaintances. Results During the 9 months of the survey, 576 individuals called the hotline, and 518 MSM completed the questionnaire. The median delay between the invitation to participate and the completion of the questionnaire by peer-recruited MSM was 4 days [IQR: 1–12]. The recruitment process was not constant, with high variation in the number of people who called the hotline during the survey period. RDS chain convergence to equilibrium was reached within 6 waves for most of the selected variables. For the network size estimation assumption, participants who incorrectly estimated their network size were observed. Regarding the sample obtained, MSM were recruited from all the regions of Côte d’Ivoire with frequent interregional recruitment; 23.5% of MSM were recruited by someone who does not live in the same region. Compared to the MSM who participated in two other surveys in Côte d’Ivoire, the MSM in our sample were less likely to know about an MSM non-governmental organisation. However, MSM aged 30 years old and above and those with a low level of education were underrepresented in our sample. Conclusion We show that phone-based RDS surveys among MSM are feasible in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. Compared to other classical RDS survey methodologies, the phone-based RDS methodology seems to reduce selection bias based on geography and proximity with the MSM community. However, similar to other methodologies, phone-based RDS fails to reach older and less-educated MSM.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Practices and Obstacles to Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) Among Healthcare Providers in Cote d'Ivoire

Author

Christine Danel, Joseph Larmarange, Lazare Sika, Arsène Kra Kouassi, Anne Bekelynck, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Maxime Inghels, Séverine Carillon, Mariatou Koné, Serge Niangoran, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Santé, vulnérabilités et relations de genre au sud (SAGESUD - ERL Inserm U1244), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Programme PAC-CI, ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA), Institut d'Ethno-Sociologie (IES), Département de sociologie, ANRS 12323, Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le VIH/Sida, and Sidaction

Subjects
Counseling, medicine.medical_specialty, Social Psychology, G311 Medical Statistics, Health Personnel, 030231 tropical medicine, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Cote d ivoire, HIV Infections, Hiv testing, Provider initiated testing and counselling, medicine.disease_cause, IDLIC, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Original Paper, business.industry, Public health, Côte d’Ivoire, Phone-based survey, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health personnel, 3. Good health, Test (assessment), HIV testing, H123 Public Health Engineering, Health psychology, Infectious Diseases, Cote d'Ivoire, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Ordered logit, business, Healthcare providers
Abstract

International audience; Practices of Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) remains suboptimal in Côte d’Ivoire. The aim of this survey was to identify the practices and obstacles to PITC among healthcare professionals in Côte d'Ivoire. A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018 by telephone among three separate samples of midwives, nurses and physicians practicing in Côte d'Ivoire. The number of HIV tests proposed during consultation in the month preceding the survey was collected for each professional. Factors associated with the number of proposed tests were identified through ordinal logistic regression models. A total of 298 midwives, 308 nurses and 289 physicians were interviewed. Midwives proposed the test more frequently, followed by nurses and physicians. Among midwives, a higher number of proposed tests was associated with the perception that HIV testing does not require specific consent compared to other diseases (aOR 4.00 [95% CI 1.37–14.29]). Among nurses, having received HIV training and the presence of community HIV counselors were associated with a higher number of proposed tests (aOR 2.01 [1.31–3.09] and aOR 1.75 [1.14–2.70], respectively). For physicians, the presence of a voluntary testing center was associated with a higher number of proposed tests (aOR 1.69 [1.01–2.86]). PITC practices and barriers differed across professions. Beyond improving environmental opportunities such as dedicated staff or services, strengthening the motivations and capabilities of healthcare professionals to propose testing could improve PITC coverage.; Las prácticas de Asesoramiento y Pruebas de VIH Iniciadas por el Proveedor (APIP) siguen siendo subóptimas en Côte d'Ivoire. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las prácticas y los obstáculos a las APIP entre los profesionales de la salud en Côte d'Ivoire. En 2018 se llevó a cabo una encuesta transversal representativa a nivel nacional por teléfono entre tres muestras separadas de parteras, enfermeras y médicos que ejercen en Côte d'Ivoire. Se recogió para cada profesional el número de pruebas de VIH propuestas durante la consulta en el mes anterior a la encuesta. Los factores asociados con el número de pruebas propuestas se identificaron mediante modelos ordinales de regresión logística. Se entrevistó a un total de 298 parteras, 308 enfermeras y 289 médicos. Las parteras propusieron la prueba con mayor frecuencia, seguidas de las enfermeras y los médicos. Entre las parteras, un mayor número de pruebas propuestas se asoció a la percepción de que la prueba del VIH no requiere un consentimiento específico en comparación con otras enfermedades (aOR 4,00 [IC del 95%: 1,37-14,29]). Entre las enfermeras, el haber recibido capacitación sobre el VIH y la presencia de consejeros comunitarios sobre el VIH se asociaron con un mayor número de pruebas propuestas (aOR 2,01 [1,31-3,09] y aOR 1,75 [1,14-2,70], respectivamente). Para los médicos, la presencia de un centro de pruebas voluntarias se asoció con un mayor número de pruebas propuestas (aOR 1,69 [1,01-2,86]). Las prácticas y barreras del APIP difieren entre las profesiones. Más allá de mejorar las oportunidades del entorno, como el personal o los servicios dedicados, el fortalecimiento de las motivaciones y capacidades de los profesionales de la salud para proponer pruebas podría mejorar la cobertura del APIP.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Immigrants facing Covid 19 containment in France : An ordinary hardship of disaffiliation

Author

Karna Coulibaly, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Valéry Ridde, Séverine Carillon, Anne Gosselin, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale [iPLesp] (ERES), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and HAL-SU, Gestionnaire

Subjects
SOCIAL_PRECARIOUSNESS, Health (social science), Sociology and Political Science, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, media_common.quotation_subject, Immigration, Population, EPIDEMICS, lcsh:Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration, FRANCE, IRREGULAR_MIGRANTS, Trial by ordeal, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Order (exchange), Political science, Immigrants, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Demography, media_common, education.field_of_study, 030505 public health, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Lived experience, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Disaffiliation, lcsh:RA1-1270, Containment, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Work (electrical), [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Political economy, lcsh:JV1-9480, Precariousness, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 0305 other medical science, Qualitative
Abstract

Highlights • The precarious immigrant population is often invisible because it is at the interstices of care devices and, in the current epidemic context, isolation facilities. • Confinement affects individuals' abilities to act, and generates a "disaffiliation process" to placing this precarious immigrant population even more on the margins of society. • Covid-19 crisis exacerbates pre-existing difficulties, generating not so new situations for these precarious immigrant population. • Need to formulate specifics interventions : targeted outreach intervention, participatory approach and deliberative spaces ; promote health promotion intervention; right based intervention., In order to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the majority of governments have introduced population containment. Certain population groups, including immigrants in precarious situations, are experiencing the impact of this measure in a brutal manner. This article is based on accounts of containment experiences collected by telephone within the framework of a pre-existing intervention research carried out among immigrants to France from Sub-Saharan Africa who are in a precarious situation. It highlights certain social effects of containment and the logics at work in the precarious situations. This research shows how this a priori unprecedented situation affects individual capacities to act and generates a ‘disaffiliation process’ causing individuals to shift towards ‘social non-existence’, repeating lived experiences and exacerbating pre-existing logics. The ordeal of containment proves to be an ordinary experience for these individuals.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Deterioration of mental health and insufficient Covid-19 information among disadvantaged immigrants in the greater Paris area

Author

Iris Zoumenou, Veroska Kohou, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Maria Melchior, Anne Gosselin, Valéry Ridde, Flore Gubert, Jean-Noël Senne, Séverine Carillon, ERES (ERES), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Développement, institutions et analyses de long terme (DIAL), Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine (LEDa), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Arcat, Afrique Avenir, Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), Administrateur, Paris Dauphine-PSL, and Université de Paris - - Université de Paris2018 - ANR-18-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID

Subjects
Adult, Male, Paris, Social epidemiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Immigration, Population, I.I1.I18, Emigrants and Immigrants, Vulnerable Populations, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I18 - Government Policy • Regulation • Public Health, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Immigrants, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Africa South of the Sahara, Depression (differential diagnoses), media_common, education.field_of_study, Consumer Health Information, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], Mental Disorders, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O15 - Human Resources • Human Development • Income Distribution • Migration, Mental health, [QFIN] Quantitative Finance [q-fin], Lockdown/containment, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I1 - Health/I.I1.I12 - Health Behavior, Disadvantaged, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Quarantine, Cohort, Female, Covid-19, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract

International audience; Objectives : The aim of this study is to provide information on changes in mental health among disadvantaged immigrants from Sub-Saharan Africa in the Greater Paris area and their level of information about Covid-19.MethodsPrior to the Covid-19 epidemic, the Makasi community-based cohort followed 850 immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa in the Greater Paris area. Between the 1st of April and the 7th of June 2020, all participants scheduled for a follow-up survey were systematically included into an additional COVID-19-related wave of data collection (N = 100). We compared participants' type of housing, level of food insecurity, work and mental health (PHQ9) before and during the first COVID-19-related lockdown, using paired-Mc Nemar chi-2 tests. We next described their level of information on Covid-19 and policy measures, broken down by sex.ResultsAmong the 100 participants, 68% had no legal residence permit. Food insecurity was more often reported during lockdown than before (62% vs 52%). 9% of participants had a score indicative of severe depression (PHQ9) before lockdown and 17% afterwards (p = 0.17). Only 51% knew about the possibility of asymptomatic transmission of the COVID-19 virus. Conclusions : This study brings original information on a hard-to-reach population group. Our results suggest that the lockdown had a detrimental impact on various economic and mental health aspects among disadvantaged migrants residing in the Greater Paris area.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Mental health of sub-saharan african migrants: The gendered role of migration paths and transnational ties

Author

Julie Pannetier, France Lert, Marie Jauffret Roustide, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CERMES3 - Centre de recherche Médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société (CERMES3 - UMR 8211 / U988 / UM 7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Health (social science), Sub saharan, African migrants, Sub-Saharan, Context (language use), Article, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 5. Gender equality, Health care, medicine, Sub-Saharan African migrants, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sociology, Social determinants of health, lcsh:Social sciences (General), 10. No inequality, Socioeconomics, 030505 public health, business.industry, Health Policy, Transnational ties, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Social environment, Migration path, Gender, lcsh:RA1-1270, Mental health, Metropolitan area, 3. Good health, Anxiety, lcsh:H1-99, France, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography
Abstract

In Europe, migrants are at higher risk of common mental disorders or psychological distress than are natives. Little is known regarding the social determinants of migrant mental health, particularly the roles played by migration conditions and transnational practices, which may manifest themselves in different ways for men and for women. The goal of this paper was to understand the gendered roles of migration paths and transnational ties in mental health among sub-Saharan African migrants residing in the Paris, France, metropolitan area. This study used data from the Parcours study conducted in 2012–2013, which employed a life-event approach to collect data from a representative sample of migrants who visited healthcare facilities (n = 2468). We measured anxiety and depressive symptoms at the time of data collection with the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Reasons for migration, the living conditions in the host country and transnational ties after migration were taken into account by sex and after adjustment. Our study demonstrates that among sub-Saharan African migrants, mental health is related to the migratory path and the migrant’s situation in the host country but differently for women and men. Among women, anxiety and depressive symptoms were strongly related to having left one’s home country because of threats to one’s life. Among men, residing illegally in the host country was related to impaired mental health. For both women and men, cross-border separation from a child less than 18 years old was not independently associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. In addition, social and emotional support from relatives and friends—both from the society of origin and of destination—were associated with lower anxiety and depressive symptoms. Migrant mental health may be impaired in the current context of anti-migrant policies and an anti-immigrant social environment in Europe., Highlights • Mental health is linked to the migration path, but differently for women and men. • Leaving their country because of life threats impairs women’s mental health. • Residing illegally in a host country impairs men’s mental health. • Local and transnational ties reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Sex Transm Dis

Author

Arsène Kra Kouassi, Joseph Larmarange, Lazare Sika, Christine Danel, Maxime Inghels, Anne Bekelynck, Serge Niangoran, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Séverine Carillon, Mariatou Koné, Bordeaux population health (BPH), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Population, MEDLINE, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, HIV Infections, Dermatology, IDLIC, Life Change Events, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health care, Medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Marriage, Practice Patterns, Physicians', education, education.field_of_study, 030505 public health, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Attendance, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Test (assessment), Infectious Diseases, Cote d'Ivoire, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sexual Partners, Family medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract

Background Despite the implementation of Provider Initiated Testing and Counselling (PITC) in 2009, PITC coverage remains low in Cote d'Ivoire. The purpose of this study is to determine whether an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test was offered and performed at specific life events where PITC is recommended by national guidelines. Methods In 2017, a cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among a representative sample of 3,867 adults from the general population in Cote d'Ivoire. The occurrences of the following events over the past 5 years were documented: pregnancy (event A) or partner's pregnancy (event B) of the last child, sexually transmitted infection (event C) and marriage (event D). For each of these events, participants were asked (i) if they consulted a health care professional, (ii) if they were offered an HIV test during that consultation and (iii) if they accepted it. Results Consulting a health care provider was reported by 94.9%, 58.3%, 70.3% and 19.1% of those who reported events A, B, C and D respectively. In case of medical consultations following events A, B, C and D, respectively 70.1%, 33.1%, 28.1%, and 78.8% of individuals were offered an HIV test. The testing acceptance was high regardless of the event. Overall, testing coverage was 63.7%, 16.9%, 13.4% and 14.5% for events A, B, C and D respectively. Conclusions Increasing HIV testing coverage in Cote d'Ivoire requires (i) facilitating attendance to health services in case of sexually transmitted infections, marriage and pregnancy—for men—and (ii) strengthening routine testing offer on these occasions.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. When and why? Timing of post-migration HIV acquisition among sub-Saharan migrants in France

Author

Anne Gosselin, Andrainolo Ravalihasy, Julie Pannetier, France Lert, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale [iPLesp] (ERES), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de recherches sociologiques et politiques de Paris (CRESPPA), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PARCOURS Study Group: Desgrées du Loû, F Lert, R Dray Spira, N Bajos, N Lydié, J Pannetier, A Ravalihasy, A Gosselin, E Rodary, D Pourette, J Situ, P Revault, P Sogni, J Gelly, Y Le Strat, N Razafindratsima, and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université

Subjects
Adult, Male, Paris, Sub saharan, Time Factors, Adolescent, Epidemiology, EVENT_HISTORY_SURVEYS, 030231 tropical medicine, Emigrants and Immigrants, FRANCE, HIV Infections, Dermatology, Primary care, Logistic regression, IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN_IMMIGRATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective survey, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Health care, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hiv acquisition, Reference group, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, life-event history survey, Disease Management, virus diseases, social sciences, Middle Aged, PREVENTION, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, sub-saharan africa, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, population characteristics, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Settlement (litigation), Demography
Abstract

ObjectiveRecent studies highlighted that many HIV-positive migrants in Europe acquired their infections post-migration. However, the timing of these infections is not always known. This study aims to estimate the timing of post-migration HIV acquisition among sub-Saharan migrants in France and to understand the correlates of post-migration infection.MethodsWithin the PARCOURS retrospective survey conducted in 2012–2013 in 74 healthcare facilities in the Paris region, life-event data were collected among a random sample of 926 patients living with HIV in HIV services and 763 patients undiagnosed with HIV in primary care centres born in sub-Saharan Africa (reference group). Based on previous analysis, we considered the first 6 years in France after migration as a settlement period. Among the persons who acquired HIV after migration, we estimated the proportion of persons infected during settlement (0–6 years after migration) and after settlement (>6 years after migration) by using an algorithm that combines life-event data and a modelisation of CD4+T-cell count decline. We then assessed the determinants of HIV acquisition during settlement and after settlement using bivariate logistic regression models.ResultsOverall, 58% of sub-Saharan migrants who acquired HIV after migration were infected during the first 6 years in France. HIV acquisition during settlement was found to be linked to short/transactional partnerships and lack of a resident permit. 42% of migrants had contracted HIV after settlement. After settlement, HIV acquisition was associated with short/transactional but also with concurrent partnerships and not with social hardship.ConclusionTwo profiles of HIV post-migration acquisition emerged. The majority of HIV post-migration acquisition occurs during the settlement period: comprehensive combination prevention programmes among recently arrived migrants are needed. However, long-term migrants are also at risk for HIV through multiple partnerships. Prevention programmes should address the different profiles of migrants at risk for post-migration HIV acquisition.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Science et développement durable : 75 ans de recherche au Sud

Author

Marie-Lise Sabrié, Thomas Mourier, Corinne Lavagne, Thivent, V., Isabelle Guérin, François Roubaud, Christophe Guilmoto, Mireille Razafindrakoto, Marc Pilon, Isabelle LEGLISE, Pierre-Yves Le Meur, Fatoumata Ouattara, Christian Seignobos, Jean-Pierre Chauveau, Eric Léonard, Dominique Guillaud, Alain Froment, Nelly Robin, Michel Agier, Sophie Bava, Annabel Desgrées Du Loû, Flore Gubert, Eric Delaporte, Gonzague Jourdain, Alexandre Dumont, Serge Trèche, Jacques Berger, Pierre Traissac, Valérie Delaunay, Vincent Robert, Frédéric Darriet, Cheikh Sokhna, Michel Cot, Martine Peeters, Eric Leroy, Alice Desclaux, Jean-Marc Hougard, Didier Paugy, Michel Boussinesq, Philippe Solano, Dorothée Missé, Louis-Clément Gouagna, Jean-Loup Lemesre, Anne-Laure Bañuls, Menkès, Christophe E., Morgan Mangeas, Benjamin Sultan, Thomas Condom, Marielle Gosset, Serge Janicot, Jean Nocquet, Jean-Luc Le Pennec, Sébastien Hardy, Philippe Charvis, Yann Hello, Emmanuel Bonnet, Emilie Strady, David Point, Bernard Ollivier, Biegala, Isabelle C., Christian Feller, Christian Valentin, Eric Giraud, Eric Blanchart, Jean-Pierre Montoroi, Philippe Cecchi, Jean Albergel, Jean-Michel Vouillamoz, Vincent Simonneaux, Gilles Boulet, Thierry Ruf, Geneviève Michon, Jean-Baptiste Boutrais, Laure Emperaire, Robin Duponnois, Philippe Boulanger, Eugénie Hébrard, Valerie Verdier, Boris Szurek, Bruno Le Ru, Paul-André Calatayud, Olivier Dangles, Frédérique Aberlenc, Sevastianos Roussos, Gauthier Dobigny, Marc Legendre, Daniel Gaertner, Pierre Chavance, Pascal Bach, Arnaud Bertrand, Jérôme Vialard, Jacques Merle, Bruno Voituriez, Bernard Bourlès, Pierrick Penven, Thierry Lebel, Gil Mahe, Luc Descroix, Pierre Chevallier, Stéphane Calmant, Bruno Turcq, Adrien Favreau, Jean-Louis Rajot, Raphaël Pelissier, Philippe Cury, Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa, Hervé De Tricornot, Frédéric Simard, Jean-François Etard, Bernard Taverne, Florence Fournet, Alexis Drogoul, Marc Souris, Monique Simier, Marie Bonnin, Alain Ghesquière, Serge Hamon, Yves Vigouroux, Sophie Gonzalez, Jean-François Molino, Geneviève Bourdy, Christian Moretti, Pierre Ottino Garanger, Francisco Valdez, Benoît Antheaume, Nicolas Gratiot, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine (LEDa), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), Structure et Dynamique des Langues (SeDyL), Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR135-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement (GRED), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Régulations foncières, politiques publiques et logiques d'acteurs (REFO), Patrimoines locaux, Environnement et Globalisation (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'études africaines (CEAf), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Épidémiologie clinique, santé mère-enfant et VIH en Asie du Sud-Est (IRD_PHPT), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Chiang Mai university (Thaïlande), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds (NutriPass), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Du gène à l'écosystème (MIVEGEC-GeneSys), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UMR 215 Prodig (PRODIG), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-AgroParisTech, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Unité mixte internationale Résiliences (UMI RESILIENCES), Centre ivoirien de recherches économiques et sociales (CIRES)-Université de Cocody, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de gestion des entreprises -USJ (IGE), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France, Dynamiques environnementales entre forêt, agriculture et biodiversité : des pratiques locales sur la nature aux politiques de conservation, UMR - Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (UMR IPME), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes (LGDP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, Évolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), INRA - Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (Unité MIAJ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Caractérisation et valorisation de la diversité ichtyologique pour une aquaculture raisonnée (CAVIAR), UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique (CoReUS2), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Conditions et territoires d'émergence des maladies : dynamiques spatio-temporelles de l'émergence, évolution, diffusion/réduction des maladies, résistance et prémunition des hôtes (CTEM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes des Mondes Africains (CEMAf), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes RF (XLIM-SRF), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Prévention des malnutritions er des pathologies associées, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Centre IRD de Montpellier (IRD), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Géo-ingénierie et Développement (EGID), Carcinose Angiogenèse et Recherche Translationnelle, Angiogenese et recherche translationnelle (CART U965), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement urbain (URBI), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Asiatique de Recherche sur l'Eau CARE-HCMUT, Vietnam, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), Intitut de Recherche en Amazonie Péruvienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques (CAMELIA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyanne]), Lyonbiopôle, Centre de recherche rétrospective de Marseille (CRRM), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), IRSH, Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], Cultures et Sociétés en Europe (CSE), Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMI 2019, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR135, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)

Subjects
MONDE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Comment, depuis plusieurs décennies, la recherche scientifique contribue-t-elle au développement des pays du Sud ? À travers plus de 100 succès emblématiques de la recherche en partenariat, cet ouvrage nous plonge au coeur des grandes questions de développement : oeuvrer pour des sociétés plus justes, lutter contre les maladies, faire face aux risques naturels, mettre en place une agriculture durable garantissant la sécurité alimentaire, préserver la biodiversité, partager les savoirs... Il montre ainsi comment la recherche contribue à l'amélioration des conditions de vie et à la préservation de l'environnement dans les pays en développement, en soulignant le rôle de la science pour répondre aux défis du monde actuel et à venir. Composé de textes courts, didactiques et richement illustrés, il s'adresse à tous les publics.

Published
2019

25. Access to health insurance coverage among sub-Saharan African migrants living in France: Results of the ANRS-PARCOURS study

Author

Nicolas Vignier, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Julie Pannetier, Andrainolo Ravalihasy, Anne Gosselin, France Lert, Nathalie Lydié, Olivier Bouchaud, Rosemary Dray Spira, and PARCOURS Study Group

Subjects
Male, RNA viruses, Time Factors, Multivariate analysis, Economics, Gastroenterology and hepatology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Social Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Logistic regression, Health Services Accessibility, Geographical locations, AFRICAN_IMMIGRATION, Hepatitis, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunodeficiency Viruses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Global health, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, lcsh:Science, Transients and Migrants, Multidisciplinary, 030503 health policy & services, HIV diagnosis and management, Middle Aged, Hepatitis B, Europe, Infectious hepatitis, Geography, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viruses, Infectious diseases, Female, HEALTH, France, Pathogens, Behavioral and Social Aspects of Health, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Adult, endocrine system, Adolescent, Viral diseases, Microbiology, Interviews as Topic, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Health Economics, Retroviruses, Health insurance, medicine, Humans, European Union, Social determinants of health, Microbial Pathogens, Africa South of the Sahara, Liver diseases, Retrospective Studies, Insurance, Health, ACCESS_TO_HEALTH_CARE, Lentivirus, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, HIV, Retrospective cohort study, Diagnostic medicine, Health Care, Multivariate Analysis, Africa, Women's Health, lcsh:Q, People and places, Health Insurance, Demography
Abstract

Background Migrants’ access to care depends on their health insurance coverage in the host country. We aimed to evaluate in France the dynamic and the determinants of health insurance coverage acquisition among sub-Saharan migrants. Methods In the PARCOURS life-event retrospective survey conducted in 2012–2013 in health-care facilities in the Paris region, data on health insurance coverage (HIC) each year since arrival in France has been collected among three groups of sub-Saharan migrants recruited in primary care centres (N = 763), centres for HIV care (N = 923) and for chronic hepatitis B care (N = 778). Year to year, the determinants of the acquisition and lapse of HIC were analysed with mixed-effects logistic regression models. Results In the year of arrival, 63.4% of women and 55.3% of men obtained HIC. But three years after arrival, still 14% of women and 19% of men had not obtained HIC. HIC acquisition was accelerated in case of HIV or hepatitis B infection, for migrants arrived after 2000, and for women in case of pregnancy and when they were studying. Conversely, it was slowed down in case of lack of a residency permit and lack of financial resources for men. In addition, women and men without residency permits were more likely to have lost HIC when they had one. Conclusion In France, the health insurance system aiming at protecting all, including undocumented migrants, leads to a prompt access to HIC for migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, this access may be impaired by administrative and social insecurities.

Published
2018

26. Refusal to provide health care to sub-Saharan African migrants in France

Author

Nicolas Vignier, Pierre Chauvin, Olivier Bouchaud, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Rosemary Dray Spira, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidémiologie, Systèmes d'Information, Modélisation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Avicenne, Laboratoire Educations et Pratiques de Santé (LEPS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris 13 (UP13), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Sub saharan, Interview, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV Infections, Pharmacy, 030501 epidemiology, [SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography, Vulnerable Populations, Health Services Accessibility, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Denial, Universal Health Insurance, Health care, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, Africa South of the Sahara, Reference group, media_common, Transients and Migrants, Equity (economics), business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Refusal to Treat, lcsh:RA1-1270, social sciences, 16. Peace & justice, Payment, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, 3. Good health, Family medicine, behavior and behavior mechanisms, population characteristics, France, 0305 other medical science, business, geographic locations, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; In France, the public health insurance system has a principle of universality.1 However, refusal to provide care by health-care professionals has recently emerged as an issue.2 People living with HIV and vulnerable populations have an increased risk of being denied care.The ANRS-PARCOURS study5 analyses how health trajectories and social and migratory paths are interlaced for migrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in France. It is a life-event survey that was done in 2012–13 in health-care facilities in the Paris area, among sub-Saharan migrants recruited in primary care centres (n=760; reference group) and in HIV care centres (n=922; HIV group). A trained interviewer administered a face-to-face, standardised, life-event history questionnaire to each participant. When participants answered that they had been denied care, they were asked about the reason for the denial of care. These reasons were categorised by the investigators and then analysed. We weighted the percentage of patients to take into account the study design.When participants were asked about their experiences with refusal of health-care since their arrival in France and about the reasons underlying refusal, refusal of care was reported more often in the HIV group (119 [12%] of 922 participants) than in the reference group (59 [6%] of 760 participants, p=0·0006; appendix). Denial of care appeared to be more frequent at general practices (6·4% for the HIV group and and 3·2% for the reference group) than at hospitals (3·0% and 1·4%) and pharmacies (5·2% and 2·8%; appendix). The main reasons for refusal of care were refusal of the specific health insurance coverage for poor people and undocumented migrants (28 [40%] of 59 participants in the reference group and 36 [32%] of 119 participants in the HIV group), HIV status (33 [29%] in the HIV group), and being uninsured (16 [26%] in the reference group and 34 [25%] in the HIV group).In France, two schemes—the Universal Health Insurance Coverage and the State Medical Assistance (created in 1999)—are available for vulnerable populations and for undocumented migrants who were previously excluded from the health insurance system. These two schemes ensure free health care for these populations. Nevertheless, some health professionals deny the beneficiaries.4, 6 The reasons identified for denying care to these patients were mainly about delays in payments and minimal payments,4, 6 discriminatory reasons and fear of contracting HIV have also been reported.7As our survey suggests, refusals to provide health care are too frequent. For migrants who have often encountered many bureaucratic obstacles to benefit from French health insurance dedicated to the poor or the undocumented, being denied access to care by health-care professionals or services is unlawful and should not be tolerated. Refusal of care for migrants with and without HIV needs to be addressed to improve equity in health-care systems. Policymakers, insurance bodies, and health councils must act.

Published
2018

27. Mobile health and maternal care: A winning combination for healthcare in the developing world?

Author

Cécile Méadel, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Marine Al Dahdah, Centre d'étude des mouvements sociaux (CEMS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation i3 (CSI i3), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)

Subjects
020205 medical informatics, Population, Biomedical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, MHealth, Developing countries, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, eHealth, Medicine, Mobile technology, Mobile health, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, mHealth, Health policy, HRHIS, education.field_of_study, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, business.industry, Health Policy, 1. No poverty, Public relations, 3. Good health, Mobile phone, ICT, Maternal care, business
Abstract

International audience; Worldwide, concerted efforts are made to stimulate the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in health care. From online Personal Health Record (PHR), treatment and appointment reminders by SMS, to the e-mailing of confidential clinical data, healthcare systems are increasingly using technologies to provide better services with less financial and human resources. Among ICTs for health, eHealth-i.e. health on the Internet-has been extensively studied whereas the use of mobile technologies for health called "mhealth" or mobile Health has been less documented so far. In 2013, almost 6.8 billion people were mobile phone users, mobile-cellular penetration rates stand at 96% globally (89% in developing countries). Access to the Internet, by comparison, is a reality for only 39% of the world population (77% of the developed world population is online). During the last three years, many health stakeholders and mobile technology providers have understood the high potential of mHealth and launched more than 600 operational projects in developing countries. In this article we are discussing this issue first by assessing the current state of knowledge on mobile health in developing countries, as well as the issues and challenges raised by mobile health. We then focus our discussion on maternal health to discuss the potential applications of these new techniques in this specific field. Finally we suggest several avenues for further analysis on the implications of using mobile phones as a tool for women's health.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Timing of chronic hepatitis B diagnosis after migration and its determinants among Sub-Saharan African migrants living in France

Author

Nathalie Lydié, Julie Pannetier, Virginie Gigonzac, Rosemary Dray Spira, and Annabel Desgrées du Loû

Subjects
Male, Health Screening, Medical Doctors, Gastroenterology and hepatology, Economics, Health Care Providers, Maternal Health, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Logistic regression, Geographical locations, Hepatitis, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Health care, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical Personnel, Young adult, lcsh:Science, media_common, Human Capital, Multidisciplinary, Obstetrics and Gynecology, HIV diagnosis and management, Hepatitis B, Emigration and Immigration, Middle Aged, Europe, Infectious hepatitis, Professions, Infectious diseases, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, France, Economics of Migration, Research Article, Adult, media_common.quotation_subject, Temporary resident, Viral diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Hepatitis B, Chronic, Physicians, medicine, Humans, European Union, Africa South of the Sahara, Liver diseases, Medicine and health sciences, business.industry, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, Metropolitan area, Diagnostic medicine, Health Care, Unemployment, Africa, Women's Health, lcsh:Q, Population Groupings, People and places, business, Demography
Abstract

Objective In European countries, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) disproportionately affects migrants from medium- and high-endemic areas and is largely underdiagnosed. To inform policy and improve screening strategies, we measured the timing of CHB diagnosis after migration and its determinants among sub-Saharan migrants living in the Paris metropolitan area (France). Design The PARCOURS study is a retrospective life-event history survey conducted in health care services in 2012–2013 among 779 migrants from sub-Saharan Africa who were receiving care for CHB. We investigated the timing of CHB diagnosis from the time of arrival in France using the Kaplan-Meier method and characteristics associated with CHB diagnosis since the time of arrival in France using discrete-time multivariate logistic regression models. Results The median CHB diagnosis occurred during the fourth year spent in France for men and during the second year spent in France for women. Among men, the probability of CHB diagnosis increased during years with (versus without) a temporary resident permit (aOR: 1.6, 95%CI: 1.1–2.2), a precarious accommodation (aOR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.1–2.6), and hospitalization (aOR: 7.7, 95%CI: 3.4–15.1). Among women, CHB diagnosis was more likely to occur during years with unemployment (aOR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.1–3.94), pregnancy (aOR: 6.6, 95%CI: 3.5–12.5) and hospitalization (aOR: 9.0, 95%CI: 2.95–32.3). For both sexes, the probability of CHB diagnosis was higher among those who migrated to France because they were threatened in their country. Conclusion This study shows that social hardships (residential, economic, administrative) and contact with the health care system after arrival in France hasten access to a CHB diagnosis.

Published
2017

29. Prevalence and circumstances of forced sex and post-migration HIV acquisition in sub-Saharan African migrant women in France: an analysis of the ANRS-PARCOURS retrospective population-based study

Author

Julie Pannetier, Andrainolo Ravalihasy, Nathalie Lydié, France Lert, and Annabel Desgrées du Loû

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Paris, Adolescent, Population, HIV Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Risk Factors, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, education, Reference group, Africa South of the Sahara, Retrospective Studies, Transients and Migrants, education.field_of_study, 030505 public health, Sexual violence, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public health, Incidence (epidemiology), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, lcsh:RA1-1270, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Rape, Housing, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography
Abstract

Summary Background Sub-Saharan African migrant women are a key population at risk of HIV infection in Europe. Using data from the ANRS-PARCOURS study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of forced sex after migration and its association with post-migration acquisition of HIV as well as the circumstances of forced sex after migration, including housing and administrative insecurity, among sub-Saharan African migrant women living in the Paris Region, France. Methods The ANRS-PARCOURS study was a retrospective life-event survey done between February, 2012, and May, 2013, in health-care facilities in the Paris region of France. Women were eligible if they were born in sub-Saharan Africa, aged between 18 and 59 years, and had been diagnosed with HIV infection at least 3 months earlier for women receiving HIV care or not diagnosed with HIV. In this analysis, we used ANRS-PARCOURS study data to compare the incidence of forced sex after migration in three groups of sub-Saharan African migrant women: those who acquired HIV after migrating, those who acquired HIV before migrating, and those without HIV. We assessed the associations between forced sex, sexual partnerships, and living conditions after migration with mixed-effects logistic regression and generalised structural equation models. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02566148. Findings We obtained data from 980 eligible individuals who participated in the ANRS-PARCOURS study (407 without HIV and 573 HIV-positive) from 54 randomly selected health-care facilities. We excluded 20 women whose HIV infection could not be dated and eight women with missing data from the analyses, for a total of 405 women in the reference group (without HIV) and 547 women in the HIV group (156 with post-migration HIV acquisition, 391 with pre-migration HIV). Women who acquired HIV after migration experienced forced sex after migration more frequently than women without HIV (24 [15%] vs 18 [4%]; p=0·001). Forced sex after migration was associated with being hosted by family or friends (β=0·95, 95% CI 0·19–1·72) and lack of stable housing (β=1·10, 0·17–2·03). Lack of a residence permit was also associated with forced sex after migration. Interpretation The social hardships faced by sub-Saharan African migrant women after migration, especially a lack of housing or lack of a residence permit, increases their exposure to sexual violence and to HIV infection. Funding The French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Sante publique France, the national public health agency.

Published
2017

30. Obstacles à la prévention et au dépistage de la tuberculose : une étude qualitative dans le département français de Seine-Saint-Denis

Author

Séverine Carillon and Annabel Desgrées du Loû

Subjects
Attractiveness, education.field_of_study, Tuberculosis, Population, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Context (language use), Disease, medicine.disease, Nursing, Health communication, Qualitative research, medicine, Screening, Sociology, National average, education, Seine-Saint-Denis
Abstract

L'incidence de la tuberculose en Seine-Saint-Denis dépasse largement la moyenne nationale. Le Nord-Ouest du département est particulièrement touché. Les équipes en charge du dépistage y rencontrent des difficultés pour communiquer autour de la maladie, atteindre les populations concernées et susciter leur adhésion à la proposition de dépistage. L'objectif de cette étude était d'identifier et comprendre les obstacles à la prévention et au dépistage de la tuberculose. Une étude qualitative a été menée par observation des actions de dépistage en Seine-Saint-Denis et par entretiens semi-directifs auprès de professionnels de santé en charge du dépistage, d'acteurs communaux ou associatifs et auprès de la population concernée. Les obstacles à la sensibilisation et au dépistage apparaissent liés d'une part aux modalités d'organisation et de mise en ½uvre du dépistage et, d'autre part, aux difficultés de communication sur cette maladie. Trois obstacles majeurs sont mis en évidence : premièrement, l'écart entre le peu d'importance accordée en général à cette maladie et la crise sanitaire qu'elle peut constituer à un moment donné en cas d'épidémie ; deuxièmement, l'inadaptation des outils de communication aux publics ciblés et leur manque d'attractivité ; troisièmement, un manque d'articulation des actions de dépistage aux contextes locaux dans lesquels elles se déroulent. L'étude met en évidence la marginalisation individuelle et sociale de la question de la tuberculose et les mécanismes de production de cette marginalisation. Elle incite à développer des outils et des modes de communication plus interactifs et à sensibiliser les professionnels impliqués dans le dépistage aux réalités locales de terrain.

Published
2017

31. Choisir le sexe de son enfant ? Nouvelles techniques de procréation assistée en Palestine

Author

Sarah Memmi, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Löwry, L. (ed.), Rozée Gomez, V. (ed.), and Tain, L. (ed.)

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, PROCREATION MEDICALEMENT ASSISTEE, CONTROLE SOCIAL, DISCRIMINATION SEXUELLE, ANTHROPOLOGIE SOCIALE, RELIGION, SEXE, MEDECINE, Gender Studies, REPRODUCTION, ENFANT, REGLEMENTATION, SANTE DE LA REPRODUCTION, GROSSESSE NON DESIREE, GROSSESSE, Demography
Abstract

Dans la societe palestinienne, avoir un garcon dans sa descendance est un enjeu social majeur, qui dans un contexte de reduction de la fecondite, peut conduire a vouloir choisir le sexe de son enfant. Aujourd’hui, des techniques de selection sexuelle prenatales performantes sont disponibles et ne font l’objet d’aucune couverture legale. Cet article propose d’analyser les attitudes des Palestinien?ne?s vis-a-vis de la selection sexuelle, lieu d’une regulation informelle au croisement du religieux, de la pression sociale et des positions personnelles des medecins. Elle cree aussi de nouveaux enjeux dans l’espace israelo-palestinien ; la reglementation et l’acces a ces pratiques sont tres differents entre Israel et la Palestine. [1]

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. What Level of Risk Compensation Would Offset the Preventive Effect of Early Antiretroviral Therapy? Simulations From the TEMPRANO Trial

Author

Kévin Jean, Marie-Claude Boily, Christine Danel, Raoul Moh, Anani Badjé, Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû, Serge Eholié, France Lert, Rosemary Dray-Spira, Xavier Anglaret, Eric Ouattara, Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Imperial College London, Programme PAC-CI, ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville [Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire] (CHU de Treichville), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], This work was supported by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Paris, France (grants TEMPRANO ANRS 12136 and TEMPRANO Social ANRS 12239)., HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques pour la sécurité sanitaire ( MESuRS ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Pasteur-Cnam risques infectieux et émergents ( PACRI ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), ANRS, Bordeaux population health ( BPH ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny ( UFHB ), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement ( LPED ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Centre population et développement ( CEPED - UMR_D 196 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville [Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire] ( CHU de Treichville ), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique ( iPLESP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and Jean, Kévin

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, sub-Saharan Africa, HIV-1 INFECTION, sexual behaviors, IMPACT, Epidemiology, HIV Infections, law.invention, risk compensation, Condoms, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, prevention, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, 3. Good health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Anti-Retroviral Agents, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Sexual Behavior, antiretroviral therapy, COTE-DIVOIRE, Context (language use), 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, Condom, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Humans, METAANALYSIS, 01 Mathematical Sciences, Science & Technology, business.industry, HIV, 030112 virology, Confidence interval, Risk compensation, Sexual intercourse, Cote d'Ivoire, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, TRANSMISSION RISK, Multivariate Analysis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, FOLLOW-UP, business, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Whether risk compensation could offset the preventive effect of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission remains unknown. Using virological and behavioral data collected 12 months after inclusion in the TEMPRANO randomized trial of early ART (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 2009–2012), we estimated the risk of HIV transmission and compared it between the intervention (early ART; n = 490) and control (deferred ART; n = 467) groups. We then simulated increases in various sexual risk behaviors in the intervention group and estimated the resulting preventive effect. On the basis of reported values of sexual behaviors, we estimated that early ART had an 89% (95% confidence interval: 81, 95) preventive effect on the cumulative risk of HIV transmission over a 1-month period. This preventive effect remained significant for a wide range of parameter combinations and was offset (i.e., nonsignificant) only for dramatic increases in different sexual behaviors simulated simultaneously. For example, when considering a 2-fold increase in serodiscordance and the frequency of sexual intercourse together with a 33% decrease in condom use, the resulting preventive effect was 47% (95% confidence interval: −3, 74). An important reduction of HIV transmission may thus be expected from the scale-up of early ART, even in the context of behavioral change.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Migrants subsahariens : combien de temps leur faut-il pour s’installer en France ?

Author

Anne Gosselin, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Éva Lelièvre, France Lert, Rosemary Dray-Spira, and Nathalie Lydié

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Health (social science), COLLEGE_STUDENTS, FRANCE, IMMIGRATION_POLICY, SEX_DIFFERENTIALS, RESIDENCE_PERMITS, DURATION_OF_RESIDENCE, INTEGRATION_OF_IMMIGRANTS, Demography, AFRICAN_IMMIGRATION
Abstract

Six a sept ans apres leur arrivee en France, la moitie des migrants d’Afrique subsaharienne n’ont toujours pas les trois elements d’installation que sont un titre de sejour d’au moins un an, un logement personnel, et un travail. Au bout de onze a douze ans, c’est encore le cas d’un quart d’entre eux. Cette longue periode de precarite apres l’arrivee en France tient plus aux conditions d’accueil (longueur du processus de regularisation, marche du travail segmente, discriminations) qu’aux caracteristiques individuelles des arrivants. La situation des migrants subsahariens finit par se stabiliser, mais pour beaucoup d’entre eux, c’est au prix du passage par une longue periode d’insecurite.

Published
2016

34. HandiVIH—A population-based survey to understand the vulnerability of people with disabilities to HIV and other sexual and reproductive health problems in Cameroon: protocol and methodological considerations

Author

Aude Brus, Alice Tchoumkeu, Pierre De Beaudrap, Frida Essomba, Toyin Janet Aderemi, Estelle Pasquier, Daniel Mont, Jill Hanass-Hancock, Muriel Mac-Seing, Arne Henning Eide, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Gervais Beninguisse, and Adonis Touko

Subjects
Gerontology, Employment, 030506 rehabilitation, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Matched-Pair Analysis, Population, Vulnerability, Exploratory research, Qualitative property, HIV Infections, Vulnerable Populations, STATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODS, Health Services Accessibility, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Risk Factors, Research participant, Protocol, Medicine, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Humans, Disabled Persons, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cameroon, education, Reproductive health, education.field_of_study, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Reproductive Health, Sexual Partners, Social Isolation, Population Surveillance, HIV/AIDS, Social exclusion, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract

Introduction In resource-limited countries, people with disabilities seem to be particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to barriers to accessing information and services, frequent exposure to sexual violence and social exclusion. However, they have often been left behind in the HIV response, probably because of the lack of reliable epidemiological data measuring this vulnerability. Multiple challenges in conducting good quality epidemiological surveys on people with disabilities require innovative methods to better understand the link between disability and HIV. This paper describes how the design and methods of the HandiVIH study were adapted to document the vulnerability of people with disabilities to HIV, and to compare their situation with that of people without disabilities. Methods and analysis The HandiVIH project aims to combine quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative component is a cross-sectional survey with a control group conducted in Yaounde (Cameroon). A two-phase random sampling is used (1) to screen people with disabilities from the general population using the Washington Group questionnaire and, (2) to create a matched control group. An HIV test is proposed to each study participant. Additionally, a questionnaire including a life-event interview is used to collect data on respondents’ life-course history of social isolation, employment, sexual partnership, HIV risk factors and fertility. Before the cross-sectional survey, a qualitative exploratory study was implemented to identify challenges in conducting the survey and possible solutions. Information on people with disabilities begging in the streets and members of disabled people9s organisations is collected separately. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the two ethical committees. Special attention has been paid on how to adapt the consenting process to persons with intellectual disabilities. The methodological considerations discussed in this paper may contribute to the development of good practices for conducting quantitative health surveys on people with disabilities. Trial registration number NCT02192658.

Published
2016

35. Early antiretroviral therapy initiation in west Africa has no adverse social consequences : a 24-month prospective study

Author

Kévin Jean, Serge Niangoran, Christine Danel, Raoul Moh, Gérard Menan Kouamé, Anani Badjé, Delphine Gabillard, Serge Eholié, Rosemary Dray-Spira, France Lert, Xavier Anglaret, and Annabel Desgrées-Du-LoÛ

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Art initiation, Immunology, HIV Infections, Hiv disclosure, West africa, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, medicine, Secondary Prevention, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Psychiatry, 030505 public health, business.industry, Social distance, Antiretroviral therapy, Africa, Western, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Psychological Distance, Social consequence, Social indicators, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract

Based on social indicators collected within the TEMPRANO-ANRS12136 trial, we assessed the social consequences of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in west Africa. We did not observe any significant differences in the levels or the time trends of various social indicators, including union status, HIV disclosure and HIV-related discrimination, between early and deferred ART initiation. Early ART does not carry detectable adverse social consequences that could impair its clinical and preventive benefits.

Published
2016

36. WHO guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in serodiscordant couples in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Delphine Gabillard, Raoul Moh, Gérard M Kouame, Christine Danel, Kévin Jean, Anani Badje, Xavier Anglaret, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Jean-Baptiste Ntakpe, Jérome Le Carrou, Nina Deschamps, and Serge Eholié

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sub saharan, Immunology, Population, Developing country, HIV Infections, World Health Organization, Early initiation, Interviews as Topic, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, education, Africa South of the Sahara, Family Characteristics, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Antiretroviral therapy, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, 3. Good health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, Who guidelines, Family medicine, Serodiscordant, Female, Guideline Adherence, business, Serostatus
Abstract

To evaluate the implication of WHO guidelines for serodiscordant couples, we interviewed HIV-infected adults on their partner's serostatus. We found that 12% with more than 500 CD4(+) R cells/mu l should be recommended antiretroviral treatment (ART) because their partner was seronegative; 24% could be recommended not to start ART because their partner was seropositive; and 64% could not be given any recommendation regarding ART early initiation because they had either no stable partnership (30%) or were in a stable partnership with a partner whose status they were not aware of (34%).

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Protecting female migrants from forced sex and HIV infection

Author

Julie Pannetier, Andrainolo Ravalihasy, Nathalie Lydié, France Lert, and Annabel Desgrées du Loû

Subjects
Transients and Migrants, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lcsh:RA1-1270, HIV Infections, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Humans, Medicine, Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Demography
Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. From prenatal HIV testing of the mother to prevention of sexual HIV transmission within the couple

Author

Annick Tijou Traoré, Hermann Brou, Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû, Gérard Djohan, Valériane Leroy, Renaud Becquet, Mouillet, Evelyne, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Ecole nationale supérieure de statistique et d'économie appliquée [Abidjan] (ENSEA), Aménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés (ADES), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR99-ISPED, for the ANRS 1201/1202/1253 Ditrame Plus Group, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), Institut national d'études démographiques (INED)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre Population et Développement, the ANRS 1201/1202/1253 Ditrame Plus Group, Centre population et développement ( CEPED - UMR_D 196 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Ecole nationale supérieure de statistique et d'économie appliquée [Abidjan] ( ENSEA ), Aménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés ( ADES ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement ( ISPED ), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -IFR99-ISPED

Subjects
Counseling, Male, Sexually transmitted disease, MESH: Sexual Behavior, MESH: Chi-Square Distribution, Health (social science), HIV Infections, MESH : Sexual Partners, COMMUNICATION, MESH : Interpersonal Relations, law.invention, MESH: Pregnancy, MESH : Sexual Behavior, GROSSESSE, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, law, Prenatal Diagnosis, MESH: Sexual Partners, MESH : Female, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, MESH : Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, SIDA, COUPLE, MESH: Counseling, virus diseases, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH : Adult, MESH: Interpersonal Relations, MESH: Interviews as Topic, MESH : Risk Factors, MESH : Truth Disclosure, MESH : Counseling, MESH: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, ENFANT, Sexual Partners, SANTE DE LA REPRODUCTION, Cohort, Female, MESH: Truth Disclosure, PRESERVATIF, EDUCATION SANITAIRE, Adult, MESH : Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine.medical_specialty, Sexual transmission, MESH: Cote d'Ivoire, MESH : Male, SEROPOSITIVITE, Sexual Behavior, Context (language use), MESH: Disease Transmission, Infectious, Truth Disclosure, Interviews as Topic, History and Philosophy of Science, Condom, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), MESH : HIV Infections, Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, MESH: Prenatal Diagnosis, MESH : Prenatal Diagnosis, Gynecology, Chi-Square Distribution, MESH: Humans, MESH : Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Public health, MESH : Humans, MESH : Follow-Up Studies, MESH: Adult, MESH : Cote d'Ivoire, PREVENTION SANITAIRE, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, MESH: Male, MESH : Pregnancy, Cote d'Ivoire, MESH : Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, FEMME, DEPISTAGE, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Interviews as Topic, Family medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Serostatus, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; The first step in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes is offering HIV counselling and testing to pregnant women. In developing countries where HIV testing remains rare, it represents a unique opportunity for many women to learn their HIV status. This prenatal HIV testing is not only the entry point to prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, but also an occasion for women to sensitize their male partner to sexual risks. Here we explore if these women, HIV-tested as mothers, apply the prevention recommendations they also receive as women. In the Ditrame Plus PMTCT program in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, two cohorts of women (475 HIV-infected women and 400 HIV-negative women) were followed up two years after the pregnancy when they were offered prenatal HIV testing. In each cohort, we compared the proportion of women who communicated with their regular partner on sexual risks, prior to and after prenatal HIV testing. We analysed socio-demographic factors related to this communication. We measured two potential conjugal outcomes of women HIV testing: the level of condom use at sex resumption after delivery and the risk of union break-up. Prenatal HIV testing increased conjugal communication regarding sexual risks, whatever the woman's serostatus. This communication was less frequent for women in a polygamous union or not residing with their partner. Around 30% of women systematically used condoms at sex resumption. Among HIV infected ones, conjugal talk on sexual risks was related to improved condom use. After HIV testing, more HIV-infected women separated from their partners than HIV-uninfected women, despite very few negative reactions from the notified partners. In conclusion, offering prenatal HIV counselling and testing is an efficient tool for sensitizing women and their partners to HIV prevention. But sexual prevention in a conjugal context remains difficult and need to be specifically addressed.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Couples, PMTCT programs and infant feeding decision-making in Ivory Coast

Author

Madina Querre, Valériane Leroy, Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû, Hermann Brou, Alice Desclaux, Annick Tijou Traoré, Aménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés ( ADES ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche Cultures, Santé, Sociétés (JE 2424) ( CReCSS ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-JE2424, Ecole nationale supérieure de statistique et d'économie appliquée [Abidjan] ( ENSEA ), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre population et développement ( CEPED - UMR_D 196 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Aménagement, Développement, Environnement, Santé et Sociétés (ADES), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Cultures, Santé, Sociétés (JE 2424) (CReCSS), Ecole nationale supérieure de statistique et d'économie appliquée [Abidjan] (ENSEA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mouillet, Evelyne

Subjects
Male, MESH: Decision Making, Health (social science), MESH : Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, HIV Infections, 0302 clinical medicine, ACTION SANITAIRE, Medicine, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, SIDA, COUPLE, MESH: Sex Distribution, MESH : Infant, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Interviews as Topic, MESH: Infant, Project team, 3. Good health, Breast Feeding, ENFANT, SANTE DE LA REPRODUCTION, MESH: Young Adult, Spouse, MESH: Breast Feeding, MESH: Truth Disclosure, 0305 other medical science, Attitude to Health, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Cote d'Ivoire, MESH: Attitude to Health, MESH : Young Adult, Developing country, Truth Disclosure, Feeding Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, History and Philosophy of Science, MESH : HIV Infections, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, MESH : Middle Aged, education, MESH: Age Distribution, MESH: Humans, Public health, MESH : Humans, Infant, MESH : Feeding Methods, ALLAITEMENT MATERNEL, MESH: Adult, PREVENTION SANITAIRE, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, MESH : Attitude to Health, MESH : Interviews as Topic, MESH : Breast Feeding, ENQUETE, MESH: Female, Pediatrics, TRANSMISSION MERE ENFANT, MESH: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, MESH : Age Distribution, Breastfeeding, MESH : Interpersonal Relations, 5. Gender equality, MESH : Socioeconomic Factors, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, MESH : Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, MESH : Sex Distribution, Family Characteristics, MESH: Feeding Methods, Middle Aged, MESH: Interpersonal Relations, MESH : Adult, MESH : Truth Disclosure, MESH: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Female, Adult, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, TRANSMISSION, MESH : Male, Decision Making, Population, Interviews as Topic, SYSTEME DE REPRESENTATIONS, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), MESH: Family Characteristics, Sex Distribution, MESH : Family Characteristics, 030505 public health, business.industry, PARENT, MESH : Cote d'Ivoire, MESH: Male, MESH : Decision Making, Cote d'Ivoire, Socioeconomic Factors, FEMME, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Breast feeding
Abstract

International audience; In Sub-Saharan Africa, prevention of HIV pediatric infection due to breastfeeding requires turning to alternatives to prolonged breastfeeding: artificial feeding or exclusive breastfeeding with early weaning. Choosing a preventive option and applying it does not only depend upon the mother but also on the father and more specifically on couple interactions. To date, not enough studies have considered this question. In Abidjan, Ivory Coast, HIV-positive women and their infants were followed over two years in Ditrame Plus, a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) project. Using data from this project and from interviews conducted with couples and women, we analyzed the construction of decisions and practices concerning the application of preventive infant feeding options. Differences may be found between women and men in discourses regarding their attitudes, which are in part related to their conceptions of motherhood and fatherhood. We found that when men know their wife is HIV positive and are involved in the PMTCT project, they play an active role in applying the advice received. However, women do not always need the support of their spouse to undertake preventative behaviour. The project team also plays an important role in the adoption of such by women and men. The implementation of preventive options is a complex process in which three groups of actors (women, men and the project team) interact. In order to optimize PMTCT programs for couples, it is essential that this dynamic be taken into account.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. La fabrique des identités sexuelles

Author

Abdoulaye Sidibe Wade, Joseph Larmarange, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Catherine Enel, Broqua, C. (ed.), Eboko, Fred (ed.), Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), Institut national d'études démographiques (INED)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Division de Lutte contre le Sida et les IST (DLSI), Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention, and ANRS

Subjects
SENEGAL, 056SOCSAN, 106GESOC2, [SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography, RAPPORTS SOCIAUX, IDENTITE SEXUELLE, EPIDEMIE, BISEXUALITE, RELATIONS CONJUGALES, HOMME, PARTENAIRE SEXUEL, PROSTITUTION, CONFIDENTIALITE, SIDA, MARIAGE, HOMOSEXUALITE, General Medicine, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, SEXUALITE, FEMME, COMPORTEMENT SEXUEL, ENQUETE, RELATION DE GENRE, MALADIE SEXUELLEMENT TRANSMISSIBLE, AFRIQUE, RELATIONS INTERPERSONNELLES, DAKAR
Abstract

International audience; Les travaux sur les comportements bisexuels en Afrique sont rares. En 2004, une étude au Sénégal auprès de 463 hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes révèle que 74 % ont eu des partenaires féminines dans l’année. En 2007, une nouvelle enquête a été complétée par un volet qualitatif consacré aux comportements bisexuels. De 12 entretiens auprès d’hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes et des femmes et 12 auprès de partenaires féminines se dégagent différents types de partenaires et un lien complexe entre notion de partenaire féminine, sexualité et rapport à l’homosexualité. Le type de relation entre ces hommes et les femmes dépend de leurs représentations de l’homosexualité et de leurs relations avec d’autres hommes.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Understanding Settlement Pathways of African Immigrants in France Through a Capability Approach: Do Pre-migratory Characteristics Matter?

Author

Anne, Gosselin, Annabel, Desgrées du Loû, Eva, Lelièvre, France, Lert, Rosemary, Dray-Spira, and Nathalie, Lydié

Subjects
Resource (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Immigration, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Politics, 0302 clinical medicine, Geography, 0502 economics and business, Respondent, Human geography, Capability approach, Life course approach, Demographic economics, 030212 general & internal medicine, 050207 economics, Settlement (litigation), Demography, media_common
Abstract

With the increase in asylum-related immigration since 2015, understanding how immigrants settle in a new country is at the centre of social and political debate in European countries. The objective of this study is to determine whether the necessary time to settle for Sub-Saharan Africa immigrants in France depends more on pre-migratory characteristics or on the structural features of the host society. Taking a capability approach, we define settlement as the acquisition of three basic resources: a personal dwelling, a legal permit of a least 1 year and paid work. We use data from the PARCOURS survey, a life-event history survey conducted from 2012 to 2013 that collected 513 life histories of Sub-Saharan African immigrants living in France. Situations regarding housing, legal status and activity were documented year by year since the arrival of the respondent. We use a Kaplan–Meier analysis and chronograms to describe the time needed for settlement, first for each resource (personal dwelling, legal permit and paid work) and then for the combined indicator of settlement. Discrete-time logistic regressions are used to model the determinants of this settlement process. Overall, women and men require 6 and 7 years (medians), respectively, to acquire basic resources in France. This represents a strikingly long period of time in which immigrants lack basic security. The settlement process varies according to gender, but very few sociodemographic factors influence settlement dynamics. Therefore, the length of the settlement process may be due to structural features of the host society. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10680-017-9463-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2015

42. Sub-Saharan African migrants living with HIV acquired after migration, France, ANRS PARCOURS study, 2012 to 2013

Author

Annabel, Desgrées-du-Loû, Julie, Pannetier, Andrainolo, Ravalihasy, Anne, Gosselin, Virginie, Supervie, Henri, Panjo, Nathalie, Bajos, France, Lert, Nathalie, Lydié, Rosemary, Dray-Spira, P, Chardon, Centre population et développement ( CEPED - UMR_D 196 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Parcours Santé Migration, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique ( iPLESP ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut national de prévention et d'éducation pour la santé ( INPES ), Institut national de prévention et d'éducation pour la santé, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut national de prévention et d'éducation pour la santé (INPES), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Institut National de Prévention et d'Education pour la Santé (INPES)

Subjects
Male, Urban Population, Epidemiology, Cross-sectional study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, HIV acquisition, medicine.disease_cause, AFRICAN_IMMIGRATION, PUBLIC_HEALTH, public health policies, AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE, Medicine, Sida, education.field_of_study, biology, SIDA, virus diseases, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, AIDS, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, HEALTH, Developed country, Adult, Sub saharan, Adolescent, MIGRATION, Sexual Behavior, HIV prevention, Population, Black People, Emigrants and Immigrants, FRANCE, [SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography, [ SDV.MP.VIR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Interviews as Topic, Virology, sub-Saharan African migrants, Humans, education, Africa South of the Sahara, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Retrospective cohort study, biology.organism_classification, PREVENTION, Confidence interval, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, HIV-1, SUB-SAHARAN_AFRICA, business, [ SHS.DEMO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography, Demography
Abstract

The Parcours Study Group; International audience; We estimated the proportion of migrants from sub-Saharan Africa who acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while living in France. Life-event and clinical information was collected in 2012 and 2013 from a random sample of HIV-infected outpatients born in sub-Saharan Africa and living in the Paris region. We assumed HIV infection in France if at least one of the following was fulfilled: (i) HIV diagnosis at least 11 years after arrival in France, (ii) at least one negative HIV test in France, (iii) sexual debut after arrival in France. Otherwise, time of HIV infection was based on statistical modelling of first CD4 + T-cell count; infection in France was assumed if more than 50% (median scenario) or more than 95% (conservative scenario) of modelled infection times occurred after migration. We estimated that 49% of 898 HIV-infected adults born in sub-Saharan Africa (95% confidence interval (CI): 45–53) in the median and 35% (95% CI: 31–39) in the conservative scenario acquired HIV while living in France. This proportion was higher in men than women (44% (95% CI: 37–51) vs 30% (95% CI: 25–35); conservative scenario) and increased with length of stay in France. These high proportions highlight the need for improved HIV policies targeting migrants.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Resumption of Sexual Relations Following Childbirth: Norms, Practices and Reproductive Health Issues in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Author

Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû and Hermann Brou

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Sexual Behavior, media_common.quotation_subject, Breastfeeding, law.invention, Condom, law, Humans, Medicine, Sexual Abstinence, Reproductive health, media_common, business.industry, Data Collection, Postpartum Period, Taboo, Parturition, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gender studies, Abstinence, Sexual abstinence, Sexual intercourse, Cote d'Ivoire, Reproductive Medicine, Family planning, Female, business, Demography
Abstract

Before modern contraceptive methods were available in developing countries, post-partum sexual abstinence formed the backbone of birth spacing. With the changes occurring in African societies, how has post-partum sexual abstinence been affected? We conducted an exploratory study in 2000–2001 in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire with 23 women and 19 men who were parents of small children. Breastfeeding remains widespread and prolonged. Resumption of sexual relations after delivery was a mean of 11 months. Post-partum sexual abstinence was only distantly related to the traditional lactation taboo. Women expressed fears that their partner would seek elsewhere if they delayed sexual relations too long, and the risk of early pregnancy. Abstinence remained the main way to space births, given low contraceptive use. Mothers generally decided when to wean a child. Men usually made the first move to resume sexual relations, though most women negotiated timing and some insisted on condom use. Provision of condoms post-partum can play a contraceptive role for married couples and protect against STIs/HIV in extra-marital relationships, which are frequent post-partum. The duration of post-partum abstinence is in fact unclear because irregular sex may happen early and become regular only later. Women need post-partum information and services that address these issues.

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Factors Associated with HIV Testing History among Pregnant Women and Their Partners in Georgia: The ANRS 12127 Prenahtest Trial

Author

Joanna Orne-Gliemann, Patrice Tchendjou, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Maia Kajaia, Maia Butsashvili, François Dabis, and George Kamkamidze

Subjects
Gerontology, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Article Subject, Population, Alternative medicine, Maternity hospitals, Reproductive age, Dermatology, Hiv testing, Primary care, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, education, education.field_of_study, Pregnancy, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Family medicine, business, lcsh:RC581-607, Research Article
Abstract

Despite the benefits of timely diagnosis of HIV infection and the wide availability of VCT services, the acceptance of HIV testing and counseling still remains a challenge in Georgia. The goal of our study was to assess the history of HIV testing and associated factors among pregnant women. The recruitment of study participants took place during routine antenatal care visits at one of the large Maternity Hospitals in Tbilisi, capital of Georgia. A total of 491 pregnant women were included in the sample. More than a third of women (38.5%) reported that they were tested for HIV before the current pregnancy and almost all of them (91.5%) were tested during previous pregnancies. Bivariate analysis revealed statistically significant association of women’s history of HIV testing with age, education level, remunerated activity, history of STI, and multiparity. In multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of being HIV tested was ever being pregnant. In conclusion, HIV testing history among women at reproductive age was poor in Georgia. Women mostly received HIV testing at prenatal centers. Efforts should be made to promote HIV testing in primary care settings, which would increase its acceptability and overall testing rate in the population.

Published
2014

45. Effect of early antiretroviral therapy on sexual behaviors and HIV-1 transmission risk among adults with diverse heterosexual partnership statuses in Côte d'Ivoire

Author

Kévin Jean, Delphine Gabillard, Raoul Moh, Christine Danel, Raïmi Fassassi, Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû, Serge Eholié, France Lert, Xavier Anglaret, Rosemary Dray-Spira, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Programme PAC-CI, ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, Department of Population Research and Development, National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economy, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (SMIT), CHU de Treichville, This trial was supported by a grant from the French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales (ANRS, Paris, France, grants ANRS 12136 and ANRS 12239)., Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), ANRS, Centre population et développement ( CEPED - UMR_D 196 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), and Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales ( SMIT )

Subjects
Male, antiretroviral treatment, sub-Saharan Africa, sexual behaviors, HIV Infections, 030312 virology, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Risk Factors, law, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Epidemiology, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, transmission, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Serodiscordant, HIV/AIDS, Female, epidemiology, treatment as prevention, Viral load, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Unprotected Sexual Intercourse, Sexual Behavior, HIV prevention, Microbiology, Major Articles and Brief Reports, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, business.industry, Public health, 06 Biological Sciences, Treatment as prevention, Cote d'Ivoire, HIV-1 sexual, Heterosexuality, Immunology, HIV-1, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HIV-1 sexual transmission, business, Demography
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The effect of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART; ie, at CD4(+) T-cell counts >350 cells/mm(3)) on sexual behaviors and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) transmission risk has not been documented in populations other than HIV-serodiscordant couples in stable relationships. METHODS: On the basis of data from a behavioral study nested in a randomized, controlled trial (Temprano-ANRS12136) of early ART, we compared proportions of risky sex (ie, unprotected sex with a partner of negative/unknown HIV status) reported 12 months after inclusion between participants randomly assigned to initiate ART immediately (hereafter, "early ART") or according to ongoing World Health Organization criteria. Group-specific HIV transmission rates were estimated on the basis of sexual behaviors and viral load-specific per-act HIV transmission probabilities. The ratio of transmission rates was computed to estimate the protective effect of early ART. RESULTS: Among 957 participants (baseline median CD4(+) T-cell count, 478 cells/mm(3)), 46.0% reported sexual activity in the past month; of these 46.0%, sexual activity for 41.5% involved noncohabiting partners. The proportion of subjects who engaged in risky sex was 10.0% in the early ART group, compared with 12.8% in the standard ART group (P = .17). After accounting for sexual behaviors and viral load, we estimated that the protective effect of early ART was 90% (95% confidence interval, 81%-95%). CONCLUSION: Twelve months after inclusion, patients in the early and standard ART groups reported similar sexual behaviors. Early ART decreased the estimated risk of HIV transmission by 90%, suggesting a major prevention benefit among seronegative sex partners in stable or casual relationships with seropositive individuals.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Incidence of pregnancies among African HIV-infected women, Abidjan, 1995–2000

Author

François Dabis, Angèle Yao, Pierrette Kassi, Laurent Mandelbrot, Delphine Yapi, Philippe Msellati, Christiane Welffens-Ekra, Ida Viho, and Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Sexual Behavior, Immunology, Population, Developing country, HIV Infections, Risk-Taking, Sex Counseling, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Sida, education, education.field_of_study, biology, Obstetrics, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Cote d'Ivoire, Infectious Diseases, Socioeconomic Factors, Educational Status, Patient Compliance, Gestation, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

A study was conducted in 1999-2000 in Abidjan within the ANRS 049 Ditrame project to describe the adherence of African HIV-infected women to counseling on protected sexual intercourse and contraceptive use after the announcement of their HIV test result during pregnancy. The incidence of pregnancy was 16.5/100 women-years at risk during the first 24 months postpartum. The factor most influencing the decision to start a new pregnancy was a high level of education which tripled this risk. (authors)

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Le recours à l'avortement provoqué à Abidjan : une cause de la baisse de la fécondité?

Author

Christiane Welffens-Ekra, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, Philippe Msellati, and Ida Viho

Subjects
NIVEAU D'INSTRUCTION, PMI, PLANIFICATION DE LA FAMILLE, VIH, MARIAGE, DEMOGRAPHIE, CENTRE DE SANTE, AVORTEMENT, CONTRACEPTION, FEMME, GROSSESSE, ENQUETE, GROUPE D'AGE, BAISSE DE LA FECONDITE, HOPITAL, reproductive and urinary physiology, Demography
Abstract

Desgrées du Lou Annabel, Msellati P., Viho I., Welffens-Ekra C- The use of induced abortion in Abidjan: a possible cause of the fertility decline? Fertility in Côte d'Ivoire has declined rapidly over the last 15 years, with the average number of children per woman falling from 7.2 in 1980 to 5.7 in 1994, despite the fact that contraceptive use remains very low. Of the different possible mechanisms for birth spacing, induced abortion in this country, where it is illegal and often performed clandestinely, remains poorly understood. In this study the pregnancy histories of 1201 women in the city of Abidjan are examined to determine the level and change in the use of abortion. This suggests that there is now a frequent use of induced abortion in Côte d'Ivoire (one third of women have aborted at least once) and that this has recently increased. The generalization of abortion seems to have occurred in the last ten years; all age groups are involved but especially the youngest, who begin to use abortion from the start of their fertile life, in contrast to older women who use it rather as a means of birth spacing and birth control after the first pregnancies. This rapid increase in the use of abortion is one of the explanatory factors for the fall in fertility in Côte d'Ivoire., Desgrées du Loû Annabel, Msellati P., Viho I., Welffens-Ekra C.-Le recours à l'avor- tement provoqué à Abidjan : une cause de la baisse de la fécondité ? En Côte d'Ivoire, la fécondité a baissé rapidement au cours des quinze dernières années : le nombre moyen d'enfants par femme est passé de 7,2 en 1980 à 5,7 en 1994, et ceci malgré une prévalence contraceptive encore très faible. Parmi les différents moyens d'espacement des naissances possibles, il en est un qui reste très mal connu dans ce pays, car illégal et souvent clandestin : le recours à l'avortement provoqué. Cette étude présente les niveaux de recours à l'avortement et leur évolution, à partir des vies génésiques de 1201 femmes enceintes dans la ville d'Abidjan. Il semble qu'il y ait actuellement en Côte d'Ivoire un recours à l'avortement provoqué fréquent (un tiers des femmes ont avorté au moins une fois), et que ce phénomène se soit récemment amplifié. La généralisation du recours à l'avortement se serait faite au cours des dix dernières années ; elle a touché toutes les classes d'âge, mais plus particulièrement les plus jeunes qui commencent à utiliser l'avortement dès le début de leur vie féconde, au contraire de leurs aînées qui l'utilisaient plutôt comme un moyen d'espacement et de limitation des naissances après les premières grossesses. Cette augmentation rapide du recours à l'avortement explique en partie la baisse de fécondité de la Côte d'Ivoire., Desgrées du Loú Annabel, Msellati P., Viho I., Welffens-Ekra C.-El recurso al aborto provocado en Abidjan, Desgrées Du Lou Annabel, Msellati P., Viho I., Welffens-Ekra C. Le recours à l'avortement provoqué à Abidjan : une cause de la baisse de la fécondité?. In: Population, 54ᵉ année, n°3, 1999. pp. 427-446.

Published
1999

48. L'évolution du lévirat chez les Bassari

Author

Monique Gessain and Annabel Desgrées du Loû

Subjects
FACTEUR SOCIOECONOMIQUE, MONOGAMIE, HERITAGE, Sénégal Oriental, Bassari, Evolution du mariage, Veuvage, Lévirat, MARIAGE, POLYGAMIE, DISCRIMINATION SEXUELLE, DEMOGRAPHIE, General Medicine, SOCIETE TRADITIONNELLE, SOCIETE MATRILINEAIRE, EVOLUTION, AGE, FEMME, FAMILLE, CONDITION FEMININE, LEVIRAT, VEUVAGE, Levirate, Eastern Senegal, Evolution of marriage, Widowhood, SYSTEME MATRIMONIAL, DONNEES STATISTIQUES
Abstract

In Eastern Senegal, in 1930, every Bassari widow was inherited by her husband's brother. Since that time, the frequency of levirate dropped dramatically: from 91 % (1930-1959) to 65 % (1960-1979) and 17 % (1980-1995). Today unherited widows do not marry another man more often than before, but they choose to live with one of their children, or alone. Among the demographic, economic and psychological facts which can contribute to this evolution, one seems very important: the higher frequency of aging wifes leaving the residence of their husbands and going to live with one of their children with whom they will go on residing after their husbands death., Chez les Bassari du Sénégal Oriental, le lévirat (selon lequel la veuve est héritée par le frère de son mari) concernait en 1930 toutes les veuves. Depuis, sa fréquence est passée de 91 % (de 1930 à 1959) à 65 % (de 1960 à 1979) et 17 % (de 1980 à 1995). Aujourd'hui, les femmes non héritées ne se marient pas plus souvent qu'autrefois avec un autre homme que le frère de leur mari mais choisissent de vivre soit chez un de leurs enfants, soit seules. Parmi les faits démographiques, économiques et psychologiques qui peuvent contribuer à cette évolution, l'un semble très important : la fréquence accrue des épouses âgées quittant le domicile de leurs maris pour s'installer chez un de leurs enfants, chez qui, devenues veuves, elles resteront., Gessain Monique, Desgrées du Loû Annabel. L'évolution du lévirat chez les Bassari. In: Journal des africanistes, 1998, tome 68, fascicule 1-2. Parcours de conversion. pp. 225-248.

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Decrease in sexual risk behaviours after early initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a 24-month prospective study in Côte d'Ivoire

Author

Kévin Jean, Delphine Gabillard, Raoul Moh, Christine Danel, Annabel Desgrées-du-Loû, Jean-Baptiste N'takpe, Jérôme Le Carrou, Anani Badjé, Serge Eholié, France Lert, Xavier Anglaret, Rosemary Dray-Spira, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Programme PAC-CI, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Treichville, Centre population et développement ( CEPED - UMR_D 196 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, This trial was supported by a grant from the French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales (ANRS, Paris, France, and grants ANRS 12136 and ANRS 12239). The sponsor of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

Subjects
Sexual partner, Male, antiretroviral treatment, sub-Saharan Africa, Time Factors, sexual behaviors, early ART initiation, HIV Infections, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Unsafe Sex, Randomized controlled trial, law, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Generalized estimating equation, SIDA, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 3. Good health, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, COMPORTEMENT SEXUEL, Female, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Adult, TRANSMISSION, Anti-HIV Agents, Sexual Behavior, HIV prevention, QUESTIONNAIRE, CHANGEMENT, sexual behaviours, THERAPIE ANTIRETROVIRALE, TRAITEMENT MEDICAL, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), ETUDE COMPARATIVE, medicine, Humans, ADULTE, PARTENAIRE SEXUEL, HIV 37 prevention, 030505 public health, business.industry, ETUDE REGIONALE, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, Odds ratio, 1199 Other Medical And Health Sciences, PREVENTION SANITAIRE, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Cote d'Ivoire, business, Demography
Abstract

Introduction : Whether early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation could impact sexual risk behaviours remains to be documented. We aimed to investigate changes in sexual behaviours within the 24 months following an early versus standard ART initiation in HIV-positive adults with high CD4 counts. Methods : We used data from a prospective behavioural study nested in a randomized controlled trial of early ART (Temprano-ANRS12136). Time trends in sexual behaviours from enrolment in the trial (M0) to 12-month (M12) and 24-month (M24) visits were measured and compared, using Generalized Estimating Equations models, between participants randomly assigned either to initiate ART immediately (early ART) or to defer ART initiation until on-going WHO starting criteria are met (standard ART). Indicators of sexual behaviours included 1) sexual activity in the past year, 2) multiple partnership in the past year, 3) unprotected sex at last intercourse and 4) risky sex (i.e. unprotected sex with a partner of HIV negative/unknown status) at last intercourse. Results : Analyses included 1952 participants (975 with early ART and 977 with standard ART; overall median baseline CD4 count: 469/mm 3 ). Among participants with early ART, significant decreases were found between M0 and M24 in sexual activity (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 0.57–0.92), multiple partnership (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41–0.79), unprotected sex (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47–0.75) and risky sex (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45–0.76). Among participants with standard ART, sexual behaviours showed similar trends over time. These decreases mostly occurred within the 12 months following enrolment in the trial in both groups and prior to ART initiation in participants with standard ART. For unprotected sex and risky sex, decreases were or tended to be more pronounced among patients reporting that their last sexual partner was non-cohabiting. Conclusions : In these sub-Saharan adults with high CD4 counts, entry into HIV care, rather than ART initiation, resulted in decreased sexual activity and risky sexual behaviours. We did not observe any evidence of a risk compensation phenomenon associated with early ART initiation. These results illustrate the potential behavioural preventive effect of early entry into care, which goes hand in hand with early ART initiation. Keywords: HIV; AIDS; antiretroviral treatment; sexual behaviours; early ART initiation; HIV prevention; sub-Saharan Africa. To access the supplementary material to this article please see Supplementary Files in the column to the right (under Article Tools) (Published: 30 June 2014) Citation: Jean K et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2014, 17 :18977 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/18977 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.17.1.18977

Published
2013

50. Increasing HIV testing among male partners

Author

Patrice Tchendjou, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, François Dabis, Marija Miric, Fred Eboko, Melanie Plazy, Joanna Orne-Gliemann, Eddy Perez-Then, Eric Balestre, Maia Butsashvili, Sanjeevani Kulkarni, and Shrinivas Darak

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Psychological intervention, Logistic regression, Georgia (Republic), law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, MALE INVOLVEMENT, law, Pregnancy, RWANDA, HIV Seropositivity, PROGRAM, Immunology and Allergy, Mass Screening, Cameroon, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education.field_of_study, biology, Transmission (medicine), virus diseases, MEN, Prenatal Care, trial, testing, counselling, TANZANIA, Infectious Diseases, Sexual Partners, Female, women, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Sexual Behavior, Immunology, Population, Directive Counseling, India, ANTENATAL ATTENDANCE, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), male, medicine, Humans, education, COUPLES, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Dominican Republic, HIV, Odds ratio, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, PREVENTION, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, EASTERN UGANDA, Tanzania, Family medicine, business, TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION
Abstract

Objective: Couple-oriented posttest HIV counselling (COC) provides pregnant women with tools and strategies to invite her partner to HIV counselling and testing. We conducted a randomized trial of the efficacy of COC on partner HIV testing in low/medium HIV prevalence settings (Cameroon, Dominican Republic, Georgia, India).Methods: Pregnant women were randomized to receive standard posttest HIV counselling or COC and followed until 6 months postpartum. Partner HIV testing events were notified by site laboratories, self-reported by women or both combined. Impact of COC on partner HIV testing was measured in intention-to-treat analysis. Socio-behavioural factors associated with partner HIV testing were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.Results: Among 1943 pregnant women enrolled, partner HIV testing rates (combined indicator) were 24.7% among women from COC group versus 14.3% in standard posttest HIV counselling group in Cameroon [odds ratio (OR) = 2.0 95% CI (1.2-3.1)], 23.1 versus 20.3% in Dominican Republic [OR = 1.2 (0.8-1.8)], 26.8 versus 1.2% in Georgia [OR = 29.6 (9.1-95.6)] and 35.4 versus 26.6% in India [OR = 1.5 (1.0-2.2)]. Women having received COC did not report more conjugal violence or union break-ups than in the standard posttest HIV counselling group. The main factors associated with partner HIV testing were a history of HIV testing among men in Cameroon, Dominican Republic and Georgia and the existence of couple communication around HIV testing in Georgia and India.Conclusion: A simple prenatal intervention taking into account the couple relationship increases the uptake of HIV testing among men in different socio-cultural settings. COC could contribute to the efforts towards eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AIDS 2013, 27:1167-1177

Published
2013

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results