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Objetivos: demostrar el efecto de la infusión de adrenalina en relación con la noradrenalina con el propósito de prevenir la hipotensión materna post anestesia intradural. Métodos: estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, analítico y doble ciego con enfoque cuantitativo. Población de 114, muestra de 46 pacientes dividido en 2 agrupaciones. grupo A (noradrenalina) y grupo B (adrenalina) a dosis de 0,02 mcg/kg/min. Medición de variables continuas se sacó media y aplicación de prueba de normalidad de Shapiro- Wilk. Se aplicó T de student para las medias y U de Mann – Whitney para las medianas. En variables nominales se sacó frecuencia. Resultados: la media de la edad entre 32 a 33 años de ambas agrupaciones, con latido cardiaco significativo en T3 y T4 para el grupo B, valor p 0,045 y 0,000. Sin cambios importantes en la tensión arterial ni en las puntuaciones del APGAR. Los efectos secundarios son la presencia de cefalea posiblemente relacionado con uso de oxitocina. 18 y 16 pacientes no presentaron hipotensión con chi cuadrado de 0,89. Volumen total de cristaloides de 650 ml a 700 ml tanto en el grupo A y B. El costo referencial fue de 0,9 bolivianos. Conclusiones: la adrenalina es un vasopresor sugerente, sin alteraciones en los latidos cardíacos maternos, pero con un mayor control que la noradrenalina, y con una acción similar en la tensión arterial media en ambas agrupaciones.

We report the anesthetic management of a parturient with Takayasu arteritis and several comorbidities scheduled for elective cesarean section with the authorization of the institutional ethics committee. A twosegment combined spinal-epidural technique was used to provide anesthesia with close control of invasive arterial pressure and the use of Norepinephrine endovenous infusion. Likewise, a literature review of the two-segment combined technique for cesarean section in pregnant women with this disease was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to demonstrate the effect of adrenaline infusion in relation to noradrenaline for the purpose of preventing maternal hypotension post intradural anesthesia. Methods: a total of 114 people, a sample of 46 patients, are distributed in 2 distinct group: A (noradrenaline) and B (adrenaline) at a dose of 0.02 µg/kg/ min. Mean of continuous variables was measured and Shapiro – Wilk normality test was applied. Student's T was applied for the means and Mann-Whitney U for the medians. The frequency was determined for nominal variables. Results: the age was 32 to 33 years, with a significant heartbeat in T3 and T4 for group B, p value 0.045 and 0.000. No significant changes in blood pressure or APGAR scores. Side effects are the presence of headache possibly related to the use of oxytocin. 18 and 16 patients did not present hypotension with chi square of 0.89. Total volume of crystalloids from 650 ml to 700 ml in both groups A and B. The reference cost was 0.9 bolivianos. Conclusions: adrenaline is a suggestive vasopressor, without alterations in maternal heartbeat, but with greater control than noradrenaline, and with a similar action on mean arterial pressure in both groups [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo. Describir los esquemas y efectividad del tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, en el que se revisaron y analizaron 305 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidas entre enero y marzo del 2021, se recolectaron datos como los esquemas de tratamiento, frecuencia del dolor, manejo analgésico, rescates, uso de opioides, y efectos adversos. Resultados. De las 303 historias clínicas incluidas en el estudio el esquema de tratamiento más usado fue morfina intratecal en combinación de un a analgésico vía endovenosa (93.1%) el cual se inició en sala de operaciones, los efectos adversos más frecuentes fueron náuseas y vómitos (4.3%), prurito (1.3%), retención urinaria (0.3%). No se reportó, depresión respiratoria ni presencia de dolor severo; pero si hubo la necesidad de uso de rescate analgésico en un 20% de pacientes en el servicio de recuperación. Conclusiones. El esquema analgésico más usado para el dolor post operatorio fue morfina intratecal en combinación con un analgésico vía endovenosa (93.1%), y este esquema se inició durante la cirugía (98.7%). La analgesia multimodal incluyendo morfina neuroaxial aunado a analgésicos endovenosos tuvo menor incidencia del uso de medicamentos de rescate para controlar el dolor postoperatorio irruptivo secundario a cesárea en la muestra estudiada

Copyright of Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal is the property of Peruvian Journal of Maternal Perinatal Research / Revista Peruana de Investigacion Materno Perinatal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive multi-systemic disorder due to DNA repair failure. It was originally described in 1936 in children of small stature, retinal atrophy and deafness, characterized by dwarfism, cachexia, photosensitivity, premature aging and neurologic deficits. The most typical feature is described as birdlike facies: protruding maxilla, facial lipoatrophy, sunken eyes, large ears and thin nose. Difficult airway management with subglottic stenosis and risk of gastric content aspiration has been described. Although the clinical characteristics of Cockayne syndrome have been well described in pediatric publications, there is only one report in the literature on anesthesia for an obstetric patient. We report the case of a pregnant patient diagnosed with Cockayne syndrome, submitted successfully to spinal anesthesia for a cesarean section due to cephalopelvic disproportion. In view of the difficult decision between inducing general anesthesia in a patient with a likely difficult airway, or neuraxial anesthesia in a patient with cardiovascular, respiratory and neurocognitive limitations, we suggest tailored management to reach the best results for the mother and newborn. Resumo: A síndrome de Cockayne é doença multissistêmica autossômica recessiva devido à falha no reparo do DNA. Originalmente descrita em 1936 em crianças de baixa estatura, atrofia retiniana e surdez, é caracterizada por nanismo, caquexia, fotossensibilidade, envelhecimento acelerado e déficits neurológicos. O mais típico é a fácies, descrita como similar à de um pássaro: maxila proeminente, atrofia do coxim adiposo bucal, olhos profundos, orelhas grandes e nariz fino. Tem sido descrita dificuldade no manejo da via aérea com estreitamento subglótico e risco de aspiração gástrica. Embora as características clínicas da síndrome de Cockayne sejam bem relatadas em publicações pediátricas, há apenas um relato de anestesia em paciente obstétrica na literatura. Relatamos o caso de gestante com diagnóstico de síndrome de Cockayne, submetida com sucesso a raquianestesia para parto cesariano por desproporção cefalopélvica. Diante da difícil decisão entre induzir anestesia geral em paciente com provável via aérea difícil ou anestesia neuroaxial, em meio a limitações cardiovasculares, respiratórias e neurocognitivas da paciente, conduta individualizada é sugerida para alcançar os melhores resultados para a gestante e o neonato.

Introduction: Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder that affects connective tissue. Case: We report the anesthetic management of a parturient with Marfan syndrome scheduled for an elective C-section. Successful use of a combined spinal-epidural technique was used to provide neuraxial anesthesia; however, she presented an unfavorable evolution due to maternal sepsis. Likewise, a literature review of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for C-sections in Marfan syndrome pregnant women was performed. Conclusion: Anesthetic management of parturients affected by Marfan syndrome during the cesarean section can be challenging. Strict blood pressure control during the intraoperative period has cornerstone importance. Likewise, neuraxial techniques have a significant percentage of failure in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El Taponamiento Cardiaco es la acumulación de líquido dentro del saco pericárdico, lo cual conlleva a un aumento de la presión intrapericardica, esto permite el deterioro de la capacidad del corazón para llenarse y actuar como bomba. Las causas son tuberculosis, colagenopatías, cáncer. En el embarazo se pueden enmascarar por los cambios fisiológicos propios del embarazo. El Gold estándar de detección es la ecocardiografía. El tratamiento del taponamiento cardiaco es la pericardiocentesis o el drenaje quirúrgico. Paciente de 26 años con embarazo de 32,6 semanas en trabajo de parto pretérmino, taponamiento cardiaco y post pericardiocentesis de 2 horas para culminación de embarazo. El manejo anestésico es complejo tanto para la madre y el recién nacido, mantener estabilidad hemodinámica y posterior traslado a unidad de terapia intensiva.

Cardiac tamponade is the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac, which leads to an increase in intrapericardial pressure, allowing the deterioration of the heart's ability to fill and act as a pump. Among its causes are tuberculosis, collagen disease, and cancer. In pregnancy, the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade can be masked by the physiological changes of pregnancy. The gold standard of detection is echocardiography. Treatment of cardiac tamponade is pericardiocentesis or surgical. The case of a 26-yearold patient is presented with: a 32.6 for week pregnancy in preterm labor, cardiac tamponade and 2-hour post-pericardiocentesis, for culminate of pregnancy. Anesthetic management is complex for both the mother and the newborn, basing on maintaining hemodynamic stability and subsequent transfer to the intensive care unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: durante operación cesárea, el principal efecto colateral de la anestesia espinal es la hipotensión inducida por anestesia espinal (HIAE). Objetivo: identificar las conductas en cuanto al uso de líquidos y vasopresores, para la prevención y manejo de la HIAE durante cesárea en mujeres sanas. Metodología: se realizó encuesta vía correo electrónico a los miembros de la Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación (SCARE) en abril de 2012 con el fin de determinar sus estrategias para prevención y manejo de la HIAE en cuanto al uso de líquidos y vasopresores. Encuesta creada por los autores y sin proceso de validación. Resultados: 491 anestesiólogos de los 2113 (23.2%), respondieron la encuesta. El 61.7% de los participantes utilizaban solamente líquidos como estrategia de prevención de la HIAE. De ellos, el 60% lo administraba solo como precarga y el resto como cocarga. El 10.2% de todos los participantes combinaba líquidos endovenosos y vasopresores. El 3.7% utilizaba solo vasopresores y el 24.4% no utiliza ninguna de esas medidas como prevención de la HIAE. Los cristaloides fueron usados por más del 99% de los encuestados que administran líquidos rutinariamente, siendo la dosis de preferencia entre 500 y 1000 cc. Solo el 14% de los encuestados usa vasopresores en forma profiláctica, de los cuales el 53% usa etilefrina, la mayoría en forma de bolo endovenoso. La mayoría de los encuestados usa vasopresores solo en forma terapéutica, siendo preferida por el 65% la etilefrina, seguido por la efedrina, ambos administrados principalmente en forma de bolos endovenosos. Conclusión: la etilefrina es el agente más utilizado por un grupo de anestesiólogos colombianos pertenecientes a la SCARE, principalmente en forma de bolos endovenosos, como medida profiláctica y terapéuticamente para la HIAE en operación cesárea. Rev. cienc.biomed. 2014;5(2):263-271.

A síndrome de Cockayne é doença multissistêmica autossômica recessiva devido à falha no reparo do DNA. Originalmente descrita em 1936 em crianças com baixa estatura, atrofia retiniana e surdez, é caracterizada por nanismo, caquexia, fotossensibilidade, envelhecimento acelerado e déficits neurológicos. O mais típico é a fácies, descrita como similar à de um pássaro: maxila proeminente, atrofia do coxim adiposo bucal, olhos profundos, orelhas grandes e nariz fino. Tem sido descrita dificuldade no manejo da via aérea com estreitamento subglótico e risco de aspiração gástrica. Embora as características clínicas da síndrome de Cockayne sejam bem relatadas em publicações pediátricas, há apenas um relato de anestesia em paciente obstétrica na literatura. Relatamos o caso de gestante com diagnóstico de síndrome de Cockayne, submetida com sucesso a raquianestesia para parto cesariano por desproporção cefalopélvica. Diante da difícil decisão entre induzir anestesia geral em paciente com provável via aérea difícil ou anestesia neuroaxial, em meio a limitações cardiovasculares, respiratórias e neurocognitivas da paciente, conduta individualizada é sugerida para alcançar os melhores resultados para a gestante e o neonato. Cockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive multi‐systemic disorder due to DNA repair failure. It was originally described in 1936 in children of small stature, retinal atrophy and deafness, characterized by dwarfism, cachexia, photosensitivity, premature aging and neurologic deficits. The most typical feature is described as birdlike facies: protruding maxilla, facial lipoatrophy, sunken eyes, large ears and thin nose. Difficult airway management with subglottic stenosis and risk of gastric content aspiration has been described. Although the clinical characteristics of Cockayne syndrome have been well described in pediatric publications, there is only one report in the literature on anesthesia for an obstetric patient. We report the case of a pregnant patient diagnosed with Cockayne syndrome, submitted successfully to spinal anesthesia for a cesarean section due to cephalopelvic disproportion. In view of the difficult decision between inducing general anesthesia in a patient with a likely difficult airway, or neuraxial anesthesia in a patient with cardiovascular, respiratory and neurocognitive limitations, we suggest tailored management to reach the best results for the mother and newborn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Tetralogía de Fallot es la enfermedad cardíaca congénita cianótica más común. Los cambios hemodinámicos pueden producir complicaciones multiorgánicas graves y mortales, la elección de la anestesia es muy difícil. Las técnicas combinadas espinales epidurales se han convertido en una alternativa a las intervenciones neuroaxiales tradicionales; las ventajas del bloqueo subaracnoideo o espinal se fusionan con la flexibilidad de la técnica epidural; ofrecen un bloqueo espinal de instauración rápida, eficaz y de toxicidad mínima, mejora un bloqueo inadecuado y prolonga la duración de la anestesia con suplementos epidurales. El propósito de este artículo es reportar el caso de una gestante con diagnóstico de Tetralogía de Fallot no corregida y la técnica anestésica de eficaz instauración sin producir cambios hemodinámicos perjudiciales para el binomio madre-hijo.

Introdução: A linfangioleiomiomatose (LAM) é uma doença rara de etiologia desconhecida, classicamente descrita em mulheres em idade reprodutiva e, ocasionalmente, na pós-menopausa. A gestação nestas pacientes é de alto risco, pois as alterações fisiológicas somam-se às da LAM, agravando o status cardiorrespiratório materno. Relato de Caso: Gestante, 29 anos, portadora de LAM e glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal (GESF) colapsante diagnosticadas há 2 anos, teve indicação de interrupção da gestação no curso da 35ª semana por piora da função renal. Espirometria revelou importante distúrbio restritivo. Internada no curso da 34ª semana de gestação submeteu-se a corticoterapia para a maturação pulmonar fetal, quando apresentou piora da função renal e foi indicada a cesárea. Optou-se pela anestesia regional combinada. Comentários: A prevalência da LAM em mulheres varia de 1 a 2,6:1.000.000 de mulheres. Surge associada à Esclerose Tuberosa ou de forma idiopática. No caso, adotou-se a anestesia regional combinada, em virtude da dificuldade no manejo da via aérea na gestante. Fatores hormonais parecem ter papel na iniciação e progressão da LAM.

Introdução: A punção acidental da dura é uma importante complicação da anestesia regional e a cefaleia pós-punção continua a ser causa de morbilidade na população obstétrica. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi calcular a incidência de punção acidental e cefaleia pós-punção no nosso Centro Hospitalar e avaliar a sua abordagem entre os anestesiologistas obstétricos. Material e Métodos: Realizámos uma auditoria retrospetiva, entre janeiro de 2007 e dezembro de 2014. Revimos as folhas de registo das doentes em que ocorreu punção inadvertida da dura ou cefaleia pós-punção. Excluímos as doentes submetidas a bloqueio subaracnoideu. Utilizámos o SPSS 22.0 no tratamento estatístico dos dados. Resultados: Obtivémos 18 497 bloqueios neuro-axiais e 58 punções acidentais da dura (0,3%). Após punção detetada, em 71,4% o cateter epidural foi re-posicionado e 21,4% tiveram cateteres intra-tecais. Quarenta e cinco (77,6%) desenvolveram cefaleia e a instituição de medidas profiláticas ocorreu em 76,1%. O tratamento conservador foi efetuado em todas as doentes. O blood patch epidural foi realizado em 32,8% com um sucesso de 84,2%. Discussão: A incidência de cefaleia pós-punção não está relacionada com o tipo de parto ou a inserção do cateter intra-tecal. A re-colocação do cateter epidural mantém-se a abordagem de eleição após punção. A instituição de medidas profiláticas é uma prática comum, apesar do baixo grau de eficácia. Realizámos blood patch epidural após falência do tratamento conservador. Conclusão: A incidência de punção inadvertida e cefaleia pós-punção foi semelhante à da literatura. Apesar de ser uma complicação comum, existe falta de consenso na sua abordagem.

Sin resumen

The case of a young patient who underwent a cesarean section is reported. She showed severe anemia in the perinatal tests, and did not improve with iron therapy with intramuscular Inferon. The patient received a blood transfusion which caused an immediate transfusion reaction with tremors, headache, chills and facial flushing. An inter consultation with the Department of Hematology was carried out and the patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolytic anemia with negative Coombs test. She had a spontaneous rupture of the membranes with uterine contractions at 39.2 weeks of gestational age, and had a hemoglobin level of 7.7g/l. The anesthetic management was based on an intentional hypervolemic hemodilution, the selection of endotracheal general anesthesia in rapid sequence, perioperative steroid use, infusion of tranexamic acid and intraoperative blood -saving measures. The maternal-fetal postoperative course was satisfactory and the patient was discharge under steroid treatment 96 hours after the intervention.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Ciclos temporais (claro/escuro; nascer/morrer, etc.) ao lado de condições ambientais (sincronizadores) influenciam a fisiologia do parto em função da existência de relógios endógenos (osciladores) que interagem com pistas sociais diuturnas. Nesta revisão foram ordenados os parâmetros anestésico-obstétricos cíclicos mais importantes no atendimento à parturiente. CONTEÚDO: Análise cronobiológica dos principais eventos da fisiopatologia obstétrica da Mulier sapiens: I) Período da embriogênese - risco de teratogênese; II) Da prematuridade ao pósdatismo: do parto eutócico à cerclagem uterina; III) A noite e o parto: maior incidência noturna do parto (facilitação fisiológica) e diurna da cesariana (opção do obstetra); IV) A lua e o parto - resultado não conclusivo; V) plantão noturno na Anestesia Obstétrica: contingência profissional de mais riscos; VI) Tempos da cesariana: retirada fetal: tempo UD (uterotomy - delivery) o mais curto possível; correção eficaz de hipotensão arterial e valorizar o tempo de jejum pré-anestésico; VII) Variação circadiana da distócia: dor; contração uterina; perda sanguínea; hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS); risco de alergia e asma brônquica. Na fase noturna há maior intensidade de contração e maiores riscos de hemorragia, de alergia e de asma. Em contraponto, há ausência de variação circadiana da HAS na eclâmpsia; VIII) Cronofarmacologia obstétrica: anestésicos locais, analgésicos, hipnóticos, anestésicos gerais e bloqueadores neuromusculares. A cronergia explica o pico analgésico matinal dos opioides, vespertino dos anestésicos locais e noturno dos anestésicos gerais inalatórios. CONCLUSÕES: A abordagem cronobiológica do atendimento anestésico ao parto na maternidade enfatiza a importância obstétrica da ritmicidade circadiana na humanização e segurança do parto.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Ciclos temporales (claro/oscuro; nacer/morir, etc.), y las condiciones ambientales (sincronizadores), influyen en la fisiología del parto en función de la existencia de relojes endógenos (osciladores), que interactúan con pistas sociales diuturnas. En esta revisión, fueron abordados los parámetros anestésico-obstétricos cíclicos más importantes en la atención a la parturiente. CONTENIDO: Análisis cronobiológico de los principales eventos de la fisiopatología obstétrica de la Mulier sapiens: I) Período de la embriogénesis y riesgo de teratogénesis; II) de la prematuridad al postdatismo: del parto eutócico al cerclaje uterino; III) La noche y el parto: mayor incidencia nocturna del parto (facilitación fisiológica), y diurna de la cesárea (opción del obstetra); IV) La luna y el parto (resultado no conclusivo); V) guardia nocturna en la Anestesia Obstétrica: contingencia profesional de más riesgos; VI) Tiempos de la cesárea: retirada fetal: tiempo UD (uterotomy - delivery), el más corto posible; corrección eficaz de la hipotensión arterial y valorización del tiempo de ayuno preanestésico; VII) Variación circadiana de la distocia: dolor; contracción uterina; pérdida sanguínea; hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS); riesgo de alergia y asma brónquica. En la fase nocturna, existe una mayor intensidad de contracción y más riesgos de hemorragia, de alergia y de asma. En contraposición, hay una falta de variación circadiana de la HAS en la eclampsia; VIII) Cronofarmacología obstétrica: anestésicos locales, analgésicos, hipnóticos, anestésicos generales y bloqueadores neuromusculares. La cronergia explica el pico analgésico matinal de los opioides, el vespertino de los anestésicos locales y el nocturno de los anestésicos generales inhalatorios. CONCLUSIONES: El abordaje cronobiológico de la atención anestésica al parto en la maternidad, enfatiza la importancia obstétrica del ritmo circadiano en la humanización y seguridad del parto.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporal cycles (dark/light; birth/death; etc.), along with environmental conditions (synchronizers), influence labor physiology because of the presence of endogenous clocks (oscillators) that interact with social diuturnal clues. In this review, the most important cyclic anesthetic-obstetric parameters in parturient care are listed. CONTENTS: Chronobiological analysis of the main events in the obstetric pathophysiology of Mulier sapiens: I) Embryogenesis - risk of teratogenesis; II) From prematurity to post-didacticism: from eutocic labor to cervical cerclage; III) Night and labor: higher incidence of nocturnal labor (physiological facilitation) and daylight cesarean section (choice of the obstetrician); IV) The moon and labor - non-conclusive results; V) The night shift in obstetric anesthesia: riskier professional contingency; VI) Phases of cesarean section: removal of the fetus: UD stage (uterotomy - delivery) as brief as possible; effective correction of hypotension and valorize pre-anesthetic fasting; VII) circadian variation of dystocia: pain; uterine contraction; blood loss; hypertension (HTN); risk of allergy and asthma. In the nocturnal phase, the intensity of contraction and risk of hemorrhage, allergy, and asthma are greater. On the other hand, HTN in eclampsia does not show circadian variation; VIII) Obstetric chronopharmacology: local anesthetics, analgesics, hypnotics, general anesthetics, and neuromuscular blockers. Chronoenergy explains the matinal peak of opioid analgesia, vespertine of local anesthetic, and nocturnal of inhalational anesthetics. CONCLUSIONS: The chronobiological approach of labor anesthesia emphasizes the obstetric importance of circadian rhythmicity in labor humanization and safety.

Epidural analgesia involves the technique of choice for pain relief of labor. Adverse neurological effects have been reported, one of which is called Horner syndrome, its evolution is usually benign, it does not require specific management, except clinical monitoring for the probable spread of local anesthetic cephalic. Most of the existing literature cases are isolated, in our paper we present a series of 3 clinical cases and reviewed its pathogenesis and management in the obstetric patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo de este estudio es comparar el efecto de bolos de efedrina y fenilefrina sobre el gasto cardíaco en la hipotensión que se produce tras la realización de anestesia espinal en cesáreas programadas. La anestesia espinal es la técnica de elección para cesáreas y conlleva disminución de las resistencias vasculares periféricas, del retorno venoso y un aumento compensador del gasto cardíaco que asociados a las peculiaridades del embarazo a término hacen que se convierta en un periodo crítico para la madre y el bebé. La utilización de fármacos vasopresores en los episodios hipotensivos es muy frecuente, sin embargo existen pocos estudios que comparen los diferentes efectos de estos sobre el gasto cardíaco de forma continua.

Resumo Dexmedetomidina é um α 2 ‐agonista altamente seletivo que recentemente revolucionou a nossa prática de anestesia e tratamento intensivo. Uma paciente obstétrica foi admitida para cesariana de emergência sob anestesia geral, com pré‐eclâmpsia e hemorragia pós‐parto. Em casos cuidadosamente selecionados com hipertensão refratária e hemorragia pós‐parto, dexmedetomidina pode ser usada para melhorar o resultado geral da paciente. O fármaco foi benéfico no controle tanto da pressão arterial quanto do sangramento uterino durante cesariana em nossa paciente. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α‐2 agonist which has recently revolutionized our anesthesia and intensive care practice. An obstetric patient presented for emergency cesarean delivery under general anesthesia, with pre‐eclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage. In carefully selected cases with refractory hypertension and postpartum hemorrhage, dexmedetomidine can be used for improving overall patient outcome. It was beneficial in controlling both the blood pressure and uterine bleeding during cesarean section in our patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En cualquier escenario, la Vía Aérea Difícil (VAD) es la mayor causa de morbilidad y mortalidad relacionada con la intubación. En el contexto de la anestesia general de la paciente obstétrica, el manejo de la vía aérea toma especial relevancia dada la alta prevalencia de intubaciones dificultosas y/o fallidas, a pesar de los múltiples avances recientes en la materia. Las complicaciones de la anestesia general persisten como causa de mortalidad asociada a la anestesia en las mujeres embarazadas, en muchos casos relacionadas con la vía aérea. Además, pese a la mejora de las técnicas locorregionales/neuroaxiales, la anestesia general todavía se lleva a cabo en situaciones en las que las anteriores están contraindicadas o son inefectivas.

Introduction and objectives: Regional anesthesia provides excellent anesthesia and analgesia in obstetric patients, but has potential for complications such as post-dural puncture headache and permanent or transient nerve damage. This study aimed to describe the incidence of post-dural puncture headache and nerve damage in the obstetric population of auniversity hospital that was submitted to neuraxial blockades, comparing with the world literature, and identify risk factors. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort was performed including data collected in the records of post-anesthetic consults conducted during the year 2010. The main analysis was performed on the complaints of peripheral neurological deficits and headaches reported by patients, type of anesthesia and performed surgical procedures. A multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between the onset of lower limb paresthesias and the length of stay of these patients in the gynecological position and other variables. Results: A total of 2399 pregnant patients who had undergone neuraxial blockade were evaluated. Neurologic complications that occurred in these patients were divided into lower limb paresthesias (0.3%), transient radicular irritation (0.1%), and post-dural puncture headache (3%). The patients who stayed more than 60 min in gynecological position showed an odds ratio of evolution with lower limb paresthesias of 1.75 and patients who stayed more than 120 min showed an odds ratio of 2.1, but without statistical significance. Conclusions: Patients submitted to neuraxial blockades and placed in gynecological position were more likely to evolve with lower limb paresthesias related to duration of this position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introducción: La epidemia mundial del SIDA continúa creciendo, en 2006, 20,9 millones de personas fallecieron como consecuencia de enfermedades relacionadas con este. El VIH infecta a 1000 niños cada día en el Mundo, el 90% se contamino durante el embarazo, parto o lactancia, a partir de la madre infectada.Objetivos: Exponer los resultados de la conducta anestésica, en pacientes gestantes VIH positiva propuesta para cesárea electiva.Método: Se administró anestesia peridural en cinco pacientes con dosis única de Lidocaína y adrenergico.Resultados: Predominaron las adolescentes menores de 18 años, con tres pacientes (60 %). El tiempo de gestación fueron pretérminos tres y solamente dos casos a términos (40 %); la evolución intraoperatoria fue satisfactoria. Un sólo caso presentó hipotensión arterial que resolvió con volumen y efedrina. Todos los niños tuvieron Apgar adecuados.Conclusiones: La anestesia peridural ofrece estabilidad cardiovascular a la gestante con poca influencia sobre el feto y protege al Anestesiólogo al mantenerse intacta la duramadre.

The literature related with the anesthetic management of emergent C section is limited, for which reasonwe proposed the systematic evaluation of the existing literature on anesthetic management of obstetric patients undergoing emergency cesarean section in order to define the most appropriate interventions based on evidence. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken in MEDLINE, 1966 to December 2010, Cochrane Collaboration registry of clinical trials, Cochrane systematic review database, and LILACS. The study selection process was undertaken independently by two researcher-reviewers, who identified controlled clinical trials and cohort studies of anaesthetic management in emergency C-section. The data were extracted, reviewed and subjected to quality evaluation in duplicate fashion. In total, 2,297, 36, 221were examined, respectively, and of those 16 potentially relevant papers, 9 clinical trials and 7 observational studies were included in the study. A heterogeneity analysis was done using I2, with a result of 52%, and for this reason no meta-analysiswas conducted. Conclusions: The anaesthetist plays a critical part in mother-and-child care, prioritization of the C-section urgency, peridural anaesthesia extension with 2% lidocaine plus adjuvants (fentanyl plus fresh adrenaline), the use of vasopressors (phenylephrine, ephedrine) for the aggressive management of hypotension, the use of oxygen supplementation and the adequate management of general anaesthesia when indicated, contributing to a favourable impact on the outcome for both the mother and the baby. Long-term neonatal outcomes are not influenced by the type of anaesthesia given to the mother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cesarean section under general anesthesia is recommended in achondroplastic pregnant patients; however, the use of conductive techniques has been recently reported, with acceptable results. Objective: To describe the anesthesia management in an achondroplastic patient scheduled for C-section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Methods and results: We present the case of a first pregnancy in a patient with achondroplasia, height 110cm and 37 weeks of gestation. The patient underwent cesarean section under ultrasound-guided conductive anesthesia, using a titrated mixture of local anesthetic and opiate, with good results for the mother and child. Conclusions: Conductive anesthesia is an option in C-section in patients with achondroplasia. Although there are no clear recommendations to guide a safe access to the neuroaxis or to administer anesthetic agents at this level, ultrasound and the titrated administration of neuraxial drugs (epidural, epidural-spinal and continuous spinal) for improved safety and efficacy of the technique in this type of patients may be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of opioids to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia has been shown to improve quality of anesthesia by the action of fentanyl, and extend postoperative analgesia by the effect of morphine. Side effects, particularly respiratory depression, have prevented their widespread use. Studies are not consistent regarding the incidence of respiratory depression due to the variety of definitions of this complication and the doses of opioids used. Low dose regimens currently used do not produce further respiratory depression than parenteral opioids. The high levels of progesterone, a potent respiratory stimulant, makes safe the use of neuroaxial opioids in scenarios such as obstetrical anesthesia or analgesia, hence their use should not be overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)