349 results on '"Anckarsäter, Henrik"'
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2. What does current science tell us about the accuracy, reliability, and completeness of intoxicated witnesses? A case example of the murder of a prime minister
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Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, primary, de Bejczy, Andrea, additional, Anckarsäter, Henrik, additional, and Guðjónsson, Gísli, additional
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- 2022
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3. Agentic, communal, and spiritual traits are related to the semantic representation of written narratives of positive and negative life events
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Garcia, Danilo, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Kjell, Oscar N. E., Archer, Trevor, Rosenberg, Patricia, Cloninger, C. Robert, and Sikström, Sverker
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- 2015
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4. Examining and interpreting the female protective effect against autistic behavior
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Robinson, Elise B., Lichtenstein, Paul, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Happé, Francesca, and Ronald, Angelica
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- 2013
5. Associations between conduct problems in childhood and adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood: a longitudinal Swedish nationwide twin cohort
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Lichtenstein, Paul, Cederlöf, Martin, Lundström, Sebastian, D'Onofrio, Brian M., Anckarsäter, Henrik, Larsson, Henrik, and Pettersson, Erik
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Conduct Disorder ,Male ,Parents ,Sweden ,Adolescent ,Twins ,Original Articles ,internalizing disorder ,comorbidity ,Young Adult ,Diseases in Twins ,Humans ,Original Article ,externalizing disorder ,Female ,Gene-Environment Interaction ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child - Abstract
Background We examined whether childhood conduct problems predicted a wide range of adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood and whether the association with internalizing problems remained after adjusting for general comorbidity and externalizing problems. Methods Participants were 18,649 twins from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. At age 9/12, parents rated their children on eight conduct problems. Adverse outcomes were retrieved from national registers in emerging adulthood (median follow‐up time = 9.2 years), including diagnoses of six psychiatric disorders, prescriptions of antidepressants, suicide attempts, criminality, high school ineligibility, and social welfare recipiency. We estimated risk for the separate outcomes and examined if conduct problems predicted an internalizing factor above and beyond a general comorbidity and an externalizing factor. We used twin analyses to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to these associations. Results On the average, each additional conduct symptom in childhood was associated with a 32% increased risk of the adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood (mean hazard ratio = 1.32; range = 1.16, 1.56). A latent childhood conduct problems factor predicted the internalizing factor in emerging adulthood (βboys = .24, standard error, SE = 0.03; βgirls = .17, SE = 0.03), above and beyond its association with the externalizing (βboys = 0.21, SE = 0.04; βgirls = 0.17, SE = 0.05) and general factors (βboys = 0.45, SE = 0.03; βgirls = 0.34, SE = 0.04). These associations were differentially influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Conclusions It is important to monitor boys and girls with conduct problems not only for future externalizing problems, but also for future internalizing problems. Prevention of specific outcomes, however, might require interventions at different levels.
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- 2019
6. Patterns of Lifetime Criminality in Mentally Disordered Offenders – Findings From a Nationally Representative Cohort
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Krona, Hedvig, primary, Anckarsäter, Henrik, additional, Nilsson, Thomas, additional, and Hofvander, Björn, additional
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- 2021
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7. The Quantified Behavioral Test Failed to Differentiate ADHD in Adolescents With Neurodevelopmental Problems
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Johansson, Viktoria, Noren Selinus, Eva, Kuja-Halkola, Ralf, Lundström, Sebastian, Durbeej, Natalie, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Lichtenstein, Paul, Hellner, Clara, Johansson, Viktoria, Noren Selinus, Eva, Kuja-Halkola, Ralf, Lundström, Sebastian, Durbeej, Natalie, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Lichtenstein, Paul, and Hellner, Clara
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Objective: The Quantified Behavioral Test (QbTest) is a computerized diagnostic test for ADHD, used in clinical psychiatric care, but its validity may be questioned. We analyzed the QbTest's diagnostic validity and its relation to cognitive ability and psychosocial factors in an adolescent population with a high occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Method: In total, 340 participants aged 15 years, completed the QbTest, along with questionnaires, clinical and intelligence quotient (IQ) assessments. Results: The clinical assessment resulted in 89 (26%) participants with ADHD. Area under curve (AUC) scores indicated a random to poor validity of the QbTest (AUC range = 0.48-0.64). QbTest scores of inattention and impulsivity correlated with IQ. Conclusion: The QbTest was insufficient as a diagnostic test for ADHD, and was not able to differentiate ADHD from other neurodevelopmental conditions. Clinicians should be aware of the dubious discriminating power of the QbTest.
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- 2021
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8. The relationship between intelligence and global adaptive functioning in young people with or without neurodevelopmental disorders
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åsberg Johnels, Jakob, Yngvesson, Paul, Billstedt, Eva, Gillberg, Christopher, Halldner, Linda, Råstam, Maria, Gustafsson, Peik, Selinus, Eva Norén, Lichtenstein, Paul, Hellner, Clara, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Lundström, Sebastian, åsberg Johnels, Jakob, Yngvesson, Paul, Billstedt, Eva, Gillberg, Christopher, Halldner, Linda, Råstam, Maria, Gustafsson, Peik, Selinus, Eva Norén, Lichtenstein, Paul, Hellner, Clara, Anckarsäter, Henrik, and Lundström, Sebastian
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Previous studies have shown an association between IQ and adaptive global functioning, i.e. how well a person is functioning in different domains of life. However, it is unclear to what extent such an association applies in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The study group consisted of 550 population-screened children assessed with the K-SADS, WISC-IV, and the C-GAS. Approximately half of the sample had been diagnosed with one or several NDDs (ADHD, autism, language disorder and tic disorder). A factorial ANOVA with IQ level and the presence of NDD was conducted, with C-GAS score as the dependent variable. Results revealed a significant interaction effect between IQ-group and NDD-status. In the non-NDD group (49% girls), higher IQ scores were clearly linked with better global adaptive functioning. Among children with NDDs (35% girls), however, higher IQ scores were not clearly associated with better functioning. Thus, the association between IQ and adaptive functioning were found to differ depending on the presence of NDD. These results have implications for the interpretation of IQ test results in neurodevelopmental assessments and point towards the importance of providing support based on an assessment of needs and functioning rather than scores from IQ tests.
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- 2021
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9. Den rättspsykiatriska vården är inte rättssäker – agera nu
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Kindström Dahlin, Moa, Bennet, Tova, Nilsson, Anna, Kristiansson, Marianne, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Nordlöf, Kerstin, Radovic, Susanna, Nilsson, Thomas, Fridström Montoya, Therése, Andiné, Peter, Kindström Dahlin, Moa, Bennet, Tova, Nilsson, Anna, Kristiansson, Marianne, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Nordlöf, Kerstin, Radovic, Susanna, Nilsson, Thomas, Fridström Montoya, Therése, and Andiné, Peter
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- 2020
10. Den rättspsykiatriska vården är inte rättssäker – agera nu
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Bennet, Tova, Kindström Dahlin, Moa, Nilsson, Anna, Kristiansson, Marianne, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Nordlöf, Kerstin, Radovic, Susanna, Nilsson, Thomas, Fridström Montoya, Therése, Andiné, Peter, Bennet, Tova, Kindström Dahlin, Moa, Nilsson, Anna, Kristiansson, Marianne, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Nordlöf, Kerstin, Radovic, Susanna, Nilsson, Thomas, Fridström Montoya, Therése, and Andiné, Peter
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Det svenska rättssystemet som tillåter att vi dömer psykiskt sjuka för brott och att personer som saknar vårdbehov kan hållas frihetsberövade inom rättspsykiatrin under mycket lång tid med oklart vårdinnehåll, är unikt och har fått rättmätig kritik under lång tid. Ändå händer ingenting.
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- 2020
11. Associations between conduct problems in childhood and adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood : a longitudinal Swedish nationwide twin cohort
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Lichtenstein, Paul, Martin, Cederlöf, Lundström, Sebastian, D'Onofrio, Brian M., Anckarsäter, Henrik, Larsson, Henrik, Pettersson, Erik, Lichtenstein, Paul, Martin, Cederlöf, Lundström, Sebastian, D'Onofrio, Brian M., Anckarsäter, Henrik, Larsson, Henrik, and Pettersson, Erik
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BACKGROUND: We examined whether childhood conduct problems predicted a wide range of adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood and whether the association with internalizing problems remained after adjusting for general comorbidity and externalizing problems. METHODS: Participants were 18,649 twins from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. At age 9/12, parents rated their children on eight conduct problems. Adverse outcomes were retrieved from national registers in emerging adulthood (median follow-up time = 9.2 years), including diagnoses of six psychiatric disorders, prescriptions of antidepressants, suicide attempts, criminality, high school ineligibility, and social welfare recipiency. We estimated risk for the separate outcomes and examined if conduct problems predicted an internalizing factor above and beyond a general comorbidity and an externalizing factor. We used twin analyses to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to these associations. RESULTS: On the average, each additional conduct symptom in childhood was associated with a 32% increased risk of the adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood (mean hazard ratio = 1.32; range = 1.16, 1.56). A latent childhood conduct problems factor predicted the internalizing factor in emerging adulthood (beta(boys) = .24, standard error, SE = 0.03; beta(girls) = .17, SE = 0.03), above and beyond its association with the externalizing (beta(boys) = 0.21, SE = 0.04; beta(girls) = 0.17, SE = 0.05) and general factors (beta(boys) = 0.45, SE = 0.03; beta(girls) = 0.34, SE = 0.04). These associations were differentially influenced by genetic and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to monitor boys and girls with conduct problems not only for future externalizing problems, but also for future internalizing problems. Prevention of specific outcomes, however, might require interventions at different levels.
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- 2020
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12. Assessing autism in females: The importance of a sex-specific comparison
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Lundström, Sebastian, Mårland, Caroline, Kuja-Halkola, Ralf, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Lichtenstein, Paul, Gillberg, Christopher, and Nilsson, Thomas
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mental disorders ,behavioral disciplines and activities - Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed more often in boys than girls. Here, we compared the degree of autism - and related disorders - symptomatology in boys and girls with a registered diagnosis of ASD. We used parent telephone interview A-TAC (Autism-Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities) ratings of 30,392 twins aged 9 or 12 (including 308 boys and 122 girls with National Patient Register diagnoses of ASD) participating in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. We used z-scores for ASD-symptoms, standardized separately for boys and girls. Boys with a diagnosis of ASD had a higher raw mean score than girls with a diagnosis on the A-TAC ASD domain. However, utilizing the z-scores, girls with a diagnosis of ASD deviated further away from the female population mean than did the boys with ASD from the male population mean. Girls also had higher standardized mean values for symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Learning Disabilities and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. The findings suggest that girls diagnosed with autism may represent an even more extreme end of the female population autistic features distribution, than diagnosed boys from the male population autistic features distribution. Future studies may benefit from examining the use of sex-specific cut-off scores.
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- 2019
13. Adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa - missing half of the story?
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Wentz, Elisabet, Gillberg, Carina I., Anckarsäter, Henrik, Gillberg, Christopher, and Råstam, Maria
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- 2009
14. Influence of androgen receptor repeat polymorphisms on personality traits in men
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Westberg, Lars, Henningsson, Susanne, Landén, Mikael, Annerbrink, Kristina, Melke, Jonas, Nilsson, Staffan, Rosmond, Roland, Holm, Göran, Anckarsäter, Henrik, and Eriksson, Elias
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- 2009
15. Adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: 18-year outcome
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Wentz, Elisabet, Gillberg, I. Carina, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Gillberg, Christopher, and Råstam, Maria
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- 2009
16. Psychiatric telephone interview with parents for screening of childhood autism – tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other comorbidities (A–TAC): Preliminary reliability and validity
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HANSSON, SARA LINA, RÖJVALL, ANNIKA SVANSTRÖM, RASTAM, MARIA, GILLBERG, CARINA, GILLBERG, CHRISTOPHER, and ANCKARSÄTER, HENRIK
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- 2005
17. Correction to : Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Alabaf, Setareh, Gillberg, Christopher, Lundström, Sebastian, Lichtenstein, Paul, Kerekes, Nora, Råstam, Maria, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Alabaf, Setareh, Gillberg, Christopher, Lundström, Sebastian, Lichtenstein, Paul, Kerekes, Nora, Råstam, Maria, and Anckarsäter, Henrik
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The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in Fig. 2 part labels, the label "d" was incorrectly labelled as "c" and the subsequent labels should be corrected as d, e, and f. The corrected Fig. 2 is given below., Erratum for Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. [J Autism Dev Disord. 2018]The original article has been corrected.
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- 2019
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18. Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
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Alabaf, Setareh, Gillberg, Christopher, Lundström, Sebastian, Lichtenstein, Paul, Kerekes, Nora, Råstam, Maria, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Alabaf, Setareh, Gillberg, Christopher, Lundström, Sebastian, Lichtenstein, Paul, Kerekes, Nora, Råstam, Maria, and Anckarsäter, Henrik
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With increasing numbers of children being diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) attention has been drawn to these children's physical health. We aimed to identify the prevalence of defined physical problems (epilepsy, migraine, asthma, cancer, diabetes, psoriasis, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, diarrhea, constipation, daytime enuresis, encopresis) in a nationwide population of 9- and 12-year-old twins subdivided into those with and without indications of NDDs. Parents of 28,058 twins participated in a well-validated telephone interview regarding their children's mental health and answered questions about their physical problems. The results indicate a high rate of physical problems in children with NDDs, particularly in those with indications of the presence of combinations of several NDDs.
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- 2019
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19. Changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in response to non-neurological surgery: an observational study
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Bromander Sara, Anckarsäter Rolf, Kristiansson Marianne, Blennow Kaj, Zetterberg Henrik, Anckarsäter Henrik, and Wass Caroline E
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Cytokine ,Blood–brain barrier ,Central nervous system ,Arthroplastic surgery ,Cortisol ,Albumin ,Interleukin ,Inflammation ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Surgery launches an inflammatory reaction in the body, as seen through increased peripheral levels of cytokines and cortisol. However, less is known about perioperative inflammatory changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Our aim was to compare inflammatory markers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) before and after surgery and evaluate their association with measures of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Methods Thirty-five patients undergoing knee arthroplastic surgery with spinal anesthesia had CSF and serum samples drawn before, after and on the morning following surgery. Cytokines and albumin in serum and CSF and cortisol in CSF were assessed at all three points. Results Cytokines and cortisol were significantly increased in serum and CSF after surgery (Ps Ps 11.8). Serum and CSF levels of cytokines were unrelated, but there were strong correlations between CSF IL-2, IL-10 and IL-13, and albumin ratios (Ps Conclusion Cytokine increases in the CNS were substantially greater than in serum, indicating that the CNS inflammatory system is activated during peripheral surgery and may be regulated separately from that in the peripheral body. CSF cytokine increase may indicate sensitivity to trauma and is linked to BBB macromolecular permeability.
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- 2012
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20. Mutation screening of NOS1AP gene in a large sample of psychiatric patients and controls
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Nygren Gudrun, Schuroff Franck, Jamain Stéphane, Chaste Pauline, Anckarsäter Henrik, Scheid Isabelle, Betancur Catalina, Delorme Richard, Herbrecht Evelyn, Dumaine Anne, Mouren Marie, Råstam Maria, Leboyer Marion, Gillberg Christopher, and Bourgeron Thomas
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background The gene encoding carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1AP) is located on chromosome 1q23.3, a candidate region for schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous genetic and functional studies explored the role of NOS1AP in these psychiatric conditions, but only a limited number explored the sequence variability of NOS1AP. Methods We analyzed the coding sequence of NOS1AP in a large population (n = 280), including patients with schizophrenia (n = 72), ASD (n = 81) or OCD (n = 34), and in healthy volunteers controlled for the absence of personal or familial history of psychiatric disorders (n = 93). Results Two non-synonymous variations, V37I and D423N were identified in two families, one with two siblings with OCD and the other with two brothers with ASD. These rare variations apparently segregate with the presence of psychiatric conditions. Conclusions Coding variations of NOS1AP are relatively rare in patients and controls. Nevertheless, we report the first non-synonymous variations within the human NOS1AP gene that warrant further genetic and functional investigations to ascertain their roles in the susceptibility to psychiatric disorders.
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- 2010
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21. Neuroinflammation in Lyme neuroborreliosis affects amyloid metabolism
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Anckarsäter Henrik, Blennow Kaj, Bremell Daniel, Anckarsäter Rolf, Mattsson Niklas, Zetterberg Henrik, and Hagberg Lars
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Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background The metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-amyloid (Aβ) is widely studied in Alzheimer's disease, where Aβ deposition and plaque development are essential components of the pathogenesis. However, the physiological role of amyloid in the adult nervous system remains largely unknown. We have previously found altered cerebral amyloid metabolism in other neuroinflammatory conditions. To further elucidate this, we investigated amyloid metabolism in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Methods The first part of the study was a cross-sectional cohort study in 61 patients with acute facial palsy (19 with LNB and 42 with idiopathic facial paresis, Bell's palsy) and 22 healthy controls. CSF was analysed for the β-amyloid peptides Aβ38, Aβ40 and Aβ42, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) isoforms α-sAPP and β-sAPP. CSF total-tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau) and neurofilament protein (NFL) were measured to monitor neural cell damage. The second part of the study was a prospective cohort-study in 26 LNB patients undergoing consecutive lumbar punctures before and after antibiotic treatment to study time-dependent dynamics of the biomarkers. Results In the cross-sectional study, LNB patients had lower levels of CSF α-sAPP, β-sAPP and P-tau, and higher levels of CSF NFL than healthy controls and patients with Bell's palsy. In the prospective study, LNB patients had low levels of CSF α-sAPP, β-sAPP and P-tau at baseline, which all increased towards normal at follow-up. Conclusions Amyloid metabolism is altered in LNB. CSF levels of α-sAPP, β-sAPP and P-tau are decreased in acute infection and increase after treatment. In combination with earlier findings in multiple sclerosis, cerebral SLE and HIV with cerebral engagement, this points to an influence of neuroinflammation on amyloid metabolism.
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- 2010
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22. The Autism - Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC): further validation of a telephone interview for epidemiological research
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Kadesjö Björn, Carlström Eva, Ståhlberg Ola, Gillberg Carina, Anckarsäter Henrik, Larson Tomas, Råstam Maria, Lichtenstein Paul, and Gillberg Christopher
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Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Reliable, valid, and easy-to-administer instruments to identify possible caseness and to provide proxies for clinical diagnoses are needed in epidemiological research on child and adolescent mental health. The aim of this study is to provide further validity data for a parent telephone interview focused on Autism - Tics, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), and other Comorbidities (A-TAC), for which reliability and preliminary validation data have been previously reported. Methods Parents of 91 children clinically diagnosed at a specialized Child Neuropsychiatric Clinic, 366 control children and 319 children for whom clinical diagnoses had been previously assigned were interviewed by the A-TAC over the phone. Interviewers were blind to clinical information. Different scores from the A-TAC were compared to the diagnostic outcome. Results Areas under ROC curves for interview scores as predictors of clinical diagnoses were around 0.95 for most disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), tic disorders, developmental coordination disorders (DCD) and learning disorders, indicating excellent screening properties. Screening cut-off scores with sensitivities above 0.90 (0.95 for ASD and AD/HD) were established for most conditions, as well as cut-off scores to identify proxies to clinical diagnoses with specificities above 0.90 (0.95 for ASD and AD/HD). Conclusions The previously reported validity of the A-TAC was supported by this larger replication study using broader scales from the A-TAC-items and a larger number of diagnostic categories. Short versions of algorithms worked as well as larger. Different cut-off levels for screening versus identifying proxies for clinical diagnoses are warranted. Data on the validity for mood problems and oppositional defiant/conduct problems are still lacking. Although the A-TAC is principally intended for epidemiological research and general investigations, the instrument may be useful as a tool to collect information in clinical practice as well.
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- 2010
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23. Psychiatric and psychosocial problems in adults with normal-intelligence autism spectrum disorders
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Herbrecht Evelyn, Ståhlberg Ola, Wentz Elisabet, Nydén Agneta, Chaste Pauline, Delorme Richard, Hofvander Björn, Stopin Astrid, Anckarsäter Henrik, Gillberg Christopher, Råstam Maria, and Leboyer Marion
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Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often display symptoms from other diagnostic categories. Studies of clinical and psychosocial outcome in adult patients with ASDs without concomitant intellectual disability are few. The objective of this paper is to describe the clinical psychiatric presentation and important outcome measures of a large group of normal-intelligence adult patients with ASDs. Methods Autistic symptomatology according to the DSM-IV-criteria and the Gillberg & Gillberg research criteria, patterns of comorbid psychopathology and psychosocial outcome were assessed in 122 consecutively referred adults with normal intelligence ASDs. The subjects consisted of 5 patients with autistic disorder (AD), 67 with Asperger's disorder (AS) and 50 with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD NOS). This study group consists of subjects pooled from two studies with highly similar protocols, all seen on an outpatient basis by one of three clinicians. Results Core autistic symptoms were highly prevalent in all ASD subgroups. Though AD subjects had the most pervasive problems, restrictions in non-verbal communication were common across all three subgroups and, contrary to current DSM criteria, so were verbal communication deficits. Lifetime psychiatric axis I comorbidity was very common, most notably mood and anxiety disorders, but also ADHD and psychotic disorders. The frequency of these diagnoses did not differ between the ASD subgroups or between males and females. Antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse were more common in the PDD NOS group. Of all subjects, few led an independent life and very few had ever had a long-term relationship. Female subjects more often reported having been bullied at school than male subjects. Conclusion ASDs are clinical syndromes characterized by impaired social interaction and non-verbal communication in adulthood as well as in childhood. They also carry a high risk for co-existing mental health problems from a broad spectrum of disorders and for unfavourable psychosocial life circumstances. For the next revision of DSM, our findings especially stress the importance of careful examination of the exclusion criterion for adult patients with ASDs.
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- 2009
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24. An investigation of ribosomal protein L10 gene in autism spectrum disorders
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Rastam Maria, Anckarsäter Henrik, Nygren Gudrun, Goubran-Botros Hany, Betancur Catalina, Chaste Pauline, Durand Christelle M, Fauchereau Fabien, Delorme Richard, Gong Xiaohong, Gillberg I Carina, Kopp Svenny, Mouren-Simeoni Marie-Christine, Gillberg Christopher, Leboyer Marion, and Bourgeron Thomas
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders with the male:female ratio of 4:1, implying the contribution of X chromosome genetic factors to the susceptibility of ASD. The ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) gene, located on chromosome Xq28, codes for a key protein in assembling large ribosomal subunit and protein synthesis. Two non-synonymous mutations of RPL10, L206M and H213Q, were identified in four boys with ASD. Moreover, functional studies of mutant RPL10 in yeast exhibited aberrant ribosomal profiles. These results provided a novel aspect of disease mechanisms for autism – aberrant processes of ribosome biosynthesis and translation. To confirm these initial findings, we re-sequenced RPL10 exons and quantified mRNA transcript level of RPL10 in our samples. Methods 141 individuals with ASD were recruited in this study. All RPL10 exons and flanking junctions were sequenced. Furthermore, mRNA transcript level of RPL10 was quantified in B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) of 48 patients and 27 controls using the method of SYBR Green quantitative PCR. Two sets of primer pairs were used to quantify the mRNA expression level of RPL10: RPL10-A and RPL10-B. Results No non-synonymous mutations were detected in our cohort. Male controls showed similar transcript level of RPL10 compared with female controls (RPL10-A, U = 81, P = 0.7; RPL10-B, U = 61.5, P = 0.2). We did not observe any significant difference in RPL10 transcript levels between cases and controls (RPL10-A, U = 531, P = 0.2; RPL10-B, U = 607.5, P = 0.7). Conclusion Our results suggest that RPL10 has no major effect on the susceptibility to ASD.
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- 2009
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25. Association between serum levels of C-reactive protein and personality traits in women
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Anckarsäter Henrik, Landén Mikael, Holm Göran, Rosmond Roland, Baghaei Fariba, Henningsson Susanne, and Ekman Agneta
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Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background While low-grade inflammation has consistently been observed in subjects with depression, studies on the possible relationship between inflammation and other aspects of brain function are as yet sparse. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible association between serum levels of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and personality traits. Methods In this study, serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP were determined by ELISA in a population of 270 42-year-old women recruited from the population registry who had been assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory. Self-reported previous or ongoing depression was also recorded. Unpaired two-tailed t-tests were used for comparison between two groups and correlations were evaluated by the calculation of Pearson's r-coefficient. Results The temperament trait harm avoidance was positively (r = 0.227, p < 0.05) and the character trait self-directedness was negatively (r = -0.261, p < 0.01) associated with serum levels of CRP (p-values corrected for multiple comparisons). The correlations between the personality traits and CRP were observed also after exclusion of subjects reporting ongoing depression (n = 26). Whereas women reporting ongoing depression showed significantly increased levels of CRP as compared to non-depressed women (n = 155), women reporting a history of depression displayed no significant difference in CRP levels as compared to women that reported that they had never been depressed. Conclusion Serum levels of CRP in women was found to be associated with the personality traits harm avoidance and self-directedness. In addition, moderately elevated levels may be a state dependent marker of depression.
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- 2008
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26. The Prison Adjusted Measure of Aggression (PAMA) : Psychometric Characteristics of a New Tool Measuring Change in Aggressive Behaviors in Correctional Settings
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Kerekes, Nora, Apelqvist, Susanne, Fielding, Cecilia, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Nilsson, Thomas, Kerekes, Nora, Apelqvist, Susanne, Fielding, Cecilia, Anckarsäter, Henrik, and Nilsson, Thomas
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There is a need for instruments that can be used in correctional settings to measure changes in aggressive behaviors over a limited time period. This study aimed to validate an instrument (the Prison Adjusted Measure of Aggression, PAMA) that assesses specifically the past month’s aggressive behaviors and is adapted for use in correctional facilities. The psychometric properties of the self-rated and interview versions of the PAMA were explored and compared to those of two well-established measures of aggression: The Staff Observation Aggression Scale (SOAS); and the self-rate Aggression Questionnaire-Revised Swedish Version (AQ-RSV). The study group comprised 93 male and 59 female inmates, who were followed for two months. During the study, the prevalence of aggressive acts was observed and reported by SOAS. On two occasions, at monthly intervals, subjects reported their own aggressive behaviors using AQ-RSV and the self-report version of the PAMA; also, a psychologist conducted interviews according to PAMA. This study’s main finding was that the self-rated version of PAMA is a valid measure of different types and dimensions of aggression (physical and verbal aggression, hostility) and has acceptable psychometric properties. Therefore, PAMA could potentially be of value for use in correctional services evaluating aggression managing treatment interventions., Available online 1 March 2018
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- 2018
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27. Associations Between Conduct Disorder, Neurodevelopmental Problems and Psychopathic Personality Traits in a Swedish Twin Youth Population
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Svensson, Olof, Sörman, Karolina, Durbeej, Natalie, Lichtenstein, Paul, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Kerekes, Nora, Nilsson, Thomas, Svensson, Olof, Sörman, Karolina, Durbeej, Natalie, Lichtenstein, Paul, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Kerekes, Nora, and Nilsson, Thomas
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Previous research has found a complex relationship between psychopathic traits, neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs), and conduct disorder (CD) in children. This study explores associations between psychopathic traits, assessed with the Child Problematic Traits Inventory—Short Version (CPTI-SV), and CD in children with and without coexisting NDPs (i.e., attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and autism spectrum disorder [ASD]) in a community-based sample of Swedish twins (n = 8762). Findings indicate weak to moderately strong correlations between psychopathic traits and CD, ADHD, and ASD, respectively. Furthermore, in univariable analyses, both psychopathic traits and NDPs displayed significant positive associations with being screened positive for CD, though only the grandiose-deceitful dimension of CPTI-SV and the ADHD domain concentration and attention deficits remained significantly associated with CD in a multivariable regression model. The results are relevant to screening and assessment in child and youth psychiatry, as a grandiose and deceitful interpersonal style may also be a valid sign of children at risk of developing CD., First Online: 29 June 2018Funders: Söderström-Königska Foundation; the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013, no. 602768
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28. Additional file 3: of The Autism–Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC): previous and predictive validity
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Mårland, Caroline, Lichtenstein, Paul, Degl’Innocenti, Alessio, Larson, Tomas, Råstam, Maria, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Gillberg, Christopher, Nilsson, Thomas, and Lundström, Sebastian
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CATSS data stratified by age. Table S1. and Table S2. include data from the 12- year-olds, born 1st of July 1992 to 30th of June 1995. Table S3. and Table S4. include data from the 9-year-olds, born 1st of July 1995 and onwards. (DOCX 31 kb)
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29. Additional file 2: of The Autism–Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC): previous and predictive validity
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Mårland, Caroline, Lichtenstein, Paul, Degl’Innocenti, Alessio, Larson, Tomas, Råstam, Maria, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Gillberg, Christopher, Nilsson, Thomas, and Lundström, Sebastian
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genetic structures ,mental disorders ,behavioral disciplines and activities - Abstract
ASD and ADHD sensitivity and specificity. The tables present the estimates from the ROC-curves for ASD and ADHD. Sensitivity and specificity values are presented for each possible A-TAC score. (DOCX 23 kb)
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30. Additional file 1: of The Autism–Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC): previous and predictive validity
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Mårland, Caroline, Lichtenstein, Paul, Degl’Innocenti, Alessio, Larson, Tomas, Råstam, Maria, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Gillberg, Christopher, Nilsson, Thomas, and Lundström, Sebastian
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mental disorders ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,psychological phenomena and processes ,nervous system diseases - Abstract
Cross tables. Include cross tables that present the numbers of true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative for all disorders in the total group. (DOCX 23 kb)
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31. The Autism–Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC): previous and predictive validity
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Mårland, Caroline, primary, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Degl’Innocenti, Alessio, additional, Larson, Tomas, additional, Råstam, Maria, additional, Anckarsäter, Henrik, additional, Gillberg, Christopher, additional, Nilsson, Thomas, additional, and Lundström, Sebastian, additional
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- 2017
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32. The protective effect of character maturity in child aggressive antisocial behavior
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Kerekes, Nora, Falk, Örjan, Brändström, Sven, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Råstam, Maria, Hofvander, Björn, Kerekes, Nora, Falk, Örjan, Brändström, Sven, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Råstam, Maria, and Hofvander, Björn
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BACKGROUND: Childhood aggressive antisocial behavior (CD) is one of the strongest predictors of mental health problems and criminal behavior in adulthood. The aims of this study were to describe personality profiles in children with CD, and to determine the strength of association between defined neurodevelopmental symptoms, dimensions of character maturity and CD. METHODS: A sample of 1886 children with a close to equal distribution of age (9 or 12) and gender, enriched for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric problems were selected from the nationwide Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Their parents rated them according to the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory following a telephone interview during which information about the children's development and mental health was assessed with the Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities inventory. RESULT: Scores on the CD module significantly and positively correlated with scores on the Novelty Seeking temperament dimension and negatively with scores on character maturity (Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness). In the group of children with either neurodevelopmental or behavioral problems, the prevalence of low or very low character maturity was 50%, while when these two problems coexisted the prevalence of low or very low character maturity increased to 70%. Neurodevelopmental problems (such as: oppositional defiant disorder, symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder) and low scores on character maturity emerged as independently significant predictors of CD; in a multivariable model, only oppositional defiant symptoms and impulsivity significantly increased the risk for coexisting CD while a mature self-agency in a child (Self-Directedness) remained a significant protective factor. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that children's willpower, the capacity to achieve personally chosen goals may be an important protective factor - even in the presence of neurodevelopm, Available online 29 April 2017
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33. Predictors of adolescents' consent to use health records for research and results from data collection in a Swedish twin cohort
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Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Lundholm, Cecilia, Örtqvist, Anne K., Hellner Gumpert, Clara, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Lundström, Sebastian, Almqvist, Catarina, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Lundholm, Cecilia, Örtqvist, Anne K., Hellner Gumpert, Clara, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Lundström, Sebastian, and Almqvist, Catarina
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Introduction: Nonrandom selection into a study population due to differences between consenters and non-consenters may introduce participation bias. Past investigations of factors predicting consent to collection of medical health records for research imply that age, sex, health status and education are of importance for participation, but disagree on the direction of effects. Very little is known about influences on consent from adolescents. Methods: Two cohorts of Swedish 15-year-old twins (total n=4,611) previously invited to the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) responded to a questionnaire with information on gender, individual’s health, height, weight and parental factors. The questionnaire included a question for consent to collection of medical health records. Predictors for consent were analysed using logistic regression. Additionally, regional differences in the collection of health records of consenters were evaluated. Results: Males were significantly less likely to consent compared to females (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64-0.85). The twin sibling’s decision to consent was strongly associated with consent (OR 10.9, 95% CI 8.76-13.5), and individuals whose parents had responded to the original CATSS study were more likely to consent to record collection at age 15 (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.81-2.75). Results of the subsequent collection of consenters’ medical health records varied between geographical regions of Sweden. Conclusion: We identified several predictors for adolescents’ consent to collection of their medical health records. Further selection was introduced through the subsequent record Page 3 of 32 collection. Whether this will induce participation bias in future studies depends on the research questions’ relationship to the identified predictors.
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34. Is there a female protective effect against attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Evidence from two representative twin samples
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Taylor, Mark J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Larsson, Henrik, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Greven, Corina U, Ronald, Angelica, Taylor, Mark J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Larsson, Henrik, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Greven, Corina U, and Ronald, Angelica
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Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more common in males than females, yet little is known about why this is the case. We aimed to test for the existence of a ‘female protective effect’ against ADHD traits in two European twin samples. Specifically, we aimed to test whether cotwins of females displaying extreme ADHD traits would display more ADHD traits than co-twins of males displaying extreme ADHD traits. Method: Parents of approximately 7,000 pairs of non-identical twins in Sweden, and around 4,000 pairs of twins in England and Wales, completed dimensional assessments of ADHD traits. Probands were selected on the basis of scoring within the highest 10% of the distribution in each sample. Dimensional scores of co-twins of probands, as well as the categorical recurrence rate, were investigated by proband sex. Results: Co-twins of female probands displayed higher mean ADHD trait scores (mean=0.62-0.79) than co-twins of male probands (mean=0.38-0.55) in both samples. This trend was significant in the Swedish sample (p<.01) and when the two samples were merged into a single, larger sample (p<.001). When the samples were merged, there was also a significant association between proband sex and co-twin’s categorical status, with more co-twins of female probands also being probands than co-twins of male probands. Conclusions: These findings support a female protective effect against ADHD behaviors in the general population, indicating that females require exposure to a greater degree of etiological factors than males to develop ADHD.
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35. Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and the development of adolescent alcohol problems : a prospective, population-based study of Swedish twins
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Quinn, Patrick D, Pettersson, Erik, Lundström, Sebastian, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Långström, Niklas, Hellner Gumpert, Clara, Larsson, Henrik, Lichtenstein, Paul, D'Onofrio, Brian M, Quinn, Patrick D, Pettersson, Erik, Lundström, Sebastian, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Långström, Niklas, Hellner Gumpert, Clara, Larsson, Henrik, Lichtenstein, Paul, and D'Onofrio, Brian M
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Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of problematic alcohol and other substance use in adolescence. This study used data from an ongoing, prospective, population-based twin study of Swedish children and adolescents to evaluate the extent to which the association between ADHD symptoms and alcohol problems reflects a unique source of genetic or environmental risk related to ADHD versus a broader predisposition to youth externalizing behavior. We used all available data from same-sex MZ and DZ twins on ADHD symptoms in childhood (age 9/12; N = 15,549) and alcohol problems in late adolescence (age 18; N = 2,564). Consistent with prior longitudinal studies, the phenotypic association between hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms and alcohol problems was small in magnitude, whereas the association for inattentive symptoms was even weaker. Additive genetic influences explained 99.8% of the association between hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and alcohol problems. Furthermore, we found that the genetic risk specifically associated with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms was attenuated when estimated in the context of externalizing behavior liability during childhood, of which ADHD symptoms were specific expressions. In sensitivity analyses exploring hyperactivity in mid-adolescence, we found a similar pattern of genetic associations. These results are consistent with previous findings of genetically driven overlap in the etiology of ADHD and problematic alcohol use. At least some of this cooccurrence may result from a general predisposition to externalizing behaviors in youth.
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- 2017
36. Personality and trait aggression profiles of male and female prison inmates
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Falk, Örjan, Sfendla, Anis, Brändström, Sven, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Nilsson, Thomas, Kerekes, Nora, Falk, Örjan, Sfendla, Anis, Brändström, Sven, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Nilsson, Thomas, and Kerekes, Nora
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Gender specific personality profiles in association with the level of aggressive antisocial behavior in offenders have not been previously investigated. In the present study we analyzed data collected from 65 male and 50 female offenders using structured protocols regarding criminal history (by criminal register data), trait aggression (by the Life History of Aggression (LHA) questionnaire), and personality profiles (by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)). Prison inmates differed significantly on several personality dimensions, most pronouncedly were they characterized with low character maturity (low scores in the Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness dimensions of TCI) when compared to gender and age matched controls of the general population. The majority of offenders scored distinctively high on trait aggression. There were moderate to strong associations between the personality dimensions and each of the subscales of LHA (Aggression, Self-directed Aggression and Antisocial behavior). These associations were stronger in the female offender sample. Trait aggression could be best explained by a model, which included male gender, younger age, high novelty seeking temperament and low character maturity. Our results suggest that therapies aiming at strengthening self-governance and increasing cooperativeness (focusing on character maturity) may alleviate aggressive antisocial behavior in offenders., Funders: Kriminalvården, 2011:186
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37. A 3-year follow-up study of Swedish youths committed to juvenile institutions : Frequent occurrence of criminality and health care use regardless of drug abuse
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Ståhlberg, Ola, Boman, Sofia, Robertsson, Christina, Kerekes, Nora, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Nilsson, Thomas, Ståhlberg, Ola, Boman, Sofia, Robertsson, Christina, Kerekes, Nora, Anckarsäter, Henrik, and Nilsson, Thomas
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This 3-year follow-up study compares background variables, extent of criminality and criminal recidivism in the form of all court convictions, the use of inpatient care, and number of early deaths in Swedish institutionalized adolescents (N = 100) with comorbid substance use disorders (SUD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (n = 25) versus those with SUD but no ADHD (n = 30), and those without SUD (n = 45). In addition it aims to identify whether potential risk factors related to these groups are associated with persistence in violent criminality. Results showed almost no significant differences between the three diagnostic groups, but the SUD plus ADHD group displayed a somewhat more negative outcome with regard to criminality, and the non-SUD group stood out with very few drug related treatment episodes. However, the rate of criminal recidivism was strikingly high in all three groups, and the use of inpatient care as well as the number of untimely deaths recorded in the study population was dramatically increased compared to a age matched general population group. Finally, age at first conviction emerged as the only significant predictor of persistence in violent criminality with an AUC of .69 (CI (95%) .54–.84, p = .02). Regardless of whether SUD, with or without ADHD, is at hand or not, institutionalized adolescents describe a negative course with extensive criminality and frequent episodes of inpatient treatment, and thus requires a more effective treatment than present youth institutions seem to offer today. However, the few differences found between the three groups, do give some support that those with comorbid SUD and ADHD have the worst prognosis with regard to criminality, health, and untimely death, and as such are in need of even more extensive treatment interventions., Available online 13 October 2016Funders: National Board of Forensic Medicine
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38. The coexistence of psychiatric and gastrointestinal problems in children with restrictive eating in a nationwide Swedish twin study
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Täljemark, Jakob, Råstam, Maria, Lichtenstein, Paul, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Kerekes, Nora, Täljemark, Jakob, Råstam, Maria, Lichtenstein, Paul, Anckarsäter, Henrik, and Kerekes, Nora
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Background Restrictive eating problems are rare in children but overrepresented in those with neurodevelopmental problems. Comorbidities decrease wellbeing in affected individuals but research in the area is relatively scarce. This study describes phenotypes, regarding psychiatric and gastrointestinal comorbidities, in children with restrictive eating problems. Methods A parental telephone interview was conducted in 9- or 12-year old twins (n = 19,130) in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Cases of restrictive eating problems and comorbid problems were established using the Autism, Tics-AD/HD and other Comorbidities inventory, parental reports of comorbidity as well as data from a national patient register. In restrictive eating problem cases, presence of psychiatric and gastrointestinal comorbidity was mapped individually in probands and their co-twin. Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U tests were used to test differences in the mean number of coexisting disorders between boys and girls. Odds ratios were used to compare prevalence figures between individuals with or without restrictive eating problems, and Fisher exact test was used to establish significance. Results Prevalence of restrictive eating problems was 0.6% (concordant in 15% monozygotic and 3% of dizygotic twins). The presence of restrictive eating problems drastically increased odds of all psychiatric problems, especially autism spectrum disorder in both sexes (odds ratio = 11.9 in boys, odds ratio = 10.1 in girls), obsessive-compulsive disorder in boys (odds ratio = 11.6) and oppositional defiant disorder in girls (odds ratio = 9.22). Comorbid gastrointestinal problems, such as lactose intolerance (odds ratio = 4.43) and constipation (odds ratio = 2.91), were the most frequent in girls. Boy co-twins to a proband with restrictive eating problems generally had more psychiatric problems than girl co-twins and more girl co-twins had neither somatic nor any psychiatric problems at all. Conclusions In chi, Funders: ALF, Skåne; Dr. Sten Theander’s foundation for research in Anorexia Nervosa.
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- 2017
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39. Socialstyrelsens målnivåer signalerar brist på tillit
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Bejerot, Susanne, Landén, Mikael, Heilig, Markus, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Waern, Magda, Bejerot, Susanne, Landén, Mikael, Heilig, Markus, Anckarsäter, Henrik, and Waern, Magda
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- 2017
40. The Roots of Autism and ADHD Twin Study in Sweden (RATSS)
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Bölte, Sven, Willfors, Charlotte, Berggren, Steve, Norberg, Joakim, Poltrago, Lina, Mevel, Katell, Coco, Christina, Fransson, Peter, Borg, Jacqueline, Sitnikov, Rouslan, Toro, Roberto, Tammimies, Kristiina, Anderlid, Britt-Marie, Nordgren, Ann, Falk, Anna, Meyer, Urs, Kere, Juha, Landén, Mikael, Dalman, Christina, Ronald, Angelica, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Lichtenstein, Paul, Bölte, Sven, Willfors, Charlotte, Berggren, Steve, Norberg, Joakim, Poltrago, Lina, Mevel, Katell, Coco, Christina, Fransson, Peter, Borg, Jacqueline, Sitnikov, Rouslan, Toro, Roberto, Tammimies, Kristiina, Anderlid, Britt-Marie, Nordgren, Ann, Falk, Anna, Meyer, Urs, Kere, Juha, Landén, Mikael, Dalman, Christina, Ronald, Angelica, Anckarsäter, Henrik, and Lichtenstein, Paul
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Neurodevelopmental disorders affect a substantial minority of the general population. Their origins are still largely unknown, but a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors causing disturbances of the central nervous system's maturation and a variety of higher cognitive skills is presumed. Only limited research of rather small sample size and narrow scope has been conducted in neurodevelopmental disorders using a twin-differences design. The Roots of Autism and ADHD Twin Study in Sweden (RATSS) is an ongoing project targeting monozygotic twins discordant for categorical or dimensional autistic and inattentive/hyperactive-impulsive phenotypes as well as other neurodevelopmental disorders, and typically developing twin controls. Included pairs are 9 years of age or older, and comprehensively assessed for psychopathology, medical history, neuropsychology, and dysmorphology, as well as structural, functional, and molecular brain imaging. Specimens are collected for induced pluripotent (iPS) and neuroepithelial stem cells, genetic, gut bacteria, protein-/monoamine, and electron microscopy analyses. RATSS's objective is to generate a launch pad for novel surveys to understand the complexity of genotype-environment-phenotype interactions in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). By October 2013, RATSS had collected data from 55 twin pairs, among them 10 monozygotic pairs discordant for autism spectrum disorder, seven for ADHD, and four for other neurodevelopmental disorders. This article describes the design, recruitment, data collection, measures, collected pairs' characteristics, as well as ongoing and planned analyses in RATSS. Potential gains of the study comprise the identification of environmentally mediated biomarkers, the emergence of candidates for drug development, translational modeling, and new leads for prevention of incapacitating outcomes
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41. Mentally disordered offenders in Sweden : differentiating recidivists fromnon-recidivists in a 10-year follow-up study
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Krona, Hedvig, Nyman, Marielle, Andreasson, Helena, Vicencio, Nicolas, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Wallinius, Märta, Nilsson, Thomas, Hofvander, Björn, Krona, Hedvig, Nyman, Marielle, Andreasson, Helena, Vicencio, Nicolas, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Wallinius, Märta, Nilsson, Thomas, and Hofvander, Björn
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Background: Forensic psychiatric patients present a challenge as they manifest severe mental disorders together with criminal behaviour. There are well-known risk factors for criminal behaviour in the general population, yet knowledge of what predicts reconviction in the Swedish forensic population in the long-term perspective is still insufficient. Aims: The study aims to (1) describe background and clinical characteristics of forensic psychiatric patients in a 10-year follow-up, (2) analyse risk factors associated with recidivism, and (3) test the predictive validity of risk factors for general and violent criminality. Methods: Detailed information on all offenders from the Malmö University Hospital catchment area sentenced to forensic psychiatric in-patient treatment from 1999–2005 (n = 125) was collected. Court decisions were collected up until the end of 2008 (median follow-up time = 6.2 years, range = 0.6–9.7 years). Results: Relapse in general crime (n = 30) was predicted by low educational attainment, mental disorder in a first degree relative, and low age at first sentenced crime. Relapse in violent crime (n = 16) was predicted by low educational attainment and low GAF scores. Patients with a restriction order were less likely to relapse in both crime categories. Conclusions: Signs of childhood adversities together with early debut in criminality appeared as important risk factors for general and violent recidivism. Forensic psychiatric treatment combined with a restriction order was demonstrated as a protective factor against recidivism, suggesting that the risk of recidivism is strongly related to the level of supervision. Although the low number of recidivism cases is highly desirable, it unfortunately reduces the power of the analyses in this paper.
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- 2017
42. MOESM1 of The genetic and environmental structure of the character sub-scales of the temperament and character inventory in adolescence
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Lester, Nigel, Garcia, Danilo, Lundström, Sebastian, Brändström, Sven, Råstam, Maria, Kerekes, Nóra, Nilsson, Thomas, C. Cloninger, and Anckarsäter, Henrik
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Additional file 1: Table S1. Correlations between the five lower order sub-scales that compose the self-directedness (SD) scale of the temperament and character inventory (N = 2714). Table S2. Correlations between the five lower order sub-scales that compose the Cooperativeness (CO) scale of the temperament and character inventory (N = 2714). Table S3. Correlations between the three lower order sub-scales that compose the self-transcendence (ST) scale of the temperament and character inventory (N = 2714).
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- 2016
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43. The coexistence of psychiatric and gastrointestinal problems in children with restrictive eating in a nationwide Swedish twin study
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Täljemark, Jakob, primary, Råstam, Maria, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Anckarsäter, Henrik, additional, and Kerekes, Nóra, additional
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- 2017
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44. Fetal and postnatal metal dysregulation in autism
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Arora, Manish, primary, Reichenberg, Abraham, additional, Willfors, Charlotte, additional, Austin, Christine, additional, Gennings, Chris, additional, Berggren, Steve, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Anckarsäter, Henrik, additional, Tammimies, Kristiina, additional, and Bölte, Sven, additional
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- 2017
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45. Mental health among young adults in prison: The importance of childhood-onset conduct disorder
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Hofvander, Björn, primary, Anckarsäter, Henrik, additional, Wallinius, Märta, additional, and Billstedt, Eva, additional
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- 2017
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46. Aggressive Antisocial Behaviors Are Related to Character Maturity in Young Swedish Violent Offenders Independent of ADHD
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Nilsson, Thomas, primary, Falk, Örjan, additional, Billstedt, Eva, additional, Kerekes, Nóra, additional, Anckarsäter, Henrik, additional, Wallinius, Märta, additional, and Hofvander, Björn, additional
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- 2016
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47. Aggressive Antisocial Behaviors Are Related to Character Maturity in Young Swedish Violent Offenders Independent of ADHD
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Nilsson, Thomas, Falk, Örjan, Billstedt, Eva, Kerekes, Nora, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Wallinius, Märta, Hofvander, Björn, Nilsson, Thomas, Falk, Örjan, Billstedt, Eva, Kerekes, Nora, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Wallinius, Märta, and Hofvander, Björn
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Background: Antisocial personality and psychopathic traits have constantly been found to accompany criminal and aggressive behaviors, but little attention has been given to aspects of character maturity and its relation to such behaviors. The present study investigated (1) whether level of character maturity (low, medium, and high) is associated with amount of aggressive antisocial behaviors (AABs) and psychopathic traits in young men imprisoned for violent criminality, and (2) whether such an association is independent of coexisting attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Swedish males (N = 270, aged 18–25) sentenced to prison for violent and/or sexual criminality in the western region of the Swedish Prison and Probation Service underwent a thorough clinical examination during their in carceration. Data on character maturity, as measured by the character dimensions Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness of the Temperament and Character Inventory, were available for n = 148 subjects and were used to divide these offenders into three groups with low, medium, and high character maturity. These groups were then compared for variables reflecting criminal history, a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, conduct disorder (CD) and substance use disorders (SUD), aggressive behaviors, and psychopathic traits. Results: Character maturity was consistently associated with less AABs and psychopathic personality traits; the group with the highest character maturity showed: (i) a later age at on set of criminality, (ii) a smaller number of prior violent criminal acts, (iii) lower prevalence of ADHD, CD, and SUD, (iv) less self-rated and expert-rated aggressive behaviors, and (v) less psychopathic traits. The association between character maturity and aggressive behaviors/psychopathic personality traits remained even when ADHD was controlled for. The only exception was sexual criminality, where the group with the highest character maturity contained the largest amount of sexu, Funders: Kriminalvården; Region Skåne; Region Kronoberg; StitelsenLindhaga.
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- 2016
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48. The genetic and environmental structure of the character sub-scales of the temperament and character inventory in adolescence.
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Lester, Nigel, Garcia, Danilo, Lundström, Sebastian, Brändström, Sven, Råstam, Maria, Kerekes, Nora, Nilsson, Thomas, Cloninger, C Robert, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Lester, Nigel, Garcia, Danilo, Lundström, Sebastian, Brändström, Sven, Råstam, Maria, Kerekes, Nora, Nilsson, Thomas, Cloninger, C Robert, and Anckarsäter, Henrik
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BACKGROUND: The character higher order scales (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) in the temperament and character inventory are important general measures of health and well-being [Mens Sana Monograph 11:16-24 (2013)]. Recent research has found suggestive evidence of common environmental influence on the development of these character traits during adolescence. The present article expands earlier research by focusing on the internal consistency and the etiology of traits measured by the lower order sub-scales of the character traits in adolescence. METHODS: The twin modeling analysis of 423 monozygotic pairs and 408 same sex dizygotic pairs estimated additive genetics (A), common environmental (C), and non-shared environmental (E) influences on twin resemblance. All twins were part of the on-going longitudinal Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). RESULTS: The twin modeling analysis suggested a common environmental contribution for two out of five self-directedness sub-scales (0.14 and 0.23), for three out of five cooperativeness sub-scales (0.07-0.17), and for all three self-transcendence sub-scales (0.10-0.12). CONCLUSION: The genetic structure at the level of the character lower order sub-scales in adolescents shows that the proportion of the shared environmental component varies in the trait of self-directedness and in the trait of cooperativeness, while it is relatively stable across the components of self-transcendence. The presence of this unique shared environmental effect in adolescence has implications for understanding the relative importance of interventions and treatment strategies aimed at promoting overall maturation of character, mental health, and well-being during this period of the life span., Published: 12 March 2016
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49. Association study between autistic-like traits and polymorphisms in the autism candidate regions RELN, CNTNAP2, SHANK3, and CDH9/10
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Jonsson, Lina, Zettergren, Anna, Pettersson, Erik, Hovey, Daniel, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Westberg, Lars, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lundström, Sebastian, Melke, Jonas, Jonsson, Lina, Zettergren, Anna, Pettersson, Erik, Hovey, Daniel, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Westberg, Lars, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lundström, Sebastian, and Melke, Jonas
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Background: Autistic-like traits (ALTs) are continuously distributed in the general population, with the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at the upper extreme end. A genetic overlap has been shown between ALTs and ASD, indicating that common variation in ASD candidate genes may also influence ALTs. In our study, we have investigated the SNP rs4307059 that has been associated with both ALTs and ASD. In addition, we genotyped polymorphisms in a selection of genes involved in synaptic functioning, that is, SHANK3, RELN, and CNTNAP2, which repeatedly have been associated with ASD. The possible associations of these polymorphisms with ALTs, as well as genetic factors for neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs), were investigated in a large cohort from the general population: The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. For analyses of ALTs and NDPs, 12,319 subjects (including 2,268 monozygotic (MZ) and 3,805 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs) and 8,671 subjects (including 2,243 MZ and 2,044 DZ twin pairs), respectively, were included in the analyses. Findings: We could not replicate the previous association between rs4307059 and social communication impairment. Moreover, common variations in CNTNAP2 (rs7794745 and rs2710102), RELN (rs362691), and SHANK3 (rs9616915) were not significantly associated with ALTs in our study. Conclusions: Our results do not suggest that the investigated genes, which previously has been found associated with ASD diagnosis, have any major influence on ALTs in children from the general population.
- Published
- 2016
50. Impact of asthma medication and familial factors on the association between childhood asthma and attention-defict/hyperactivity disorder : a combined twin- and register-based study
- Author
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Holmberg, Kirsten, Lundholm, Cecilia, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Larsson, Henrik, Almqvist, Catarina, Holmberg, Kirsten, Lundholm, Cecilia, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Larsson, Henrik, and Almqvist, Catarina
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Asthma and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prevalent in childhood and may cause functional impairment and stress in families. Previous research supports an association between asthma and ADHD in children, but several aspects of this relationship are unclear. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study whether the association between asthma and ADHD is restricted to either the inattentive or the hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD, to explore the impact of asthma severity and asthma medication and the contribution of shared genetic and environmental risk factors on the asthma-ADHD relationship. METHODS: Data on asthma, ADHD, zygosity and possible confounders were collected from parental questionnaires at 9 or 12 years on 20 072 twins through the Swedish Twin Register, linked to the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the National Patient Register and the Prescribed Drug Register. The association between asthma and ADHD, the impact of asthma severity and medication, was assessed by generalized estimating equations. Cross-twin-cross-trait correlations (CTCT) were estimated to explore the relative importance of genes and environment for the association. RESULTS: Asthmatic children had a higher risk of also having ADHD [odds ratio (OR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-2.02]. The association was not restricted to either of the two dimensions of ADHD. The magnitude of the association increased with asthma severity (OR 2.84, 95% CI: 1.86-4.35) for ≥ 4 asthma attacks in the last 12 months and was not affected by asthma treatment. The CTCTs possibly indicate that the genetic component in overlap of the disorders is weak. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Childhood asthma, especially severe asthma, is associated with ADHD. Asthma medication seems not to increase the risk of ADHD. Clinicians should be aware of the potential of ADHD in asthma. Optimal asthma care needs to be integrated with effective evaluation and treatment of ADHD in children with
- Published
- 2016
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