Search

This contribution is designed to be, first, diachronic and comparative, then to update and re-evaluate. After an overview of modern and all contemporary slavery, including abolitionist movements, our intention will be to identify and draft a classification of ancient concepts of slavery that have a long life and that, rehashed and barely disguised, apply today to a very wide range of socio-political, cultural and ethnic discriminations of despised and oppressed groups of individuals., La présente contribution se veut, en premier lieu, diachronique et comparative, puis réactualisant et réévaluant. Après un tour d’horizon de l’esclavage moderne et tout contemporain, y compris les mouvements abolitionnistes, on s’attachera à l’identification et à une esquisse de classification des concepts esclavagistes anciens qui ont une vie longue et qui, rabâchés et à peine travestis, s’appliquent à présent à un éventail très large de discriminations socio-politiques, culturelles et ethniques des groupes d’individus méprisés et opprimés., Pałuchowski Adam. Le doulos athanatos – Cet esclave qui est immortel puisqu’on a tellement besoin de lui. In: Les lectures contemporaines de l’esclavage : problématiques, méthodologies et analyses depuis les années 1990 Actes du 42e colloque du GIREA, tenu à l’Université de Wrocław, 4 et 5 septembre 2019, à la mémoire d’Iza Bieżuńska-Małowist.

This dissertation explores nighttime in Ancient Rome. Although several monographs on the history of night have appeared in the last two decades, no one has focused on antiquity. Through the examination of literary sources from the second century BCE to late antiquity from histories, biographies, plays, novels, laws, art, archaeology, and theological treatises, this dissertation examines how Romans experienced and thought about night. Chapters one and two argue that night intensified emotions. The first chapter examines how Romans constructed the nocturnal soundscape. The change from day to night altered the meaning of some sounds. Other sounds induced more anger, fear, excitement, and even divine transcendence than they did during the day. The second chapter explores a reoccurring complaint Romans made about nighttime: it imprisoned them. The chapter charts how nocturnal boredom divided Romans: virtuous from reproachable, literate from illiterate, laborer from leisured. Nocturnal boredom led to creativity for some and trouble for others. Chapters three and four explore how night separated people by status and identity. The third chapter considers the slave experience at night. Sketching the problems night posed to masters, I argue that slaveholders were more concerned about where their slaves were than keeping them busy. Because masters desired to keep their human property accessible at all hours, many slaves spent their nights inactively confined. The fourth chapter examines how beds marked Roman identity. Where one slept separated the civilized from uncivilized, the rich from the poor, and the manly from the effeminate.

En el presente artículo tenemos el objetivo de analizar el legado intelectual de los pioneros de la Historia social de la ciencia: John Bernal, Henry Sigerist y Benjamin Farrington. Esta generación de intelectuales, influida por los desastres de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, propuso nuevos paradigmas de estudio que abrieron vías originales en la historia económica y social. Concretamente, nos centraremos en la asistencia pública sanitaria y las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores. The aim of this paper is to analyse the intellectual legacy of John Bernal, Henry Sigerist and Benjamin Farrington, the founders of Social History of Science. Influenced by the disasters of the Second World War, this breed of intellectuals laid down new patterns of analysis in the field of the Economic and Social History. The paper will specifically focus on main topics such as the Public Health or the working conditions.

Exchange of goods with transferring property rights is an essential part of every organised human society and economy. All over the ancient world, traders and consumers negotiated a great deal of sales on local market places. The legal framework of sale is an indispensable institutional environment of a functioning economy. The paper presents a short outline of the high theory of Roman jurists about sale and compares it with every day parctice, with notarial documents .

O artigo mostra, mediante exemplos iconográficos, as dificuldades metodológicas de identificação de escravos em obras de arte antigas, mas, também, as possibilidades de se obter informações adicionais às fontes literárias. Ainda que, muitas vezes, sejam necessárias inscrições ou fontes escritas adicionais para se definir com exatidão o estatuto jurídico das pessoas representadas, os monumentos transportam, de maneira sutil, informação de outra qualidade sobre a relação senhor-escravo e sobre a auto-compreensão de senhores e de escravos. Algumas das obras até nos oferecem perspectivas dos próprios escravos, que nas fontes escritas são muito raras. The article shows, using iconographic examples, the methodological difficulties of identifying slaves in ancient works of Art, but also the possibilities for additional information on literary sources. Often are necessary additional inscriptions or written sources to define accurately the legal status of the persons represented. But the monuments offer, so subtle, other kind of information on the master-slave relationship and on the self-understanding of masters and slaves. Some of the works of Art offer the perspectives of slaves, that in the written sources are very rare.