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This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of implementing the Sport Education Model on college students' well-being and motivation in physical education (PE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthy college students (49.8% female; 50.2% male; N = 255; Mage = 18.87 [+ or -] 0.92 years) were recruited from two waves of data collection. The experimental group (n = 130) was enrolled in courses that implemented the Sport Education model. Comparisons were made to the control group (n = 125), which was enrolled in courses with direct instruction. Both groups engaged in a 15-week face-to-face intervention. Student motivation, goal orientation, perceived climate, self-efficacy in exercise, perceived stress, and psychological distress were measured through an omnibus electronic questionnaire at pre- and posttest. A series of 2 (group) x 2 (time) mixed factorial multivariate analyses of variance and analyses of variance with follow-up post hoc analysis demonstrated small-to-moderate effects for the intervention. Intrinsic motivation (interest enjoyment and effort importance), task orientation, and task-involving climate significantly increased from pre- to posttest in the Sport Education group. Mental wellness improved, and psychological distress symptoms and perceived stress decreased significantly from pre- to posttest for both groups. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of implementing Sport Education in creating a student-centered, task-involving climate and cultivating college students' motivation in PE. Engaging in face-to-face PE sessions is likely to improve college students' well-being in COVID-19 era., Accumulating evidence shows that students transitioning into higher education are at risk due to significant declines in physical activity (PA) participation (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016) and motivation [...]

Thelazia callipaeda eyeworm was considered an exotic parasite in North America until an autochthonous case was reported in a dog from New York, USA, in 2020 (1). T. callipaeda eyeworm [...]

Echinostomiasis is a disease caused by infection with echinostome flukes (Echinostomatidae) and is characterized by intestinal inflammation accompanied by mucosal ulceration and bleeding (1,2). Echinostomiasis, a typical example of a [...]

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing globally and have thus become pathogens of substantial public health concern (1). However, because of scarce public health reporting, little is known about epidemiologic [...]

Persons living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) have experienced disproportionate illnesses and deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic. By June 2020, >50,000 COVID-19 deaths had occurred in LTCF residents in the [...]

The traditional view of restricted diversity among bacterial agents causing human and animal tuberculosis is being revised thanks to wide use of wholegenome sequencing (WGS). Besides Mycobacterium canettii, representative of [...]

Tuberculosis (TB) causes more deaths worldwide than any other infectious disease. Progress in reducing the global burden of TB stalled during the COVID-19 pandemic; an estimated 10.6 million persons became [...]

In response to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, most countries adopted vaccination policies on the basis of clinical trial outcomes and scientific evidence for vaccine procurement and policy planning frameworks. Studies [...]

At the heart of this matter is the eye-popping and contentious difference in the results of 2 teams analyzing ostensibly the same data set, with one team reporting an estimated [...]

Abstract: I provide an analysis of sentences of the form ‘To be F is to be G’ in terms of exact truth-maker semantics—an approach that identifies the meanings of sentences with the states of the world directly responsible for their truth-values. Roughly, I argue that these sentences hold just in case that which makes something F also makes it G. This approach is hyperintensional and possesses desirable logical and modal features. In particular, these sentences are reflexive, transitive, and symmetric, and if they are true, then they are necessarily true, and it is necessary that all and only Fs are Gs. I motivate my account over Correia and Skiles’ [11] prominent alternative and close by defining an irreflexive and asymmetric notion of analysis in terms of the symmetric and reflexive notion.

Objective To examine inequalities in the coverage of reproductive and maternal health interventions in low- and middle- income countries and territories using a composite index of socioeconomic deprivation status. Methods We obtained data on education and living standards from national household surveys conducted between 2015 and 2019 to calculate socioeconomic deprivation status. We assessed the coverage of reproductive and maternal health interventions, using three indicators: (i) demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods; (ii) women who received antenatal care in at least four visits; and (iii) the presence of a skilled attendant at delivery. Absolute and relative inequalities were evaluated both directly and using the slope index of inequality and the concentration index. Findings In the 73 countries and territories with available data, the median proportions of deprivation were 41% in the low-income category, 11% in the lower-middle-income category and less than 1% in the upper-middle- income category. The coverage analysis, conducted for 48 countries with sufficient data, showed consistently lower median coverage among deprived households across all health indicators. The coverage of skilled attendant at delivery showed the largest inequalities, where coverage among the socioeconomically deprived was substantially lower in almost all countries. Antenatal care visits and demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods also showed significant disparities, favouring the less deprived population. Conclusion The findings highlight persistent disparities in the coverage of reproductive and maternal health interventions, requiring efforts to reduce those disparities and improve coverage, particularly for skilled attendant at delivery. Objectif Examiner les inegalites dans la couverture des interventions de sante reproductive et maternelle dans les pays et territoires a revenu faible et intermediaire a l'aide d'un indice composite du statut de privation socioeconomique. Methodes Nous avons obtenu des donnees sur l'education et les niveaux de vie a partir d'enquetes nationales sur les menages menees entre 2015 et 2019 pour calculer le statut de privation socioeconomique. Nous avons evalue la couverture des interventions de sante reproductive et maternelle a l'aide de trois indicateurs: (i) une demande de planification familiale satisfaite avec des methodes modernes; (ii) le fait que les femmes recoivent des soins prenatals lors d'au moins quatre visites; et (iii) la presence de personnel qualifie present lors de l'accouchement. Les inegalites absolues et relatives ont ete evaluees a la fois directement et a l'aide de l'indice de pente et l'indice de concentration des inegalites. Resultats Dans les 73 pays et territoires pour lesquels des donnees sont disponibles, les proportions medianes de privation etaient de 41% dans la categorie a faibles revenus, de 11% dans la categorie a revenus moyens inferieurs et de moins de 1% dans la categorie des revenus moyens superieurs. L'analyse de cette couverture, menee dans 48 pays disposant de donnees suffisantes, a mis en evidence que la couverture mediane etait systematiquement plus faible dans les menages defavorises pour tous les indicateurs de sante. La couverture de personnel qualifie present lors de l'accouchement est celle qui presente les inegalites les plus importantes, le chiffre pour les menages defavorises etant nettement inferieur dans presque tous les pays. Les visites de soins prenatals et la demande en planning familial satisfait par des methodes modernes ont egalement indique des disparites considerables, en faveur des populations moins demunies. Conclusion Les resultats mettent en evidence des disparites persistantes dans la couverture des interventions de sante reproductive et maternelle, ce qui necessite des efforts pour reduire ces disparites et ameliorer la couverture, en particulier en ce qui concerne l'accouchement assiste par du personnel qualifie. Objetivo Estudiar las desigualdades en la cobertura de las intervenciones de salud reproductiva y materna en paises y territorios de ingresos bajos y medios mediante un indice compuesto del nivel de privacion socioeconomica. Metodos Se obtuvieron datos sobre el nivel educativo y de vida a partir de encuestas nacionales de hogares realizadas entre 2015 y 2019 para calcular el estado de privacion socioeconomica. Se evaluo la cobertura de las intervenciones de salud reproductiva y materna mediante tres indicadores: (i) demanda de planificacion familiar satisfecha con metodos modernos; (ii) mujeres que recibieron atencion prenatal en al menos cuatro visitas; y (iii) presencia de personal calificado para atender partos. Las desigualdades absolutas y relativas se evaluaron directamente y mediante el indice de pendiente de la desigualdad y el indice de concentracion. Resultados En los 73 paises y territorios con datos disponibles, los porcentajes medios de privacion eran del 41% en la categoria de ingresos bajos, del 11% en la de ingresos medios-bajos y de menos del 1% en la de ingresos medios-altos. El analisis de la cobertura, que se realizo en 48 paises con datos suficientes, mostro una cobertura mediana sistematicamente inferior entre los hogares desfavorecidos en todos los indicadores de salud. La cobertura de personal calificado para atender partos mostro las mayores desigualdades, ya que la cobertura entre las personas socioeconomicamente desfavorecidas fue sustancialmente inferior en casi todos los paises. Las visitas de atencion prenatal y la demanda de planificacion familiar satisfecha con metodos modernos tambien mostraron diferencias significativas, favoreciendo a la poblacion menos desfavorecida. Conclusion Los resultados evidencian la persistencia de diferencias en la cobertura de las intervenciones de salud reproductiva y materna, lo que exige esfuerzos para reducir esas diferencias y mejorar la cobertura, en especial de personal calificado para la atencion de partos., Introduction Eliminating poverty in all its forms is the first of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). (1) People living in conditions of poverty are likely to have fewer opportunities [...]

Background: In March 2020, Ontario instituted a lockdown to reduce spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Schools, recreational facilities, and nonessential businesses were closed. Restrictions were eased through 3 distinct stages over a 6-month period (March to September 2020). We aimed to determine the impact of each stage of the COVID-19 public health lockdown on the epidemiology of operative pediatric orthopedic trauma. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed comparing emergency department (ED) visits for orthopedic injuries and operatively treated orthopedic injuries at a level 1 pediatric trauma centre during each lockdown stage of the pandemic with caseloads during the same date ranges in 2019 (prepandemic). Further analyses were based on patients' demographic characteristics, injury severity, mechanism of injury, and anatomic location of injury. Results: Compared with the prepandemic period, ED visits decreased by 20% (1356 v. 1698, p < 0.001) and operative cases by 29% (262 v. 371, p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the number of operative cases per day in stage 1 of the lockdown (1.3 v. 2.0, p < 0.001) and in stage 2 (1.7 v. 3.0; P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in stage 3 (2.4 v. 2.2, p = 0.35). A significant reduction in the number of playground injuries was seen in stage 1 (1 v. 62, p < 0.001) and stage 2 (6 v. 35, p < 0.001), and there was an increase in the number of self-propelled transit injuries (31 v. 10, p = 0.002) during stage 1. In stage 3, all patient demographic characteristics and all characteristics of operatively treated injuries resumed their prepandemic distributions. Conclusion: Provincial lockdown measures designed to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 significantly altered the volume and demographic characteristics of pediatric orthopedic injuries that required operative management. The findings from this study will serve to inform health system planning for future emergency lockdowns. Contexte : En mars 2020, l'Ontario a décrété des mesures de confinement afin de réduire la propagation du virus SRAS-CoV-2. Les écoles, les installations récréatives, et les commerces non essentiels ont dû fermer. Les restrictions ont été par la suite progressivement assouplies en 3 phases distinctes sur une période de 6 mois (de mars à septembre 2020). Notre objectif était de déterminer les répercussions épidémiologiques de chaque phase du confinement imposé par les autorités de santé publique sur la chirurgie orthopédique pédiatrique et traumatologique. Méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude de cohorte rétrospective pour comparer le nombre de consultations aux services d'urgence pour des blessures orthopédiques, traitées ou non en salle d'opération, dans des centres de traumatologie pédiatrique de niveau 1 pendant chaque phase de confinement avec le nombre de consultations pendant les mêmes périodes de l'année en 2019 (prépandémie). Nous avons effectué des analyses complémentaires en fonction des caractéristiques démographiques de la patientèle, ainsi que de la gravité, du mécanisme et de la localisation des blessures. Résultats : Comparativement à la période prépandémique, la fréquentation des services d'urgence a diminué de 20% (1356 c. 1698, p < 0,001) et le nombre d'interventions chirurgicales, de 29% (262 c. 371, p < 0,001). Nous avons constaté une baisse significative du nombre d'interventions chirurgicales lors de la phase 1 du confinement (1,3 c. 2,0, p < 0,001), ainsi que lors de la phase 2 (1,7 c. 3,0, p < 0,001), mais aucune différence significative n'a été observée lors de la phase 3 (2,4 c. 2,2, p = 0,35). Par ailleurs, nous avons constaté une baisse significative du nombre de blessures survenues sur des terrains de jeux durant la phase 1 (1 c. 62, p < 0,001) et la phase 2 (6 c. 35, p < 0,001), alors que le nombre de blessures occasionnées par des véhicules automoteurs a augmenté (31 c. 10, p = 0,002) lors de la phase 1. Enfin, lors de la phase 3, tous les paramètres démographiques de la patientèle et toutes les caractéristiques des blessures traitées en salle d'opération sont revenus à leurs valeurs prépandémiques. Conclusion : Les mesures de confinement prises au niveau provincial pour limiter la propagation du virus SRAS-CoV-2 ont significativement modifié le volume et les caractéristiques démographiques des blessures orthopédiques pédiatriques nécessitant une prise en charge chirurgicale. Les résultats de cette étude serviront à améliorer la planification du système de santé en cas de nouveau confinement d'urgence., The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on health care systems. At its height, governments worldwide implemented various public healdi measures to limit exposure to the virus and to [...]

Background: Numerous studies have highlighted the inequitable access to medical and psychiatric care that people experiencing homelessness (PEH) face, yet the surgical needs of this population are not well understood. We sought to assess evidence describing surgical care for PEH and to perform a thematic analysis of the results. Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using the terms 'surgery' AND 'homelessness.' Grey literature was also searched. We used a stepwise scoping review methodology, followed by thematic analysis using an inductive approach. Results: We included 104 articles in our review. Studies were included from 5 continents; 63% originated in the United States. All surgical specialties were represented with varying surgical conditions and procedures for each. Orthopedic surgery (21%) was the most frequently reported specialty. Themes identified included characteristics of PEH receiving surgical care, homeless-to-housed participants, interaction with the health care system, educational initiatives, barriers and challenges, and interventions and future strategies. Conclusion: We identified significant variation and gaps, representing opportunities for further research and interventions. Further addressing the barriers and challenges that PEH face when accessing surgical care can better address the needs of this population. Contexte : Si de nombreuses études ont souligné l'accès inéquitable aux soins médicaux et psychiatriques pour les personnes en situation d'itinérance (PSI), les besoins chirurgicaux de cette population ne sont pas bien compris. Nous avons cherché à évaluer les données décrivant les soins chirurgicaux pour les PSI afin de faire une analyse thématique des résultats. Méthodes : Les bases de données Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, et Web of Science ont été interrogées avec les termes << surgery >> [chirurgie] ET << homelessness >> [itinérance]. La littérature grise a aussi été interrogée. Nous avons utilisé une méthode de synthèse exploratoire par étapes, suivie d'une analyse thématique par approche inductive. Résultats : Nous avons inclus 104 articles dans notre revue. Les études sélectionnées provenaient de 5 continents; 63% venaient des États-Unis. Toutes les spécialités chirurgicales étaient représentées, avec diverses conditions et interventions chirurgicales pour chacune. La chirurgie orthopédique (21%) était la spécialité la plus souvent rapportée. Les thèmes relevés comprenaient les caractéristiques des PSI recevant des soins chirurgicaux, les personnes participantes passées de l'itinérance au logement, l'interaction avec le système de santé, les initiatives d'éducation, les obstacles et défis, et les interventions et stratégies futures. Conclusion : Nous avons décelé une variation et des lacunes considérables, qui représentent des occasions de recherche et d'interventions. Il faudra s'attaquer davantage aux obstacles et aux défis rencontrés par les PSI dans l'accès aux soins chirurgicaux pour mieux répondre aux besoins de cette population., Homelessness is a major social and health-related concern globally. In Canada alone, there are 25000-35000 people experiencing homelessness (PEH) on any single night. (1) The circumstances surrounding an individual's homelessness [...]

Background: Minimally invasive sacroiliac joint (MISIT) fusion is a surgical option to relieve SIJ pain. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare MISIJ fusion with triangular titanium implants (TO) to nonoperative management of SIJ dysfunction. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included prospective clinical trials that compared MISIJ fusion to nonoperative management in individuals with chronic low back pain attributed to SIJ dysfunction. We evaluated pain on visual analogue scale, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical component (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores, patient satisfaction, and adverse events. Results: A total of 8 articles representing 3 trials that enrolled 423 participants were deemed eligible. There was a significant reduction in pain score with MISIJ fusion compared with nonoperative management (standardized mean difference [SMD] -1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.03 to -1.39). Similarly, ODI scores (SMD -1.03, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.81), SF-36 PCS scores (SMD 1.01, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.19), SF-36 MCS scores (SMD 0.72, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.9), and patient satisfaction (odds ratio 6.87, 95% CI 3.73 to 12.64) were significantly improved with MISIJ fusion. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups with respect to adverse events (SMD -0.03, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.23). Conclusion: Our analysis showed that MISIJ fusion with TTI shows a clinically important and statistically significant improvement in pain, disability score, HRQoL, and patient satisfaction with a similar adverse event profile to nonoperative management in patients with chronic low back pain attributed to SIJ dysfunction. Contexte : L'arthrodèse sacro-iliaque minimalement effractive (ASIME) est une option chirurgicale qui vise à soulager la douleur sacro-iliaque. Le but de la présente revue systématique et méta-analyse était de comparer l'ASIME avec implants triangulaires en titane (ITT) à une prise en charge non chirurgicale de la dysfonction sacroiliaque. Méthodes : Nous avons interrogé les bases de données MEDLINE et Embase et le Registre central Cochrane des essais contrôlés. Nous avons inclus les essais cliniques prospectifs ayant comparé l'ASIME à une prise en charge non chirurgicale de la lombalgie chronique attribuable à une dysfonction sacro-iliaque. Nous avons évalué la douleur selon une échelle analogique visuelle, l'indice d'incapacité d'Oswestry (IIO) et les scores aux dimensions physique et mentale du questionnaire SF-36 (36-Item Short Form Health Survey) sur la qualité de vie liée à la santé, en plus de mesurer la satisfaction de la patientèle et de recenser les effets indésirables. Résultats : En tout, 8 articles portant sur 3 essais ayant recruté 423 personnes ont été jugés admissibles. On a noté une réduction significative du score de douleur avec l'ASIME comparativement à la prise en charge non chirurgicale (différence moyenne standardisée [DMS] -1,71, intervalle de confiance [IC] de 95% -2,03 à -1,39). De même, l'IIO (DMS -1,03, IC de 95% -1,24 à -0,81), les scores aux dimensions physique (DMS 1,01, IC de 95% 0,83 à 1,19) et mentale (DMS 0,72, IC de 95% 0,54 à 0,9) du SF-36 et la satisfaction de la patientèle (rapport des cotes 6,87, IC de 95% 3,73 à 12,64) se sont significativement améliorés avec l'ASIME. Aucune différence significative n'a été observée entre les 2 groupes en ce qui concerne les effets indésirables (DMS -0,03, IC de 95% -0,28 à 0,23). Conclusion : Notre analyse a montré que l'ASIME avec ITT donne lieu à une amélioration statistiquement significative de la douleur, du score d'incapacité, de la qualité de vie liée à la santé et de la satisfaction de la patientèle, avec un profil d'effets indésirables semblable à celui qui accompagne la prise en charge non chirurgicale de la lombalgie chronique attribuée à une dysfonction sacro-iliaque., Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction is a degenerative condition that is considered a major cause of low back pain. (1) About 15%-30% of cases of low back pain in patients presenting [...]

* Context.--Noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinomas (PUCs) comprise most urinary bladder tumors. Distinction between low-grade (LG-PUC) and high-grade (HG-PUC) PUCs is pivotal for determining prognosis and subsequent treatment. Objective.--To investigate the histologic characteristics of tumors with borderline features between LG-PUC and HG-PUC, focusing on the risk of recurrence and progression. Design.--We reviewed the clinicopathologic parameters of noninvasive PUC. Tumors with borderline features were subcategorized as follows: tumors that look like LGPUC but have occasional pleomorphic nuclei (1-BORDNUP) or elevated mitotic count (2-BORD-MIT), and tumors with side-by-side distinct LG-PUC and less than 50% HG-PUC (3-BORD-MIXED). Recurrence-free, total progression-free, and specific invasion-free survival curves were derived from the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression analysis was performed. Results.--A total of 138 patients with noninvasive PUC were included, with the following distribution: LG-PUC (n = 52; 38%), HG-PUC (n = 34; 25%), BORD-NUP (n = 21; 15%), BORD-MIT (n = 14; 10%), and BORD-MIXED (n = 17; 12%). Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 44.2 months (29.9-73.1 months). Invasion-free survival was different between the 5 groups (P = .004), and pairwise comparison showed that HG-PUC had a worse prognosis compared with LG-PUC (P < .001). On univariate Cox analysis, HG-PUC and BORD-NUP were 10.5 times (95% CI, 2.3-48.3; P = .003) and 5.9 times (95% CI, 1.1-31.9; P = .04) more likely to invade, respectively, when compared to LG-PUC. Conclusions.--Our findings confirm a continuous spectrum of histologic changes in PUC. Approximately a third of noninvasive PUCs show borderline features between LG-PUC and HG-PUC. Compared with LG-PUC, BORDNUP and HG-PUC were more likely to invade on followup. BORD-MIXED tumors did not statistically behave differently from LG-PUC. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:223-229; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0268-OA), Bladder tumors are the fourth most common tumors in males. More than 80 000 patients receive a diagnosis of bladder cancer and 17 000 patients die of the disease each [...]

* Context.--The nature and associations of gallbladder (GB) 'adenomyoma' (AM) remain controversial. Some studies have attributed up to 26% of GB carcinoma to AMs. Objective.--To examine the true frequency, clinicopathologic characteristics, and neoplastic changes in GB AM. Design.--Cholecystectomy cohorts analyzed were 1953 consecutive cases, prospectively with specific attention to AM; 2347 consecutive archival cases; 203 totally embedded GBs; 207 GBs with carcinoma; and archival search of institutions for all cases diagnosed as AM. Results.--Frequency of AM was 9.3% (19 of 203) in totally submitted cases but 3.3% (77 of 2347) in routinely sampled archival tissue. A total of 283 AMs were identified, with a female to male ratio = 1.9 (177:94) and mean size = 1.3 cm (range, 0.3-5.9). Most (96%, 203 of 210) were fundic, with formed nodular trabeculated submucosal thickening, and were difficult to appreciate from the mucosal surface. Four of 257 were multifocal (1.6%), and 3 of 257 (1.2%) were extensive ('adenomyomatosis'). Dilated glands (up to 14 mm), often radially converging to a point in the mucosa, were typical. Muscle was often minimal, confined to the upper segment. Nine of 225 (4%) revealed features of a duplication. No specific associations with inflammation, cholesterolosis, intestinal metaplasia, or thickening of the uninvolved GB wall were identified. Neoplastic change arising in AM was seen in 9.9% (28 of 283). Sixteen of 283 (5.6%) had mural intracholecystic neoplasm; 7 of 283 (2.5%) had flat-type high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. Thirteen of 283 cases had both AM and invasive carcinoma (4.6%), but in only 5 of 283 (1.8%), carcinoma arose from AM (invasion was confined to AM, and dysplasia was predominantly in AM). Conclusions.--AMs have all the features of a malformative developmental lesion, and may not show a significant muscle component (ie, the name 'adeno-myoma' is partly a misnomer). While most are innocuous, some pathologies may arise in AMs, including intracholecystic neoplasms, flat-type high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma (1.8%, 5 of 283). It is recommended that gross examination of GBs include serial slicing of the fundus for AM detection and total submission if one is found. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:206-214; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0379-OA), Adenomyoma (AM), also called 'adenomyomatous hyperplasia' or ' adenomyomatous nodule,' has been noted as an often asymptomatic incidental lesion in cholecystectomies. (1,2) It is described as a collection of glands [...]

* Context.--The recently identified immunohistochemical marker TRPS1 is highly sensitive and specific for invasive breast carcinoma, especially triple-negative breast carcinoma. However, TRPS1 expression in special morphologic subtypes of breast cancer is unclear. Objective.--To investigate the expression of TRPS1 in invasive breast cancer with apocrine differentiation, in comparison to the expression of GATA3. Design.--A total of 52 invasive breast carcinomas with apocrine differentiation, comprising 41 triple-negative breast carcinomas and 11 estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cases, along with 11 triple-negative breast carcinomas without apocrine differentiation, were evaluated for TRPS1 and GATA3 expression by immunohistochemistry. All tumors were diffusely positive (>90%) for androgen receptor (AR). Results.--Triple-negative breast carcinoma with apocrine differentiation had positive TRPS1 expression in 12% of cases (5 of 41), whereas GATA3 was positive in all cases. Similarly, [HER2.sup.+]/[ER.sup.-] invasive breast carcinoma with apocrine differentiation showed positive TRPS1 in 18% of cases (2 of 11), whereas GATA3 was positive in all cases. In contrast, triple-negative breast carcinoma with strong AR expression but without apocrine differentiation showed both TRPS1 and GATA3 expression in 100% (11 of 11) of cases. Conclusions.--Most [ER.sup.-]/[PR.sup.-]/[AR.sup.+] invasive breast carcinomas with apocrine differentiation are TRPS1 negative and GATA3 positive, regardless of HER2 status. Therefore, TRPS1 negativity does not exclude breast origin in tumors with apocrine differentiation. A panel of TRPS1 and GATA3 immunostains can be helpful when the tissue origin of such tumors is clinically relevant. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:200-205; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0289-OA), The recently identified breast marker TRPS1 is more sensitive and specific than the widely used breast cancer markers, including GATA3. (1) TRPS1 (trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1, also known as transcriptional repressor [...]

The COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2019 remains uncontained, and fatalities and multiple waves of infection continue to occur worldwide (1). The causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, has been detected in humans [...]

Dengue virus (DENV) is not endemic in the continental United States (1); most cases occur among travelers to DENV-endemic areas (2). In Florida, USA, DENV infections are primarily reported among [...]

Human adenovirus (HAdV) infections can cause a range of symptoms but most commonly result in respiratory illnesses (1). Most HAdV infections are not clinically severe; however, more serious illness can [...]

In the legal histories of Reconstruction, the Fifteenth Amendment is usually an afterthought compared to the Fourteenth Amendment. This oversight is perplexing: the Fifteenth Amendment ushered in a brief period of multiracial democracy and laid the constitutional foundation for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This Article helps to complete the historical record, providing a thorough accounting of the Fifteenth Amendment's text, history, and purpose. This Article situates the Fifteenth Amendment within the broad array of constitutional provisions, federal statutes, fundamental conditions, and state laws that enfranchised--and disenfranchised--Black men during Reconstruction. It then dives into the congressional debate, cataloging every version of the Amendment that was voted on. Next, this Article turns to the ratification debate, an intense partisan affair that culminated in Congress compelling four Southern States' ratification as part of their readmission to the Union. Uncovering the Fifteenth Amendment's past has important implications for today's doctrinal questions. This Article, however, does not focus on answering those questions, but instead centers on the issues debated by the ratifying generation. The Reconstruction Framers were united in their goal of enfranchising Black men nationwide, but they were deeply divided over how best to achieve that goal and whether other disenfranchised groups--women, Irish Americans, and Chinese immigrants--should be covered by the Amendment as well. In addition, the Reconstruction Framers debated whether and how the Amendment could be circumvented and whether officeholding should be explicitly protected. This Article argues that the Fifteenth Amendment's original understanding went beyond forbidding facially discriminatory voting qualifications; the Fifteenth Amendment also prohibited the use of racial proxies and, albeit less clearly, protected the right to hold office. But more fundamentally, the Fifteenth Amendment rejected the original Constitution's theory of democracy, which delegated to States the authority to decide who deserved the franchise based on whether they had a sufficient stake in the community or their interests were virtually represented. In short, the Fifteenth Amendment is the first constitutional provision to embrace the idea that the right to vote is preservative of all other rights., ARTICLE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1043 I. THE RIGHTTO VOTE BEFORE THE FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT 1052 A. The Original Constitution 1052 B. The Fourteenth Amendment 1054 C. Federal Legislation 1057 1. Enfranchisement Statutes [...]

Money is power. Banks have the extraordinary power to create the nation's money and credit, which they are entrusted to channel into productive economic uses. Like most other forms of economic power, this publicly granted privilege can be abused for private gain. That is why the "money monopoly" and "money trusts" were once considered one of the most dangerous forms of concentrated private wealth, an existential threat to economic freedom and American democracy. Yet, for the past half-century, the law governing banks and the law curbing monopolies have occupied doctrinally and normatively separate spaces. Today, banking law is seen predominantly as an instrument of ensuring banks' "safety and soundness," which only minimally overlaps with competition-focused antitrust law. This Essay offers a new understanding of banking law and its connection to antitrust. It argues that, contrary to the prevailing view, U.S. bank regulation operates as a comprehensive anti-monopoly regime, designed to prevent excessive concentration of private power over the supply and allocation of money and credit in a democratic economy. The Essay shows how multiple provisions of banking law impose structural constraints on banks' ability to abuse public subsidy and other government-granted powers and privileges. While often understood as serving purely prudential purposes, these statutes and regulations seek to protect America's economy from potentially perilous competitive distortions and domination by concentrated financial interests. Reframing the core narrative of U.S. banking law around the issue of economic power in a democratic society has far-reaching implications. Embracing the embedded antimonopoly spirit of bank regulation can fundamentally reset policymakers' priorities and expand their options. It can generate more effective and comprehensive solutions to some of today's most pressing public policy challenges, from the continuing growth of "too big to fail" banks to the rise of crypto and digital platform-based finance., ESSAY CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1166 I. ANTITRUST LAW AND BANKING: THE SHARED HISTORICAL TRADITION 1175 A. Basic Principles of Antitrust Law: A Brief Overview 1175 B. The Tangled Roots of Bank [...]

In recent years, faith communities across the United States have begun to create affordable housing on church property, inspired by sincerely held religious beliefs. Some are building microhomes behind their houses of worship. Others are converting residences once used by religious ministers--from rectories to abbeys to convents--into units for seniors and low-income families. Still others are repurposing their vacant schools, church parking lots, and undeveloped parcels of land for denser multifamily structures, from townhouses to apartment buildings. Within housing-advocacy circles and among faith communities, these continent-wide efforts to create affordable housing on church property have manifested an affirmative declaration: "Yes, In God's Backyard." Legal scholarship and popular media have extensively documented the affordable-housing crisis. In particular, scholars and commentators have underscored the pernicious role of exclusionary zoning in strangling housing production, ultimately sending regional housing prices skyward. When faith communities create affordable housing on church property, much of which is located in residentially zoned areas, they seek something other than fair market value. Some might call it "charity" (tzedakah) or "discipleship," a commitment to "welcome the stranger" or to "love your neighbor as yourself." Faith communities seek theologically and morally sound uses for their underutilized property, but often struggle to overcome the regulatory and financial hurdles of adaptive reuse. Local governments can incentivize redevelopment that benefits the wider community, growing their affordable housing supply. But their mutual benefit does not exempt faith communities from challenge when they choose to redevelop church property for affordable housing. Neighbors may seek to thwart faith communities from introducing denser, multifamily residential structures in their backyard, relying on land-use restrictions designed to prohibit less costly forms of housing. When they succeed, these challenges from NIMBY ("Not In My Backyard") neighbors can limit both housing supply and the free exercise of religion. This Feature thus proposes a novel response to exclusionary zoning: religious liberty. Where sincerely held religious beliefs inspire faith communities' efforts to create affordable housing, these communities can assert constitutional and statutory free exercise protections against land-use decisions that obstruct denser, less expensive, multifamily developments on church land. This Feature also explores municipal and state legislative reforms that lower the barrier where faith communities struggle to overcome the regulatory and financial hurdles of adaptive reuse and demonstrates the breadth of potential for affordable housing on church property, drawing on public sources and a novel data set to map parcels owned by Roman Catholic dioceses in Chicago, Illinois and Oakland, California across municipal zones. Regardless of how faith communities came to own property within their limits, or why faith communities seek to repurpose property within their limits, most local governments need property within their limits to create affordable housing. And faith communities are willing partners in their endeavor., FEATURE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1257 I. THE AFFORDABLE HOUSING 1264 CRISIS AND HOUSES OF WORSHIP A. America's Housing 1267 Crisis and Land-Use Regulation B. Crisis of Houses of Worship 1277 II. [...]

Vertical jump performance is vital to many sports and is predictive of power output. Both resistance exercises and plyometric exercises have been shown to increase vertical jump performance. Identifying the type of exercise that increases jump height the most may be useful to coaches and athletes worldwide. The literature has stated that both resistance and plyometric exercises are used in many athletic training programs; however, the plyometric depth jump is often underutilized to increase vertical jump height. This study compares the effects of two types of exercises (plyometric depth jump and traditional deadlift) on vertical leap height in female collegiate athletes. Eleven women's basketball players and 15 women's softball players performed a 6-week training study. The depth jump group (n = 11) and the deadlift group (n = 15) trained three times per week. Both groups improved in vertical jump height, but the depth jump group had a greater increase, which was nearly significant (p = .061). The findings show that the implementation of plyometric exercises, such as the depth jump, into training programs could lead to a greater increase in muscular power and vertical jump height than resistance exercises alone., All physical activities involve the use of muscular force and power. Both traditional resistance training and plyometrics can increase force production and power in an athlete. One measurement of this [...]

This research focused on the development of anion exchange membrane electrolytes suitable for direct methanol alkaline fuel cells (DMAFC) by employing a straightforward blending and solution casting process complemented by subsequent heat treatment. Tartaric acid (TA) was employed as a cross-linking agent to enhance the heat resistance and structural integrity of the PVA matrix. The distinctive attributes of the PT (PVA and tartaric acid blend) samples, including water absorption and swelling capacity, were comprehensively investigated with respect to variations in both TA content (expressed as wt % relative to the PVA matrix) and alterations in the duration of thermal treatment. Cross-link formation between the polymer chains and TA was determined using FTIR analysis. The samples were subjected to comprehensive analysis, encompassing the determination of crystallinity via X-ray diffraction (XRD), assessment of thermal stability using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), investigation of morphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and measurement of ionic conductivity using AC Impedance spectroscopy. The methanol permeability was measured to determine the selectivity values of the membranes. Subsequently, within the DMAFC system, the performances of the PT30-3, PT40-2, and PT40-3 membranes, which exhibited the highest selectivities, were assessed. The contribution of the crosslinking process to the resistance of the membranes to oxidative conditions, as represented by the Fenton solution, was evaluated to assess the chemical stability of the membranes. The maximum power densities for PT30-3 and PT40-3 membranes reached 15.29 and 12.53 mW/[cm.sup.2] at 30[degrees]C, respectively. These figures exhibited a notable increase, reaching 32.73 mW/[cm.sup.2] for PT30-3 and 31.72 mW/[cm.sup.2] for PT40-3 when the temperature was elevated to 60[degrees]C. This study confirmed that the crosslinking strategy using TA assisted by thermal treatment is very simple and competitive compared with other techniques reported in the literature. PT membranes are promising candidates for commercialization and utilization in DMAFC owing to their environment-friendly nature, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency. Highlights * TA cross-linking improved the thermal and dimensional stability of PVA. * The PT membrane properties varied with TA content and thermal treatment time. * Some electrolytes in this study outperformed those previously reported for DMAFC. * PT membranes offer efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness for DMAFCs. KEYWORDS anion-exchange membrane, cross-linking, electrolyte, polyvinyl alcohol, tartaric acid, 1 | INTRODUCTION The combustion of fossil fuels emits pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which have adverse effects on the environment. (1-3) The decline in [...]

Polylactic acid (PLA) is the most widely used material in the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique, which is a biocompatible thermoplastic. However, PLA's usefulness is limited by its narrow processing window and relatively low mechanical properties. Therefore, PLA composites have been developed to enhance its properties for FFF printing. A key challenge in producing composite parts via this method is to find the correlation between the mechanical properties of the parts and the process parameters. This knowledge is essential for optimizing the printing process to achieve the desired mechanical properties for composite parts industries such as aerospace, automotive, and medical, where high-performance composite materials are crucial. The ability to control and predict the mechanical properties of FFF-printed composite parts is critical for their successful integration into these industries. In this study, the effect of nozzle temperature (NT), printing speed (PS), and nominal porosity (POR) on the impact strength and specific impact strength of PLA/iron composites was examined using FFF. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the experimental design. The results revealed that POR had the most significant effect on the impact resistance data, while NT had the least effect. Reducing the POR led to improved impact resistance in the samples. Multi-objective optimization results showed that the lowest NT (190[degrees] C), the lowest POR (30%), and a PS of 50 mm/s were the optimal conditions for multiple objectives. RSM was also utilized to develop mathematical models of impact properties, focusing on varying NT, POR, and PS, which can be used to predict desired impact properties. Highlights * Nominal porosity has the most influence on the impact strength of PLA/iron composites. * Optimum values were temperature of 190[degrees]C, nominal porosity of 30%, and speed of 50 mm/s. * RSM was effective in enhancing the mechanical properties of composite materials. * RSM models provide a predictive tool for future FFF-printed composite parts. * Maximum impact strength of 4.44 kJ/[m.sup.2] was achieved. KEYWORDS 3D printing, composites, impact resistance, mechanical properties, thermoplastics, 1 | INTRODUCTION Time is one of the most important factors during the engineering process, but accuracy is another that must be kept in mind at all times. Due to [...]

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Ochrobactrum sp. demonstrated the highest rates of dye bioremediation. The trials were performed at pH 8, which resulted in the highest bioremediation rate of 64.6% in media containing 21.2 mg [L.sup.-1] dye. As the dye concentration increased, the pollutant removal decreased, with the maximum bioremoval rate of 70.3%. The removal capacity was increased with an increase in biomass concentration; the highest yield of 91.3% was obtained in media containing 14.2 mg [L.sup.-1] dye and 12% (v/v) biomass. In nanoremediation studies, the bacterial consortium was immobilized on cellulose acetate nanofiber mats (CA-NFM). Scanning electron microscopic micrographs showed that bead-free nanofiber mats were effective in immobilizing bacterial cells. Moreover, nanofiber structures were capable of supporting exopolysaccharides formation, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The bacterial consortium immobilized on CA-NFM showed a maximum bioremoval rate of 56.5%. Reusability tests demonstrated that the consortium immobilized CA-NFM could be used at least five times. Furthermore, after leaving the mat for 1 month at 4[degrees]C, it was still usable, and the removal efficiency was found to be 45.4%. Based on our findings, bacteria immobilized on CA-NFM have the potential to be used as highly effective and versatile nanobiotechnological biological sorbents in the treatment of wastewater containing dyes. Highlights * Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Ochrobactrum sp. were used as a bacterial consortium. * Bacterial consortium immobilized on cellulose acetate nanofiber mats (CA-NFM) was tested. * EPS production by the consortium was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. * CA-NFM could be used at least five times. KEYWORDS bacteria, cellulose acetate nanofiber, dye, nanoremediation, wastewater, 1 | INTRODUCTION As industrialization continues to grow, wastewater pollutants have become a concerning issue. Industrial wastewater contains a vast array of organic and inorganic compounds, including synthetic dyestuffs used [...]

The three-dimensional (3D) printed poly lactic acid (PLA) bone plates lack mechanical strength, resulting in premature failure. Coating these plates with polydopamine (PDM) forms covalent bonds with the PLA molecular structure, enhancing their mechanical properties. The mechanical strength of the coated bone plates is influenced by infill density, submersion time, shaker speed, and coating solution concentration. However, conducting experiments for each parameter value to achieve maximum biomechanical tensile strength (BTS) and biomechanical flexural strength (BFS) is time-consuming and costly. Overall, the combination of response surface methodology (RSM) and machine learning (ML) enables determination of the best printing parameters, leading to reduced material waste, personalized bone plates tailored to individual anatomy, improved implant fit, and functionality. Moreover, this approach has the potential to reduce the need for additional surgeries and overall costs. To optimize coating parameters, this study employs RSM and ML techniques, including genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), random search optimization (RSO), and differential evolution (DE). Experimental validation of the optimized process parameters and their corresponding fitness values is carried out using both RSM and ML approaches. The results demonstrate that GA has the closest relationship between experimental and fitness values, followed by DE, RSM, PSO, and RSO. Highlights * Direct immersion coating of polydopamine on 3D printed PLA bone plates. * Evaluating mechanical strength for bone plates coated at varying parameters. * Statistical modeling and optimization of mechanical strength using RSM. * Mechanical strength optimization and convergence properties for ML models. * Experimental validation of RSM and ML-based optimization algorithms. KEYWORDS biomechanical flexural strength, biomechanical tensile strength, bone plates, machine learning, polydopamine, process optimization, 1 | INTRODUCTION Distal ulna bone plates assist in providing stability and accelerating healing of distal ulna bone fractures by holding fractured bone fragments together. (1) The conventional design of [...]

This study focuses on the development of composite materials using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with fillers such as barium titanate (BaTi[O.sub.3]) and graphene. Suitable surface treatment of filler particles is applied to activate the fillers to enhance the compatibility between the fillers and polymer matrix. Specifically, the BaTi[O.sub.3] particles are hydroxylated and treated with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), which acts as a compatibilizer between the two matrix polymers. On the other hand, the graphene particles are hydroxylated and treated with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), which reacts with the TPU soft segment chains during composite fabrication. The composite samples are fabricated via melt-blending at 190[degrees]C, followed by mini molding at the same operating temperature for subsequent analysis. The results demonstrate a three-fold improvement in the dielectric constant of 40 wt.% BaTi[O.sub.3] and graphene-TPU-PLA blends composites relative to that of the neat TPU, along with an improved tensile strength. The tensile strength improvement is attributed to the support of the TPU matrix against the low ductility of the PLA. The thermal conductivity was doubled as compared with the neat TPU-PLA matrix for the 40 wt.% BaTi[O.sub.3] and graphene-TPU-PLA blends. Highlights * Composites of TPU-PLA-graphene and BaTi[O.sub.3] filler particles were fabricated. * The melt blending technique was employed to fabricate the composite. * The dielectric constant was analyzed at both constant and variable frequencies. * Thermal conductivity was doubled (40 [graphene + BaTi[O.sub.3]]) KEYWORDS composites, dielectric property, polymer blend, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, 1 | INTRODUCTION Due to the latest advancements in the miniaturization of electrical and power systems, recent research attention has focused on highly compact materials with superb energy storage and [...]