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3. Identification of Aichivirus in a Pet Rat (Rattus norvegicus) in Italy

Author

Alfano, Flora, primary, Lucibelli, Maria Gabriella, additional, Serra, Francesco, additional, Levante, Martina, additional, Rea, Simona, additional, Gallo, Amalia, additional, Petrucci, Federica, additional, Pucciarelli, Alessia, additional, Picazio, Gerardo, additional, Monini, Marina, additional, Di Bartolo, Ilaria, additional, d’Ovidio, Dario, additional, Santoro, Mario, additional, De Carlo, Esterina, additional, Fusco, Giovanna, additional, and Amoroso, Maria Grazia, additional

Published
2024
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6. Investigation on anthropogenic and opportunistic factors relevant to the incidence of stranded loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta along South Tyrrhenian coasts

Author

Serra, Francesco, primary, Iaccarino, Doriana, additional, Fiorito, Filomena, additional, Di Nocera, Fabio, additional, Esposito, Mauro, additional, Cerracchio, Claudia, additional, Esposito, Emanuele, additional, Lambiase, Sara, additional, Degli Uberti, Barbara, additional, Lucifora, Giuseppe, additional, De Carlo, Esterina, additional, Fusco, Giovanna, additional, and Amoroso, Maria Grazia, additional

Published
2023
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7. Molecular Survey of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Mammals of Southern Italy

Author

Dakroub, Hiba, primary, Sgroi, Giovanni, additional, D’Alessio, Nicola, additional, Russo, Danilo, additional, Serra, Francesco, additional, Veneziano, Vincenzo, additional, Rea, Simona, additional, Pucciarelli, Alessia, additional, Lucibelli, Maria Gabriella, additional, De Carlo, Esterina, additional, Fusco, Giovanna, additional, and Amoroso, Maria Grazia, additional

Published
2023
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8. A Retrospective Study of Viral Molecular Prevalences in Cats in Southern Italy (Campania Region)

Author

Amoroso, Maria Grazia, primary, Serra, Francesco, additional, Miletti, Gianluca, additional, Cardillo, Lorena, additional, de Martinis, Claudio de, additional, Marati, Luisa, additional, Alfano, Flora, additional, Ferrara, Gianmarco, additional, Pagnini, Ugo, additional, De Carlo, Esterina De, additional, Fusco, Giovanna, additional, and Montagnaro, Serena, additional

Published
2022
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11. Canine Distemper Virus in Autochtonous and Imported Dogs, Southern Italy (2014–2021)

Author

Alfano, Flora, primary, Lanave, Gianvito, additional, Lucibelli, Maria Gabriella, additional, Miletti, Gianluca, additional, D’Alessio, Nicola, additional, Gallo, Amalia, additional, Auriemma, Clementina, additional, Amoroso, Maria Grazia, additional, Lucente, Maria Stella, additional, De Carlo, Esterina, additional, Martella, Vito, additional, Decaro, Nicola, additional, and Fusco, Giovanna, additional

Published
2022
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15. Prevalence of Infection with Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in the Wild Boar Population in the Campania Region (Southern Italy)

Author

Amoroso, Maria Grazia, primary, Serra, Francesco, additional, Esposito, Claudia, additional, D’Alessio, Nicola, additional, Ferrara, Gianmarco, additional, Cioffi, Barbara, additional, Anzalone, Antonietta, additional, Pagnini, Ugo, additional, De Carlo, Esterina, additional, Fusco, Giovanna, additional, and Montagnaro, Serena, additional

Published
2021
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17. Fatal Interstitial Pneumonia Associated with Bovine Coronavirus in Cows from Southern Italy

Author

Amoroso, Maria Grazia, primary, Lucifora, Giuseppe, additional, Degli Uberti, Barbara, additional, Serra, Francesco, additional, De Luca, Giovanna, additional, Borriello, Giorgia, additional, De Domenico, Alessandro, additional, Brandi, Sergio, additional, Cuomo, Maria Concetta, additional, Bove, Francesca, additional, Riccardi, Marita Georgia, additional, Galiero, Giorgio, additional, and Fusco, Giovanna, additional

Published
2020
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22. Taenia hydatigena cysticercosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy: an epidemiological and molecular survey.

Author

Sgroi, Giovanni, Varcasia, Antonio, D'Alessio, Nicola, Varuzza, Paolo, Buono, Francesco, Amoroso, Maria Grazia, Boufana, Belgees, Otranto, Domenico, Fioretti, Alessandro, and Veneziano, Vincenzo

Subjects
WILD boar, CYSTICERCOSIS, TAENIA, DOMESTIC animal diseases, HUNTING dogs, WILDLIFE management, PARASITIC diseases
Abstract

Taenia hydatigena cysticercosis is a widespread parasitic disease of wild and domestic animals. In Europe, the increase in wild boar population may potentially contribute to the spread of this parasitic infection. To determine the occurrence of cysticerci (metacestodes) in wild boar population from southern Italy, carcasses were inspected during three hunting seasons (2016–2018). Out of 3363 wild boar examined, 229 (6.8%) harboured cysticerci with 188 (82.1%) infected by a single cyst, vs 41 (17.9%) boars having more than one. Most of the positive animals (187; 81.7%) showed cysts on the liver, whereas a multiple localization of cysticerci was reported in 10 (4.4%) wild boar. The total number of cysts retrieved from positive animals was 301 (average 1.3). Molecular analysis revealed the occurrence of a common haplotype (Hap 8) shared between wild boar and domestic animals. Our findings suggest the presence of a T. hydatigena semi-domestic life cycle in which wild boar may play an important role, due to a large number of offal available to hunting dogs, wolves and foxes during hunting seasons. Hunters may be players in the management of wildlife species to control and prevent the circulation of parasitic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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25. Protective Effect of the Nramp1 BB Genotype against Brucella abortusin the Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Author

Capparelli, Rosanna, Alfano, Flora, Amoroso, Maria Grazia, Borriello, Giorgia, Fenizia, Domenico, Bianco, Antonio, Roperto, Sante, Roperto, Franco, and Iannelli, Domenico

Abstract

ABSTRACTWe tested 413 water buffalo cows (142 cases and 271 controls) for the presence of anti-Brucella abortusantibodies (by the skin test, the agglutination test, and the complement fixation test) and the Nramp1genotype (by capillary electrophoresis). Four alleles (Nramp1A, -B, -C, and -D) were detected in the 3′ untranslated region of the Nramp1gene. The BBgenotype was represented among only controls, providing evidence that this genotype confers resistance to Brucella abortus. The monocytes from the BB (resistant) subjects displayed a higher basal level of Nramp1mRNA and a lower number of viable intracellular bacteria than did the monocytes from AA (susceptible) subjects. The higher basal level of the antibacterial protein Nramp1 most probably provides the BB animals with the possibility of controlling bacteria immediately after their entry inside the cell.

Published
2007
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26. Canine Coronavirus Activates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor during In Vitro Infection

Author

Claudia Cerracchio, Francesco Serra, Maria Grazia Amoroso, Filomena Fiorito, Cerracchio, Claudia, Serra, Francesco, Amoroso, Maria Grazia, and Fiorito, Filomena

Subjects
Mammals, CCoV, Genotype, SARS-CoV-2, virus yield, AhR, COVID-19, NP, CH223191, Infectious Diseases, Dogs, Coronavirus, Canine, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon, Virology, A72 cells, A72 cell, Animals
Abstract

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that interacts with substrates, including microbial metabolites. Recent advances reveal that AhR is involved in the host response to coronaviruses (CoVs) infection. Particularly, AhR antagonists decrease the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via AhR up-regulation, resulting in suppression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in mammalian cells. Herein, we report that AhR is expressed in canine fibrosarcoma (A72) cells, where it is considerably activated by infection with genotype II of canine coronavirus (CCoV-II). The pharmacological inhibition of AhR, by CH223191, suppressed cell death signs and increased cell viability. Furthermore, the AhR antagonist induced a meaningful decline in virus yield, accompanied by the inhibition of the expression of viral nuclear protein (NP). Fascinatingly, during CCoV infection, a novel co-expression of NP and AhR expression was found. Taken together, our preliminary findings show that infection with CCoV activates AhR, and pharmacologic AhR inhibition reduces CCoV replication, identifying AhR as a possible candidate target for CCoV antiviral therapy.

Published
2022
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27. Effectiveness of the Fungal Metabolite 3-O-Methylfunicone towards Canine Coronavirus in a Canine Fibrosarcoma Cell Line (A72)

Author

Claudia Cerracchio, Valentina Iovane, Maria Michela Salvatore, Maria Grazia Amoroso, Hiba Dakroub, Marina DellaGreca, Rosario Nicoletti, Anna Andolfi, Filomena Fiorito, Cerracchio, Claudia, Iovane, Valentina, Salvatore, Maria Michela, Amoroso, Maria Grazia, Dakroub, Hiba, Dellagreca, Marina, Nicoletti, Rosario, Andolfi, Anna, and Fiorito, Filomena

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, secondary metabolites, Talaromyces pinophilus, canine coronavirus, A72 cells, virus yield, viral nucleocapsid protein, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Pharmacology (medical), General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Biochemistry, Microbiology
Abstract

Canine coronavirus (CCoV), an alphacoronavirus, may cause self-limiting enteric disease in dogs, especially in puppies. The noteworthy plasticity of coronaviruses (CoVs) occurs through mutation and recombination processes, which sometimes generate new dangerous variants. The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the isolation of a novel canine–feline recombinant alphacoronavirus from humans emphasizes the cross-species transmission ability of CoVs. In this context, exploring antiviral compounds is essential to find new tools for fighting against CoVs infections. Fungi produce secondary metabolites, which are often developed as antibiotics, fungicides, hormones, and plant growth regulators. Previous examinations of benzo-γ-pyrone 3-O-methylfunicone (OMF), obtained from Talaromyces pinophilus, showed that it reduces the infectivity of hepatitis C virus and bovine herpesvirus 1. Based on this evidence, this study evaluated the antiviral ability of OMF against CCoV infection in a canine fibrosarcoma (A72) cell line. During CCoV infection, a non-toxic dose of OMF markedly increased features of cell viability. Moreover, OMF induced a significant reduction in virus yield in the presence of an intense downregulation of the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP). These findings occurred in the presence of a marked reduction in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression. Taken together, preliminary findings suggest that OMF inhibiting AhR shows promising activity against CCoV infection.

Published
2022

28. A First Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Circulation in Bats of Central–Southern Italy

Author

Hiba Dakroub, Danilo Russo, Luca Cistrone, Francesco Serra, Giovanna Fusco, Esterina De Carlo, Maria Grazia Amoroso, Dakroub, Hiba, Russo, Danilo, Cistrone, Luca, Serra, Francesco, Fusco, Giovanna, De Carlo, Esterina, and Amoroso, Maria Grazia

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, General Immunology and Microbiology, Immunology and Allergy, Molecular Biology
Abstract

One serious concern associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is that the virus might spill back from humans to wildlife, which would render some animal species reservoirs of the human virus. We assessed the potential circulation of SARS-CoV-2 caused by reverse infection from humans to bats, by performing bat surveillance from different sites in Central–Southern Italy. We restricted our survey to sampling techniques that are minimally invasive and can therefore be broadly applied by non-medical operators such as bat workers. We collected 240 droppings or saliva from 129 bats and tested them using specific and general primers for SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses, respectively. All samples (127 nasal swabs and 113 faecal droppings) were negative for SARS-CoV-2, and these results were confirmed by testing the samples with the Droplet Digital PCR. Additionally, pancoronavirus end-point RT-PCR was performed, and no sample showed specific bands. This outcome is a first step towards a better understanding of the reverse transmission of this virus to bats. Although the occurrence of a reverse zoonotic pattern can only be fully established by serological testing, the latter might represent an in-depth follow-up to a broad-scale preliminary assessment performed with our approach. We encourage the systematic surveillance of bats to help prevent reverse zoonotic episodes that would jeopardize human health, as well as biodiversity conservation and management.

Published
2022

29. Protective effect of the Nramp1 BB genotype against Brucella abortus in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Author

Giorgia Borriello, Sante Roperto, Franco Roperto, Maria Grazia Amoroso, Antonio C. Bianco, Domenico Iannelli, Domenico Fenizia, Rosanna Capparelli, Flora Alfano, Capparelli, Rosanna, Alfano, F, Amoroso, MARIA GRAZIA, Borriello, Giorgia, Fenizia, D, Bianco, A, Roperto, Sante, Roperto, FRANCO PEPPINO, and Iannelli, Domenico

Subjects
Cytoplasm, Multifactorial Inheritance, Buffaloes, genotype, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology, Colony Count, Microbial, Brucella abortus, Brucellaceae, Brucella abortu, Microbiology, Brucellosis, Monocytes, bubalus bubali, Agglutination Tests, Direct agglutination test, parasitic diseases, Genotype, Animals, Nramp, RNA, Messenger, 3' Untranslated Regions, Cation Transport Proteins, Alleles, Skin Tests, Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions, biology, Complement Fixation Tests, Homozygote, biology.organism_classification, Complement fixation test, Antibodies, Bacterial, Reactive Nitrogen Species, Immunity, Innate, Infectious Diseases, biology.protein, Female, Parasitology, Bubalus, Antibody, Reactive Oxygen Species, Bacteria, Brucella melitensis
Abstract

We tested 413 water buffalo cows (142 cases and 271 controls) for the presence of anti-Brucella abortusantibodies (by the skin test, the agglutination test, and the complement fixation test) and theNramp1genotype (by capillary electrophoresis). Four alleles (Nramp1A, -B, -C, and -D) were detected in the 3′ untranslated region of theNramp1gene. TheBBgenotype was represented among only controls, providing evidence that this genotype confers resistance toBrucella abortus. The monocytes from the BB (resistant) subjects displayed a higher basal level ofNramp1mRNA and a lower number of viable intracellular bacteria than did the monocytes from AA (susceptible) subjects. The higher basal level of the antibacterial protein Nramp1 most probably provides the BB animals with the possibility of controlling bacteria immediately after their entry inside the cell.

Published
2007

30. A pseudorabies outbreak in hunting dogs in Campania region (Italy): a case presentation and epidemiological survey.

Author

Ferrara G, Pagnini U, Parisi A, Amoroso MG, Fusco G, Iovane G, and Montagnaro S

Subjects
Animals, Dogs, Herpesvirus 1, Suid genetics, Italy epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Dog Diseases epidemiology, Pseudorabies epidemiology, Pseudorabies virology
Abstract

Background: Pseudorabies is an infection of domestic and wild pigs that has occasionally been reported in dogs with fatal encephalitis. Hunting dogs are predisposed to pseudorabies exposure due to incorrect practices (administration of raw infected meat) or close contact with infected wild boars. This study described an outbreak of pseudorabies in two hunting dogs in the Campania region, southern Italy., Case Presentation: Two hunting dogs were hospitalized after a hunting trip, with fever, itching, and self-inflicted lesions. Laboratory tests showed mild anemia and marked leukocytosis. Despite conservative therapy, both animals died 48 h after the presentation of symptoms. One of the carcasses was sent to the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production in Naples to confirm the suspicion of pseudorabies. DNA was extracted from different matrices and used as a template for real-time PCR to detect PRV. Several samples (brain, cerebellum, brainstem, lung, and liver) tested positive. Subsequent sequence analyses of glycoprotein E from DNA extracted from the brain stem revealed a sequence similarity to those described in previous cases of pseudorabies in dogs in Italy, France and Belgium. One month after the outbreak, blood samples were collected from 42 dogs belonging to the same hunting team and from 245 dogs (cohort population) living in the Campania region. All samples were tested with two commercial ELISAs to detect seroconversion against glycoproteins B and E. A seroprevalence of 19% was observed in the hunting team affected by the outbreak, while only 0.8% was observed in the regional dog population., Conclusions: The data reported in this study demonstrate potential exposure to PRV by dead-end hosts, particularly hunting dogs. The sequencing results indicated the homogeneity of PRV strains circulating in the different Italian regions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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