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Ossification of the glenoid is a predictable developmental process in adolescents. However, a lack of knowledge of the variability of this process provides a challenge in discerning between normal adolescent development and shoulder pathology. We presented a case of a 15-year-old male with chronic intermittent right shoulder pain who was diagnosed with a labral tear based on presentation, physical exam, and magnetic resonance arthrogram. He subsequently underwent a diagnostic arthroscopy which revealed no evidence of labral or bony pathology and was instead concluded to have an incomplete ossification of the glenoid. His symptoms were assessed to be related to rotator cuff tendinitis, for which he underwent focused physical therapy which resulted in complete resolution of symptoms at his 1-month postoperative follow-up. Understanding the normal ossification process of the glenoid clinically and through imaging can help physicians recognize normal shoulder development and avoid misinterpretation of findings as pathology in adolescent patients.

Musculoskeletal (MSK) pathology encompasses an array of conditions that can cause anything from mild discomfort to permanent injury. Their prevalence and impact on disability have sparked interest in more effective treatments, particularly within orthopedics. As a result, the human placenta has come into focus within regenerative medicine as a perinatal derivative (PnD). These biologics are sourced from components of the placenta, each possessing a unique composition of collagens, proteins, and factors believed to aid in healing and regeneration. This review aims to explore the current literature on PnD biologics and their potential benefits for treating various MSK pathologies. We delve into different types of PnDs and their healing effects on muscles, tendons, bones, cartilage, ligaments, and nerves. Our discussions highlight the crucial role of immune modulation in the healing process for each condition. PnDs have been observed to influence the balance between anti- and pro-inflammatory factors and, in some cases, act as biologic scaffolds for tissue growth. Additionally, we assess the range of PnDs available, while also addressing gaps in our understanding, particularly regarding biologic processing methods. Although certain PnD biologics have varying levels of support in orthopedic literature, further clinical investigations are necessary to fully evaluate their impact on human patients.

Orthopedic costs associated with gunshot wounds (GSWs) totaled approximately USD 510 million from 2005 to 2014. Previous studies have identified differences in injuries associated with self-inflicted (SI) GSWs; however, there remains a gap in understanding injury patterns. This study aims to expand upon the current literature and shed light on injury patterns and outcomes associated with SI vs. non-self-inflicted (NSI) GSWs. This is a retrospective cohort study of upper extremity GSWs from January 2012 to December 2022. Data were analyzed using the two-sample t-test, Pearson’s chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test. SI GSWs tended to be high-velocity GSWs and occurred more often in distal locations compared to NSI GSWs (p = 0.0014 and p < 0.0001, respectively). SI GSWs were associated with higher Gustilo–Anderson (GA) and Tscherne classifications (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0048, respectively) and with a greater frequency of neurovascular damage (p = 0.0048). There was no difference in fracture rate or need for operative intervention between the groups. GA and Tscherne classifications were associated with the need for and type of surgery (p < 0.0001), with a higher classification being associated with more intricate operative intervention; however, GSW velocity was not associated with operative need (p = 0.42). Our findings demonstrate that velocity, wound grading systems, and other factors are associated with the manner in which GSWs to the upper extremity are inflicted and may thus have potential for use in the prediction of injury patterns and planning of trauma management and surgical intervention.