693,400 results on '"Ammonium"'
Search Results
2. Determination of ammonium and nitrate in soils by digital colorimetry.
- Author
-
Garmay AV, Oskolok KV, Monogarova OV, and Demidov MI
- Subjects
- Colorimetry methods, Soil chemistry, Environmental Monitoring methods, Nitrates analysis, Soil Pollutants analysis, Ammonium Compounds analysis
- Abstract
A method of digital colorimetric determination of ammonium and nitrate in soils is proposed. The method is based on corresponding photometric procedures of ammonium and nitrate determination after potassium chloride extraction from soil samples. Ammonium is determined as an indophenol dye, and nitrate is determined as an azo dye. The original procedures were modified to overcome the lower sensitivity of the digital colorimetric method. For ammonium determination, the time required for the reaction to proceed completely was studied. Along with the use of a 96-well microplate protected from ambient light by a special frame, mathematical correction of scattered radiation using black ink and taking the images by a scanner in transmission mode without any post-processing, the resulting colorimetric methods proved to provide accuracy and sensitivity close to those of the spectrophotometric method, and the overall analysis speed for tens of samples was even higher. Limits of detection and quantitation for NO
3 - were 0.42 and 1.4 mg/kg, and for NH4 + , they were 1.1 and 3.7 mg/kg, which is lower than for standard methods. The methods' validity was proven by the analysis of standard samples and by the analysis of soil samples collected in several districts of the Moscow region., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity testing of quaternary ammonium silane compounds.
- Author
-
Kuruca T and Akarsu E
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents chemical synthesis, Antifungal Agents chemistry, Molecular Structure, Structure-Activity Relationship, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Candida albicans drug effects, Escherichia coli drug effects, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemical synthesis, Silanes chemistry, Silanes pharmacology, Silanes chemical synthesis, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry
- Abstract
With increasing health awareness of the pathogenic effects of disease-causing microorganisms, interest in and use (of medical textiles, disinfectants in medical devices, etc.) of antimicrobial substances have increased in various applications, such as medical textiles and disinfectants (alcohol-based and nonalcoholic), in medical devices There are several concerns with alcohol-based disinfectants, such as surface deformation of medical devices due to high alcohol content and damage to skin tissue caused by lipid and protein denaturation of cell membranes. Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) were preferred because they have the potential to prepare water-based disinfectants. In this study, novel (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane (CPTMO) and (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane (CPTEO) based quaternary ammonium silane compounds (silane-quats) were developed using quats with carbon chain lengths of C12, C14, C16 and C18. Titration (ASTM D2074) was used to calculate the yield of the synthesis and the structures of the products were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
13 C NMR,1 H NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized samples was evaluated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Enterococcus hirae (E. hirae)) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans (C. albicans), Aspergillus brasiliensis (A. brasiliensis)) using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. According to MIC tests, the silane-quats with the highest antimicrobial effects were dimethylhexadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (SQ3), which had an MIC of < 16 μg/ml (ppm) against E. coli, S. aureus, E. hirae, C. albicans, and A. brasiliensis and 32 μg/ml against P. aeruginosa. The MIC test results also showed antimicrobial activity at least 2 times greater than that of the commercially available disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Findings suggest that SQ3 (C16) holds promise as an effective medical disinfectant, presenting a novel approach to combating microbial infections in healthcare settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Synthesis and broad-spectrum biocidal effect of novel gemini quaternary ammonium compounds.
- Author
-
Zivna N, Hympanova M, Dolezal R, Markova A, Pulkrabkova L, Strakova H, Sleha R, Prchal L, Brozkova I, Motkova P, Sefrankova L, Soukup O, and Marek J
- Subjects
- Structure-Activity Relationship, Animals, Molecular Structure, Biofilms drug effects, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents chemical synthesis, Antifungal Agents chemistry, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Antiviral Agents chemical synthesis, Antiviral Agents chemistry, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Fungi drug effects, Bacteria drug effects, Pyridines pharmacology, Pyridines chemistry, Pyridines chemical synthesis, Pyridinium Compounds pharmacology, Pyridinium Compounds chemical synthesis, Pyridinium Compounds chemistry, Mice, Imines, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemical synthesis, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry
- Abstract
Since the discovery of antimicrobial agents, the misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to both antibiotics and common disinfectants like quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). A new class, 'gemini' QACs, which contain two polar heads, has shown promise. Octenidine (OCT), a representative of this group, is effective against resistant microorganisms but has limitations such as low solubility and high cytotoxicity. In this study, we developed 16 novel OCT derivatives. These compounds were subjected to in silico screening to predict their membrane permeation. Testing against nosocomial bacterial strains (G
+ and G- ) and their biofilms revealed that most compounds were highly effective against G+ bacteria, while compounds 7, 8, and 10-12 were effective against G- bacteria. Notably, compounds 6-8 were significantly more effective than OCT and BAC standards across the bacterial panel. Compound 12 stood out due to its low cytotoxicity and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, comparable to OCT. It also demonstrated impressive antifungal activity. Compound 1 was highly selective to fungi and four times more effective than OCT without its cytotoxicity. Several compounds, including 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12, showed strong virucidal activity against murine cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus 1. In conclusion, these gemini QACs, especially compound 12, offer a promising alternative to current disinfectants, addressing emerging resistances with their enhanced antimicrobial, antifungal, and virucidal properties., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Jan Marek reports financial support was provided by Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Fabrication and Application of Tannin Double Quaternary Ammonium Salt/Polyvinyl Alcohol as Efficient Sterilization and Preservation Material for Food Packaging.
- Author
-
Li L, Zha W, Huang X, Gong Y, and Li S
- Subjects
- Sterilization methods, Food Preservation methods, Tensile Strength, Ultraviolet Rays, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Polyvinyl Alcohol chemistry, Food Packaging methods, Tannins chemistry, Tannins pharmacology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Escherichia coli drug effects, Antioxidants pharmacology, Antioxidants chemistry, Antioxidants chemical synthesis, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology
- Abstract
Food packaging films play a vital role in preserving and protecting food. The focus has gradually shifted to safety and sustainability in the preparation of functional food packaging materials. In this study, a bisquaternary ammonium salt of tannic acid (BQTA) was synthesized, and the bioplastics based on BQTA and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were created for packaging applications. The impact of BQTA on antibacterial effect, antioxidant capacity, opacity, ultraviolet (UV) protective activity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and anti-fog of the resultant bioplastics was examined. In vitro antibacterial experiments confirmed that BQTA possesses excellent antimicrobial properties, and only a trace amount addition of BQTA in PVA composite film could inhibit about 100% of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . Compared to BQTA/PVA bioplastics with pure PVA, the experiment findings demonstrate that BQTA/PVA bioplastics show strong antioxidant and UV protection action and the performance of fruit preservation. It also revealed a small improvement in thermal stability and tensile strength. The small water contact angle, even at low BQTA concentrations, gave BQTA/PVA bioplastics good anti-fog performance. Based on the findings, bioplastics of BQTA/PVA have the potential to be used to create packaging, and they can be applied as the second (inner) layer of the primary packaging to protect food freshness and nutrition due to their antioxidant activity and biocompatibility.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Assessment of poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) and lime for surface water treatment (pond, river, and canal water): seasonal variations and correlation analyses.
- Author
-
Jabin S, Kapoor JK, Chadha A, Gupta A, and Jadoun S
- Subjects
- Polyethylenes chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Ponds chemistry, Environmental Monitoring methods, Oxides chemistry, Calcium Compounds chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds analysis, Rivers chemistry, Seasons, Water Purification methods
- Abstract
The present study deals with the assessment of different physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (E.C.), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and dissolved oxygen) in different surface water such as pond, river, and canal water in four different seasons, viz. March, June, September, and December 2023. The research endeavors to assess the impact of a cationic polyelectrolyte, specifically poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), utilized as a coagulation aid in conjunction with lime for water treatment. Employing a conventional jar test apparatus, turbidity removal from diverse water samples is examined. Furthermore, the samples undergo characterization utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The study also conducts correlation analyses on various parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity of raw water, polyelectrolyte dosage, and percentage of turbidity removal across different water sources. Utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, these analyses aim to establish robust relationships among initial turbidity, temperature, percentage of turbidity removal, dosage of coagulant aid, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) in pond water, river water, and canal water. A strong positive correlation could be found between the percentage of turbidity removal and the value of initial turbidity of all surface water. However, a negative correlation could be observed between the polyelectrolyte dosage and raw water's turbidity. By elucidating these correlations, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of PDADMAC and lime in water treatment processes across diverse environmental conditions. This research enhances our comprehension of surface water treatment methodologies and provides valuable insights for optimizing water treatment strategies to address the challenges posed by varying water sources and seasonal fluctuations., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Quaternary Ammonium Salts-Based Materials: A Review on Environmental Toxicity, Anti-Fouling Mechanisms and Applications in Marine and Water Treatment Industries.
- Author
-
Marzullo P, Gruttadauria M, and D'Anna F
- Subjects
- Polymers chemistry, Polymers pharmacology, Ionic Liquids chemistry, Ionic Liquids toxicity, Ionic Liquids pharmacology, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Biofouling prevention & control, Biofilms drug effects, Water Purification methods
- Abstract
The adherence of pathogenic microorganisms to surfaces and their association to form antibiotic-resistant biofilms threatens public health and affects several industrial sectors with significant economic losses. For this reason, the medical, pharmaceutical and materials science communities are exploring more effective anti-fouling approaches. This review focuses on the anti-fouling properties, structure-activity relationships and environmental toxicity of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) and, as a subclass, ionic liquid compounds. Greener alternatives such as QAS-based antimicrobial polymers with biocide release, non-fouling (i.e., PEG, zwitterions), fouling release (i.e., poly(dimethylsiloxanes), fluorocarbon) and contact killing properties are highlighted. We also report on dual-functional polymers and stimuli-responsive materials. Given the economic and environmental impacts of biofilms in submerged surfaces, we emphasize the importance of less explored QAS-based anti-fouling approaches in the marine industry and in developing efficient membranes for water treatment systems.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. [Simultaneous determination of 10 quaternary ammonium salt bactericides in oral care products by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection].
- Author
-
Tang J, Ding YC, Fei XQ, Wu B, Qian ZJ, Chen SD, and Li B
- Subjects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Anti-Bacterial Agents analysis, Light, Scattering, Radiation, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds analysis
- Abstract
Quaternary ammonium salt bactericides are broad-spectrum bactericides often used in oral care products because of their high antibacterial efficacy, strong penetration, and low toxicity. However, the excessive use of quaternary ammonium salt bactericides may cause contact dermatitis, scalding poisoning, and even death. Existing methods to determine quaternary ammonium salt bactericides are unable to meet current requirements owing to the lack of determination components. Therefore, establishing a simple and accurate method for the simultaneous detection of more quaternary ammonium salt bactericides is necessary. In this study, a method that couples sample pretreatment with high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of quaternary ammonium salt bactericides in oral care products, including dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, N -hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride, trimethylstearylammonium chloride, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, and docosyltrimethylammonium chloride. Some of these bactericides do not absorb ultraviolet light, so a universal evaporative light-scattering detector was used owing to testing cost and stability concerns. The paste samples contained thickening agents, which are highly soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents; these agents can seriously affect the results of sample pretreatment and damage the chromatographic column. Hence, sample dehydration was necessary. In this study, four dehydration methods were compared. Anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na
2 SO4 ) was selected, and the amount of Na2 SO4 was optimized. Based on the solubility of the 10 target compounds and extraction efficiency, three extraction solvents were compared, and ethanol was selected. Ultrasonic extraction was the primary extraction process used in this study. The effects of different ultrasonication times, temperatures, and powers on the extraction recoveries were also investigated. Ultimately, the optimized conditions were as follows: extraction of the dehydrated paste and powder samples using ethanol at room temperature (25 ℃) for 20 min under 100 W ultrasound power, and dilution of the liquid sample with ethanol. After extraction, the samples were separated on an Acclaim Surfactant column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution (pH=5.5) (A) and acetonitrile (B) as mobile phases. The gradient elution program were as follows: 0-5.0 min, 75%A-35%A, 5.0-15.0 min, 35%A-20%A, 15.0-20.0 min, 20%A, 20.0-21.0 min, 20%A-75%A, 21.0-25.0 min, 75%A. An external standard method was used for quantitative determination. The 10 compounds were analyzed within 25 min. Linear equations, correlation coefficients, and linear ranges were obtained by analyzing a series of mixed standard working solutions. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N =3) and quantification (LOQs, S/N =10) of the 10 components were determined. Stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and docosyltrimethylammonium chloride showed good linear relationships in the range of 10-200 mg/L, while the other compounds demonstrated good linear relationships in the range of 5-100 mg/L. In all cases, correlation coefficients ( R2 ) of no less than 0.9992 were obtained. The LODs and LOQs were in the range of 1.42-3.31 mg/L and 4.25-9.94 mg/L, respectively. Ten analytes were spiked in blank matrices, such as toothpaste (paste), mouthwash (liquid), and dentifrice powder (powder) at three levels, and the recoveries and precisions were calculated. The average recoveries were 87.9%-103.1%, and the corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDs) did not exceed 5.5% ( n =6). The developed method was used to detect 109 oral care products. Benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride and stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride revealed high detection rates. Moreover, the amount of stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride in one toothpaste sample exceeded regulatory requirements. Given its advantages of good precision and accuracy, the developed method is suitable for the quantitative analysis of the 10 aforementioned compounds in typical oral care products. The study findings can serve as a reference for the quality and safety monitoring of oral care products.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Quaternary ammonium salts for water treatment with balanced rate of sterilization and degradation.
- Author
-
Zhou Z, Zhang X, Zeng S, Xu Y, Nie W, Zhou Y, and Chen P
- Subjects
- Humans, Salts pharmacology, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria, Sterilization, Carbon, Esters, Ammonium Compounds, Water Purification
- Abstract
The growing number of infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria which arise from the overuse of antibiotics has severely affected the normal operation of human society. The high antibacterial activity of QAS makes it promising as an alternative to antibiotics, but it suffers from secondary pollution due to its non-degradation. Here we have synthesized a class of gemini quaternary ammonium salts (GQAS) with different carbon chain lengths containing ester groups by using facile methylation reaction. Quaternary ammonium groups contribute to insert negatively charged bacterial membranes, resulting in membrane damage and bacteria death. Compared with conventional single-chain QAS, except for the more efficient antibacterial efficiency attribute to the presence of the second carbon chain, GQAS with alterable antibacterial properties can minimize the possibility of bacterial resistance and reduce the accumulation of GQAS in the environment through the introduction of degradable ester groups. GQAS is completely superior to the commercial bactericide benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in both antibacterial activity and degrade performance, which can be used as a more environmentally friendly bactericide., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Anti Gram-Positive Bacteria Activity of Synthetic Quaternary Ammonium Lipid and Its Precursor Phosphonium Salt.
- Author
-
Bacchetti F, Schito AM, Milanese M, Castellaro S, and Alfei S
- Subjects
- Humans, Staphylococcus aureus, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Bacteria, Sodium Chloride pharmacology, Sodium Chloride, Dietary pharmacology, Lipids pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Ammonium Compounds pharmacology
- Abstract
Organic ammonium and phosphonium salts exert excellent antimicrobial effects by interacting lethally with bacterial membranes. Particularly, quaternary ammonium lipids have demonstrated efficiency both as gene vectors and antibacterial agents. Here, aiming at finding new antibacterial devices belonging to both classes, we prepared a water-soluble quaternary ammonium lipid ( 6 ) and a phosphonium salt ( 1 ) by designing a synthetic path where 1 would be an intermediate to achieve 6 . All synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Additionally, potentiometric titrations of NH
3 + groups 1 and 6 were performed to further confirm their structure by determining their experimental molecular weight. The antibacterial activities of 1 and 6 were assessed first against a selection of multi-drug-resistant clinical isolates of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, observing remarkable antibacterial activity of both compounds against Gram-positive isolates of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus genus. Further investigations on a wider variety of strains of these species confirmed the remarkable antibacterial effects of 1 and 6 (MICs = 4-16 and 4-64 µg/mL, respectively), while 24 h-time-killing experiments carried out with 1 on different S. aureus isolates evidenced a bacteriostatic behavior. Moreover, both compounds 1 and 6 , at the lower MIC concentration, did not show significant cytotoxic effects when exposed to HepG2 human hepatic cell lines, paving the way for their potential clinical application.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Application of machine learning approaches to predict ammonium nitrogen transport in different soil types and evaluate the contribution of control factors.
- Author
-
Feng B, Ma J, Liu Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhao J, He W, Chen Y, and Weng L
- Subjects
- Soil Pollutants analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Machine Learning, Soil chemistry, Ammonium Compounds analysis, Nitrogen analysis
- Abstract
The loss of nitrogen in soil damages the environment. Clarifying the mechanism of ammonium nitrogen (NH
4 + -N) transport in soil and increasing the fixation of NH4 + -N after N application are effective methods for improving N use efficiency. However, the main factors are not easily identified because of the complicated transport and retardation factors in different soils. This study employed machine learning (ML) to identify the main influencing factors that contribute to the retardation factor (Rf) of NH4 + -N in soil. First, NH4 + -N transport in the soil was investigated using column experiments and a transport model. The Rf (1.29 - 17.42) was calculated and used as a proxy for the efficacy of NH4 + -N transport. Second, the physicochemical parameters of the soil were determined and screened using lasso and ridge regressions as inputs for the ML model. Third, six machine learning models were evaluated: Adaptive Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Regression, Multilayer Perceptron, and Support Vector Regression. The optimal ML model of the XGB model with a low mean absolute error (0.81), mean squared error (0.50), and high test r2 (0.97) was obtained by random sampling and five-fold cross-validation. Finally, SHapely Additive exPlanations, entropy-based feature importance, and permutation characteristic importance were used for global interpretation. The cation exchange capacity (CEC), total organic carbon (TOC), and Kaolin had the greatest effects on NH4 + -N transport in the soil. The accumulated local effect offered a fundamental insight: When CEC > 6 cmol+ kg-1 , and TOC > 40 g kg-1 , the maximum resistance to NH4 + -N transport within the soil was observed. This study provides a novel approach for predicting the impact of the soil environment on NH4 + -N transport and guiding the establishment of an early-warning system of nutrient loss., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Potassium and ammonium recovery in treated urine by zeolite based mixed matrix membranes.
- Author
-
Zhang T, Zhang W, and Sun P
- Subjects
- Urine chemistry, Phosphorus chemistry, Sodium urine, Sodium chemistry, Zeolites chemistry, Potassium urine, Potassium chemistry, Ammonium Compounds chemistry
- Abstract
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are essential for crop growth, which are abundant in urine. Although numerous studies have developed techniques to recover ammonium and phosphorus from urine, limited research made efforts on the recovery of potassium, which is a non-renewable resource with uneven global distribution. In this study, we explored the possibility of zeolite based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) to selectively recover ammonium and potassium from urine, with minimal detention of sodium. The findings demonstrated that upon the pre-treatment of zeolites with sodium chloride solution, a 70 wt% zeolite loaded MMM could achieve 69.3 % recovery of potassium and almost full recovery of ammonium. By varying the desorption temperatures and MMMs production process, it was discovered that stepwise backwash at low temperature (276 K) greatly lowered sodium recovery whilst simultaneously enhancing the recovery of potassium and ammonium. This study demonstrates the potential of recovering potassium and ammonium from urine using zeolite-loaded MMMs, coupled with achieving low-sodium recovery., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The Modification of Dietary Protein with Ammonium Hydroxide Enhancement Improves Longevity and Metabolic Outcomes in a Sex-Dependent Manner.
- Author
-
Barr B and Gollahon L
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Male, Mice, Sex Factors, Mice, Inbred C3H, Obesity metabolism, Obesity diet therapy, Body Composition drug effects, Longevity drug effects, Dietary Proteins administration & dosage, Dietary Proteins pharmacology, Diet, High-Fat, Ammonium Hydroxide
- Abstract
(1) Background: Dietary protein is a key component of all dietary patterns. It has been demonstrated that there are subtle differences in health implications associated with the source of dietary protein consumed. This study examined dietary protein sources (DPSs) in a long-term study of diet-induced obesity ± ammonium hydroxide enhancement (AHE) and its role in improving long-term health outcomes. (2) Methods: Over 18 months, 272 C3H/HeJ mice (136 male and 136 female) were monitored on high-fat diets with varying DPSs ± AHE. Mice were monitored for weekly change in total mass, as well as 6-month assessments of lean and fat mass. At each assessment, a cohort (~8 mice per diet per sex) was censored for a cross-sectional examination of organ function. (3) Results: Longevity was improved in females fed AHE diets, regardless of DPSs. Females' measures of fat and lean mass were markedly elevated with casein protein diets compared to beef protein diets regardless of AHE. Females fed a beef protein diet + AHE demonstrated reduced fat mass and increased lean mass with aging. In males, AHE beef protein diet-fed mice showed marked improvement to longevity and increased lean mass at 6 months. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates that dietary protein modification by AHE attenuates the negative impacts of HF diets in both males and females in a sex-dependent manner. Furthermore, the results from this study emphasize the importance of identifying the differences in the utilization of dietary proteins in both a sex- and age-related manner and demonstrate the potential of DPS modification by AHE as a dietary intervention.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Protocol for aqueous synthesis of bioactive quaternary ammonium betaine derivatives under blue LED.
- Author
-
Rath S and Sen S
- Subjects
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Water, Betaine pharmacology, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds exhibit diverse applications as antibiotics, as surfactants, in paper industries, in sewage treatment, and in aquaculture. Here, we present a protocol for synthesizing a library of bioactive quaternary ammonium betaine derivatives under blue LED in water. We describe steps for preparing diazo compounds, synthesizing glycine betaine derivatives, and isolating pure final compounds via precipitation from an aqueous reaction mixture. This protocol promotes a sustainable approach by using water as the reaction medium and room temperature reactions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Rath et al. (2023).
1 ., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Transcriptomic analysis reveals insights into the responses of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to acidification during cultivation with ammonium salts as a nitrogen source.
- Author
-
Kobayashi K, Yoneda K, Maeda Y, and Suzuki I
- Subjects
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Photosynthesis drug effects, Transcriptome, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Culture Media chemistry, Synechocystis genetics, Synechocystis metabolism, Synechocystis growth & development, Synechocystis drug effects, Nitrogen metabolism, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial drug effects, Gene Expression Profiling
- Abstract
Utilizing ammonium in wastewater is a prospective way to reduce costs for bioproduction by photosynthetic organisms. A model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 takes advantage of tolerance to ammonium compared to other microalgae. However, in this study, we report that Synechocystis growth was inhibited when cultured in a medium containing ammonium. This may be due to the pH decreasing below 6 caused by consuming ammonium. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq revealed that the expression of the genes for proteases, chaperones, and antioxidant-scavenging enzymes was induced, but photosynthetic components were repressed. Although these regulations are similar to the previous studies on acidic stress in nitrate-containing culture, the expression of genes such as sigD, slr0042, slr0373, slr0374, and slr1501 was different, indicating that these phenomena are not simply identical to the known responses to acidic stress. The expression of the genes for photosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, and nitrogen assimilation was repressed, and glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were induced. Despite the up-regulation of the carbon catabolism and down-regulation of nitrogen assimilation, the 2-oxoglutarate content in the ammonium-grown cells was lower than that in the nitrate-grown cells, and the contents of the major amino acids, such as Glu, Ala, Asp, and Gly were decreased, while the minor amino acids were the same or increased, especially Arg, Lys, Val, and Ile. These results demonstrated that the acidic stress induced by the consumption of ammonium ions differs from the sudden pH drop, and the Synechocystis cell manages amino acid levels to endure carbon limitation under the stress., (Copyright © 2024 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Nutrient concentrations of the Devereux Slough, 2018–2022 (nitrogen, phosphorus and ammonium) data description
- Author
-
Rickard, Alison
- Subjects
Nutrients ,Ammonium ,Phosphate ,Nitrate ,ISCO ,Water Quality - Abstract
This document describes the content, purpose, methods and uses of the nutrient concentration data set for the UC Santa Barbara North Campus Open Space (NCOS) Restoration Project. Nutrient concentrations have been taken as one way to assess the value of the newly established wetland and understand the impact that storms have on the system.
- Published
- 2024
17. Detecting Trace Amounts of Peroxides and Ammonium Nitrate in Fingerprints by Ion Mobility Spectrometry
- Author
-
Buryakov, T. I. and Buryakov, I. A.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Microbial ammonium immobilization promoted soil nitrogen retention under high moisture conditions in intensively managed fluvo-aquic soils
- Author
-
Wang, Hui, Yan, Zhifeng, Chen, Zengming, Song, Xiaotong, Zhang, Jinbo, Li, Si-Liang, Müller, Christoph, Ju, Xiaotang, and Zhu-Barker, Xia
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Anti-adhesive, anti-biofilm and fungicidal action of newly synthesized gemini quaternary ammonium salts.
- Author
-
Mazurkiewicz E, Lamch Ł, Wilk KA, and Obłąk E
- Subjects
- Animals, Sheep, Surface-Active Agents pharmacology, Surface-Active Agents chemical synthesis, Surface-Active Agents chemistry, Hemolysis drug effects, Erythrocytes drug effects, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Cell Adhesion drug effects, Stainless Steel chemistry, Biofilms drug effects, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemical synthesis, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents chemical synthesis, Antifungal Agents chemistry, Candida albicans drug effects
- Abstract
Newly synthesized gemini quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) with different counterions (bromide, hydrogen chloride, methylcarbonate, acetate, lactate), chain lengths (C12, C14, C16) and methylene linker (3xCH
2 ) were tested. Dihydrochlorides and dibromides with 12 carbon atoms in hydrophobic chains were characterized by the highest biological activity against planktonic forms of yeast and yeast-like fungi. The tested gemini surfactants also inhibited the production of filaments by C. albicans. Moreover, they reduced the adhesion of C. albicans cells to the surfaces of stainless steel, silicone and glass, and slightly to polystyrene. In particular, the gemini compounds with 16-carbon alkyl chains were most effective against biofilms. It was also found that the tested surfactants were not cytotoxic to yeast cells. Moreover, dimethylcarbonate (2xC12 MeCO3 G3 ) did not cause hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. Dihydrochlorides, dilactate and diacetate showed no mutagenic potential., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Enhanced Superconducting Qubit Performance Through Ammonium Fluoride Etch
- Author
-
Kopas, Cameron J., Goronzy, Dominic P., Pham, Thang, Castanedo, Carlos G. Torres, Cheng, Matthew, Cochrane, Rory, Nast, Patrick, Lachman, Ella, Zhelev, Nikolay Z., Vallieres, Andre, Murthy, Akshay A., Oh, Jin-su, Zhou, Lin, Kramer, Matthew J., Cansizoglu, Hilal, Bedzyk, Michael J., Dravid, Vinayak P., Romanenko, Alexander, Grassellino, Anna, Mutus, Josh Y., Hersam, Mark C., and Yadavalli, Kameshwar
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
The performance of superconducting qubits is often limited by dissipation and two-level systems (TLS) losses. The dominant sources of these losses are believed to originate from amorphous materials and defects at interfaces and surfaces, likely as a result of fabrication processes or ambient exposure. Here, we explore a novel wet chemical surface treatment at the Josephson junction-substrate and the substrate-air interfaces by replacing a buffered oxide etch (BOE) cleaning process with one that uses hydrofluoric acid followed by aqueous ammonium fluoride. We show that the ammonium fluoride etch process results in a statistically significant improvement in median $\text{T}_1$ by $\sim22\%$ ($p=0.002$), and a reduction in the number of strongly-coupled TLS in the tunable frequency range. Microwave resonator measurements on samples treated with the ammonium fluoride etch prior to niobium deposition also show $\sim33\%$ lower TLS-induced loss tangent compared to the BOE treated samples. As the chemical treatment primarily modifies the Josephson junction-substrate interface and substrate-air interface, we perform targeted chemical and structural characterizations to examine materials' differences at these interfaces and identify multiple microscopic changes that could contribute to decreased TLS.
- Published
- 2024
21. Study on the flame retardancy of reactive PU modified in situ using ammonium polyphosphate
- Author
-
Huang, Zhichao, Wang, Lin, Wu, Hongfu, Zhang, Junfeng, Wang, Zhuo, Sun, Fu, Duan, Huimin, and Qi, Dongming
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Quaternary ammonium grafted chitosan hydrogel with enhanced antibacterial performance as tannin acid and deferoxamine carrier to promote diabetic wound healing.
- Author
-
Sun W, Zuo X, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Guo S, Li W, Run M, and Qin J
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Male, Drug Carriers chemistry, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Humans, Escherichia coli drug effects, Chitosan chemistry, Chitosan pharmacology, Wound Healing drug effects, Tannins chemistry, Tannins pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Hydrogels chemistry, Hydrogels pharmacology, Deferoxamine pharmacology, Deferoxamine chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental drug therapy
- Abstract
The delay of diabetic wound healing puts a huge burden on the society. The key factors hindering wound healing include bacterial infection, unresolved inflammation and poorly generated blood vessels. In this paper, glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTA) was grafted to chitosan (CS) to obtain quaternary ammonium grafted chitosan (QCS) with enhanced antibacterial performance, and then cross-linked by dialdehyde terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO DA) to construct QCS/PEO DA hydrogel with tissue adhesion, biodegradation and self-healing properties. The QCS/PEO DA hydrogel is loaded with tannin acid (TA) and deferoxamine (DFO) to enhance antioxidant property and angiogenesis. At the same time, the TA and DFO loaded TA@DFO/hydrogel preserved the biocompatibility and biodegradability of chitosan. Moreover, the multifunctional hydrogel behaved excellent hemostatic properties in mice model and significantly promoted the healing efficacy of diabetic wounds. Overall, the TA@DFO/hydrogel is promising anti-infection dressing material for diabetic wound healing., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Antimicrobial Polymer Surfaces Containing Quaternary Ammonium Centers (QACs): Synthesis and Mechanism of Action.
- Author
-
Santoro O and Izzo L
- Subjects
- Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents chemical synthesis, Bacteria drug effects, Surface Properties, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Polymers chemistry, Polymers pharmacology
- Abstract
Synthetic polymer surfaces provide an excellent opportunity for developing materials with inherent antimicrobial and/or biocidal activity, therefore representing an answer to the increasing demand for antimicrobial active medical devices. So far, biologists and material scientists have identified a few features of bacterial cells that can be strategically exploited to make polymers inherently antimicrobial. One of these is represented by the introduction of cationic charges that act by killing or deactivating bacteria by interaction with the negatively charged parts of their cell envelope (lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, and membrane lipids). Among the possible cationic functionalities, the antimicrobial activity of polymers with quaternary ammonium centers (QACs) has been widely used for both soluble macromolecules and non-soluble materials. Unfortunately, most information is still unknown on the biological mechanism of action of QACs, a fundamental requirement for designing polymers with higher antimicrobial efficiency and possibly very low toxicity. This mini-review focuses on surfaces based on synthetic polymers with inherently antimicrobial activity due to QACs. It will discuss their synthesis, their antimicrobial activity, and studies carried out so far on their mechanism of action.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Synergistic antibacterial effect and mechanism between Cu 2 O nanoparticles and quaternary ammonium salt in moisture-curable acrylic coatings.
- Author
-
Xiao H and Zhou S
- Subjects
- Particle Size, Nanoparticles chemistry, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Acrylic Resins chemistry, Acrylic Resins pharmacology, Coated Materials, Biocompatible chemistry, Coated Materials, Biocompatible pharmacology, Copper chemistry, Copper pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Escherichia coli drug effects, Surface Properties
- Abstract
Combining with various antibacterial mechanisms is the preferred strategy to fabricate coatings with effective antibacterial performance. Herein, Cu
2 O nanoparticles and dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride, a kind of quaternary ammonium salt (QAS), were simultaneously incorporated into a moisture-curable acrylic resin in order to achieve both contact-killing and release-killing abilities for antibacterial coatings. The surface morphology, surface composition and basic properties of the coatings were thoroughly characterized. The antibacterial performance of the coatings was determined by in-vitro bacteriostatic test. Under the constant total mass fraction of antibacterial agents, both Cu2 O and QAS content possessed the highest value on the coating surface at Cu2 O/QAS mass ratio of 1:1, and correspondingly, the coatings reached sterilizing rate above 99 % against both E. coli and S. loihica, indicating the existence of synergistic effect between Cu2 O and QAS. The synergistic antibacterial mechanism of the coatings involved two aspects. Firstly, the combination of contact-killing and release-killing biocides resulted in high bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against different bacteria. Further, the grafting of QAS molecules on the surface of Cu2 O particles brought about the spontaneous migration of nanoparticles to the coating surface. The interaction between Cu2 O and QAS also inhibited the phase separation of QAS and prolonged the release of Cu2+ at the same time. The coatings, therefore, exhibited stable antibacterial performance at varied service conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Chloride Gradient Is Involved in Ammonium Influx in Human Erythrocytes.
- Author
-
Sudnitsyna J, Ruzhnikova TO, Panteleev MA, Kharazova A, Gambaryan S, and Mindukshev IV
- Subjects
- Humans, Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte metabolism, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Biological Transport, Blood Proteins, Membrane Glycoproteins, Erythrocytes metabolism, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Chlorides metabolism
- Abstract
The ammonia/ammonium (NH
3 /NH4 , AM) concentration in human erythrocytes (RBCs) is significantly higher than in plasma. Two main possible mechanisms for AM transport, including simple and facilitated diffusion, are described; however, the driving force for AM transport is not yet fully characterized. Since the erythroid ammonium channel RhAG forms a structural unit with anion exchanger 1 (eAE1) within the ankyrin core complex, we hypothesized the involvement of eAE1 in AM transport. To evaluate the functional interaction between eAE1 and RhAG, we used a unique feature of RBCs to swell and lyse in isotonic NH+ , AM) concentration in human erythrocytes (RBCs) is significantly higher than in plasma. Two main possible mechanisms for AM transport, including simple and facilitated diffusion, are described; however, the driving force for AM transport is not yet fully characterized. Since the erythroid ammonium channel RhAG forms a structural unit with anion exchanger 1 (eAE1) within the ankyrin core complex, we hypothesized the involvement of eAE1 in AM transport. To evaluate the functional interaction between eAE1 and RhAG, we used a unique feature of RBCs to swell and lyse in isotonic NH4 + buffer. The kinetics of cell swelling and lysis were analyzed by flow cytometry and an original laser diffraction method, adapted for accurate volume sensing. The eAE1 role was revealed according to (i) the changes in cell swelling and lysis kinetics, and (ii) changes in intracellular pH, triggered by eAE1 inhibition or the modulation of eAE1 main ligand concentrations (Cl- and HCO3 - ). Additionally, the AM import kinetics was analyzed enzymatically and colorimetrically. In NH4 + buffer, RBCs concentration-dependently swelled and lysed when [NH4 + ] exceeded 100 mM. Cell swelling and hemolysis were tightly regulated by chloride concentration. The complete substitution of chloride with glutamate prevented NH4 + -induced cell swelling and hemolysis, and the restoration of [Cl- ] dose-dependently amplified the rates of RBC swelling and lysis and the percentage of hemolyzed cells. Similarly, eAE1 inhibition impeded cell swelling and completely prevented hemolysis. Accordingly, eAE1 inhibition, or a lack of chloride anions in the buffer, significantly decreased NH4 + import. Our data indicate that the eAE1-mediated chloride gradient is required for AM transport. Taken together, our data reveal a new player in AM transport in RBCs.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Quaternary ammonium biocides promote conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance gene in structure- and species-dependent manner.
- Author
-
Hu Q, Zhang L, Yang R, Tang J, and Dong G
- Subjects
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Disinfectants pharmacology, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Escherichia coli drug effects, Escherichia coli genetics, Conjugation, Genetic
- Abstract
The linkage between biocides and antibiotic resistance has been widely suggested in laboratories and various environments. However, the action mechanism of biocides on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) spread is still unclear. Thus, 6 quaternary ammonium biocides (QACs) with different bonded substituents or alkyl chain lengths were selected to assess their effects on the conjugation transfer of ARGs in this study. Two conjugation models with the same donor (E. coli DH5α (RP4)) into two receptors, E. coli MG1655 and pathogenic S. sonnei SE6-1, were constructed. All QACs were found to significantly promote intra- and inter-genus conjugative transfer of ARGs, and the frequency was highly impacted by their structure and receptors. At the same environmental exposure level (4 × 10
-1 mg/L), didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC (C10)) promoted the most frequency of conjugative transfer, while benzathine chloride (BEC) promoted the least. With the same donor, the enhanced frequency of QACs of intra-transfer is higher than inter-transfer. Then, the acquisition mechanisms of two receptors were further determined using biochemical combined with transcriptome analysis. For the recipient E. coli, the promotion of the intragenus conjugative transfer may be associated with increased cell membrane permeability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and proton motive force (PMF)-induced enhancement of flagellar motility. Whereas, the increase of cell membrane permeability and decreased flagellar motility due to PMF disruption but encouraged biofilm formation, maybe the main reasons for promoting intergenus conjugative transfer in the recipient S. sonnei. As one pathogenic bacterium, S. sonnei was first found to acquire ARGs by biocide exposure., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. How sensor Amt-like proteins integrate ammonium signals.
- Author
-
Pflüger T, Gschell M, Zhang L, Shnitsar V, Zabadné AJ, Zierep P, Günther S, Einsle O, and Andrade SLA
- Subjects
- Signal Transduction, Models, Molecular, Binding Sites, Crystallography, X-Ray, Protein Domains, Protein Binding, Amino Acid Sequence, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Cation Transport Proteins metabolism, Cation Transport Proteins chemistry, Cation Transport Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Unlike aquaporins or potassium channels, ammonium transporters (Amts) uniquely discriminate ammonium from potassium and water. This feature has certainly contributed to their repurposing as ammonium receptors during evolution. Here, we describe the ammonium receptor Sd-Amt1, where an Amt module connects to a cytoplasmic diguanylate cyclase transducer module via an HAMP domain. Structures of the protein with and without bound ammonium were determined to 1.7- and 1.9-Ångstrom resolution, depicting the ON and OFF states of the receptor and confirming the presence of a binding site for two ammonium cations that is pivotal for signal perception and receptor activation. The transducer domain was disordered in the crystals, and an AlphaFold2 prediction suggests that the helices linking both domains are flexible. While the sensor domain retains the trimeric fold formed by all Amt family members, the HAMP domains interact as pairs and serve to dimerize the transducer domain upon activation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Effect of calcium and phosphorus on ammonium and nitrate nitrogen adsorption onto iron (hydr)oxides surfaces: CD-MUSIC model and DFT computation.
- Author
-
Jia M, Ma J, Zhou Q, Liu L, Jie X, Liu H, Qin S, Li C, Sui F, Fu H, Xie H, Wang L, and Zhao P
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Ferric Compounds chemistry, Models, Chemical, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Calcium chemistry, Nitrogen chemistry, Phosphorus chemistry, Nitrates chemistry, Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Density Functional Theory
- Abstract
Calcium (Ca
2+ ) and phosphorous (PO4 ) significantly influence the form and effectiveness of nitrogen (N), however, the precise mechanisms governing the adsorption of ammonium nitrogen (NH3- ) significantly influence the form and effectiveness of nitrogen (N), however, the precise mechanisms governing the adsorption of ammonium nitrogen (NH4 + -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3 - -N) are still lacking. This study employed batch adsorption experiments, charge distribution and multi-site complexation (CD-MUSIC) models and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the mechanism by which Ca2+ and PO4 3- affect the adsorption of NH4 + -N and NO3 - -N on the goethite (GT) surface. The results showed that the adsorption of NH4 + -N on the GT exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease as pH increased, peaking at a pH of 8.5. Conversely, the adsorption of NO3 - -N decreased with rising pH. According to the CD-MUSIC model, Ca2+ minimally affected the NH4 + -N adsorption on the GT but enhanced NO3 - -N adsorption via electrostatic interaction, promoting the adsorption of ≡FeOH-NO3 - and ≡Fe3 O-NO3 - species. Similarly, PO4 3- inhibited the adsorption of ≡FeOH-NO3 - and ≡Fe3 O-NO3 - species. However, PO4 3- boosted NH4 + -N adsorption by facilitating the formation of ≡Fe3 O-NH4 + via electrostatic interaction and site competition. DFT calculations indicates that although bidentate phosphate (BP) was beneficial to stabilize NH4 + -N than monodentate phosphate (SP), SP-NH4 + was the main adsorption configuration at pH 5.5-9.5 owing the prevalence of SP on the GT surface under site competition of NH4 + -N. The results of CD-MUSIC model and DFT calculation were verified mutually, and provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying N fixation and migration in soil., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Ammonium addition reduces phosphorus leaching in a long-term mineral or organic fertilized calcareous soil during flooding conditions.
- Author
-
Wei L, Zhou Y, Yin G, Cui J, Yin J, Liu R, Chen Q, and Zhang S
- Subjects
- Minerals chemistry, Agriculture, Phosphorus chemistry, Soil chemistry, Fertilizers analysis, Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Floods
- Abstract
Organic amendment substitutes mineral fertilizers has been proven to increase the organic matter content of soils, which in turn may induce phosphorus (P) mobilization by triggering the redox reaction. However, under flooded conditions according to local agricultural practices, as one of the factors restricting the decomposition of organic matter, the role ammonium plays in P transformation and leaching from soils with different organic matter remains unclear. To address the knowledge gap, the calcareous soils were collected from a long-term field trial (>13 years) containing two treatments with equal P inputs: a long-term mineral fertilization and a long-term organic amendment. Both long-term mineral fertilized soil and long-term organic amended soil were split into ammonium applications or no ammonium applications. A series of column devices were deployed to create flooded conditions and monitor the P leaching from the collected soils. The K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure and sequential extraction method were employed jointly to detect soil P fractions and speciation, and the P sorption/desorption characteristics of soil were evaluated by Langmuir fitting. The results showed a reduction of cumulative leached P from soils by 33.2%-43.3% after ammonium addition, regardless of previous long-term mineral fertilization or organic amendment history. A significant enhancement of soil labile P pool (indicated by the H
2 O-P fraction and NaHCO3 -P fraction) after ammonium addition results in the reduction in soil P leaching. The reduced P sorption capacity coupled with the transformation from hydroxyapatite to β-tricalcium phosphate indicated that the phosphate retention is attributed to the precipitation formation rather than phosphate sorption by soil. The present study highlights that the ammonium addition could affect the phosphate precipitation transformation. This may be attributed to the effect of ammonium addition on the calcium and magnesium ion content and molar ratio in this soil, thereby regulating the form of soil phosphate precipitation. The mechanisms revealed in this study can support developing optimized agricultural management practices to alleviate soil P loss., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Microbiome Taxonomic and Functional Differences in C3H/HeJ Mice Fed a Long-Term High-Fat Diet with Beef Protein ± Ammonium Hydroxide Supplementation.
- Author
-
Garrison EC, Brown AMV, Salazar MM, Barr B, Moustaid-Moussa N, and Gollahon LS
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Male, Mice, Feces microbiology, Red Meat microbiology, Dietary Proteins administration & dosage, Bacteria classification, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria genetics, Cattle, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Dietary Supplements, Ammonium Hydroxide
- Abstract
Studies have suggested that alkalinized foods may reduce the effects of the acidogenic Western diet in promoting obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and coronary heart disease. Indeed, a recent study in mice fed a high-fat diet containing dietary beef supplemented with ammonium hydroxide showed improvement in a suite of metabolic outcomes. However, the effects of dietary protein ammonium supplementation on the microbiome remain unknown. In this study, the effects of ammonium supplementation on beef protein towards microbiome taxa and function in a high-fat diet were analyzed. Fecal microbiomes were characterized using a shotgun metagenomic approach for 16-month-old male and female mice after long-term diet treatments. The results for ammoniated diets showed that several bacteria known to be associated with health benefits increased significantly, including Romboutsia , Oscillospiraceae , and Lactococcus cremoris . The beneficial mucin-degrader Akkermansia was especially abundant, with a high prevalence (~86%) in females. Concurrently, the phyla Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria) and Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) were significantly reduced. While sex was a confounding factor affecting microbiome responses to ammonium supplementation in dietary protein, it is worth noting that several putatively beneficial microbiome functions increased with ammonium supplementation, such as glycine betaine transport, xenobiotic detoxification, enhanced defense, and others. Conversely, many disease-associated microbiome functions reduced. Importantly, modifying protein pH alone via ammonium supplementation induced beneficial microbiota changes. Taken together, these results suggest that ammonium-supplemented proteins may mediate some negative microbiome-associated effects of high-fat/Western diets.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Quaternary Ammonium and Immunization in Hairdressers (AQTIFF)
- Published
- 2024
32. GmAMT2.1/2.2-dependent ammonium nitrogen and metabolites shape rhizosphere microbiome assembly to mitigate cadmium toxicity.
- Author
-
Cai Z, Yu T, Tan W, Zhou Q, Liu L, Nian H, and Lian T
- Subjects
- Bacteria genetics, Bacteria metabolism, Bacteria classification, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria isolation & purification, Cation Transport Proteins genetics, Cation Transport Proteins metabolism, Fungi genetics, Fungi metabolism, Fungi drug effects, Plant Roots microbiology, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Cadmium metabolism, Cadmium toxicity, Rhizosphere, Glycine max microbiology, Soil Microbiology, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Microbiota drug effects
- Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, is negatively associated with plant growth. AMT (ammonium transporter) genes can confer Cd resistance and enhance nitrogen (N) uptake in soybeans. The potential of AMT genes to alleviate Cd toxicity by modulating rhizosphere microbiota remains unkonwn. Here, the rhizosphere microbial taxonomic and metabolic differences in three genotypes, i.e., double knockout and overexpression lines and wild type, were identified. The results showed that GmAMT2.1/2.2 genes could induce soybean to recruit beneficial microorganisms, such as Tumebacillus, Alicyclobacillus, and Penicillium, by altering metabolites. The bacterial, fungal, and cross-kingdom synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) formed by these microorganisms can help soybean resist Cd toxicity. The mechanisms by which SynComs help soybeans resist Cd stress include reducing Cd content, increasing ammonium (NH
4 + -N) uptake and regulating specific functional genes in soybeans. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for the developing microbial formulations that enhance Cd resistance in sustainable agriculture., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Formation of NifA-P II complex represses ammonium-sensitive nitrogen fixation in diazotrophic proteobacteria lacking NifL.
- Author
-
Zeng Y, Guo L, Gao Y, Cui L, Wang M, Huang L, Jiang M, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Xiang H, Li DF, and Zheng Y
- Subjects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Nitrogenase metabolism, Rhodopseudomonas metabolism, Rhodopseudomonas genetics, Nitrogen Fixation, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins metabolism, PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism, Transcription Factors genetics
- Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation catalyzed by nitrogenase contributes greatly to the global nitrogen cycle. Nitrogenase expression is subject to regulation in response to nitrogen availability. However, the mechanism through which the transcriptional activator NifA regulates nitrogenase expression by interacting with P
II nitrogen regulatory proteins remains unclear in diazotrophic proteobacteria lacking NifL. Here, we demonstrate that in Rhodopseudomonas palustris grown with ammonium, NifA bound deuridylylated PII proteins to form an inactive NifA-PII complex, thereby inhibiting the expression of nitrogenase. Upon nitrogen limitation, the dissociation of uridylylated PII proteins from NifA resulted in the full restoration of NifA activity, and, simultaneously, uridylylation of the significantly up-regulated PII protein GlnK2 led to the increased expression of NifA in R. palustris. This insight into how NifA interacts with PII proteins and controls nitrogenase expression sets the stage for creating highly efficient diazotrophs, reducing the need for energy-intensive chemical fertilizers and helping to diminish carbon emissions., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Screening for frequently detected quaternary ammonium mixture systems in waters based on frequent itemset mining and prediction of their toxicity.
- Author
-
Tao MT, Sun X, Ding TT, Xu YQ, and Liu SS
- Subjects
- Environmental Monitoring methods, Toxicity Tests methods, Data Mining, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
Screening and prioritizing research on frequently detected mixture systems in the environment is of great significance, as conducting toxicity testing on all mixtures is impractical. Therefore, the frequent itemset mining (FIM) was introduced and applied in this paper to identify variables that commonly co-occur in a dataset. Based on the dataset of the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in the water environment, the four frequent QAC mixture systems with detection rate ≥ 35 % were found, including [BDMM]
+ Cl- -[BTMM]+ Cl- (M1), [BDMM]+ Cl- -[BHMM]+ Cl- (M2), [BTMM]+ Cl- -[BHMM]+ Cl- (M3), and [BDMM]+ Cl- -[BTMM]+ Cl- -[BHMM]+ Cl- (M4). [BDMM]+ Cl- , [BTMM]+ Cl- , and [BHMM]+ Cl- are benzyl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, benzyl tetradecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and benzyl hexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, respectively. Then, the toxicity of the representative mixture rays and components for the four frequently detected mixture systems was tested using Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 (Q67) as a luminescent indicator organism at 0.25 and 12 h. The toxicity of the mixtures was predicted using concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models. It was shown that both the components and the representative mixture rays for the four frequently detected mixture systems exhibited obvious acute and chronic toxicity to Q67, and their median effective concentrations (EC50 ) were below 7 mg/L. Both CA and IA models predicted the toxicity of the four mixture systems well. However, the CA model had a better predictive ability for the toxicity of the M3 and M4 mixtures than IA at 12 h., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Precision control of ammonium release in Azotobacter vinelandii.
- Author
-
Barney BM and Dietz BR
- Subjects
- Metabolic Engineering, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Hydroxybutyrates metabolism, Polyhydroxybutyrates, Azotobacter vinelandii genetics, Azotobacter vinelandii metabolism, Nitrogen Fixation genetics, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Abstract
The capture and reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen gas to ammonium can be accomplished through the enzyme nitrogenase in a process known as biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), by a class of microbes known as diazotrophs. The diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii is a model organism for the study of aerobic nitrogen fixation, and in recent years has been promoted as a potential producer of biofertilizers. Prior reports have demonstrated the potential to partially deregulate BNF in A. vinelandii, resulting in accumulation and extracellular release of ammonium. In many cases, deregulation requires the introduction of transgenic genes or elements to yield the desired phenotype, and the long-term stability of these strains has been reported to be somewhat problematic. In this work, we constructed two strains of A. vinelandii where regulation can be precisely controlled without the addition of any foreign genes or genetic markers. Regulation is maintained through native promoters found in A. vinelandii that can be induced through the addition of extraneous galactose. These strains result in varied degrees of regulation of BNF, and as a result, the release of extracellular ammonium is controlled in a precise, and galactose concentration-dependent manner. In addition, these strains yield high biomass levels, similar to the wild-type A. vinelandii strain and are further able to produce high percentages of the bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate., (© 2024 The Author(s). Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Salinity-mediated enhancement of quaternary ammonium compounds resistance and removal in endophytic bacteria LSE01.
- Author
-
Xiao X, Li J, Wang X, Ding L, Shen S, Liu T, Ren Z, and Luo X
- Subjects
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Bacteria drug effects, Biodegradation, Environmental, Endophytes, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Salinity
- Abstract
The widespread usage of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic poses significant environmental risks, such as toxicity to organisms and the emergence of superbugs. In this study, different inorganic salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl
2 , MgCl2 ) were used to induce endophytes LSE01 isolated from hyperaccumulating plants. After five generations of cultivation under 80 g/L NaCl, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LSE01 to QACs increased by about 3-fold, while its degradation extent increased from 8% to 84% for C12 BDMA-Cl and 5%-89% for C14 BDMA-Cl. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra indicated that the cells induced by high concentration of salt caused plasmolysis and secreted more bound extracellular polymeric substances (B-EPS); these changes are likely to be an important reason for the observed increased resistance and enhanced degradation extent of LSE01 to QACs. Our findings suggest that salt-induction could be an effective way to enhance the resistance and removal of toxic organic pollutants by functional microorganisms., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Microalgae cultivation trials in a membrane bioreactor operated in heterotrophic, mixotrophic, and phototrophic modes using ammonium-rich wastewater: The study of fouling.
- Author
-
Shamskilani M, Masojídek J, Abbasiniasar M, Ganji A, Shayegane J, and Babaei A
- Subjects
- Heterotrophic Processes, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Biofouling, Chlorella growth & development, Chlorella metabolism, Phototrophic Processes, Bioreactors, Microalgae metabolism, Microalgae growth & development, Membranes, Artificial, Wastewater chemistry, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
In this work, microalgae cultivation trials were carried out in a membrane bioreactor to investigate fouling when the cultures of Chlorellavulgaris were grown under mixotrophic, heterotrophic, and phototrophic cultivation regimes. The Chlorella cultures were cultivated in wastewater as a source of nutrients that contained a high concentration of ammonium. In mixotrophic cultivation trials, the results showed that the elevated contents of carbohydrates in the soluble microbial product and proteins in extracellular polymeric substances probably initiated membrane fouling. In this case, the highest protein content was also found in extracellular polymeric substances due to the high nitrogen removal rate. Consequently, transmembrane pressure significantly increased compared to the phototrophic and heterotrophic regimes. The data indicated that cake resistance was the main cause of fouling in all cultivations. Higher protein content in the cake layer made the membrane surface more hydrophobic, while carbohydrates had the opposite effect. Compared to a mixotrophic culture, a phototrophic culture had a larger cell size and higher hydrophobicity, leading to less membrane fouling. Based on our previous data, the highest ammonia removal rate was reached in the mixotrophic cultures; nevertheless, membrane fouling appeared to be the fundamental problem., Competing Interests: The authors declare there is no conflict., (© 2024 The Authors This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying, adaptation and redistribution, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Removal of PAHs, TSS, oils and fats from ammonium-rich coke wastewater by granular filtration.
- Author
-
Jesús RI, Laura M, Yolanda FN, and Beatriz SP
- Subjects
- Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Fats chemistry, Fats analysis, Oils chemistry, Wastewater chemistry, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons analysis, Filtration, Coke, Ammonium Compounds analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Coke wastewater is a complex industrial wastewater due to its high content of toxic compounds such as cyanides, thiocyanates, phenols, tar, oils, and fats. After a series of treatments, wastewater with a high ammonium content is obtained (around 4,150 mg·L-1). A stripping process is used to reduce it. Certain pollutants in the influent, such as tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oils, fats and total suspended solids (TSS), interfere with stripping and therefore must be previously removed. In this study, the performance of a pilot-scale airlift sand filter was evaluated under real conditions for the reduction of the concentration of tar, PAHs, oils, fats and TSS, before stripping. Prior to the sand filter, a cationic flocculant was added to the influent (2 ppm). High (10 mm.min-1), medium (7.5 mm.min-1) and low sand speeds (1.9-2.6 mm.min-1) were assessed. The latter conditions gave the best results: a decrease of 98.2% in TSS, 99.7% in oils, fats and grease and 97.6% in PAHs. The final effluent (≤ 1.6 mg PAHs·L-1, ≤ 5 mg TSS·L-1 and ≤ 0.05 mg·L-1 of fats, oils and grease) was suitable for the stripping process., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Expression of Concern: Biocompatible cellulose acetate supported ammonium based ionic liquid membranes; way forward to remediate water pollution.
- Subjects
- Water Pollution prevention & control, Membranes, Artificial, Water Purification methods, Environmental Restoration and Remediation methods, Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Cellulose chemistry, Cellulose analogs & derivatives, Ionic Liquids chemistry, Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. An impedimetric approach for determination of ammonium using silver/poly-1-aminoanthraquinone/carbon paste electrode
- Author
-
Altahan, Mahmoud Fatehy, Beltagi, Amr Mohamed, Abdel-Azzem, Magdi, and El-Attar, Mona A.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Intensification of Cr(VI) adsorption using activated carbon adsorbent modified with ammonium persulfate
- Author
-
Zahakifar, Fazel, Dashtinejad, Maryam, Sepehrian, Hamid, Samadfam, Mohammad, Fasihi, Javad, and Yadollahi, Ali
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Effects of nitrate- and ammonium- nitrogen on anatomical and physiological responses of Catalpa bungei under full and partial root-zone drought
- Author
-
Xu, Ting, Wang, Zhiyong, Wang, Ziye, Guo, Mengfan, Wang, Xintong, He, Xuelian, Wang, Junhui, Rahman, Siddiq Ur, Bourhia, Mohammed, Alsahli, Abdulaziz Abdullah, and Zhang, Yi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Impact of some amendments on kinetics of leaching dissolved organic carbon and ammonium in calcareous sandy soil under vinasse addition
- Author
-
Amin, Abu El-Eyuoon Abu Zied
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Anion Binding to Ammonium and Guanidinium Hosts: Implications for the Reverse Hofmeister Effects Induced by Lysine and Arginine Residues.
- Author
-
Jordan JH, Gibb CLD, Tran T, Yao W, Rose A, Mague JT, Easson MW, and Gibb BC
- Subjects
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Guanidine chemistry, Anions chemistry, Arginine chemistry, Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Lysine chemistry
- Abstract
Anions have a profound effect on the properties of soluble proteins. Such Hofmeister effects have implications in biologics stability, protein aggregation, amyloidogenesis, and crystallization. However, the interplay between the important noncovalent interactions (NCIs) responsible for Hofmeister effects is poorly understood. To contribute to improving this state of affairs, we report on the NCIs between anions and ammonium and guanidinium hosts 1 and 2 , and the consequences of these. Specifically, we investigate the properties of cavitands designed to mimic two prime residues for anion-protein NCIs─lysines and arginines─and the solubility consequences of complex formation. Thus, we report NMR and ITC affinity studies, X-ray analysis, MD simulations, and anion-induced critical precipitation concentrations. Our findings emphasize the multitude of NCIs that guanidiniums can form and how this repertoire qualitatively surpasses that of ammoniums. Additionally, our studies demonstrate the ease by which anions can dispense with a fraction of their hydration-shell waters, rearrange those that remain, and form direct NCIs with the hosts. This raises many questions concerning how solvent shell plasticity varies as a function of anion, how the energetics of this impact the different NCIs between anions and ammoniums/guanidiniums, and how this affects the aggregation of solutes at high anion concentrations.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Ammonium-derived nitrous oxide is a global source in streams.
- Author
-
Wang S, Lan B, Yu L, Xiao M, Jiang L, Qin Y, Jin Y, Zhou Y, Armanbek G, Ma J, Wang M, Jetten MSM, Tian H, Zhu G, and Zhu YG
- Subjects
- Metagenome, Agriculture, Nitrates metabolism, Denitrification, Nitrification, Metabolic Networks and Pathways genetics, Nitrous Oxide metabolism, Rivers microbiology, Rivers chemistry, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Bacteria metabolism, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria classification, Ecosystem, Ammonia metabolism
- Abstract
Global riverine nitrous oxide (N
2 O) emissions have increased more than 4-fold in the last century. It has been estimated that the hyporheic zones in small streams alone may contribute approximately 85% of these N2 O emissions. However, the mechanisms and pathways controlling hyporheic N2 O production in stream ecosystems remain unknown. Here, we report that ammonia-derived pathways, rather than the nitrate-derived pathways, are the dominant hyporheic N2 O sources (69.6 ± 2.1%) in agricultural streams around the world. The N2 O fluxes are mainly in positive correlation with ammonia. The potential N2 O metabolic pathways of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) provides evidence that nitrifying bacteria contain greater abundances of N2 O production-related genes than denitrifying bacteria. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of mitigating agriculturally derived ammonium in low-order agricultural streams in controlling N2 O emissions. Global models of riverine ecosystems need to better represent ammonia-derived pathways for accurately estimating and predicting riverine N2 O emissions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. One-step hydrothermal synthesis of vanadium dioxide/carbon core–shell composite with improved ammonium ion storage for aqueous ammonium-ion battery.
- Author
-
Tan, Xianfang, Zhang, Fangfang, Chen, Dongzhi, Gong, Jia'ni, Sun, Jianguo, Meng, Changgong, and Zhang, Yifu
- Subjects
- *
AMMONIUM ions , *CARBON composites , *HYDROTHERMAL synthesis , *VANADIUM dioxide , *ELECTRIC batteries , *ION transport (Biology) , *AQUEOUS electrolytes - Abstract
VO 2 @C core–shell structure is designed and prepared to boost the NH 4 + storage of VO 2. VO 2 @C core–shell composite delivers a specific capacity of ∼300 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, superior to the values of VO 2 (∼238 mAh/g). [Display omitted] Aqueous nonmetallic ion batteries have garnered significant interest due to their cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and inherent safety features. Specifically, ammonium ion (NH 4 +) as a charge carrier has garnered more and more attention recently. However, one of the persistent challenges is enhancing the electrochemical properties of vanadium dioxide (VO 2) with a tunnel structure, which serves as a highly efficient NH 4 + (de)intercalation host material. Herein, a novel architecture, wherein carbon-coated VO 2 nanobelts (VO 2 @C) with a core–shell structure are engineered to augment NH 4 + storage capabilities of VO 2. In detail, VO 2 @C is synthesized via the glucose reduction of vanadium pentoxide under hydrothermal conditions. Experimental results manifest that the introduction of the carbon layer on VO 2 nanobelts can enhance mass transfer, ion transport and electrochemical kinetics, thereby culminating in the improved NH 4 + storage efficiency. VO 2 @C core–shell composite exhibits a remarkable specific capacity of ∼300 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, which is superior to that of VO 2 (∼238 mAh/g) and various other electrode materials used for NH 4 + storage. The NH 4 + storage mechanism can be elucidated by the reversible NH 4 + (de)intercalation within the tunnel of VO 2 , facilitated by the dynamic formation and dissociation of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, when integrated into a full battery with polyaniline (PANI) cathode, the VO 2 @C//PANI full battery demonstrates robust electrochemical performances, including a specific capacity of ∼185 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 A·g−1, remarkable durability of 93 % retention after 1500 cycles, as well as high energy density of 58 Wh·kg−1 at 5354 W·kg−1. This work provides a pioneering approach to design and explore composite materials for efficient NH 4 + storage, offering significant implications for future battery technology enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Meteoritic Tutton salt, a naturally inspired reservoir of cometary and asteroidal ammonium
- Author
-
Britvin, Sergey N., Vereshchagin, Oleg S., Vlasenko, Natalia S., Krzhizhanovskaya, Maria G., and Ivanova, Marina A.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Physics - Geophysics - Abstract
The lack of benchmark data on the real minerals, native ammonium carriers in Solar System gives rise to controversial opinions on extraterrestrial ammonium reservoirs. We herein report on discovery of the first mineral carrier of meteoritic ammonium and show its relevance to the compositional and spectral characteristics of cometary and asteroidal bodies. Chemically distant from previously inferred volatile organics or ammoniated phyllosilicates, it is an aqueous metal-ammonium sulfate related to a family of so-called Tutton salts. Nickeloan boussingaultite, (NH4)2(Mg,Ni)(SO4)2 6H2O, occurs in Orgueil, a primitive carbonaceous chondrite closely related to (162173) Ryugu and (101955) Bennu, the C-type asteroids. The available spectroscopic, chemical and mineralogical data signify that natural Tutton salts perfectly fit into the role of ammonium reservoir under conditions of cometary nuclei and carbonaceous asteroids.
- Published
- 2024
48. Green Synthesis of Ammonium Nitrate (NH$_4$NO$_3$) Fertilizer Production: via Plasma Water Ice Interaction with Air and NH$_3$ Plasma
- Author
-
Rathore, Vikas, Desai, Vyom, Jamnapara, Nirav I, and Nema, Sudhir Kumar
- Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
This study presents a novel and ecofriendly method for synthesizing ammonium nitrate using activated prepared through air and ammonia plasma treatments. Initially, PAW containing nitrate ions is produced by treating water with air plasma. This PAW air is then frozen and exposed to low pressure NH$_3$ plasma, introducing ammonium ions to from NH$_4$NO$_3$. We systematically investigate the voltage current characteristics of the air and NH$_3$ plasma, analyze the generated species and radicals to understand the mechanism of NH$_4$NO$_3$ formation, and evaluate the effects of process parameters such as NH$_3$ gas pressure, applied voltage, and treatment time on the properties of PAW. Our results indicate that all examined process parameters positively influence the properties of PAW. Among these parameters, the duration of NH$_3$ plasma treatment of PAW ice exerts the most significant effect. Specifically, the concentration of NH4 ions increased by 134.2 percent when the NH$_3$ treatment time was extended from 0.5 h to 1 h, compared to 12.7 and 33.3 percent increases for NH$_3$ pressure, ranging from 0.25 to 0.55 mbar, and applied voltage, ranging from 500 to 700 V, respectively. Similarly, variations in pH, oxidation reduction potential, and electrical conductivity were substantially higher with increased treatment time than with changes in gas pressure and applied voltage. The PAW exhibited a neutral to slightly basic pH, making it ideal for soil applications, thereby addressing the existing issue of the high acidity of PAW and its use in agriculture.
- Published
- 2024
49. Magnetoelectric Coupling Based on Protons in Ammonium Sulfate
- Author
-
Meng, Lei, He, Chen, and Yen, Fei
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Most ferroelectric crystals have their own set of unique characteristics and ammonium sulfate (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$ is no exception. We report on two previously unidentified features in ammonium sulfate: 1) that there are at least two successive transitions instead of one occurring at the Curie temperature $T$$_C$ = 223 K according to dielectric constant measurements; and 2) pronounced step-like anomalies are found in the magnetic susceptibility exactly at $T$$_C$. To explain these results, we take into account that there exists a previously unidentified linear coupling between the magnetic and electric dipole moments of the NH$_4$$^+$ tetrahedra due to their rapid reorientations and distorted geometry, respectively. The magnetic moments are small, 0.0016 $\mu$$_B$ for every $C$$_3$ reorientation which involve three protons (H$^+$) undergoing orbital motion. Nevertheless, short-range correlations exist in the paraelectric phase because the magnetic moments are restricted to only point along 14 possible orientations due to the symmetry and periodic nature of the potential wells. At $T$$_C$, $C$$_2$ reorientations (involving four protons) are no longer energetically feasible so the reduction in the degrees of freedom to 8 further enhances the effect of the magnetic interactions. This triggers long-range ordering of the orbital moments in an antiferromagnetic configuration along the $ab$-plane, which via Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, end up canting slightly toward the $c$-axis direction. Since there exists two types of inequivalent NH$_4$$^+$ groups that reorient at different frequencies with temperature and do not have the same degree of distortion, the emerging polar phase is ferrielectric., Comment: Manuscript + Supporting Information (19 + 2 pages, 6 + 2 figures)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Magnetic Ordering of Ammonium Cations in NH$_4$I, NH$_4$Br and NH$_4$Cl
- Author
-
Yen, Fei, Meng, Lei, Gao, Tian, and Hu, Sixia
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter - Abstract
The different types of magnetism arise mainly from how electrons move and interact with each other. In this work, we show how protons (H$^+$) also exhibit magnetic behavior. We measured the magnetic susceptibility of the ammonium halides and identified pronounced increases at 232 K, 233 K and 243 K for NH$_4$I, NH$_4$Br and NH$_4$Cl, respectively, which all coincide to the geometric ordering of its ammonium cations. With extensive literature establishing the fact that the ammonium cations exhibit rotational motion even towards the lowest temperatures, we take into account that the orbital motion of the protons carries a magnetic moment and find it to be larger than that of the paired electrons. Consequently, the structural phase transitions are magnetically-driven as the system attempts to lift 8-fold energy degeneracies of the proton orbitals via Jahn-Teller distortions. Our findings identify that NH$_4$$^+$ cations are capable of comprising magnetism which appears to be ubiquitous in ammonia-based molecular solids., Comment: Manuscript + Supporting Information file (19 + 4 pages, 5 + 3 figures). Sorry for not uploading this back in 2020!
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.