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In response to escalating concerns about climate change, there is a growing imperative to prioritize the decarbonization of the telecom sector and effectively reduce its carbon emissions. This study presents a thorough techno-economic optimization framework for implementing renewable-dominated hybrid standalone systems for the base transceiver station (BTS) encapsulation telecom sector in Pakistan. It is noted that from the results obtained from 42 BTS sites overall, 21 BTS sites had a feasible combination of a photovoltaic battery system, having a diesel generator as a backup source with an average LCOE of 0.1246 USD/kWh to 0.2325 USD/kWh. Thus, seven BTS sites had an optimal combination of biomass, with photovoltaic and battery storage systems and with a varied LCOE of 0.1175 USD/kWh to 0.1318 USD/kWh. Moreover, due to the high flow of hydro water in the north region, five BTS sites presented an ideal configuration of a hydro system coupled with a photovoltaic, wind, and battery storage system, with a varied LCOE of 0.04547 USD/kWh to 0.07419 USD/kWh. Wind energy systems are dominant in the southern region; therefore, five BTS sites presented an ideal combination of a wind energy system coupled with a photovoltaic battery storage system, having DGs as backup sources for sustainability and with a varied LCOE of 0.1096 USD/kWh to 0.1294 USD/kWh. In addition, 02 BTSs had an optimal combination of photovoltaic systems coupled with hydro and wind systems, with diesel generators having a varied LCOE of 0.07618 USD/kWh to 0.04575 USD/kWh. The remaining 02 BTS sites had a feasible combination of wind–hydro-battery and diesel generator–photovoltaic–hydro-battery systems, with an LCOE of 0.7035 USD/kWh and 0.1073 USD/kWh, respectively. Finally, an environmental analysis based on carbon emissions, as well as sensitivity analyses based on different uncertainties, i.e., wind speed, solar irradiance, inflation rate, discount rate, and load demand, was performed to evaluate the behavior of the proposed systems. The optimization of these systems and comparative study findings indicate that the hybrid BTS system is the best option, better than conventional diesel-operated BTS systems in terms of cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly transformed transportation, offering environmental advantages by curbing greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel dependency. However, their increasing adoption poses challenges for power systems, especially distribution systems, due to the direct connection of EVs with them. It requires robust infrastructure development, smart grid integration, and effective charging solutions to mitigate issues like overloading and peak demand to ensure grid stability, reliability, and sustainability. To prevent local equipment overloading during peak load intervals, the management of EV charging demand is carried out in this study, considering both the time to deadline and the energy demand of EVs. Initially, EVs are prioritized based on these two factors (time and energy)—those with shorter deadlines and lower energy demands receive higher rankings. This prioritization aims to maximize the number of EVs with their energy demands met. Subsequently, energy allocation to EVs is determined by their rankings while adhering to the transformer's capacity limits. The process begins with the highest-ranked EV and continues until the transformer nears its limit. To this end, an index is proposed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in terms of unserved EVs during various peak load intervals. Comparative analysis against the earliest deadline first approach demonstrates the superior ability of the proposed method to fulfill the energy demand of a larger number of EVs. By ensuring sustainable energy management, the proposed method supports the widespread adoption of EVs and the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable transportation system. Comparative analysis shows that the proposed method fulfills the energy needs of up to 33% more EVs compared to the earliest deadline method, highlighting its superior performance in managing network loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most severe type of hypothyroidism is known as myxedema coma, which can quickly lead to death if not identified and treated aggressively. The condition known as hypothyroidism is easily detected and treated. But if ignored, it might eventually progress to myxedema coma, the most serious form of hypothyroidism. Since the majority of patients do not initially appear in a coma, the term "myxedema coma" is usually regarded as misleading. Lethargy usually progresses to stupor, which then becomes a coma with hypothermia and respiratory failure. only clinical criteria are used for diagnosis because thyroid hormone assays are unable to distinguish between simple hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm. Apart from essential medical interventions, the treatment focuses on preventing thyroid hormone production and secretion as antithyroid medications, and preventing the peripheral effects of thyroid hormone as β-blocker, glucocorticoids. The diagnosis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood is the same as that of simple hypothyroidism. As soon as a diagnosis is obtained, treatment should start right away. The majority of hospital and commercial laboratories can turnaround a TSH test in a matter of hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvements in the high accuracy of micro‐phasor measurement unit (μPMU) and synchrophasor unit provide the distribution network a special perspective to access full observability in the presence of renewable distribution generations (DGs). In this regard, modelling the uncertainty effects for accurate fault detection in smart grids has become a novel turning point. This research work attempts to develop a novel stochastic architecture based on unscented transform (UT), which requires a very few number of μPMUs, to communicate in a secured blockchain‐enabled structure to allocate and detect the smart grid irregularities and faults. Such a blockchain‐based technique can be beneficial for encrypting the data transmitted among the μPMUs in the smart grid consisting of a variety of distributed energy sources (DERs) and high impedance fault events, while incorporating the uncertainties associated with the load and individual installation sensors. The proposed stochastic structure benefits from voltage measurement and uses its angle in event placement that performs more efficiently than the conventional sensors based on high‐voltage and current metering. The simulation results show the great precision and effectiveness of the proposed model during various fault scenarios in smart grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of self-medication (SM) has increased in health professionals due to awareness of disease and symptoms. Incorrect use of medication caused harmful effects. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of health professionals, this survey was conducted. A cross-sectional study was carried out among health professionals of different specialities. Knowledge, attitude and practice-based questions were asked through an electronically distributed questionnaire. Data were statistically tested using the Chi-square test with SPSS. Most of the health professionals were aware with the term of self-medication; however the knowledge about related questions was not satisfactory. Almost half of the participants practiced self-medication. The prevalence of self-medication among participants was high. They need to be trained and educate about the incorrect use of self-medication., (© 2021 Biomedical Informatics.)