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Decisions about when to start, how long to continue and how to end cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are important in the management of these critically ill patients. The aim of our study is to determine the factors that can help in the early prediction of patients in whom spontaneous circulation can be restored during CPR. Patients who had arrest due to nontraumatic causes were included in the study. The patients whose spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was restored in the emergency service and who were hospitalized in intensive care were included in ROSC (+) group, while the patients who did not have ROSC and who became exitus were included in ROSC (-) group. Patients’ demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, places of arrest, admission laboratory values and possible causes of death were compared between ROSC groups. This study was conducted with the retrospective examination of 309, 118 (38.2%) female and 191 (61.8%) male, cardiopulmonary arrest cases. ROSC was achieved in 94 (30.4%) of the patients who underwent CPR. It was found that a 0,1 unit increase in pH value increased the probability of ROSC by 38% [OR: 1,38 (95% CI: 1.22-1.55), p

Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists potentially risk causing fatal poisoning when taken over the daily recommended doses. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences and potential dose-related effects of propranolol and metoprolol toxicity depending on their selectivity. This 7-year-long retrospective cohort study was conducted among on 43 adult patients who received overdose propranolol (n= 22) and metoprolol (n= 21). Patients were divided into groups, with a daily overdose ≥ 240 mg/day for propranolol, ≥ 200 mg/day for metoprolol, and toxic dose ≥ 400 mg/day for both drugs. The groups were compared in terms of admission symptoms, heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiography findings, cardiovascular effects, toxicity severity scores, treatment, follow-up times, and outcomes. Thirty-four (79.1%) of the patients who exceeded the daily dose were female, and there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of gender (p= 0,281). The mean age was 29 (18-72) years, and there were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of mean age (p= 0,192). When the vitals of the patients who exceeded the daily dose was examined, it was found that 23 (54.8%) patients had bradycardia, and 20 (46.5%) patients had hypotension. 65.2% of the bradycardia patients and 70% of the hypotensive patients were in the propranolol overdose group (p= 0,030 p= 0,021, respectively). Mean dose of symptomatic propranolol overdose patients (n= 12) was found as 1256 (280-2000) mg, mean dose of symptomatic metoprolol overdose patients (n= 11) was found as 559 (250-1000) mg. When toxic dose (≥ 400 mg) intakes were compared, more cardiovascular effects were observed in the propranolol group (p= 0,014). As a result, it was determined that Propranolol overdose has more cardiovascular effects than metoprolol overdose and there is a linear dose-symptom relationship for Propranolol.

Aortic dissection is a fatal cardiovascular health problem. Chest and back pain are among the common complaints of the patients, and they may also apply with atypical clinics. It is very difficult to diagnose with examination and anamnesis, especially in patients who present with poor consciousness and stroke symptoms. In this study, we wanted to present a 62-year-old female patient who had syncope at home and was unconscious for about 1 hour, has stroke symptoms, and aortic dissection was detected in her examinations. When no hemorrhage was detected in non-contrast brain CT, neck and brain contrast-enhanced CT angiography imaging was performed. Aortic dissection flap extending to the right carotid communis was detected in the imaging. Clinicians should pay attention to detailed examination and be alert for further examinations in order not to harm the patient in terms of underlying causes, especially in unconscious patients who have a stroke clinic and cannot express their complaints in a healthy way.

Bu çalışmanın amacı Borsa İstanbul’da (BİST) yer alan altı endeks için (XU100, XTUMY, XUHIZ, XUMAL, XUSIN, XUTEK) etkin piyasa hipotezinin (EPH) geçerliliğini test etmektir. Bunun için ADF, RALS-ADF, Fourier-ADF ve Fourier-KSS birim kök testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz dönemi olarak veri bulunabilirliği açısından her bir endeks için en uzun dönem kullanılmıştır. Literatürden farklı olarak BİST’de yer alan altı endeks için EPH’nin geçerliliği aynı anda hem yapısal kırılmalar hem normal dağılmama durumu hem de doğrusal olmama durumu dikkate alınarak kapsamlı ve karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen ampirik bulgulara göre XUHIZ endeksinde uygulanan tüm birim kök testlerinde boş hipotez reddedilememiştir. Yani XUHIZ endeksi için etkin piyasa hipotezi geçerli doğrultusunda güçlü kanıtlar elde edilmiştir. Aksine XUMAL endeksinde ise uygulanan bütün birim kök testleri sonucunda boş hipotez reddedilerek etkin piyasa hipotezinin geçersiz olduğuna yönelik sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Diğer endekslerde ise yapısal kırılmaların ve doğrusal olmama durumunun dikkate alınmasının sonuçlar üzerinde farklılıklara neden olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum da veri setine uygun test seçiminin önemini öne çıkarmaktadır., The aim of this study is to test the validity of the efficient market hypothesis for six indexes (XU100, XTUMY, XUHIZ, XUMAL, XUSIN, XUTEK) in BIST. For this, ADF, RALS-ADF, Fourier-ADF and Fourier-KSS unit root tests were used. The longest period was used for each index in terms of data availability as the analysis period. Unlike the literature, the validity of the efficient market hypothesis for six indices in the BIST has been comprehensively and comparatively examined by considering both structural breaks, non-normal distribution and non-linearity at the same time. According to the empirical findings, the null hypothesis could not be rejected in all unit root tests applied in the XUHIZ index. In other words, strong evidence has been obtained for the XUHIZ index in line with the effective market hypothesis. On the contrary, as a result of all unit root tests applied in the XUMAL index, the null hypothesis was rejected and the results indicating that the efficient market hypothesis was invalid were obtained. In other indices, it was observed that considering structural breaks and nonlinearity caused differences in the results. This situation highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate test for the data set.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Alvarado and RIPASA scores in patients who applied to the emergency department and underwent appendectomy with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Material and Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study examining patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis. In our study, the post-operative histopathological diagnosis of the patients was accepted as the gold standard. The patients were divided into two groups and the clinical scores of Alvarado and RIPASA obtained during the initial examination were compared between the two groups of patients. Results: Of 125 patients who were operated with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis; 81 (64.8%) were male and 44 (35.2%) were female. Non-complicated appendicitis was diagnosed in 95 (76%) of the patients, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in 21 (16.8%), and complicated appendicitis in 9 (7.2%). In the comparison between both groups, when the ROC curve and the area under the curve of Alvarado and RIPASA scores were evaluated, the RIPASA score was AUC=0.811, while for Alvarado it was AUC=0.762. As the cut-off value, the best value was determined as ≥7 in both scores. No statistically significant difference was found in the comparison between Alvarado and RIPASA scores. Conclusion: The definitive diagnosis of acute appendicitis is surgical emergency, which can be made histopathologically. Various scoring systems should be used more frequently by emergency physicians to ensure rapid and accurate diagnosis in the emergency department. With the more frequent use of both RIPASA and Alvarado scoring systems, the negative appendectomy rate can be reduced. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı acil servise başvuran ve akut apandisit tanısı ile apendektomi yapılan hastalarda Alvarado ve RIPASA skorlarının etkinliğini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Akut apandisit tanısı alan hastaların incelendiği tek merkezli, retrospektif bir çalışma olarak planlandı. Çalışmamızda, hastaların post-operatif histopataolojik tanıları altın standart kabul edilerek, hastalardan başlangıç muayenelerinde bakılan Alvarado ve RIPASA klinik skorlar ile karşılaştırılması planlandı. Bulgular: Akut apandisit tanısı ile opere edilen 125 hastanın; 81’i erkek (%64,8) 44’ü kadındı (%35,2). Hastaların 95’inde (%76) non-komplike apandisit, 21’inde (%16,8) reaktif lenfoid hiperplazi, 9’unda (%7,2) komplike apandisit tanısı konulmuştur. Alvarado ve RIPASA skorlarının ROC eğrisi ve eğri altında kalan alanı değerlendirildiğinde RIPASA skoru AUC=0.811 iken Alvarado için AUC=0.762 idi. Cut-off değer olarak her iki skorda da en iyi değer ≥7 olarak belirlendi. Alvarado ve RIPASA skorları arasındaki karşılaştırmada istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Sonuç: Akut apandisit kesin tanısı histopatolojik olarak konulabilen bir cerrahi acildir. Hızlı ve doğru teşhisini sağlamak için çeşitli skorlama sistemleri acil hekimleri tarafından daha sık kullanılmalıdır Acil serviste skorlama sistemleri tanı koymada faydalı olup birbirlerine üstünlükleri bulunmamıştır. Hem RIPASA hem de Alvarado skorlama sistemlerinin daha sık kullanılması ile negatif apendektomi oranı azaltılabilir.

Spontaneous forniceal rupture is one of the rarest diagnoses of abrupt onset abdominal pain. Moreover, urolithiasis is the most prevalent cause and coexistent condition. Delayed-phased Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans or intravenous pyelograms are needed for an exact diagnosis in most circumstances. Herein, we report a case of a healthy middle-aged female who presented to the emergency department with flank and abdominal pain. The diagnosis of forniceal rupture was made by the emergency point of care ultrasound. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first cases of spontaneous forniceal rupture secondary to urolithiasis diagnosed by the physician-performed ultrasound before confirmation of the diagnosis with computed tomography. In conclusion, emergency physicians and surgeons should be aware of rare conditions like spontaneous forniceal rupture and its sonographic findings to make a rapid diagnosis of urine extravasation so that unwanted complications are avoided.

Aim: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the combined accuracy of appendix diameter, C reactive protein, and Alvarado score in classifying patients with negative appendectomy and acute appendicitis. Material and Methods: This descriptive observational cohort study research was conducted at the Emergency Department of a Training and Research Hospital between November 2017 and April 2019. We included the data of appendicitis cases aged under 18 years in this retrospective study and gathered data on patients` demographics, preoperative laboratory values, signs, symptoms, and final pathological diagnosis, retrospectively. Then, cases were divided into acute appendicitis or negative appendectomy groups according to formal pathology reports. Results: The final study population consisted of 60 patients; the negative appendectomy rate was 25%. The diagnostic accuracy of the multivariate model`s involving CRP, Alvarado score, and appendix diameter was 93.3%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.3% for identifying acute appendicitis (+LR: 14 and -LR: 0.07). Applying the model could have prevented 93.3% of negative appendectomy cases (25% to 1.7%) from undergoing unnecessary surgery in our cohort. Conclusion: In conclusion, CRP, Alvarado score, or appendix diameter should not be used individually to diagnose AA in children. However, combining these variables can increase the accuracy of acute appendicitis diagnosis and may provide a significant reduction in negative appendectomy rates. Amaç: Bu retrospektif çalışma, negatif apendektomili ve akut apandisitli hastaları sınıflandırmada apendiks çapı, C reaktif protein ve Alvarado skorunun birleşik doğruluğunu araştırmayı amaçladı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı gözlemsel kohort çalışması, Kasım 2017 ile Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Acil Servisinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya 18 yaş altı apandisit olguları dahil edilmiş ve hastaların demografik özellikleri, laboratuvar ölçümleri, semptom, bulgu ve nihai patoloji raporlarına ilişkin veriler retrospektif olarak toplanmıştır. Daha sonra olgular resmi patoloji raporlarına göre akut apandisit veya negatif apendektomi gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Bulgular: Nihai çalışma popülasyonu 60 hastadan oluşuyordu ve negatif apendektomi oranı %25 idi. CRP, Alvarado skoru ve apendiks çapı verilerini içeren çok değişkenli modelin tanısal doğruluğu %93.3, akut apandisit tanımlamada duyarlılık ve özgüllüğü %93.3 idi (+LR: 14 ve -LR: 0.07). Modeli uygulamanın, kohortumuzdaki negatif apendektomi vakalarının %93,3'ünü (%25 ila %1,7) gereksiz cerrahiden kurtarabileceği görülmüştür. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, CRP, Alvarado skoru veya apendiks çapı çocuklarda AA tanısında tek başına kullanılmamalıdır. Ancak bu değişkenlerin birlikte kullanımı apandisit tanısının doğruluğunu artırabilir ve negatif apendektomi oranlarında önemli bir azalma sağlayabilir.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between pulmonary artery (PA) and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameters in non-contrast chest computerized tomography (CT) images of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and overall survival. Material and Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 404 consecutive patients who underwent chest CT after admission to the emergency department between May 1 and June 31. 2021. CT measurements were performed by two radiologists. The prognostic value of PA and IVC diameters, the computerized tomography severity score (CT-55), quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA), and confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age >= years (CURB-65) score on overall survival were examined. Results: The median age of the participants was 62 years (49-72), and 196 (48.5%) were male. Of the 404 patients, 61 died after admission. While main-PA, left-PA, right-PA (p < 0.001) and NC-transverse (IVC-Tr) (p = 0.045) diameters were larger and statistically significant in the patients who died (AUC; 0.686, 0.722, 0.746, and 0.581, respectively), a statistically significant difference was not detected in terms of IVC anteroposterior diameter (IVC-AP) (p = 0.053) and the IVC-Tr/AP (p = 0.754) ratio. There was a statistical difference in mortality in ciSOFA, CURB-65, and CT-SS values (AUC; 0.727, 0.798, and 0.708 p < 0.001, respectively). Discussion: PA diameters measured from chest CT images at admission (main-PA >= 26.5 mm, right-PA >= 22.9 mm, and left-PA >= 21.6 mm) and the IVC-Tr diameter (>= 34.5 mm) can be used as mortality predictors for COVID-19, along with other prognostic scores.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to compare clinical outcomes of multidisciplinary patients who were admitted by the decision of emergency physicians (EPs) with that of patients, who were admitted after the consensus decision of consultant physicians in terms of number of consultation, emergency department (ED) and hospital length of stay (LOS), need for intensive care unit (ICU), transfer status after hospitalization and outcome. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. The multidisciplinary medical patients who were above 18 years of age and need hospitalization were included. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I consisted of those who were hospitalized by the decision of EPs, and Group II consisted of patients who were hospitalized after a consensus reached between consulting physicians. Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square tests were used for comparisons. Results: Of the 1143 hospitalized patients. 204 (17.85%) were in Group I and 939 (82.15%) were in Group II. Group I patients needed more consultations in the ED, had higher ED-LOS, need more ICU, and were more commonly transferred to other departments after hospitalization. As the number of consultations increases, the ED-LOS increases accordingly in both groups. Although Group I patients seem to be more commonly transferred (p = 0.001), overall hospitalLOS between the two groups was similar (p = 0.1 43). The transferred patients in Group I had a higher hospital-LOS compared to non-transferred patients (p = 0.001). Discussion: The authorization of EPs to hospitalize multidisciplinary patients to the most related department seems to be feasible because overall hospital-LOS does not change.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Alvarado and RIPASA scores in patients who applied to the emergency department and underwent appendectomy with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Material and Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study examining patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis. In our study, the post-operative histopathological diagnosis of the patients was accepted as the gold standard. The patients were divided into two groups and the clinical scores of Alvarado and RIPASA obtained during the initial examination were compared between the two groups of patients.Results: Of 125 patients who were operated with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis; 81 (64.8%) were male and 44 (35.2%) were female. Non-complicated appendicitis was diagnosed in 95 (76%) of the patients, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in 21 (16.8%), and complicated appendicitis in 9 (7.2%). In the comparison between both groups, when the ROC curve and the area under the curve of Alvarado and RIPASA scores were evaluated, the RIPASA score was AUC=0.811, while for Alvarado it was AUC=0.762. As the cut-off value, the best value was determined as ≥7 in both scores. No statistically significant difference was found in the comparison between Alvarado and RIPASA scores.Conclusion: The definitive diagnosis of acute appendicitis is surgical emergency, which can be made histopathologically. Various scoring systems should be used more frequently by emergency physicians to ensure rapid and accurate diagnosis in the emergency department. With the more frequent use of both RIPASA and Alvarado scoring systems, the negative appendectomy rate can be reduced., Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı acil servise başvuran ve akut apandisit tanısı ile apendektomi yapılan hastalarda Alvarado ve RIPASA skorlarının etkinliğini incelemektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Akut apandisit tanısı alan hastaların incelendiği tek merkezli, retrospektif bir çalışma olarak planlandı. Çalışmamızda, hastaların post-operatif histopataolojik tanıları altın standart kabul edilerek, hastalardan başlangıç muayenelerinde bakılan Alvarado ve RIPASA klinik skorlar ile karşılaştırılması planlandı.Bulgular: Akut apandisit tanısı ile opere edilen 125 hastanın; 81’i erkek (%64,8) 44’ü kadındı (%35,2). Hastaların 95’inde (%76) non-komplike apandisit, 21’inde (%16,8) reaktif lenfoid hiperplazi, 9’unda (%7,2) komplike apandisit tanısı konulmuştur. Alvarado ve RIPASA skorlarının ROC eğrisi ve eğri altında kalan alanı değerlendirildiğinde RIPASA skoru AUC=0.811 iken Alvarado için AUC=0.762 idi. Cut-off değer olarak her iki skorda da en iyi değer ≥7 olarak belirlendi. Alvarado ve RIPASA skorları arasındaki karşılaştırmada istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı.Sonuç: Akut apandisit kesin tanısı histopatolojik olarak konulabilen bir cerrahi acildir. Hızlı ve doğru teşhisini sağlamak için çeşitli skorlama sistemleri acil hekimleri tarafından daha sık kullanılmalıdır Acil serviste skorlama sistemleri tanı koymada faydalı olup birbirlerine üstünlükleri bulunmamıştır. Hem RIPASA hem de Alvarado skorlama sistemlerinin daha sık kullanılması ile negatif apendektomi oranı azaltılabilir.

Aim: Spontaneous rupture of an arachnoid cyst resulting in a subdural hygroma is an infrequent event. We report an adult patient who had no previous neuroimaging and had acute onset headache, dizziness, and nausea unrelated to trauma.Case: A 67-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency service complaints of sudden onset of dizziness, headache, and vomiting while working in the garden. He described ongoing nausea and headache localized to the frontal region. Brain CT imaging was planned for the patient whose nausea and dizziness worsened while his symptomatic treatment continued. In the brain CT, a large hypodense extracerebral collection was detected in the area starting from the middle fossa in the right cerebral hemisphere and extending to the convexity level in the frontoparietal region. The patient was consulted in the neurosurgery unit. Surgical intervention was not considered, and the patient was admitted to the neurosurgery service for treatment. Due to the asymptomatic course in the service follow-ups, he was discharged with outpatient clinic control recommendations.Conclusion: This case illustrates the importance of recognizing the possibility of spontaneous rupture of an arachnoid cyst. This phenomenon should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients without head trauma. Although it is rare, being aware of such a case is helpful in preventing possible bad outcomes., Amaç: Araknoid kistin subdural higroma ile sonuçlanan spontan rüptürü nadir görülen bir olaydır. Daha önce nörogörüntüleme yapılmamış ve travmaya bağlı olmayan akut başlangıçlı baş ağrısı, baş dönmesi ve mide bulantısı olan yetişkin bir hastayı sunuyoruz.Olgu: 67 yaşında erkek hasta bahçede çalışırken aniden başlayan baş dönmesi, baş ağrısı ve kusma şikayetleriyle acil servise getirildi. Frontal bölgeye lokalize devam eden bulantı ve baş ağrısı tarif etti. Semptomatik tedavisi devam ederken bulantı ve baş dönmesi artan hastaya beyin BT görüntüleme planlandı. Beyin BT'sinde sağ serebral hemisferde orta fossadan başlayıp frontoparietal bölgede konveksite seviyesine kadar uzanan alanda geniş hipodens ekstraserebral koleksiyon saptandı. Hasta beyin cerrahisi ünitesinde konsülte edildi. Cerrahi müdahale düşünülmedi ve hasta tedavi için beyin cerrahisi servisine yatırıldı. Servis takiplerindeki asemptomatik seyir nedeniyle poliklinik kontrol önerileri ile taburcu edildi.Sonuç: Bu vaka, araknoid kistin spontan rüptürü olasılığını bilmenin önemini göstermektedir. Bu fenomen kafa travması olmayan hastalarda ayırıcı tanı olarak düşünülmelidir. Nadir de olsa böyle bir durumun farkında olmak olası kötü sonuçların önlenmesinde yardımcı olur.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı acil servisten hastaneye yatış verilen Covid-19 hastalarında kritik hastaları saptamak için kullanılan “COVID-GRAM” kritik hastalık risk skorlamasının Türkiye popülasyonundaki validasyonu yapmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma 01.08.2020 ile 31.01.2021 tarihleri arasında Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Acil Servisi’ne başvurup Covid-19 nedeniyle yatış verilen 299 COVID-19 hastasının bilgisayar tabanlı hasta kayıtlarının geriye dönük incelenmesi ile yapılmıştır. Söz konusu incelemelerde hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, başvuru vital değerleri, başvuru şikayeti, akciğer grafisi, laboratuvar tetkikleri, komorbid hastalıkları ve sonlanım şekilleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortanca değeri 69 (22-96) bulunmuştur. COVID-GRAM risk skorlamasında bulunan akciğer grafisi (OO:9.72, %95 GA: 4.06 – 23.3), yaş (OO:1.05, %95 GA: 1.03 – 1.08), dispne (OO:10.3, %95 GA: 5.03 – 21.0), bilinç değişikliği (OO:77.91, %95 GA: 1.03 – 5870.48), komorbidite sayısını (OO:1.64, %95 GA: 1.32–2.05) kritik ve kritik olmayan hasta grupları arasında karşılaştırdığımızda bağımsız prediktör olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Laboratuvar parametrelerinden laktat dehidrogenaz (OO:1.002, %95 GA: 1.001 – 1.004) ve direkt bilurubin de (OO: 1.04, %95 GA: 1.01– 1.07) benzer şekilde bağımsız prediktör olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Çalışmamızda skorlamada bulunan hemoptizi, kanser öyküsü için gruplar arası anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır (p>0.05). Skorlamanın ROC eğrisi analizinde eğri altında kalan alan (AUC) %95 güven aralığı ile 0.874 bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda valide edildiği gibi COVID-GRAM risk skorlaması Covid-19 nedeniyle yatış verilen hastalarda kritik hastalığı saptamada tatmin edici bir başarıya sahiptir., Objective: A pathogen called novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province of China. It spread rapidly and caused an epidemic in China and a pandemic in the world in the ongoing process. In February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named this disease Covid-19 disease, meaning 2019 coronavirus disease.To validate the “COVID-GRAM” critical illness risk scoring system used to detect critically ill patients in hospitalized Covid-19 patients in the Turkish population.Materials and Methods: This research is a retrospective analysis of computer-based patient records of patients who were admitted to the Emergency Service of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital between 01.08.2020 and 31.01.2021 were hospitalized due to Covid-19 and was made with with the approval of the ethics committee (2021/51).Patients' age, gender, vital values at admission, complaints at admission, chest X-ray, laboratory tests, comorbid diseases and outcome patterns were used in the study.Results: This study was conducted by retrospectively examining 299 Covid-19 patients, 164 of them (54.8 %) and 135 (45.2 %) of women. The median age of the patients was 69 (22-96). Chest X-ray (OR:9.72, 95% CI: 4.06 – 23.3), age (OR:1.05, 95% CI: 1.03 – 1.08), dyspnea (OR:10.3, 95% CI: 5.03 – 21.0) ), altered consciousness (OR:77.91, 95% CI: 1.03 - 5870.48), and the number of comorbidities (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.32 - 2.05) found in the COVID-GRAM risk scoring, between critical and non-critical patient groups appeared as independent predictors. Lactate dehydrogenase (OR:1.002, 95% CI: 1.001 - 1.004) and direct bilirubin (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.07) were similarly independent predictors of laboratory parameters. In our study, no significant difference was found between the groups for hemoptysis and cancer history in the scoring (p>0.05). In the ROC curve analysis of the scoring, the area under the curve (AUC) was found to be 0.874 with a 95% confidence interval.Conclusion: As validated in our study; the COVID-GRAM risk scoring has had satisfactory success in detecting critical illness in patients hospitalized for Covid-19.

Mata, M. N., Oladipupo, S. D., Husam, R., Ferrão, J. A., Altuntaş, M., Martins, J. N., Kirikkaleli, D., Dantas, R. M., & Lourenço, A. M. (2021). Another look into the relationship between economic growth, carbon emissions, agriculture and urbanization in thailand: A frequency domain analysis. Energies, 14(16), [5132]. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14165132 This empirical study assesses the effect of CO2 emissions, urbanization, energy consumption, and agriculture on Thailand’s economic growth using a dataset between 1970 and 2018. The ARDL and the frequency domain causality (FDC) approaches were applied to assess these interconnections. The outcome of the bounds test suggested a long-term association among the variables of investigation. The ARDL outcomes reveal that urbanization, agriculture, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions positively trigger Thailand’s economic growth. Additionally, the frequency domain causality test was used to detect a causal connection between the series. The main benefit of this technique is that it can detect a causal connection between series at different frequencies. To the understanding of the authors, this is the first study in the case of Thailand that will apply the FDC approach to capture the causal linkage between GDP and the regressors. The outcomes of the causality test suggested that CO2 emissions, urbanization, energy consumption, and agriculture can predict Thailand’s economic growth in the long term. These outcomes have far-reaching implications for economic performance and Thailand’s macroeconomic indicators. publishersversion published

Bu çalışmada literatürde Kırılgan Beşli ülkeleri olarak gruplandırılan Brezilya, Hindistan, Endonezya, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye için kapsanmamış faiz oranı paritesinin geçerliliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın ekonometrik analiz bölümünde son dönemlerde araştırmacılar tarafından yaygın olarak kullanılan birim kök testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu noktada Dickey ve Fuller (1979), Genişletilmiş Dickey ve Fuller (1981), Philips ve Perron (1988), Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt ve Shin (1992), Perron (1989) tek kırılmalı birim kök, Zivot ve Andrews (1992) tek kırılmalı birim kök ve Enders ve Lee (2012) Fourier-ADF birim kök testleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları doğrultusunda Brezilya, Endonezya ve Türkiye için kapsanmamış faiz oranı paritesinin geçerliliğine dair güçlü kanıtlar elde edilmiştir. Hindistan ilişkin sonuçlar yapısal kırılmanın dikkate alındığı durum ve dikkate alınan yapısal kırılmanın yapısına göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu durumda yapısal kırılmaların dikkate alınması ve veri setine ilişkin dönemin konjonktürel yapısının iyi bilinmesi konusunu gündeme getirmektedir. Güney Afrika’da ise sonuçlar çoğunlukla faiz oranı paritesinin geçerli olduğu yönünde olmasına rağmen, yumuşak kırılmalara izin veren Fourier-ADF testine ilişkin sonuçlar bu ülkelerde faiz oranı paritesinin geçersiz olduğuna dair kanıtlar sunmuştur., This study analyzes the validity of the uncovered interest rate parity for Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey, which are grouped as The Fragile Five countries within the literature. The econometric analysis section of the study benefits from unit root tests, a common method that researchers have started to utilize recently. For this reason, we used Dickey and Fuller (1979), Augmented Dickey and Fuller (1981), Philips and Perron (1988), Kwiatkowski et al. (1992), Perron (1989) unit root test with one break, Zivot and Andrews (1992) unit root test with one break, and Enders and Lee (2012) Fourier-ADF unit root tests. In line with the results of the analysis, we obtained strong evidence regarding the validity of the uncovered interest rate parity for Brazil, Indonesia, and Turkey. Results for India vary according to the structure of the break and where the structural break is taken into consideration. This shows that structural breaks and the economic circumstances of the period that the data set is from should be considered. Although results for South Africa show that interest rate parity is generally valid, results for the Fourier-ADF test, which allows for smooth breaks, offered evidence that the interest rate parity was not valid in these countries.