142 results on '"Alice Yu"'
Search Results
2. A contemporary comparison of laparoscopic versus open partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma
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Edouard Nicaise, Adam S. Feldman, Andrew Gusev, Alice Yu, Naren Nimmagadda, Matthew F. Wszolek, Francis McGovern, Michael L. Blute, and Douglas M. Dahl
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Laparoscopy ,Open surgery ,Partial nephrectomy ,Renal cell carcinoma ,Renal function ,Outcomes ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose To analyze surgical and oncologic outcomes of patients undergoing open partial nephrectomy (OPN) versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods We retrospectively investigated our institutional RCC database for patients who underwent PN for RCC from 1997 to 2018. Decision for technique was at the discretion of the operating urologist, following practice patterns and training history. Outcomes analyzed included pre/peri/post-operative parameters, pathologic outcomes, and disease recurrence rates. Results 1088 patients underwent PN from 1997 to 2018. After exclusionary criteria, 631 patients who underwent 647 unique PNs for a total of 162 OPN and 485 LPN remained. Baseline, pre-op, and pathologic characteristics were not statistically different. Surgical time was lower in laparoscopic cases [185 vs. 205 min] (p = 0.013). Margin involvement was not statistically different; LPN had lower estimated blood loss (EBL) [150 vs. 250 mL] (p
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- 2024
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3. A Description and Safety Overview of Irreversible Electroporation for Prostate Tissue Ablation in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: Preliminary Results from the PRESERVE Trial
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Arvin K. George, Ranko Miocinovic, Amit R. Patel, Derek J. Lomas, Andres F. Correa, David Y. T. Chen, Ardeshir R. Rastinehad, Michael J. Schwartz, Edward M. Uchio, Abhinav Sidana, Brian T. Helfand, Jeffrey C. Gahan, Alice Yu, Srinivas Vourganti, Al Baha Barqawi, Wayne G. Brisbane, James S. Wysock, Thomas J. Polascik, Timothy D. McClure, and Jonathan A. Coleman
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prostate cancer ,irreversible electroporation ,ablation ,focal therapy ,clinical trial ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
The PRESERVE study (NCT04972097) aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the NanoKnife System to ablate prostate tissue in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa). The NanoKnife uses irreversible electroporation (IRE) to deliver high-voltage electrical pulses to change the permeability of cell membranes, leading to cell death. A total of 121 subjects with organ-confined PCa ≤ T2c, prostate-specific antigens (PSAs) ≤ 15 ng/mL, and a Gleason score of 3 + 4 or 4 + 3 underwent focal ablation of the index lesion. The primary endpoints included negative in-field biopsy and adverse event incidence, type, and severity through 12 months. At the time of analysis, the trial had completed accrual with preliminary follow-up available. Demographics, disease characteristics, procedural details, PSA responses, and adverse events (AEs) are presented. The median (IQR) age at screening was 67.0 (61.0–72.0) years and Gleason distribution 3 + 4 (80.2%) and 4 + 3 (19.8%). At 6 months, all patients with available data (n = 74) experienced a median (IQR) percent reduction in PSA of 67.6% (52.3–82.2%). Only ten subjects (8.3%) experienced a Grade 3 adverse event; five were procedure-related. No Grade ≥ 4 AEs were reported. This study supports prior findings that IRE prostate ablation with the NanoKnife System can be performed safely. Final results are required to fully assess oncological, functional, and safety outcomes.
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- 2024
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4. Survival Benefits of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Positive Soft Tissue Surgical Margins Following Radical Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer with Extravesical Extension
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Prithvi B. Murthy, Shreyas Naidu, Facundo Davaro, Philippe E. Spiess, Logan Zemp, Michael Poch, Rohit Jain, Aram Vosoughi, G. Daniel Grass, Alice Yu, Wade J. Sexton, Scott M. Gilbert, and Roger Li
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radical cystectomy ,adjuvant therapy ,surgical margins ,multi-modal therapy ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Muscle invasive bladder cancer with extravesical extension is an aggressive disease entity that requires multimodal therapy. The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in patients with a positive soft-tissue surgical margin (STSM), however, are relatively unknown due to exclusion of this population in randomized controlled trials of AC. We sought to define survival benefits in this patient population through our institutional bladder cancer database. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients undergoing radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder from 2004–2020 with ≥pT3b disease irrespective of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) use was conducted. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) estimates were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test, and the Cox-proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of improved PFS and OS. AC was defined by any chemotherapy use within 90 days of cystectomy, regardless of STSM status. Results: 476 patients with pT3b disease or worse were identified. Median follow-up was 12.3 months. An amount of 21% of patients were treated with AC. An amount of 24% of patients had positive STSM. Median OS for patients with positive STSM was 8.4 months [95% CI 7–11.5] and 18.3 months [95% CI 15.6–20.8] (p < 0.001) for patients with negative STSM. In the overall cohort, positive STSM (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.45–2.57, p < 0.001), AC use (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.90, p = 0.007), and pN1–3 disease (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16–1.87, p = 0.002) were independent predictors of OS when adjusted for performance status, pT-stage, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy use. In patients with positive STSM, median survival was seven months [95% CI 5.2–8.4] without AC, compared to 16.2 months [95% CI 11.5–52.5] with AC (p = 0.0038). For patients with negative STSM, median survival was 17.4 months [95% CI 14–20.1] without AC compared to 22.3 months [95% CI 17.2–36.9] with AC (p = 0.23). In patients with positive STSM, AC use was the only factor associated with an OS benefit with a HR of 0.41 (95% CI 0.21–0.78, p = 0.007). In patients with negative STSM, pT4 and pN1–3 disease were the only factors associated with worse overall survival with a HR of 1.32 (95% CI 1.00–1.74, p = 0.050) and 1.97 (95% CI 1.49–2.60, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Administration of adjuvant chemotherapy is of particular benefit in patients with positive STSM following radical cystectomy for gross extravesical disease. Positive STSM may be a representative of “early metastatic” or micrometastatic disease.
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- 2023
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5. Identifying and overcoming barriers to participation of minority populations in clinical trials: Lessons learned from the VanDAAM study
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Angelina K. C. Fink, Amanda C. DeRenzis, Shivanshu Awasthi, Nawreen Jahan, Peter A. S. Johnstone, Julio Pow‐Sang, Javier Torres‐Roca, Daniel Grass, Daniel Fernandez, Arash Naghavi, Susan Tan, Brandon Manley, Roger Li, Michael Poch, Alice Yu, Nikki Little, Eppie Bass, Cesar E. Ercole, Evangelia Katsoulakis, Ryan Burri, Riley Smith, Nathanael B. Stanley, Susan T. Vadaparampil, and Kosj Yamoah
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African American men (AAM) ,Decipher ,minority populations ,prostate cancer (PCa) ,VanDAAM ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Participation in cancer research trials by minority populations is imperative in reducing disparities in clinical outcomes. Even with increased awareness of the importance of minority patient inclusion in clinical research to improve cancer care and survival, significant barriers persist in accruing and retaining minority patients into clinical trials. This study sought to identify and address barriers to minority accrual to a minimal risk clinical research study in real‐time.
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- 2023
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6. Current Challenges of Asian National Children's Cancer Study Groups on Behalf of Asian Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Group
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Chi-kong Li, Purna Kurkure, Ramandeep Singh Arora, Bow Wen Chen, Kirill Kirgizov, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Panya Seksarn, Yongmin Tang, Keon Hee Yoo, Bharat Agarwal, Godfrey C.F. Chan, Rashmi Dalvi, Hiroki Hori, Muhammad Saghir Khan, Alice Yu, and Akira Nakagawara
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
In Asia, a few countries have a long and established history of collaborative clinical trials successfully formed national children's cancer study groups, but many still do not have such groups. The process of forming national children's cancer groups is fraught with many hurdles, which varies among the countries. One of the basic requirements for running clinical trials is an affordable health care system in which most of the children with cancer can receive the proposed treatment. The health insurance coverage for children with cancer varies from
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- 2023
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7. Understanding the valuation of paediatric health-related quality of life: a qualitative study protocol
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Rosalie Viney, Richard Norman, Mina Bahrampour, Nancy Devlin, Alice Yu, Yiting Luo, Deborah Street, and Brendan James Mulhern
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction There is evidence from previous studies that adults value paediatric health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adult HRQoL differently. Less is known about how adolescents value paediatric HRQoL and whether their valuation and decision-making processes differ from those of adults. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are widely used to develop value sets for measures of HRQoL, but there is still much to understand about whether and how the methods choices in the implementation of DCE valuation tasks, such as format, presentation and perspective, affect the decision-making process of participants. This paper describes the protocol for a qualitative study that aims to explore the decision-making process of adults and adolescents when completing DCE valuation tasks. The study will also explore the impact of methodological choices in the design of DCE studies (including decisions about format and presentation) on participants’ thinking process.Methods and analysis An interview protocol has been developed using DCE valuation tasks. Interviews will be conducted online via Zoom with both an adolescent and adult sample. In the interview, the participant will be asked to go through some DCE valuation tasks while ‘thinking aloud’. After completion of the survey, participants will then be asked some predetermined questions in relation to various aspects of the DCE tasks. Interviews will be recorded and transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis approach.Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval for this study has been received for the adult sample (UTS ETH20-9632) as well as the youth sample (UTS ETH22-6970) from the University of Technology Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee. Results from this study will inform the methods to be used in development of value sets for use in the health technology assessment of paediatric interventions and treatments. Findings from this study will also be disseminated through national/international conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
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- 2023
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8. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. in retail shrimp in Northern California
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Brady Hirshfeld, Kurtis Lavelle, Katie Yen Lee, Edward Robert Atwill, David Kiang, Bakytzhan Bolkenov, Megan Gaa, Zhirong Li, Alice Yu, Xunde Li, and Xiang Yang
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Vibrio spp. ,Enterococcus spp. ,foodborne ,shrimp ,antimicrobial resistance ,whole genome sequencing ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Shrimp is one of the most consumed seafood products globally. Antimicrobial drugs play an integral role in disease mitigation in aquaculture settings, but their prevalent use raises public health concerns on the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Vibrio spp., as the most common causative agents of seafood-borne infections in humans, and Enterococcus spp., as an indicator organism, are focal bacteria of interest for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in seafood. In this study, 400 samples of retail shrimp were collected from randomly selected grocery stores in the Greater Sacramento, California, area between September 2019 and June 2020. The prevalence of Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. was 60.25% (241/400) and 89.75% (359/400), respectively. Subsamples of Vibrio (n = 110) and Enterococcus (n = 110) isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Vibrio isolates had high phenotypic resistance to ampicillin (52/110, 47.27%) and cefoxitin (39/110, 35.45%). Enterococcus were most frequently resistant to lincomycin (106/110, 96.36%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (96/110, 87.27%), ciprofloxacin (93/110, 84.55%), linezolid (86/110, 78.18%), and erythromycin (58/110, 52.73%). For both Vibrio and Enterococcus, no significant associations were observed between multidrug resistance (MDR, resistance to ≥3 drug classes) in isolates from farm raised and wild caught shrimp (p > 0.05) and in isolates of domestic and imported origin (p > 0.05). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of a subset of Vibrio isolates (n = 42) speciated isolates as primarily V. metschnikovii (24/42; 57.14%) and V. parahaemolyticus (12/42; 28.57%), and detected 27 unique antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) across these isolates, most commonly qnrVC6 (19.05%, 8/42), dfrA31 (11.90%, 5/42), dfrA6 (9.5%, 4/42), qnrVC1 (9.5%, 4/42). Additionally, WGS predicted phenotypic resistance in Vibrio isolates with an overall sensitivity of 11.54% and specificity of 96.05%. This study provides insights on the prevalence and distribution of AMR in Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. from retail shrimp in California which are important for food safety and public health and exemplifies the value of surveillance in monitoring the spread of AMR and its genetic determinants.
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- 2023
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9. Targeting macrophage Syk enhances responses to immune checkpoint blockade and radiotherapy in high-risk neuroblastoma
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Deepak Rohila, In Hwan Park, Timothy V. Pham, Riley Jones, Elisabette Tapia, Kevin X. Liu, Pablo Tamayo, Alice Yu, Andrew B. Sharabi, and Shweta Joshi
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macrophage ,neuroblastoma ,immune suppression ,Syk ,T cells ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
BackgroundNeuroblastoma (NB) is considered an immunologically cold tumor and is usually less responsive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are highly infiltrated in NB tumors and promote immune escape and resistance to ICB. Hence therapeutic strategies targeting immunosuppressive TAMs can improve responses to ICB in NB. We recently discovered that spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) reprograms TAMs toward an immunostimulatory phenotype and enhances T-cell responses in the lung adenocarcinoma model. Here we investigated if Syk is an immune-oncology target in NB and tested whether a novel immunotherapeutic approach utilizing Syk inhibitor together with radiation and ICB could provide a durable anti-tumor immune response in an MYCN amplified murine model of NB.MethodsMyeloid Syk KO mice and syngeneic MYCN-amplified cell lines were used to elucidate the effect of myeloid Syk on the NB tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, the effect of Syk inhibitor, R788, on anti-tumor immunity alone or in combination with anti-PDL1 mAb and radiation was also determined in murine NB models. The underlying mechanism of action of this novel therapeutic combination was also investigated.ResultsHerein, we report that Syk is a marker of NB-associated macrophages and plays a crucial role in promoting immunosuppression in the NB TME. We found that the blockade of Syk in NB-bearing mice markedly impairs tumor growth. This effect is facilitated by macrophages that become immunogenic in the absence of Syk, skewing the suppressive TME towards immunostimulation and activating anti-tumor immune responses. Moreover, combining FDA-approved Syk inhibitor, R788 (fostamatinib) along with anti-PDL1 mAb provides a synergistic effect leading to complete tumor regression and durable anti-tumor immunity in mice bearing small tumors (50 mm3) but not larger tumors (250 mm3). However, combining radiation to R788 and anti-PDL1 mAb prolongs the survival of mice bearing large NB9464 tumors.ConclusionCollectively, our findings demonstrate the central role of macrophage Syk in NB progression and demonstrate that Syk blockade can “reeducate” TAMs towards immunostimulatory phenotype, leading to enhanced T cell responses. These findings further support the clinical evaluation of fostamatinib alone or with radiation and ICB, as a novel therapeutic intervention in neuroblastoma.
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- 2023
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10. A human lung tumor microenvironment interactome identifies clinically relevant cell-type cross-talk
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Andrew J. Gentles, Angela Bik-Yu Hui, Weiguo Feng, Armon Azizi, Ramesh V. Nair, Gina Bouchard, David A. Knowles, Alice Yu, Youngtae Jeong, Alborz Bejnood, Erna Forgó, Sushama Varma, Yue Xu, Amanda Kuong, Viswam S. Nair, Rob West, Matt van de Rijn, Chuong D. Hoang, Maximilian Diehn, and Sylvia K. Plevritis
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Tumors comprise a complex microenvironment of interacting malignant and stromal cell types. Much of our understanding of the tumor microenvironment comes from in vitro studies isolating the interactions between malignant cells and a single stromal cell type, often along a single pathway. Result To develop a deeper understanding of the interactions between cells within human lung tumors, we perform RNA-seq profiling of flow-sorted malignant cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and bulk cells from freshly resected human primary non-small-cell lung tumors. We map the cell-specific differential expression of prognostically associated secreted factors and cell surface genes, and computationally reconstruct cross-talk between these cell types to generate a novel resource called the Lung Tumor Microenvironment Interactome (LTMI). Using this resource, we identify and validate a prognostically unfavorable influence of Gremlin-1 production by fibroblasts on proliferation of malignant lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also find a prognostically favorable association between infiltration of mast cells and less aggressive tumor cell behavior. Conclusion These results illustrate the utility of the LTMI as a resource for generating hypotheses concerning tumor-microenvironment interactions that may have prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
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- 2020
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11. Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention: The Role of the Gut Microbiome
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Nagi B. Kumar, Stephanie Hogue, Julio Pow-Sang, Michael Poch, Brandon J. Manley, Roger Li, Jasreman Dhillon, Alice Yu, and Doratha A. Byrd
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prostate cancer ,green tea catechins ,microbiome ,chemoprevention ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports green tea catechins (GTCs) in chemoprevention for prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among men. GTCs include (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which may modulate the molecular pathways implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. Prior studies of GTCs suggested that they are bioavailable, safe, and effective for modulating clinical and biological markers implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. GTCs may be of particular benefit to those with low-grade PCas typically managed with careful monitoring via active surveillance (AS). Though AS is recommended, it has limitations including potential under-grading, variations in eligibility, and anxiety reported by men while on AS. Secondary chemoprevention of low-grade PCas using GTCs may help address these limitations. When administrated orally, the gut microbiome enzymatically transforms GTC structure, altering its bioavailability, bioactivity, and toxicity. In addition to xenobiotic metabolism, the gut microbiome has multiple other physiological effects potentially involved in PCa progression, including regulating inflammation, hormones, and other known/unknown pathways. Therefore, it is important to consider not only the independent roles of GTCs and the gut microbiome in the context of PCa chemoprevention, but how gut microbes may relate to individual responses to GTCs, which, in turn, can enhance clinical decision-making.
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- 2022
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12. Quantitative perfusion imaging of neoplastic liver lesions: A multi-institution study
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Shivani Pahwa, Hao Liu, Yong Chen, Sara Dastmalchian, Gregory O’Connor, Ziang Lu, Chaitra Badve, Alice Yu, Katherine Wright, Hamid Chalian, Shengxiang Rao, Caixia Fu, Ignacio Vallines, Mark Griswold, Nicole Seiberlich, Mengsu Zeng, and Vikas Gulani
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract We describe multi-institutional experience using free-breathing, 3D Spiral GRAPPA-based quantitative perfusion MRI in characterizing neoplastic liver masses. 45 patients (age: 48–72 years) were prospectively recruited at University Hospitals, Cleveland, USA on a 3 Tesla (T) MRI, and at Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China on a 1.5 T MRI. Contrast-enhanced volumetric T1-weighted images were acquired and a dual-input single-compartment model used to derive arterial fraction (AF), distribution volume (DV) and mean transit time (MTT) for the lesions and normal parenchyma. The measurements were compared using two-tailed Student’s t-test, with Bonferroni correction applied for multiple-comparison testing. 28 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 17 metastatic lesions were evaluated. No significant difference was noted in perfusion parameters of normal liver parenchyma and neoplastic masses at two centers (p = 0.62 for AF, 0.015 for DV, 0.42 for MTT for HCC, p = 0.13 for AF, 0.97 for DV, 0.78 for MTT for metastases). There was statistically significant difference in AF, DV, and MTT of metastases and AF and DV of HCC compared to normal liver parenchyma (p
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- 2018
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13. Presence of lymphocytic infiltrate cytotoxic T lymphocyte CD3+, CD8+, and immunoscore as prognostic marker in patients after radical cystectomy.
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Alice Yu, Jose Joao Mansure, Shraddha Solanki, D Robert Siemens, Madhuri Koti, Ana B T Dias, Miguel M Burnier, Fadi Brimo, and Wassim Kassouf
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) has been shown to be essential to predict disease outcome in several types of cancers. Moreover, the distribution of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+) and T cells in general (CD3+) have been used to establish an Immunoscore, as a new cancer prognosticator for survival in colon and lung cancer. In bladder cancer, immune activation has been shown to be associated with genomic subtypes of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We sought to evaluate the prognostic impact of these immune cell types in MIBC patients treated with radical cystectomy. For this purpose, cystectomy sections (n = 67) with identifiable invasive margin were selected and stained for CD8+ and CD3+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); both tumor core (CT) and invasive margin (IM) were assessed. Immunoscore was calculated based on previously defined criteria and used to illustrate differences in survival. High density of CD8IM TILs was associated with better disease-free (DFS) (P = 0.01) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.02) whereas CD3IM TILs were associated with better OS (P = 0.05). Immunoscore was associated with improved DFS (P = 0.02) and OS (P = 0.05). The expression of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) in TCGA bladder cancer was also investigated from RNA-Seq profiles of 344 cases. T cell cytotoxicity associated genes (n = 113) were derived from MSig GSEA database. Luminal (n = 121) and basal (n = 68) samples were used to evaluate expression differences. Differential expression (P
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- 2018
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14. Data for transcriptomic and iTRAQ proteomic analysis of Anguilla japonica gills in response to osmotic stress
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William Ka Fai Tse, Jin Sun, Huoming Zhang, Keng Po Lai, Jie Gu, Alice Yu Sheung Law, Bonnie Ho Yee Yeung, Sheung Ching Chow, Jian-Wen Qiu, and Chris Kong Chu Wong
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
This article contains data related to the two research articles titled Transcriptomic and iTRAQ proteomic approaches reveal novel short-term hyperosmotic stress responsive proteins in the gill of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) (Tse et al. [1]) and iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals acute hypo-osmotic responsive proteins in the gills of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) (Tse et al. [2]). The two research articles show the usefulness of combining transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to provide molecular insights of osmoregulation mechanism in a non-model organism, the Japanese eel. The information presented here combines the raw data from the two studies and provides an overview on the physiological functions of fish gills.
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- 2015
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15. High cardiovascular mortality risk among older merkel cell carcinoma patients
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Huang, Jia-nan, Yu, Hai, Xia, Xichun, Ming, Wai-kit, Wu, Shuai, Cheng, Leong Nga, ALice yu ying, Lee., Zhang, Jinrong, Jiang, Yuzhen, Chen, Wenhui, Zhao, Qiqi, Lyu, Jun, and Deng, Liehua
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- 2024
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16. Evidence for a common evolutionary rate in metazoan transcriptional networks
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Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis, Tina Wang, Dylan Skola, Alice Yu, Jonathan Chen, Jason F Kreisberg, and Trey Ideker
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transcription ,transcription factor binding ,evolution ,genome evolution ,comparative genomics ,cis-regulatory sequences ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Genome sequences diverge more rapidly in mammals than in other animal lineages, such as birds or insects. However, the effect of this rapid divergence on transcriptional evolution remains unclear. Recent reports have indicated a faster divergence of transcription factor binding in mammals than in insects, but others found the reverse for mRNA expression. Here, we show that these conflicting interpretations resulted from differing methodologies. We performed an integrated analysis of transcriptional network evolution by examining mRNA expression, transcription factor binding and cis-regulatory motifs across >25 animal species, including mammals, birds and insects. Strikingly, we found that transcriptional networks evolve at a common rate across the three animal lineages. Furthermore, differences in rates of genome divergence were greatly reduced when restricting comparisons to chromatin-accessible sequences. The evolution of transcription is thus decoupled from the global rate of genome sequence evolution, suggesting that a small fraction of the genome regulates transcription.
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- 2015
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17. Possibilities of Differentiated Approach Implementation into Disadvantaged Children’s Legal Instruction
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Alice Yu. Kolomiets
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disadvantaged families ,differentiated approach ,legal culture ,educational technology ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The article is focused on differentiated approach to disadvantaged children’s legal culture development. Special attention is attached to disadvantaged families and different approaches to schoolchildren’s legal culture development and differentiated approach.
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- 2012
18. Altered arterial stiffness and subendocardial viability ratio in young healthy light smokers after acute exercise.
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Robert J Doonan, Patrick Scheffler, Alice Yu, Giordano Egiziano, Andrew Mutter, Simon Bacon, Franco Carli, Marios E Daskalopoulos, and Stella S Daskalopoulou
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundStudies showed that long-standing smokers have stiffer arteries at rest. However, the effect of smoking on the ability of the vascular system to respond to increased demands (physical stress) has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of smoking on arterial stiffness and subendocardial viability ratio, at rest and after acute exercise in young healthy individuals.Methods/resultsHealthy light smokers (n = 24, pack-years = 2.9) and non-smokers (n = 53) underwent pulse wave analysis and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurements at rest, and 2, 5, 10, and 15 minutes following an exercise test to exhaustion. Smokers were tested, 1) after 12h abstinence from smoking (chronic condition) and 2) immediately after smoking one cigarette (acute condition). At rest, chronic smokers had higher augmentation index and lower aortic pulse pressure than non-smokers, while subendocardial viability ratio was not significantly different. Acute smoking increased resting augmentation index and decreased subendocardial viability ratio compared with non-smokers, and decreased subendocardial viability ratio compared with the chronic condition. After exercise, subendocardial viability ratio was lower, and augmentation index and aortic pulse pressure were higher in non-smokers than smokers in the chronic and acute conditions. cfPWV rate of recovery of was greater in non-smokers than chronic smokers after exercise. Non-smokers were also able to achieve higher workloads than smokers in both conditions.ConclusionChronic and acute smoking appears to diminish the vascular response to physical stress. This can be seen as an impaired 'vascular reserve' or a blunted ability of the blood vessels to accommodate the changes required to achieve higher workloads. These changes were noted before changes in arterial stiffness or subendocardial viability ratio occurred at rest. Even light smoking in young healthy individuals appears to have harmful effects on vascular function, affecting the ability of the vascular bed to respond to increased demands.
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- 2011
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19. The Zhou identity : its construction, perception and development in the early Western Zhou (1045-978 B.C.)
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Cheng, Alice Yu and Rawson, Jessica
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931 - Abstract
This thesis investigates how the collective "Zhou identity" was formulated and experienced by various groups of people living in the Zhou territory at the beginning of the Western Zhou period, from the reign of King Wu to King Kang (1045-978 B.C.). It examines a wide range of archaeological materials including bronze ritual vessels, bronze weapons and ceramics from sites either under the Zhou court's direct control, or those whose occupants had political ties with the court. It analyzes and presents the data using distribution maps, quantitative tables and inventories, as well as visual analyses. The Zhou identity is the individuals' experience of participating in the Zhou military, ritual and dietary system so that the individuals project themselves as an integral part of those systems. In examining the Zhou identity, two main questions are addressed. First, what policies did the Zhou court of the early Western Zhou period initiate to establish and promote a Zhou identity? Second, how effective were these policies? The central court established a royal Zhou military, ritual and dietary system, requiring participants to use the same weapon to fight in the same way, and to use the same ritual set to perform rituals in the same way, as well as to use the same ceramic set to cook and eat in the same way. When inhabitants join these systems, they would visually and behaviorally become a Zhou member, therefore experiencing and embodying the Zhou identity in the military, ritual or dietary context. However, these measures of the Zhou court were not entirely effective; many did not participate, or engage fully, in some or all of the new systems. Their experience of the Zhou identity was situational, contextual and not permanent.
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- 2018
20. A Conjoint Test for Testing the Equality of Mean and Variability in a One-Way ANOVA Layout.
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Tam, Alice Yu-Wen and Wisenbaker, Joseph M.
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The robustness with respect to Type I error and the power of a proposed test statistic in testing the conjoint hypotheses of mean and variability equality were examined in this simulation study. The conjoint test utilizes the maximum p-value from separate tests of equality of means and equality of variability as its p-value to control the Type I error rates. The number of groups (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10), number of subjects per group (10, 20, 40 and 80), and distribution shapes (4) were manipulated. Data with equal means and equal variances, equal means and unequal variances, and unequal means and equal variances were simulated to obtain the Type I error rates; whereas data with unequal means and unequal variances were simulated to obtain the empirical power. Results showed that the conjoint test yielded low Type I error under all three conditions across the manipulated variables. The conjoint test provided "reasonable" power when the sample size per group was large. An appendix presents a sample computer program for the analysis. (Contains five references and seven tables.) (Author/SLD)
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- 1996
21. Antegrade administration of mitomycin gel for upper tract urothelial carcinoma via percutaneous nephrostomy tube: a <scp>multi‐institutional</scp> retrospective cohort study
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Kyle M. Rose, Gopal Narang, Geoffrey Rosen, Craig Labatte, Catalina I. Dumitrascu, Justin Campagna, Alice Yu, Brandon J. Manley, Phillippe E. Spiess, Roger Li, Mehrad Adibi, Katie S. Murray, Wade J. Sexton, and Mitchell R. Humphreys
- Subjects
Urology - Abstract
To assess the safety profile of antegrade mitomycin gel instillation through a percutaneous nephrostomy tube (PCNT) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) with the aim of decreasing morbidity associated with therapy.Patients undergoing antegrade administration of mitomycin gel via PCNT were retrospectively included for analysis from four tertiary referral centres between 2020 and 2022. The primary outcome was safety profile, as graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (v5.0). Post-therapy disease burden was assessed by primary disease evaluation (PDE) via ureteroscopy.Thirty-two patients received at least one dose of mitomycin gel via PCNT for UTUC, 29 of whom completed induction and underwent PDE. Thirteen patients (41%) had residual tumour present prior to induction therapy. At a median of 15.0 months following first dose of induction therapy, ureteric stenosis occurred in three patients (9%), all of whom were treated without later recurrence or chronic stenosis. Other adverse events included fatigue (27%), flank pain (19%), urinary tract infection (12%), sepsis (8%) and haematuria (8%). No patients had impaired renal function during follow-up and there were no treatment-related deaths. Seventeen patients (59%) had no evidence of disease at PDE and have not experienced recurrence at a median follow-up of 13.0 months post induction.Administration of mitomycin gel via a PCNT offers a low rate of ureteric stenosis, demonstrates a favourable safety profile, and is administered without general anaesthesia.
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- 2022
22. Identifying and overcoming barriers to participation of minority populations in clinical trials: Lessons learned from the <scp>V</scp> an <scp>DAAM</scp> study
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Angelina K. C. Fink, Amanda C. DeRenzis, Shivanshu Awasthi, Nawreen Jahan, Peter A. S. Johnstone, Julio Pow‐Sang, Javier Torres‐Roca, Daniel Grass, Daniel Fernandez, Arash Naghavi, Susan Tan, Brandon Manley, Roger Li, Michael Poch, Alice Yu, Nikki Little, Eppie Bass, Cesar E. Ercole, Evangelia Katsoulakis, Ryan Burri, Riley Smith, Nathanael B. Stanley, Susan T. Vadaparampil, and Kosj Yamoah
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Oncology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Abstract
Participation in cancer research trials by minority populations is imperative in reducing disparities in clinical outcomes. Even with increased awareness of the importance of minority patient inclusion in clinical research to improve cancer care and survival, significant barriers persist in accruing and retaining minority patients into clinical trials. This study sought to identify and address barriers to minority accrual to a minimal risk clinical research study in real-time.
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- 2022
23. List of SCC SUVmax correlated genes from GFPT2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Mediate Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma
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Sylvia K. Plevritis, Sandy Napel, Matt van de Rijn, Viswam Nair, Robert B. West, Andrew Quon, Maximilian Diehn, Andrew J. Gentles, Shaimaa Bakr, Kelsey Ayers, Joseph B. Shrager, Mehran Jamali, Majid Shafiq, Alice Yu, Gina Bouchard, and Weiruo Zhang
- Abstract
This supplement file contains the identified SUVmax correlated genes in the lung squamous cell carcinoma patients in the RG cohort.
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- 2023
24. List of AD SUVmax-correlated genes from GFPT2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Mediate Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma
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Sylvia K. Plevritis, Sandy Napel, Matt van de Rijn, Viswam Nair, Robert B. West, Andrew Quon, Maximilian Diehn, Andrew J. Gentles, Shaimaa Bakr, Kelsey Ayers, Joseph B. Shrager, Mehran Jamali, Majid Shafiq, Alice Yu, Gina Bouchard, and Weiruo Zhang
- Abstract
This supplement file contains the identified SUVmax correlated genes in the lung adenocarcinoma patients in the RG cohort.
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- 2023
25. De-identified ID of the patients included in the RG cohort from GFPT2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Mediate Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma
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Sylvia K. Plevritis, Sandy Napel, Matt van de Rijn, Viswam Nair, Robert B. West, Andrew Quon, Maximilian Diehn, Andrew J. Gentles, Shaimaa Bakr, Kelsey Ayers, Joseph B. Shrager, Mehran Jamali, Majid Shafiq, Alice Yu, Gina Bouchard, and Weiruo Zhang
- Abstract
This supplement file contains a list of de-identified IDs of the patients included in the RG cohort data available online.
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- 2023
26. DEGs between AD and SCC from GFPT2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Mediate Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma
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Sylvia K. Plevritis, Sandy Napel, Matt van de Rijn, Viswam Nair, Robert B. West, Andrew Quon, Maximilian Diehn, Andrew J. Gentles, Shaimaa Bakr, Kelsey Ayers, Joseph B. Shrager, Mehran Jamali, Majid Shafiq, Alice Yu, Gina Bouchard, and Weiruo Zhang
- Abstract
This supplement file contains the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients.
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- 2023
27. Supplement material descriptions and Figure S1-S7 and Table S1-S3 from GFPT2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Mediate Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma
- Author
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Sylvia K. Plevritis, Sandy Napel, Matt van de Rijn, Viswam Nair, Robert B. West, Andrew Quon, Maximilian Diehn, Andrew J. Gentles, Shaimaa Bakr, Kelsey Ayers, Joseph B. Shrager, Mehran Jamali, Majid Shafiq, Alice Yu, Gina Bouchard, and Weiruo Zhang
- Abstract
This supplement file provides additional information and analysis descriptions to the main manuscript ordered as in which they appear in the main text. This supplement file also provides general descriptions and overview to all the supplement materials included. This supplement file also includes Figure S1-S7 and Table S1-S3.
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- 2023
28. Data from GFPT2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Mediate Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma
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Sylvia K. Plevritis, Sandy Napel, Matt van de Rijn, Viswam Nair, Robert B. West, Andrew Quon, Maximilian Diehn, Andrew J. Gentles, Shaimaa Bakr, Kelsey Ayers, Joseph B. Shrager, Mehran Jamali, Majid Shafiq, Alice Yu, Gina Bouchard, and Weiruo Zhang
- Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment is recognized as a cancer hallmark. To identify new molecular processes associated with tumor metabolism, we analyzed the transcriptome of bulk and flow-sorted human primary non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) together with 18FDG-PET scans, which provide a clinical measure of glucose uptake. Tumors with higher glucose uptake were functionally enriched for molecular processes associated with invasion in adenocarcinoma and cell growth in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Next, we identified genes correlated to glucose uptake that were predominately overexpressed in a single cell–type comprising the tumor microenvironment. For SCC, most of these genes were expressed by malignant cells, whereas in adenocarcinoma, they were predominately expressed by stromal cells, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Among these adenocarcinoma genes correlated to glucose uptake, we focused on glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2), which codes for the glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 2 (GFAT2), a rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which is responsible for glycosylation. GFPT2 was predictive of glucose uptake independent of GLUT1, the primary glucose transporter, and was prognostically significant at both gene and protein level. We confirmed that normal fibroblasts transformed to CAF-like cells, following TGFβ treatment, upregulated HBP genes, including GFPT2, with less change in genes driving glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and TCA cycle. Our work provides new evidence of histology-specific tumor stromal properties associated with glucose uptake in NSCLC and identifies GFPT2 as a critical regulator of tumor metabolic reprogramming in adenocarcinoma.Significance: These findings implicate the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway as a potential new therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3445–57. ©2018 AACR.
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- 2023
29. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. in retail shrimp in Northern California.
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Hirshfeld, Brady, Lavelle, Kurtis, Katie Yen Lee, Atwill, Edward Robert, Kiang, David, Bolkenov, Bakytzhan, Gaa, Megan, Zhirong Li, Alice Yu, Xunde Li, and Xiang Yang
- Subjects
ENTEROCOCCUS ,VIBRIO parahaemolyticus ,DRUG resistance in microorganisms ,VIBRIO ,WHOLE genome sequencing ,SHRIMPS ,MICROBIAL sensitivity tests - Abstract
Shrimp is one of the most consumed seafood products globally. Antimicrobial drugs play an integral role in disease mitigation in aquaculture settings, but their prevalent use raises public health concerns on the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Vibrio spp., as the most common causative agents of seafood-borne infections in humans, and Enterococcus spp., as an indicator organism, are focal bacteria of interest for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in seafood. In this study, 400 samples of retail shrimp were collected from randomly selected grocery stores in the Greater Sacramento, California, area between September 2019 and June 2020. The prevalence of Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. was 60.25% (241/400) and 89.75% (359/400), respectively. Subsamples of Vibrio (n = 110) and Enterococcus (n = 110) isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Vibrio isolates had high phenotypic resistance to ampicillin (52/110, 47.27%) and cefoxitin (39/110, 35.45%). Enterococcus were most frequently resistant to lincomycin (106/110, 96.36%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (96/110, 87.27%), ciprofloxacin (93/110, 84.55%), linezolid (86/110, 78.18%), and erythromycin (58/110, 52.73%). For both Vibrio and Enterococcus, no significant associations were observed between multidrug resistance (MDR, resistance to ≥3 drug classes) in isolates from farm raised and wild caught shrimp (p > 0.05) and in isolates of domestic and imported origin (p > 0.05). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of a subset of Vibrio isolates (n = 42) speciated isolates as primarily V. metschnikovii (24/42; 57.14%) and V. parahaemolyticus (12/42; 28.57%), and detected 27 unique antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) across these isolates, most commonly qnrVC6 (19.05%, 8/42), dfrA31 (11.90%, 5/42), dfrA6 (9.5%, 4/42), qnrVC1 (9.5%, 4/42). Additionally, WGS predicted phenotypic resistance in Vibrio isolates with an overall sensitivity of 11.54% and specificity of 96.05%. This study provides insights on the prevalence and distribution of AMR in Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. from retail shrimp in California which are important for food safety and public health and exemplifies the value of surveillance in monitoring the spread of AMR and its genetic determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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30. Outcomes from Partner2Lose: a randomized controlled trial to evaluate 24-month weight loss in a partner-assisted intervention
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Corrine I. Voils, Ryan J. Shaw, Kara L. Gavin, Scott J. Hetzel, Megan A. Lewis, Samantha Pabich, Heather M. Johnson, Felix Elwert, Lu Mao, Kristen E. Gray, Alice Yuroff, Katya Garza, William S. Yancy, and Laura S. Porter
- Subjects
Obesity ,Randomized controlled trial ,Behavior therapies ,Social support ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Partner support is associated with better weight loss outcomes in observational studies, but randomized trials show mixed results for including partners. Unclear is whether teaching communication skills to couples will improve weight loss in a person attempting weight loss (index participant). Purpose To compare the efficacy of a partner-assisted intervention versus participant-only weight management program on 24-month weight loss. Methods This community-based study took place in Madison, WI. Index participants were eligible if they met obesity guideline criteria to receive weight loss counseling, were aged 18–74 years, lived with a partner, and had no medical contraindications to weight loss; partners were aged 18–74 years and not underweight. Couples were randomized 1:1 to a partner-assisted or participant-only intervention. Index participants in both arms received an evidence-based weight management program. In the partner-assisted arm, partners attended half of the intervention sessions, and couples were trained in communication skills. The primary outcome was index participant weight at 24 months, assessed by masked personnel; secondary outcomes were 24-month self-reported caloric intake and average daily steps assessed by an activity tracker. General linear mixed models were used to compare group differences in these outcomes following intent-to-treat principles. Results Among couples assigned to partner-assisted (n = 115) or participant-only intervention (n = 116), most index participants identified as female (67%) and non-Hispanic White (87%). Average baseline age was 47.27 years (SD 11.51 years) and weight was 106.55 kg (SD 19.41 kg). The estimated mean 24-month weight loss was similar in the partner-assisted (2.66 kg) and participant-only arms (2.89 kg) (estimated mean difference, 0.23 kg [95% CI, -1.58, 2.04 kg], p=0.80). There were no differences in 24-month average daily caloric intake (estimated mean difference 50 cal [95% CI: -233, 132 cal], p=0.59) or steps (estimated mean difference 806 steps [95% CI: -1675, 64 steps], p=0.07). The percentage of participants reporting an adverse event with at least possible attribution to the intervention did not differ by arm (partner-assisted: 9%, participant-only, 3%, p = 0.11). Conclusions Partner-assisted and individual weight management interventions led to similar outcomes in index participants. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03801174, January 11, 2019.
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- 2024
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31. Abstract 3246: Targeting Syk reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and enhances responses to immune checkpoint blockade and radiation therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma
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Deepak Rohila, In Hwan Park, Timothy Pham, Riley Jones, Pablo Tamayo, Alice Yu, Andrew Sharabi, and Shweta Joshi
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Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children. As leading regulators of inflammation and tumor progression, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) have gained major interest as immunotherapeutic targets in NB. Hence targeting or “re-educating” tumorigenic macrophages towards an immunostimulatory phenotype might improve responses to immunotherapy in this childhood cancer. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) has recently been identified by our group as a novel immune-oncology target. We found that Syk is abundantly present in TAMs infiltrated in MYCN and non-MYCN amplified neuroblastoma tumors. Furthermore, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Syk markedly impaired neuroblastoma tumor growth. This effect was facilitated by macrophages that became immunogenic in the absence of Syk, skewing the suppressive tumor microenvironment towards immunostimulation and activating antitumor immune responses. Moreover, combining Syk inhibitor, R788 along with anti-PDL1 mAb and radiation provided a synergistic effect leading to complete tumor regression and durable anti-tumor immunity in aggressive MYCN-and non-MYCN-driven murine neuroblastoma tumor models. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the importance of Syk inhibitor, R788, in enhancing the anti-tumor immune responses in NB and support the clinical evaluation of R788 either alone or together with radiation and immune check point inhibitors as a potential treatment strategy for NB. Citation Format: Deepak Rohila, In Hwan Park, Timothy Pham, Riley Jones, Pablo Tamayo, Alice Yu, Andrew Sharabi, Shweta Joshi. Targeting Syk reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and enhances responses to immune checkpoint blockade and radiation therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3246.
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- 2023
32. Alcohol Exerts a Shifted U-Shaped Effect on Central Blood Pressure in Young Adults
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Alexandra B. Cooke, Robert J. Doonan, Alice Yu, Patrick Scheffler, and Stella S. Daskalopoulou
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Blood Pressure ,Alcohol ,Lower risk ,01 natural sciences ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Central blood pressure ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,Young adult ,Prospective cohort study ,Original Research ,Aged ,business.industry ,010102 general mathematics ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Blood pressure ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Arterial stiffness ,Cardiology ,Female ,business ,Alcohol consumption - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Consumption of 1–2 alcoholic beverages daily has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older adults. Central blood pressure has emerged as a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than peripheral blood pressure. However, the effects of habitual alcohol consumption on central blood pressure particularly in young adults, who are among the largest consumers of alcohol in North America, have yet to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the effect of alcohol consumption on central and peripheral blood pressure, and arterial stiffness in young adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. MAIN MEASURES: Using a standardized questionnaire, alcohol consumption (drinks/week) was queried; participants were classified as non- (< 2), light (2–6), moderate (women 7–9, men 7–14), and heavy drinkers (women > 9, men > 14). Central blood pressure and arterial stiffness were measured using applanation tonometry. KEY RESULTS: We recruited 153 healthy, non-smoking, non-obese individuals. We found a U-shaped effect of alcohol consumption on blood pressure. Light drinkers had significantly lower central systolic and mean arterial blood pressure, but not peripheral blood pressure when compared to non- and moderate/heavy drinkers (P < 0.05). No significant associations with arterial stiffness parameters were noted. CONCLUSIONS: A U-shaped relationship was found between alcohol consumption and central and mean arterial blood pressure in young individuals, which importantly, was shifted towards lower levels of alcohol consumption than currently suggested. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that examines the effect of alcohol consumption on central blood pressure and arterial stiffness exclusively in young individuals. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the relationships observed herein. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11606-021-06665-0.
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- 2021
33. Reconstructing codependent cellular cross-talk in lung adenocarcinoma using REMI
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Alice Yu, Yuanyuan Li, Irene Li, Michael G. Ozawa, Christine Yeh, Aaron E. Chiou, Winston L. Trope, Jonathan Taylor, Joseph Shrager, and Sylvia K. Plevritis
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Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Cellular cross-talk in tissue microenvironments is fundamental to normal and pathological biological processes. Global assessment of cell-cell interactions (CCIs) is not yet technically feasible, but computational efforts to reconstruct these interactions have been proposed. Current computational approaches that identify CCI often make the simplifying assumption that pairwise interactions are independent of one another, which can lead to reduced accuracy. We present REMI (REgularized Microenvironment Interactome), a graph-based algorithm that predicts ligand-receptor (LR) interactions by accounting for LR dependencies on high-dimensional, small–sample size datasets. We apply REMI to reconstruct the human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) interactome from a bulk flow-sorted RNA sequencing dataset, then leverage single-cell transcriptomics data to increase the cell type resolution and identify LR prognostic signatures among tumor-stroma-immune subpopulations. We experimentally confirmed colocalization of CTGF:LRP6 among malignant cell subtypes as an interaction predicted to be associated with LUAD progression. Our work presents a computational approach to reconstruct interactomes and identify clinically relevant CCIs.
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- 2022
34. Examining inequities associated with incarceration among breast cancer patients
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Yoshiko Iwai, Alice Yunzi L. Yu, Samantha M. Thomas, Tyler Jones, Kelly E. Westbrook, Andrea K. Knittel, and Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Breast cancer treatment patterns and quality of care among patients experiencing incarceration are underexplored. This study examined associations between incarceration and breast cancer disease and treatment characteristics. Methods This retrospective analysis was conducted at a tertiary center in the Southeastern United States that serves as the state's safety‐net hospital and primary referral site for the state's prisons. All patients ≥18 years diagnosed with breast cancer between 4/14/2014–12/30/2020 were included. Incarceration status was determined through electronic health record review. Linear regression was used to estimate the association of incarceration with time to treatment. Unadjusted overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank tests to compare groups. Results Of the 4329 patients included, 30 (0.7%) were incarcerated at the time of diagnosis or treatment (DI) and 4299 (99.3%) had no incarceration history (NI). Compared to patients who were NI, patients who were DI were younger (p
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- 2024
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35. Cohort profile: migraine exposures and cardiovascular health in Hong Kong Chinese women (MECH-HK)
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Lin Yang, Qi Sun, Jing Qin, Harry Haoxiang Wang, Yao Jie Xie, Chun Hao, Qingling Yang, and Alice Yuen Loke
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Medicine - Abstract
Purpose Evidence about the associations of migraine features with cardiovascular risk profiles in Chinese population is lacking. The Migraine Exposures and Cardiovascular Health in Hong Kong Chinese Women (MECH-HK) cohort was constructed to investigate longitudinal migraine features and their cardiovascular implications in Hong Kong Chinese women.Participants We enrolled 4221 Hong Kong Chinese women aged 30 years or above from October 2019 to December 2020. Demographics, reproductive information, lifestyle factors, disease history, blood lipids and glucose, anthropometrics and body compositions were measured during baseline and follow-up. Migraine diagnosis followed the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria. Migraine features were longitudinally tracked using a migraine diary and summarised by a wide range of epidemiological metrics. Cardiovascular health was assessed using the Framingham risk score (FRS).Findings to date From October 2021 to June 2023, 3455 women completed the first follow-up measurement. The retention rate was 81.9%. The average age at baseline was 54.40 years. The mean blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 6.44 mmol/L, 65.06 mg/dL and 102.40 mg/dL, respectively. The average FRS was 0.06. Participants had a 10.3% prevalence of migraine or probable migraine. After 1.27 years of follow-up, the median migraine attack frequency was 0.99 attacks/month, with an incidence rate of 2.55 attacks/person-month and a median duration of 7.70 hours/attack. Sleep problems (64.7%) and stress (54.0%) were the top triggers, while prevalent accompanying symptoms were nausea (67.4%), photophobia (39.9%), phonophobia (30.0%) and vomiting (26.2%). Migraine auras included blurred visions (59.6%), flashing lights (41.3%), blind spots (33.0%), pins and needles (6.4%) and halo (1.8%).Future plans The follow-up for the cohort will be implemented every 2 years. MECH-HK will provide unique longitudinal data on migraine features in Hong Kong women. The linkage between migraine features and cardiovascular disease risk progression will be identified by a long-term observation.
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- 2024
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36. Improved Outcome in Children With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Neuroblastoma Treated With Chemoimmunotherapy: Updated Results of a Phase II Study Using hu14.18K322A
- Author
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Wayne L. Furman, Beth McCarville, Barry L. Shulkin, Andrew Davidoff, Matthew Krasin, Chia-Wei Hsu, Haitao Pan, Jianrong Wu, Rachel Brennan, Michael W. Bishop, Sara Helmig, Elizabeth Stewart, Fariba Navid, Brandon Triplett, Victor Santana, Teresa Santiago, Jacquelyn A. Hank, Stephen D. Gillies, Alice Yu, Paul M. Sondel, Wing H. Leung, Alberto Pappo, and Sara M. Federico
- Subjects
Male ,Cancer Research ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Risk Assessment ,Antibodies ,Neuroblastoma ,Rare Diseases ,Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ,Clinical Research ,Risk Factors ,Monoclonal ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Humans ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Prospective Studies ,Preschool ,Child ,Humanized ,6.2 Cellular and gene therapies ,Cancer ,Pediatric ,Neurosciences ,Age Factors ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ,Infant ,ORIGINAL REPORTS ,Induction Chemotherapy ,Progression-Free Survival ,Tumor Burden ,Immunological ,Oncology ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Child, Preschool ,Interleukin-2 ,Female - Abstract
PURPOSEWe evaluated whether combining a humanized antidisialoganglioside monoclonal antibody (hu14.18K322A) throughout therapy improves early response and outcomes in children with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe conducted a prospective, single-arm, three-stage, phase II clinical trial. Six cycles of induction chemotherapy were coadministered with hu14.18K322A, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2). The consolidation regimen included busulfan and melphalan. When available, an additional cycle of parent-derived natural killer cells with hu14.18K322A was administered during consolidation (n = 31). Radiation therapy was administered at the end of consolidation. Postconsolidation treatment included hu14.18K322A, GM-CSF, IL-2, and isotretinoin. Early response was assessed after the first two cycles of induction therapy. End-of-induction response, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.RESULTSSixty-four patients received hu14.18K322A with induction chemotherapy. This regimen was well tolerated, with continuous infusion narcotics. Partial responses (PRs) or better after the first two chemoimmunotherapy cycles occurred in 42 of 63 evaluable patients (66.7%; 95% CI, 55.0 to 78.3). Primary tumor volume decreased by a median of 75% (range, 100% [complete disappearance]-5% growth). Median peak hu14.18K322A serum levels in cycle one correlated with early response to therapy ( P = .0154, one-sided t-test). Sixty of 62 patients (97%) had an end-of-induction partial response or better. No patients experienced progressive disease during induction. The 3-year EFS was 73.7% (95% CI, 60.0 to 83.4), and the OS was 86.0% (95% CI, 73.8 to 92.8), respectively.CONCLUSIONAdding hu14.18K322A to induction chemotherapy improved early objective responses, significantly reduced tumor volumes in most patients, improved end-of-induction response rates, and yielded an encouraging 3-year EFS. These results, if validated in a larger study, may be practice changing.
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- 2021
37. Clinical Indications for Necessary and Discretionary Hospital Readmissions after Radical Cystectomy
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Roger Li, Richard R. Reich, Salim Cheriyan, Logan Zemp, Michael A. Poch, Wade J. Sexton, Alice Yu, Ahmet M. Aydin, Biwei Cao, Scott M. Gilbert, and Ali Hajiran
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Aftercare ,Cystectomy ,Patient Readmission ,Article ,Gastrointestinal complications ,Postoperative Complications ,Medicine ,Humans ,Retrospective Studies ,Urinary Bladder Cancer ,business.industry ,General surgery ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Patient Discharge ,Oncology ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Failure to thrive ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Insurance coverage - Abstract
BACKGROUND: To assess predictors, indicators and medical necessity of readmissions after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy in order to identify opportunities for reducing readmission rates. METHODS: Records for patients treated with cisplatin-based NAC followed by radical cystectomy between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed for 90-day complications and readmission. Readmissions were classified as necessary vs. discretionary based on independent clinician review. The association between postoperative complications and necessary or discretionary readmission were examined with adjusted regression models. RESULTS: Among a total of 250 patients, 76 patients (30.4%) were readmitted within 90 days of surgery (19 discretionary and 57 necessary). Age, insurance coverage, and comorbidity were similar between readmitted and non-readmitted patients. Readmission was more likely after neobladder than ileal conduit (39% vs. 23%, p=0.02). Major (grade ≥ 3) complications within 90-day of surgery including index admission and post-discharge period were significantly more common among re-admitted patients compared to patients who were not readmitted (40% in necessary, 21% in discretionary, 3% in none, p
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- 2021
38. PD17-08 IMPACT OF SERIAL PROSTATE MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI ON TREATMENT FREE SURVIVAL IN MEN ON ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE
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Jeffrey Twum-Ampofo, Alberto C. Pieretti, Andrew Gusev, Adam S. Feldman, Alice Yu, Douglas M. Dahl, Florian Rumpf, Joshua Harvey, and Keyan Salari
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Urology ,Event free survival ,Multiparametric MRI ,equipment and supplies ,medicine.disease ,Prostate cancer ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Prostate ,Risk stratification ,medicine ,Radiology ,business ,human activities ,Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is increasingly utilized in the risk stratification of men with prostate cancer (PCa). During Active Surveilla...
- Published
- 2021
39. PD59-02 COMPLICATIONS, RECOVERY, AND PATIENT-REPORTED QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER RADICAL CYSTECTOMY
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Alice Yu, Richard R. Reich, Roger Li, Aymet Aydin, Logan Zemp, Michael A. Poch, Scott M. Gilbert, Ali Hajiran, Elizabeth Green, and Wade J. Sexton
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Cystectomy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,business.industry ,Urology ,General surgery ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,business - Published
- 2021
40. Reconstructing co-dependent cellular crosstalk in lung adenocarcinoma using REMI
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Michael G. Ozawa, Jonathan Taylor, Yuanyuan Li, Sylvia K. Plevritis, Aaron E. Chiou, Alice Yu, Christine J. Yeh, and Irene Li
- Subjects
Crosstalk (biology) ,Computer science ,medicine ,Adenocarcinoma ,Remi ,Leverage (statistics) ,Graph (abstract data type) ,Pairwise comparison ,Small sample ,Computational biology ,medicine.disease ,Interactome - Abstract
Cellular crosstalk in tissue microenvironments is fundamental to normal and pathological biological processes. Global assessment of cell-cell interactions (CCI) is not yet technically feasible, but computational efforts to reconstruct these interactions have been proposed. Current computational approaches that identify CCI often make the simplifying assumption that pairwise interactions are independent of one another, which can lead to reduced accuracy. We present REMI (REgularized Microenvironment Interactome), a graph-based algorithm that predicts ligand-receptor (LR) interactions by accounting for LR dependencies on high-dimensional, small sample size datasets. We apply REMI to reconstruct the human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) interactome from a bulk flow-sorted RNA-seq dataset, then leverage single-cell transcriptomics data to increase its resolution and identify LR prognostic signatures. We experimentally confirmed colocalization of CTGF:LRP6 as an interaction predicted to be associated with LUAD progression. Our work presents a novel way to reconstruct interactomes and a new approach to identify clinically-relevant cell-cell interactions.
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- 2021
41. Clinical assessment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a discrete choice experiment of patient preferences
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Marion Haas, Deborah J. Street, Susanna B. Park, Hannah C. Timmins, Philip Haywood, Rosalie Viney, Alison Pearce, Alice Yu, David Goldstein, Stephen Goodall, and Eva Battaglini
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pain medicine ,11 Medical and Health Sciences, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Breast Neoplasms ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,medicine ,Humans ,Clinical significance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,business.industry ,Nursing research ,Gold standard ,Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ,Patient Preference ,medicine.disease ,Peripheral neuropathy ,Oncology ,Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Physical therapy ,Quality of Life ,Female ,business - Abstract
PURPOSE: Up to 40% of cancer patients treated with neurotoxic chemotherapies experience chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Currently, there is no gold standard assessment tool for CIPN and there is little information in the literature on patient preferences for such assessments. This study aims to address this gap by identifying the features of a CIPN assessment tool that cancer patients value. METHODS: An online discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey of neurotoxic chemotherapy-treated patients was implemented. Respondents completed 8 choice questions each. In each choice question, they chose between two hypothetical CIPN assessment tools, each described by six attributes: impact on quality of life; level of nerve damage detected; questionnaire length; physical tests involved; impact on clinic time; impact on care. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 117 respondents who had a range of cancers of which breast cancer was the most common. Respondents favoured an assessment tool that includes a physical test and that asks about impact on quality of life. Respondents were strongly opposed to clinicians, alone, deciding how the results of a CIPN assessment might influence their care especially their chemotherapy treatment. They were concerned about small changes in their CIPN, independent of clinical relevance. Respondents were willing to add half an hour to the usual clinic time to accommodate the CIPN assessment. CONCLUSION: The findings of this DCE will assist clinicians in choosing an assessment tool for CIPN that is satisfactory to both clinician and patient.
- Published
- 2021
42. Segmental arterial mediolysis: a rare cause of abdominal pain masquerading as vasculitis
- Author
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Alice Yu, Julie J. Paik, Caoilfhionn M Connolly, and Philip Seo
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Abdominal pain ,Rheumatology ,business.industry ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Vasculitis ,medicine.disease ,Published Online Only ,Segmental arterial mediolysis - Published
- 2021
43. NAD + depletion by type I interferon signaling sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to NAMPT inhibition
- Author
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Amanda M. Dann, Alexandra M. Moore, Lei Zhou, Rana Riahi, Timothy R. Donahue, Razmik Ghukasyan, Thuc Le, Jing Cui, Kristina Pagano, David W. Dawson, Soumya Poddar, Caius G. Radu, Keke Liang, Alice Yu, Nanping Wu, Evan R. Abt, Nooneh Khachatourian, Luyi Li, Stephanie K. Kim, and Irmina A. Elliott
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,endocrine system diseases ,pancreatic cancer ,Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase ,Apoptosis ,Mice, SCID ,Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ,NAMPT ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mice, Inbred NOD ,Interferon ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ,Cancer ,Cultured ,Tumor ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,interferon ,Biological Sciences ,Tumor Cells ,Neoplasm Proteins ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Pancreatic Ductal ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Interferon Type I ,Cytokines ,Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ,Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ,Signal Transduction ,medicine.drug ,Poly ADP ribose polymerase ,SCID ,PARP ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,Pancreatic cancer ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cell Proliferation ,Neoplastic ,Cell growth ,Carcinoma ,NAD ,medicine.disease ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,digestive system diseases ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,Inbred NOD ,NAD+ kinase ,Digestive Diseases ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that intratumoral interferon (IFN) signaling can trigger targetable vulnerabilities. A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is its extensively reprogrammed metabolic network, in which nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its reduced form, NADH, are critical cofactors. Here, we show that IFN signaling, present in a subset of PDAC tumors, substantially lowers NAD(H) levels through up-regulating the expression of NAD-consuming enzymes PARP9, PARP10, and PARP14. Their individual contributions to this mechanism in PDAC have not been previously delineated. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway, a dominant source of NAD in cancer cells. We found that IFN-induced NAD consumption increased dependence upon NAMPT for its role in recycling NAM to salvage NAD pools, thus sensitizing PDAC cells to pharmacologic NAMPT inhibition. Their combination decreased PDAC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and suppressed orthotopic tumor growth and liver metastases in vivo.
- Published
- 2021
44. Biological analysis of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in animal meats from the Pearl River Delta, China
- Author
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Law, Alice Yu Sheung, Wei, Xi, Zhang, Xiaowei, Mak, Nak Ki, Cheung, Kwai Chung, Wong, Ming Hung, Giesy, John Paul, and Wong, Chris Kong Chu
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. COVID-19 in Canada: A self-assessment and review of preparedness and response
- Author
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Sylvia Kathirkamanathan, Serena Yuan, Andreea Murariu, Myles Ma, Adebisi Akande, Alice Yu, Sarah Ladha, and Sophia Prasad
- Subjects
Self-assessment ,medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Canada ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public health ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Viewpoints ,Health Planning ,Nursing ,Preparedness ,Government ,Medicine ,Humans ,Public Health ,Health planning ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,Pandemics ,Health policy - Published
- 2020
46. A human lung tumor microenvironment interactome identifies clinically relevant cell-type cross-talk
- Author
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Chuong D. Hoang, Matt van de Rijn, Sushama Varma, Viswam S. Nair, Sylvia K. Plevritis, Angela Bik-Yu Hui, Armon Azizi, Weiguo Feng, David A. Knowles, Ramesh V. Nair, Andrew J. Gentles, Amanda Kuong, Yue Xu, Erna Forgó, Robert B. West, Alborz Bejnood, Alice Yu, Maximilian Diehn, Youngtae Jeong, and Gina Bouchard
- Subjects
Cell signaling ,Cell type ,Stromal cell ,Lung Neoplasms ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Bioinformatics ,Cell ,Primary Cell Culture ,Cell Communication ,Biology ,Adenocarcinoma ,Interactome ,Cell Line ,Rare Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Information and Computing Sciences ,medicine ,Tumor Microenvironment ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Humans ,Aetiology ,Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Lung ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Cancer ,Tumor microenvironment ,Tumor ,Research ,Lung Cancer ,Carcinoma ,Receptor Cross-Talk ,Fibroblasts ,Biological Sciences ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Genetics ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Cell culture ,Cancer research ,Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Background Tumors comprise a complex microenvironment of interacting malignant and stromal cell types. Much of our understanding of the tumor microenvironment comes from in vitro studies isolating the interactions between malignant cells and a single stromal cell type, often along a single pathway. Result To develop a deeper understanding of the interactions between cells within human lung tumors, we perform RNA-seq profiling of flow-sorted malignant cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and bulk cells from freshly resected human primary non-small-cell lung tumors. We map the cell-specific differential expression of prognostically associated secreted factors and cell surface genes, and computationally reconstruct cross-talk between these cell types to generate a novel resource called the Lung Tumor Microenvironment Interactome (LTMI). Using this resource, we identify and validate a prognostically unfavorable influence of Gremlin-1 production by fibroblasts on proliferation of malignant lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also find a prognostically favorable association between infiltration of mast cells and less aggressive tumor cell behavior. Conclusion These results illustrate the utility of the LTMI as a resource for generating hypotheses concerning tumor-microenvironment interactions that may have prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
- Published
- 2020
47. Revisiting the role of lymph node dissection in renal cell carcinoma
- Author
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Michael L. Blute, Alice Yu, and Dimitar V. Zlatev
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,Text mining ,Renal cell carcinoma ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Lymph node ,Carcinoma, Renal Cell ,Neoplasm Staging ,Retrospective Studies ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Nephrectomy ,Kidney Neoplasms ,Dissection ,Editorial Commentary ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lymphatic Metastasis ,Female ,Lymph ,Radiology ,business ,Preoperative imaging - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To develop and externally validate a model that quantifies the likelihood that a pathologically node-negative in a patient with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) has, indeed, no Lymph node metastasis (LNM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from 1389 patients treated with radical nephrectomy (RN) and lymph node dissection (LND) were analyzed. For external validation, we used data from 2270 patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. We estimated the sensitivity of pathologic nodal staging using a beta-binomial model and developed a pathological nodal staging score (pNSS), which represents the probability that a patient is correctly staged as node-negative as a function of the number of examined lymph nodes (LNs). RESULTS: The mean and median number of LNs removed were 7.0 and 5.0 (standard deviation, SD: 6.6, interquartile range, IQR: 7.0) in the development cohort and 5.6 and 2.0 (SD: 8.6, IQR: 5.0) in the validation cohort, respectively. The probability of missing a positive LN decreased with increasing number of LNs examined. In both the validation and the development cohort, the number of LNs needed for correctly staging a patient as node negative increased with higher pathological tumor stage and Fuhrman Grade. CONCLUSIONS: The number of examined LNs needed for adequate nodal staging in cRCC depends on pathological tumor stage and Fuhrman grade. We developed here and then externally validated a pNSS, which could help to refine patients counseling, decision-making regarding risk stratified surveillance regimens and inclusion criteria for clinical trials of adjuvant therapy.
- Published
- 2019
48. Quantitative perfusion imaging of neoplastic liver lesions: A multi-institution study
- Author
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Nicole Seiberlich, Yong Chen, Mengsu Zeng, Ignacio Vallines, Hamid Chalian, Chaitra Badve, Ziang Lu, Alice Yu, Caixia Fu, Vikas Gulani, Sara Dastmalchian, Hao Liu, Shivani Pahwa, Mark A. Griswold, Sheng-Xiang Rao, Katherine L. Wright, and Gregory O'Connor
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,China ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Metastatic lesions ,Perfusion Imaging ,Science ,Contrast Media ,Article ,Liver mass ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Quantitative perfusion ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,0302 clinical medicine ,Parenchyma ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Aged ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Significant difference ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,University hospital ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Healthy Volunteers ,3. Good health ,Liver ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Feasibility Studies ,Medicine ,Female ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Perfusion - Abstract
We describe multi-institutional experience using free-breathing, 3D Spiral GRAPPA-based quantitative perfusion MRI in characterizing neoplastic liver masses. 45 patients (age: 48–72 years) were prospectively recruited at University Hospitals, Cleveland, USA on a 3 Tesla (T) MRI, and at Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China on a 1.5 T MRI. Contrast-enhanced volumetric T1-weighted images were acquired and a dual-input single-compartment model used to derive arterial fraction (AF), distribution volume (DV) and mean transit time (MTT) for the lesions and normal parenchyma. The measurements were compared using two-tailed Student’s t-test, with Bonferroni correction applied for multiple-comparison testing. 28 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 17 metastatic lesions were evaluated. No significant difference was noted in perfusion parameters of normal liver parenchyma and neoplastic masses at two centers (p = 0.62 for AF, 0.015 for DV, 0.42 for MTT for HCC, p = 0.13 for AF, 0.97 for DV, 0.78 for MTT for metastases). There was statistically significant difference in AF, DV, and MTT of metastases and AF and DV of HCC compared to normal liver parenchyma (p
- Published
- 2018
49. Contrast enhanced ultrasound guided biopsies of liver lesions not visualized on standard B-mode ultrasound—preliminary experience
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Sasan Partovi, Yasmine Ahmed, Indravadan Patel, Ziang Lu, Alice Yu, Nami Azar, Dean A. Nakamoto, and Rivka Kessner
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Concordance ,Ultrasound ,Gastroenterology ,Pathology Report ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Liver biopsy ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Original Article ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Pathological ,Contrast-enhanced ultrasound - Abstract
Background: To assess the technical success of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) guided biopsies of liver lesions poorly visualized on B-mode ultrasound. Methods: Patients were selected during the procedure based on the real-time clinical scenario of unsatisfactory B-mode ultrasound lesion visualization and all patients would have otherwise undergone CT guided liver lesion biopsy. A total of 26 patients underwent CEUS guided biopsy and were included in this retrospective analysis. The review of the patients’ files included demographic information, lesion characteristics on imaging, procedural details and pathology outcome. Technical success was defined as concordance between the radiological findings, pathology report and clinical follow-up—demonstrating lack of need for re-biopsy or re-biopsy with identical pathological results. Patients with less than 2 months follow-up were excluded from the study. Results: CEUS guided liver biopsy was successful in 23 out of 26 patients (88.5%). The average procedure time was 30.7±12.3 minutes and the average lesion size was 2.2±1.7 cm. The majority of lesions (80.8%) were hypoenhancing on the delayed phase of CEUS. The mean number of samples taken from each lesion per procedure was 3.2 (±1.7). Conclusions: CEUS guidance biopsies of focal liver lesions (FLL) that were difficult to visualize on B-mode ultrasound demonstrated high success rate and may be an evolving image guidance modality in selected patients to avoid CT guided procedures.
- Published
- 2017
50. Biological analysis of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in animal meats from the Pearl River Delta, China
- Author
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SHEUNG LAW, ALICE YU, WEI, XI, ZHANG, XIAOWEI, MAK, NAK KI, CHEUNG, KWAI CHUNG, WONG, MING HUNG, GIESY, JOHN PAUL, and CHU WONG, CHRIS KONG
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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