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Plasm levels of lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (APO) A-I, A-II, C-II, C-III, and E were analyzed in 180 young survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) ages 28 to 45 years and in 200 sex-and age-matched normal healthy subjects to assess the importance of apolipoprotein concentrations in comparison with lipoproteins in MI patients. In comparison with control subjects, MI patients showed marked increases in the following parameters: total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), very low density (VLDL) triglycerides, and cholesterol, and LDL-TG, apo B, apo C-III and apo E. There were no significant changes in levels of HDL3; cholesterol, apo A-II and apo C-II in these patients compared with their controls. Levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL2 cholesterol, and plasma apo A-I were markedly decreased in the young MI survivors' group demonstrated that the better discriminating lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in MI patients in descending order were HDL2 cholesterol, apo C-III, apo B, apo A-I, VLDL triglycerides and HDL cholesterol discriminated between patients and controls. Results indicate that measurement of apo C-III, B and A-I beside HDL2 cholesterol were shown to be of potential use in differentiating normal controls from patients with MI.