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Length-weight relationships (LWRs) and Fulton’s condition factor were estimated for two flatfishes, Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton, and Cynoglossus cynoglossus (Hamilton), from the Cox’s Bazar coast of Bangladesh. Sampling was done from September to November 2022 from the landing center of Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation. In this study, the maximum total length of C. cynoglossus (34.0 cm) is a new record for this species. The length-weight relationships for these two species were highly significant (P < 0.001) with adjusted r2 values of 0.918 and 0.927 for C. lingua and C. cynoglossus, respectively. The calculated growth coefficient (b) for C. lingua and C. cynoglossus was 2.873 and 3.359, respectively. The estimated Fulton’s condition factor (Kn) was 0.42 ± 0.05 for C. lingua and 0.72 ± 0.11 for C. cynoglossus. No information about the population parameters of C. lingua from the Bay of Bengal has been reported previously in any scientific database. The maximum Kn value of C. lingua was observed in the 13.0–15.9 cm length class while that of C. cynoglossus was found in the 31.0–33.9 cm length class. Our estimated LWR and Fulton’s condition factor values for these two flatfishes can be useful for management and conservation.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplementation of commercial layer feed on body weight, egg production and haematological profile of the laying ducks rearing under the rural condition of Bangladesh. Twenty indigenous ducks (Khaki Campbell x Local duck) of 24 weeks old was selected from a farm and randomly divided into four equal groups (n=5) and numbered as group T0, T1, T2 & T3. The different amount of feed was supplied into four groups for three months. The all four groups (T0, T1, T2 and T3) were fed with routine feeding in scavenging condition. But T1 group supplemented with 120 gm, T2 group 60 gm and T3 group 30 gm of commercial feed. Significant differences were found in both egg production and haematological profile of ducks in compared to control group. Egg production was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T1 group compared to other groups. During the study the body weight gain were shown the same pattern being significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 group compared to T0, T2 and T3 groups. On the other hand, the values of total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin content (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) increased significantly (P<0.05) in the groups of T1 and T2 compared to the control group (T0). But the value of MCV, MCH and MCHC of T1, T2 & T3 groups decreased significantly (P<0.05) than that of the control group. Results of the present study revealed that the amount of supplementation of commercial layer feeds was very important for improving the haematological profile and egg production of ducks. So, the additional commercial layer feed supplementation may be beneficial for duck farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental neutron capture cross-section for the 139La(n, g)140La reaction at 0.0334 eV was measured for the first time using activation technique. The obtained cross-section value amounted to 7.86 ± 0.55 b is in agreement with the evaluated data libraries ENDF/B-VII and JENDL-3.3. The present value measured at 0.0334 eV and the previous data at 0.0536 eV were extrapolated to the energy 0.0253 eV assuming 1/v dependence and the results were compared with the integrally measured values reported in the literature. The new data are thus useful to check the evaluated excitation function.

A 12 years-old, male indigenous dog was presented to Shahedul Alam Qaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH) in Chattogram, Bangladesh with a large tumour on its right front leg. The histopathological findings of the tumour were highly suggestive of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). The tumour was surgically removed from the dog. While there had been no recurrence for 5 months, the patient died 5 months post-operatively. The cause of the death and presence of metastasis could not be confirmed as follow-up investigations were declined by the owner. A histopathological study showed poorly differentiated neoplastic mononuclear cells forming nests in an alveolar pattern. Despite that the limited resources prevented myogenin staining for diagnostic confirmation, the well-contained, defined appearance of the tumour supports the diagnosis of ARMS. This report highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating ARMS in indigenous dogs and emphasizes the need for further research and diagnostic markers to improve detection and management., (© 2024 The Author(s). Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The benefits of healthy eating are well known, yet adolescent diet is often poor. School based interventions offer a promising option to promote healthy eating, however, evidence is unclear., Aim: This umbrella review synthesised the current evidence on school-based interventions for healthy eating in adolescents (10-19 years old)., Methods: Using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) umbrella review guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on 11 electronic databases (PubMed, CINHAL, EMBASE, Science Direct, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, ERIC, Web of Science, Cochrane Register of Systemic Review and JBI Evidence Synthesis) to identify reviews published between January 2000 and December 2023. Methodological quality was assessed using JBI critical appraisal tool. A narrative synthesis was conducted informed by the World Health Organisation's Health Promoting School (HPS) framework that categorises school-based interventions into three components i.e., health education, school environment changes, and family and community involvement., Results: Seventeen reviews were identified (including 347 unique primary studies) that were published between 2008 and 2023. 87% of the reviews were based on interventions in high- income countries, limiting applicability to low- and middle-income countries. Fourteen reviews were rated as high, two as moderate, and one was rated as low methodological quality. Evidence from 71% of the reviews (n = 14 reviews, 13 = high methodological quality) found that multi-component interventions (i.e., interventions incorporating more than two components of the HPS framework) improved adolescents' knowledge and behaviour concerning healthy eating. At the individual level, tech-driven healthy eating curricula effectively improved eating behaviours of adolescents. These individual-level interventions proved to be more effective and sustainable when supported by system-level changes, such as modifying school environments including increased availability of healthy foods and involving parents to promote healthy eating for adolescents. However, limited evidence from only three reviews suggests mixed feasibility for technology-based interventions and lower feasibility for multi-component interventions. The lack of information on stakeholder involvement in intervention design is another critical evidence gap., Conclusion: School-based multi-component healthy eating interventions that combine individual-level interventions with system-level changes are effective in promoting healthy eating behaviours among adolescents. Future reviews should assess the effectiveness of participatory approaches in intervention design, feasibility and scale-up studies, and analysing evidence from low- and middle-income countries., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Linezolid has gained increased use for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria in recent years. It can cause rare but potentially life-threatening lactic acidosis. Here, we presented a case report of linezolid-induced lactic acidosis (LILA), along with a systematic review of current literature. The patient was a 55-year-old male who presented with the symptoms of acute cholecystitis. He had been treated for sepsis due to acute cholecystitis with broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravenous fluids as per protocol. Still, his lactate level was getting elevated. After excluding other causes of lactic acidosis, LILA was diagnosed, and linezolid was discontinued. His lactic acid level, as well as his physical condition, improved after that. Studies related to LILA were searched in Medline via PubMed. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, data were extracted, tabulated, and presented in this article. The risk of bias was also assessed. We found 78 relevant articles in the primary search, and 26 articles, including 496 patients, were included in the study. From 23 studies of 129 patients, 28 patients (21.7%) died in the setting of LILA. The peak lactate level in which the patient developed LILA was 38.1 mmol/L after four weeks of therapy. The most common health conditions associated with LILA were end-stage renal failure (ESRD), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc. Eighteen studies with a total of 30 patients discontinued it after the development of LILA. Twenty-four patients (80%) out of 30 survived after the discontinuation. We recommend including LILA in the differential diagnoses when treating patients with lactic acidosis since LILA is associated with a relatively elevated mortality rate., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Akter et al.)

Background: With the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into healthcare systems, there is a growing emphasis on privacy and ethical considerations. Nurses, as frontline healthcare professionals, are pivotal in-patient care and offer valuable insights into the ethical implications of AI adoption., Objectives: This study aimed to explore nurses' perspectives on privacy and ethical concerns associated with the implementation of AI in healthcare settings., Methods: We employed Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology as the qualitative research approach. Data were collected through purposive sampling from the December 7, 2023 to the January 15, 2024, with interviews conducted in Bengali. Thematic analysis was utilized following member checking and an audit trail., Results: Six themes emerged from the research findings: Ethical dimensions of AI integration, highlighting complexities in incorporating AI ethically; Privacy challenges in healthcare AI, revealing concerns about data security and confidentiality; Balancing innovation and ethical practice, indicating a need to reconcile technological advancements with ethical considerations; Human touch vs. technological progress, underscoring tensions between automation and personalized care; Patient-centered care in the AI era, emphasizing the importance of maintaining focus on patients amidst technological advancements; and Ethical preparedness and education, suggesting a need for enhanced training and education on ethical AI use in healthcare., Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of addressing privacy and ethical concerns in AI healthcare development. Nurses advocate for patient-centered approaches and collaborate with policymakers and tech developers to ensure responsible AI adoption. Further research is imperative for mitigating ethical challenges and promoting ethical AI in healthcare practice., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Background: With the ever-increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into health care, it becomes imperative to gain an in-depth understanding of how health care professionals, specifically nurse practitioners, perceive and approach this transformative technology., Objectives: This study aimed to gain insights into nurse practitioners' perceptions and attitudes toward AI adoption in health care., Methods: This qualitative research employed a descriptive and phenomenological approach using in-depth interviews. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire with 37 nurse practitioners selected through purposive sampling, specifically Maximum Variation Sampling and Expert Sampling techniques, to ensure diversity in characteristics. Trustworthiness of the research was maintained through member checking and peer debriefing. Thematic analysis was employed to uncover recurring themes and patterns in the data., Results: The thematic analysis revealed nine main themes that encapsulated nurse practitioners' perceptions and attitudes toward AI adoption in health care. These included nurse practitioners' perceptions of AI implementation, attitudes toward AI adoption, patient-centered care and AI, quality of health care delivery and AI, ethical and regulatory aspects of AI, education and training needs, collaboration and interdisciplinary relationships, obstacles in integrating AI, and AI and health care policy. While this study found that nurse practitioners held a wide range of perspectives, with many viewings AI as a tool to enhance patient care., Conclusions: This research provides a valuable contribution to the evolving discourse surrounding AI adoption in health care. The findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive education and training in AI, accompanied by clear and robust ethical and regulatory guidelines to ensure the responsible integration of AI in health care practice. Furthermore, fostering collaboration and interdisciplinary relationships is pivotal for the successful incorporation of AI in health care. Policymakers should also address the challenges and opportunities that AI presents in the health care sector. This study enhances the ongoing conversation on AI adoption in health care by shedding light on the perspectives of nurses, thereby shaping future strategies for AI integration., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objectives: Household hygiene and food safety are essential parts of food security; better food safety and hygiene will help reduce the chances of illness for young children and family members rarely studied in the selected area of coastal Bangladesh. The study aimed to discover the knowledge, attitude, and practice levels for cleanliness, hygiene, and food safety in the household., Methods: In this study, we employed a cross-sectional survey with simple random sampling to collect data from 384 childbearing mothers. The survey used the pretested, validated, and standardized (knowledge, attitude, and practice) questionnaire-model-based interview guide., Results: According to our study analysis, the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores among mothers were inadequate for household cleanliness and hygiene management. In the area context, knowledge efficiency was related to family type (joint and nuclear). Family economic conditions strongly influenced mothers' attitudes and behavior toward knowledge, attitude, and practice score. Unemployed and illiterate mothers have lower knowledge, attitude, and practice scores. Educated mothers have better knowledge, attitude, and practice score compared to illiterate mothers ( p  < 0.014). Nuclear family knowledge, attitude, and practice attitude was much greater ( p  < 0.04) and wealthier families showed better practice ( p  < 0.001) toward cleanliness and food safety in the household level., Conclusions: The study discovered the mothers' and household members' attention need to improve the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward proper hygiene and food safety at the household level of marginalized populations in coastal Bangladesh., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly prevalent and deadly brain tumor with high mortality rates, especially among adults. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms driving its progression remain poorly understood. Computational analysis offers a powerful approach to explore potential prognostic biomarkers, drug targets, and therapeutic agents for GBM. In this study, we utilized three gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with GBM progression. Our goal was to uncover key molecular players implicated in GBM pathogenesis and potential avenues for targeted therapy. Analysis of the gene expression datasets revealed a total of 78 common DEGs that are potentially involved in GBM progression. Through further investigation, we identified nine hub DEGs that are highly interconnected in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, indicating their central role in GBM biology. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses provided insights into the biological processes and immunological pathways influenced by these DEGs. Among the nine identified DEGs, survival analysis demonstrated that increased expression of GMFG correlated with decreased patient survival rates in GBM, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and preventive target for GBM. Furthermore, molecular docking and ADMET analysis identified two compounds from the NIH clinical collection that showed promising interactions with the GMFG protein. Besides, a 100 nanosecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulation evaluated the conformational changes and the binding strength. Our study highlights the potential of GMFG as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for GBM. The identification of GMFG and its associated pathways provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms driving GBM progression. Moreover, the identification of candidate compounds with potential interactions with GMFG offers exciting possibilities for targeted therapy development. However, further laboratory experiments are required to validate the role of GMFG in GBM pathogenesis and to assess the efficacy of potential therapeutic agents targeting this molecule., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Md. Wasim Alom et al.)

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are public health threats globally and recognized impediments to socioeconomic development. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and clustering of NCDs risk factors among Bangladeshi men and women aged 20-59 years using nationally representative data., Methods: This study was conducted in 82 rural, nonslum urban, and slum clusters across all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh using multistage cluster sampling. A total of 4917 men and 4905 women aged 20-59 years were included in the study. Descriptive analyses were performed to report the prevalence and distribution of behavioral and clinical risk factors. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the coexistence of three or more NCD risk factors., Results: The prevalence of tobacco use (any form), insufficient physical activity, inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, overweight and obesity, and central obesity were 38.3%, 13.6%, 87.1%, 42.3%, and 36.0%, respectively. Furthermore, 21.9% and 4.9% participants had hypertension and self-reported diabetes, respectively. Regarding the clustering of risk factors, 37.1% men and 50.8% women had at least three NCD risk factors. Only 3.0% men and 1.8% women reported no NCD risk factors. Age, place of residence, education, and wealth status were associated with the presence of at least three risk factors for both sexes., Conclusion: Since a large proportion of Bangladeshi 20-59 years old population had multiple risk factors, population-based programs with multisectoral approaches are essential to reduce NCDs among Bangladeshi women and men., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Chinese Medical Association.)

The COVID-19 pandemic-led worldwide healthcare crisis necessitates prompt societal, ecological, and medical efforts to stop or reduce the rising number of fatalities. Numerous mRNA based vaccines and vaccines for viral vectors have been licensed for use in emergencies which showed 90% to 95% efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, safety issues, vaccine reluctance, and skepticism remain major concerns for making mass vaccination a successful approach to treat COVID-19. Hence, alternative therapeutics is needed for eradicating the global burden of COVID-19 from developed and low-resource countries. Repurposing current medications and drug candidates could be a more viable option for treating SARS-CoV-2 as these therapies have previously passed a number of significant checkpoints for drug development and patient care. Besides vaccines, this review focused on the potential usage of alternative therapeutic agents including antiviral, antiparasitic, and antibacterial drugs, protease inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies that are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical investigations to assess their effectiveness and safety in the treatment of COVID-19. Among the repurposed drugs, remdesivir is considered as the most promising agent, while favipiravir, molnupiravir, paxlovid, and lopinavir/ritonavir exhibited improved therapeutic effects in terms of elimination of viruses. However, the outcomes of treatment with oseltamivir, umifenovir, disulfiram, teicoplanin, and ivermectin were not significant. It is noteworthy that combining multiple drugs as therapy showcases impressive effectiveness in managing individuals with COVID-19. Tocilizumab is presently employed for the treatment of patients who exhibit COVID-19-related pneumonia. Numerous antiviral drugs such as galidesivir, griffithsin, and thapsigargin are under clinical trials which could be promising for treating COVID-19 individuals with severe symptoms. Supportive treatment for patients of COVID-19 may involve the use of corticosteroids, convalescent plasma, stem cells, pooled antibodies, vitamins, and natural substances. This study provides an updated progress in SARS-CoV-2 medications and a crucial guide for inventing novel interventions against COVID-19., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Background: The increasing prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Asia is concerning, with type 2 diabetes projected to rise to 68%, compared to the global increase of 44%. Encouraging healthy diets requires stronger policies for healthier food environments., Methods: This study reviewed and assessed food environment policies in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka from 2020 to 2022 using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) and compared them with global best practices. Seven policy domains and six infrastructure support domains were considered, employing 47 good practice indicators to prevent NCDs. Stakeholders from government and non-governmental sectors in South Asia (n = 148) were invited to assess policy and infrastructure support implementation using the Delphi method., Findings: Implementation of food environment policies and infrastructure support in these countries was predominantly weak. Labelling, monitoring, and leadership policies received a moderate rating, with a focus on food safety, hygiene, and quality rather than obesity prevention. Key policy gaps prioritized for attention included front-of-pack labelling, healthy food subsidies, unhealthy food taxation, restrictions on unhealthy food promotion, and improvements in school nutrition standards to combat NCDs., Interpretation: Urgent action is required to expand food policies beyond hygiene and food security measures. Comprehensive strategies targeting NCD prevention are crucial to combat the escalating burden of NCDs in the region., Funding: This research was funded by the NIHR (16/136/68 and 132960) with aid from the UK Government for global health research. Petya Atanasova also acknowledges funding from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (ES/P000703/1). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the NIHR, the UK government or the ESRC., Competing Interests: We declare that we have no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Vestibular schwannomas are rare intracranial tumors originating from Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve. Despite their benign nature, these tumors can exert significant mass effects and debilitating symptoms, including gradual hearing loss, vertigo, facial nerve dysfunction, and headaches. Current clinical management options encompass wait-and-scan, surgery, radiation therapy, and off-label medication. However, each approach exhibits its own challenges and harbors limitations that underscore the urgent need for therapeutic treatments. Over the past 2 decades, extensive elucidation of the molecular underpinnings of vestibular schwannomas has unraveled genetic anomalies, dysregulated signaling pathways, downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, disrupted extracellular matrix, inflammatory tumor microenvironment, and altered cerebrospinal fluid composition as integral factors in driving the development and progression of the disease. Armed with this knowledge, novel therapeutic interventions tailored to the unique molecular characteristics of those conditions are actively being pursued. This review underscores the urgency of addressing the dearth of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for vestibular schwannoma, highlighting the key molecular discoveries and their potential translation into therapeutics. It provides an in-depth exploration of the evolving landscape of therapeutic development, which is currently advancing from bench to bedside. These ongoing efforts hold the promise of significantly transforming the lives of vestibular schwannoma patients in the future., Competing Interests: None declared., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press, the Society for Neuro-Oncology and the European Association of Neuro-Oncology.)

Background: Savory crispy or fried snack (SCFS), sugary snack (SS), and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption are associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and non-communicable diseases. So, we estimated the consumption of SCFS, SS, and SSB among elderly males and females in Bangladesh. We also reported the factors associated with their consumption using data from a nationwide cross-sectional study., Methods: We interviewed 2,482 (51.52%) elderly males and 2,335 (48.47%) elderly females for the recall for the past seven days on the intake of SCFS, SS, and SSB from 82 randomly selected clusters from rural, non-slum urban, and slum areas in Bangladesh. Sociodemographic and anthropometry data were also collected., Results: Consumption of SCFS, SS, and SSB for ≥1 time per week was reported by 884 (31.5%), 1,696 (66.1%), and 1,911 (69.3%) of the elderly males and 516 (20.1%), 1,367 (53.9%), and 1,171 (34.1%) of the elderly females, respectively. Both elderly males and females from slum and non-slum urban areas consumed more SSB than their rural counterparts. Higher level of television viewing was associated with increased frequency of intake of SCFS, SS, and SSB among elderly males and SSB intake among elderly females. Nutritional status was not associated with the consumption of these foods and drinks among the elderly; however, overweight males consumed SSB less frequently., Conclusion: In Bangladesh, elderly males and females frequently consume unhealthy snacks and drinks. Considering their detrimental effect on health, it is necessary to reduce their consumption through policy and program measures and promote healthier foods and beverages., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. The Institutional Review Board of BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, issued approval 2018–020-IR. Community consent was acquired through informative sessions led by local leaders, and written consent, ensuring anonymity and confidentiality, was obtained prior to data collection. Parental consent was sought for participants under 18. The study's planning, implementation, and dissemination were conducted without involvement with patients or the broader public. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shamim et al.)

Childhood experiences are known to shape individuals' development and can influence various aspects of life later on. Understanding the long-term effects is crucial for informing interventions and policies aimed at promoting healthy aging. This review aimed to explore the long-term effects of childhood experiences on older individuals. This systematic review comprised three distinct phases. Firstly, a systematic review was conducted, exploring databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science. Out of the 2116 studies initially identified, 24 studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Secondly, these inclusion criteria were applied to ensure that the chosen studies specifically delved into the connection between childhood experiences and outcomes in older individuals. Finally, data extraction and synthesis techniques were employed to analyze findings, facilitating the drawing of conclusions concerning the enduring impacts of childhood experiences on the well-being of older individuals. The review's findings revealed how negative experiences in childhood continue to affect older individuals in various ways. These early-life events have far-reaching consequences, profoundly impacting their physical health, making them more susceptible to chronic diseases and weakening their immune system. Additionally, they affect mental health, leading to conditions like depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. Cognitive function is also affected, resulting in memory problems and cognitive decline. Furthermore, these experiences impact social relationships, affecting trust, emotional control, and social isolation in later life. This review highlighted the enduring influence of childhood circumstances on the health and well-being of older individuals. Policymakers and health care practitioners should consider these findings when developing strategies to support healthy aging and mitigate the long-term effects of adverse childhood experiences., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interest at all., (© 2024 The Authors. Aging Medicine published by Beijing Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Wet markets in low-and middle-income countries are often reported to have inadequate sanitation resulting in fecal contamination of sold produce. Consumption of contaminated wet market-sourced foods has been linked to individual illness and disease outbreaks. This pilot study, conducted in two major wet markets in Dhaka city, Bangladesh during a 4-month period in 2021 aimed to assess the occurrence and characteristics of Escherichia coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS) from tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ). Fifty-four individuals of each species were collected. The identity of the bacterial isolates was confirmed by PCR and their susceptibility toward 15 antimicrobials was tested by disk diffusion. The whole genome of 15 E. coli and nine Salmonella spp. were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology. E. coli was present in 60-74% of tilapia muscle tissue and 41-44% of shrimp muscle tissue. Salmonella spp. was found in skin (29%) and gills (26%) of tilapia, and occasionally in muscle and intestinal samples of shrimp. The E. coli had several Multilocus sequence typing and serotypes and limited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, such as point mutations on glpT and pmrB . One E. coli (BD17) from tilapia carried resistance genes for beta-lactams, quinolones, and tetracycline. All the E. coli belonged to commensal phylogroups B1 and A and showed no Shiga-toxin and other virulence genes, confirming their commensal non-pathogenic status. Among the Salmonella isolates, five belonged to Kentucky serovar and had similar AMR genes and phenotypic resistance patterns. Three strains of this serovar were ST198, often associated with human disease, carried the same resistance genes, and were genetically related to strains from the region. The two undetermined sequence types of S . Kentucky were distantly related and positioned in a separate phylogenetic clade. Two Brunei serovar isolates, one Augustenborg isolate, and one Hartford isolate showed different resistance profiles. This study revealed high fecal contamination levels in tilapia and shrimp sold at two main wet markets in Dhaka. Together with the occurrence of Salmonella spp., including S . Kentucky ST198, a well-known human pathogen, these results stress the need to improve hygienic practices and sanitation standards at markets to improve food safety and protect consumer health., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Rheman, Hossain, Sarker, Akter, Khor, Gan, Powell, Card, Hounmanou, Dalsgaard, Mohan, Bupasha, Samad, Verner-Jeffreys and Delamare-Deboutteville.)

Obesity is a chronic condition which is identified by the buildup of excess body fat caused by a combination of various factors, including genetic predisposition and lifestyle choices. rs1137101 (A > G) polymorphism in the CHR1 domain of LEPR protein linked to different diseases including obesity. Nevertheless, the connection between this polymorphism and the likelihood of developing obesity has not been determined definitively. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between rs1137101 and the risk of obesity. The meta-analysis included all studies meeting pre-defined criteria, found through searching databases up until February 2023. A combined odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was estimated as overall and in continent subgroups for homozygous, heterozygous, recessive, dominant and allelic models using the fixed or the random-effects model. The meta-analysis identified 39 eligible studies with cases and controls (6099 cases/6711 controls) in 38 articles under different ethnic backgrounds. The results indicated a significant relationship between rs1137101 and the likelihood of developing obesity in each of the genetic models [the homozygous model (GG vs. AA: 95% Confidence Interval = 1.12-1.73, Odds Ratio = 1.39, P value = 0.003); the heterozygous model (AG vs. AA: 95% Confidence Interval = 1.07-1.42, Odds Ratio = 1.23, P value = 0.005); the dominant model (AG/GG vs AA: 95% Confidence Interval = 1.10-1.49, Odds Ratio = 1.28, P value = 0.001); the recessive model (GG vs AA/AG: 95% Confidence Interval = 1.02-1.45, Odds Ratio = 1.21, P value = 0.03); and the allelic model (G vs A; 95% Confidence Interval = 1.07-1.33, Odds Ratio = 1.19, P value = 0.002)] tested. Additionally, with an FDR <0.05, all genotypic models demonstrated statistical significance. The association remained significant among subgroups of Asian and Caucasian populations, although analysis in some genetic models did not show a significant association. Begg's and Egger's tests did not show publication biases. In sensitivity analysis, one particular study was found to have an impact on the Recessive model's significance, but other models remained unaffected. The current meta-analysis found significant indications supporting the association between rs1137101 and obesity. To avail a deeper understanding of this association, future research should include large-scale studies conducted in diverse ethnic populations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)