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1. On the History of Higher Theological Education in the Ekaterinburg Diocese in the 20th — First Quarter of the 21st Century

Author

Sergey Yu. Akishin

Subjects
ekaterinburg, theological seminary, theological school, theological institute, theological and pastoral institute, distance education centre of the saint tikhon’s orthodox university of the humanities, department of theology of the russian state professional and pedagogical university, missionary institute, department of theology of the ural state mining university, Doctrinal Theology, BT10-1480
Abstract

The article is devoted to studying the history of formation and development of higher theological education in the Ekaterinburg eparchy for the last hundred years. It shows that Ekaterinburg’s path to academic theology has been slow and thorny. The first attempts to create its own theological educational institutions (though without any claim to the highest level of education) date back to 1917–1919, when the system of traditional theological education actually ceased to function and the search for new forms of existence of theology as a science and practice began. In 1917, a never-implemented project was proposed for Ekaterinburg: to reform theological schools and the seminary and create an Orthodox gymnasium on their basis, and also to organize a Theological-Pastoral Institute with a three-year duration of study based on the subjects of the 5th-6th grades of the seminary. Moreover, under the conditions of Decree on Separation of Church from State and School from Church, the Ekaterinburg People’s Theological Institute was opened in autumn 1918, to provide extracurricular religious education and the widest possible dissemination of theological education, which existed until the second half of 1919. The project of the Theological-Pastoral and successfully functioning People’s Theological Institutes had strong potential, and under favorable conditions, with proper support, they could have grown into higher educational institutions. With the fall of the atheist regime and the attainment of religious freedoms in the 1990s, it became possible to organize higher theological education in Ekaterinburg. The author reveals that in 1994–2008 Ekaterinburg had a Centre for Distance Education of the Orthodox Saint Tikhon’s Humanitarian University, which carried out its activities in two areas: pastoral-theological and catechetical-pedagogical. In 2001–2012, the Social Institute of the Russian State Professional and Pedagogical University, supported by the Ekaterinburg Diocese, had the Department of Theology, where students were trained in the specialty ‘Orthodox Theology’ and after graduation, for the first time in the history of the Urals region, graduates were given state diplomas. In 2009 there was an unsuccessful attempt to enroll students on the Theology Course at the Urals Institute of Business. Currently, there are several educational institutions in Ekaterinburg that implement the Federal State Educational Standard in Theology under the Bachelor’s program: Missionary Institute, Ekaterinburg Theological Seminary, and Theology Department at the Ural State Mining University. The latter two educational institutions also have Master’s programs in the Church History (Ekaterinburg Seminary) and the ChurchState and State-Confessional Relations (Ural State Mining University).

Published
2024
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2. Event reconstruction of free-streaming data for the RICH detector in the CBM experiment

Author

Adamczewski-Musch J., Akishin P., Becker K.–H., Bendarouach J., Deveaux C., Dürr M., Eschke J., Förtsch J., Heep J., Höhne C., Ivanishchev D., Kampert K.–H., Kochenda L., Kravtsov P., Kres I., Lebedev S., Lebedeva E., Linev S., Mahmoud T., Malaev M., Michel J., Miftakhov N., Niebur W., Otto J.–H., Ovcharenko E., Patel V., Pauly C., Pfeifer D., Riabov Y., Roshchin E., Samsonov V., Tarasenkova O., Traxler M., Tyts D., Vznuzdaev M., Weber A.A., and Zumbruch P.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is a dedicated heavy ion collision experiment at the FAIR facility. It will be one of the first HEP experiments which works in a triggerless mode: data received in the DAQ from the detectors will not be associated with events by a hardware trigger anymore. All raw data within a giventime period will be collected continuously in containers, so-called time-slices. The task of the reconstruction algorithms is to create events out of this raw data stream. In this contribution, the optimization of the reconstruction software in the RICH detector to the free-streaming data flow is presented. The implementation of ring reconstruction algorithms which use time measurements of the hits as an additional parameter is discussed.

Published
2019
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3. Investigation of the compressed baryonic matter at the GSI accelerator complex

Author

Ladygin V.P., Ablyazimov T.O., Akishin P.G., Akishina E.P., Akishina V.P., Baznat M.I., Boguslavsky I.V., Borshchov V.N., Bychkov A.V., Dementiev D.V., Derenovskaya O.Yu., Elsha V.V., Gudima K.K., Gusakov Yu.V., Igolkin S.N., Isupov A.Yu., Ivanov V.V., Kekelidze G.D., Khrenov A.N., Kisel P.I., Korolev M.G., Kozlov G.E., Kramarenko V.A., Kurilkin P.K., Ladygina N.B., Lysan V.M., Malakhov A.I., Martinovsky I.P., Merkin M.M., Murin Yu.A., Parzhitsky S.S., Penkin V.A., Piyadin S.M., Protsenko M.A., Savenkov A.A., Shabunov A.V., Shafranovskaya A.I., Sheremetiev A.D., Tarasov O.G., Tymchuk I.T., Zamiatin N.I., Zinchenko A.I., and Zubarev E.V.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (√sNN = 2-4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter, namely, the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars, effects of chiral symmetry, and the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (μB ≥ 500 MeV). We are focusing here on the contribution of JINR to the CBM experiment: design of the superconducting dipole magnet; manufacture of the straw and micro-strip silicon detectors, participation in the data taking and analysis algorithms and physics program.

Published
2017
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4. Superconducting dipole magnet for the CBM experiment at FAIR

Author

Kurilkin P., Akishin P., Bychkov A., Floch E., Gusakov Yu., Ladygin V., Malakhov A., Moritz G., Ramakers H., Senger P., Shabunov A., Szwangruber P., and Toral F.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The scientific goal of the CBM (Compressed Baryonic Matter) experiment at FAIR (Darmstadt) is to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter at highest baryon densities. The physics program of the CBM experiment is complimentary to the programs to be realized at MPD and BMN facilities at NICA and will start with beam derived by the SIS100 synchrotron. The 5.15 MJ superconducting dipole magnet will be used in the silicon tracking system of the CBM detector. The magnet will provide a magnetic field integral of 1 Tm which is required to obtain a momentum resolution of 1% for the track reconstruction. The results of the development of dipole magnet of the CBM experiment are presented.

Published
2017
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5. Activity of the Ekaterinburg County Theological School According to the Audit Reports of 1873 and 1876

Author

Sergey Yu. Akishin

Subjects
ekaterinburg theological school, religious education, audit, educational committee, archival fund of the holy synod, i. k. zinchenko, s. i. miropolsky, Doctrinal Theology, BT10-1480
Abstract

The proposed material is a commented publication of documents related to the audits of the Ekaterinburg Theological School carried out by representatives of Educational Committee of the Holy Synod in 1873 and 1876. In 1873, Theological School of Ekaterinburg was audited by S. I. Miropolsky, who found the educational institution in satisfactory condition. Three years later, another auditor I. K. Zinchenko, while checking the school reported a whole range of problems in the organization of both educational and upbringing processes, indicating the presence of a systemic crisis in the educational institution. On the one hand, the problems noted could be considered inertial and explained by the habit of living and acting according to the previous charter of theological schools of 1814, with only few changes; on the other hand, it was due to the complicated relationship between the school administration members and the reluctance of the district clergy board of Ekaterinburg Vicariate to allocate decent funds to support the school. Educational Committee of the Holy Synod considered the results of both audits only in 1877. His Eminence the Bishop of Perm was instructed to fulfill seven requirements, in accordance with which it was necessary to replace school educational and hospital equipment, organize a dormitory for self-sufficient students, and to monitor strict compliance with hygiene rules among them, and also to make sure the clergy take great care of the school needs and elect worthy persons to the Board. Measures to improve the life of the Ekaterinburg Theological School, taken as a result of the audit, could not immediately bring any positive result, with a few exceptions, as evidenced by the audit of 1879, organized by the Board of Perm Theological Seminary. In the Appendix provided are 4 documents: Audit reports of 1873 and 1876, Report of S. I. Miropolsky addressed to the Chief Prosecutor of the Holy Synod dated February 24, 1873 and the Journal of the meeting of Educational Committee at the Holy Synod dated April 13, 1877, where auditors’ reports were reviewed and instructions were formulated.

Published
2023
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6. Behaviour Analysis of Beam-Type Timber and Timber-Concrete Composite Panels

Author

Elza Briuka, Dmitrijs Serdjuks, Pavel Akishin, Genadijs Sahmenko, Andrejs Podkoritovs, and Raimonds Ozolins

Subjects
load-carrying capacity, timber-concrete adhesive connection, ductility enhancement, transformed section method, γ-method, three-point bending, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

This study addresses the enhancement of material efficiency and reduction in brittleness in timber-to-concrete adhesive connections for beam-type timber and timber-concrete composite panels. The research explores the potential benefits of adding longitudinal timber ribs to cross-laminated timber (CLT) beam-type panels. Three groups of flexure-tested specimens were analysed as follows: (1) timber panels (1400 mm × 400 mm) with two 100 mm thick CLT panels and two 60 mm thick CLT panels reinforced with 150 × 80 mm timber ribs; (2) eight specimens (600 mm × 100 mm × 150 mm) with CLT members (600 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) connected to a 50 mm concrete layer using granite chips and Sikadur-31 (AB) epoxy adhesive; (3) six CLT panels (1400 mm × 400 mm × 50 mm) bonded to a 50 mm concrete layer, with two panels containing polypropylene microfibres and two panels incorporating polyethene dowels for mechanical connection. Specimens were subjected to three-point bending tests and analysed using the transformed section method, γ-method, and finite element method with ANSYS 2023R2 software. Results indicated a 53% increase in load-carrying capacity for ribbed CLT panels with no additional material consumption, a 24.8–41.1% increase for CLT panels strengthened with a concrete layer, and improved ductility and prevention of disintegration in timber-concrete composites with polypropylene microfibres.

Published
2024
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7. On the 60th Anniversary of Oksana Evgenievna Sheludyakova

Author

Sergey Yu. Akishin

Subjects
o. e. sheludyakova, church music, singing culture, spiritual musical culture, Doctrinal Theology, BT10-1480
Abstract

The anniversary material is dedicated to Professor Oksana Evgenievna Sheludyakova, Doctor of Arts and Head of Regency Department of the Ekaterinburg Theological Seminary. The article provides the jubilarian’s biography, describes her researches and suggests a list of scientific and educational-methodical works published in 2018–2022.

Published
2023
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8. Позиция В. де Геннина по вопросу о приватизации казенной металлургии

Author

Mikhail Akishin

Subjects
политика приватизации Петра I, уральская металлургия, В. де Геннин, В. Н. Татищев, History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, DK1-4735
Abstract

Становление металлургии в России происходило в условиях Северной войны, что предопределило господство государственной собственности в этом секторе экономики. В период окончания войны Петр I приступил к политике приватизации казенной промышленности. Нормативно-правовой основой приватизации стала Берг-привилегия 1719 г. Однако, начав политику передачи казенных заводов компаниям частных промышленников, Петр I не был последователен. Он задумался о развитии казенной металлургии Урала и при этом рассматривал возможность ее передачи частным промышленникам в последующем. В статье рассматривается позиция В. де Геннина по вопросу приватизации. Впервые вопрос о необходимости приватизации казенной металлургии Урала поставил В. Н. Татищев в период руководства им местной горнозаводской промышленностью в 1720–1722 гг. В 1722 г. Петр I назначил руководителем казенной горной промышленности Урала генерал-майора Геннина, наделив его обширными административными полномочиями. Геннину удалось в 1722–1724 гг. провести реконструкцию старых казенных заводов и осуществить строительство новых: Екатеринбургского, Полевского, Пыскорского и Ягошихинского. Между тем Татищев в 1724 г. представил Петру I проекты приватизации казенных заводов Урала. Император «принял за благо» эти проекты, но при этом разработал сложную процедуру рассмотрения вопросов приватизации в профильных центральных и местных государственных органах. Проекты Татищева получили в 1724 г. отрицательные отзывы Берг-коллегии и Геннина, указывавших на высокие прибыли от казенных заводов. При этом Геннин предложил свои проекты либо передачи казенных заводов в компанию Петра I, А. Д. Меншикова, Ф. М. Апраксина и др., либо передачи Пыскорских заводов в компанию ему, А. Г. Строганову и М. Ф. Турчанинову. Однако обсуждение проектов Татищева и Геннина было приостановлено в связи со смертью Петра I. Вновь вопрос о приватизации казенной металлургии Урала встал во время так называемого «кризиса сбыта» 1729–1732 гг. и был поставлен уже Генниным. Проекты приватизации Геннина обсуждались в Сенате, Берг-коллегии, Комиссии о монете. В 1733 г. была создана Комиссия о казенных заводах. Однако в 1732 г. «кризис сбыта» был преодолен, и Геннин отказался от своих проектов приватизации. Он окончательно пришел к выводу о том, что государственная собственность в металлургии не менее эффективна, чем частная, и начал новый этап строительства казенных заводов на Урале. Этой же позиции придерживался и Татищев, сменивший в 1734–1737 гг. Геннина на должности руководителя заводов Урала. Последующая история приватизационных компаний второй половины XVIII – начала XX в. подтвердила обоснованность этого вывода, крупная государственная собственность в металлургии не только сохранилась, но и расширилась.

Published
2023
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9. Verification of a Simplified Design Method for Timber–Concrete Composite Structures with Metal Web Timber Joists

Author

Agris Rogainis, Dmitrijs Serdjuks, Karina Buka-Vaivade, Pavel Akishin, Genadijs Sahmenko, Elza Briuka, and Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis

Subjects
simplified design method, transformed section method, γ–method, laboratory experiment, three-point bending, finite element analysis, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of a simplified design methodology for timber–concrete composite roof and floor structures employing metal web beams, also known as posi-joisted beams, easi-joist, or open web joists, validated through both laboratory experiments and finite element (FE) method analyses. The proposed method integrates the transformed section method and the γ-method, as outlined in Annex B of EN1995-1-1 for mechanically jointed beams. The investigation focuses on roof and floor structures featuring posi-joisted beams, oriented strand board (OSB) sheets connected by screws, and a layer of concrete bonded to the OSB sheets using epoxy glue and granite chips. Two groups, each consisting of four specimens, were prepared for the laboratory experiments. Each specimen comprised two posi-joisted beams, 1390 mm long, connected by OSB/3 boards measuring 400 mm in width and 18 mm in thickness. The beams had a cross-sectional depth of 253 mm, corresponding to beams of grade PS10, with top and bottom chords made from solid timber (95 mm × 65 mm). Bracing members with cross-sections of 100 mm × 45 mm were used to join the bottom chords of the beams. A layer of self-levelling mass SakretBAM, 50 mm thick, was bonded to the OSB/3 boards using SicaDur 31 epoxy glue and granite chips (16–32 mm). The specimens underwent three-point bending tests under static loads, and FE modelling, conducted using Ansys R2 2022 software, was employed for both experimental groups. A comparative analysis of results obtained from the simplified design method, FE simulations, and experimental data revealed that the simplified method accurately predicted maximum vertical displacements of the roof fragment, including posi-joisted beams, with precision up to 11.6% and 23.10% in the presence and absence of a concrete layer, respectively. The deviation between normal stresses in the chords of the beams obtained through the simplified method and FE modelling was found to be 7.69%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed design methodology for timber–concrete composite roofs with posi-joisted beams.

Published
2024
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10. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Kraft and Sulfite Pulps: What Is the Best Cellulosic Substrate for Industrial Saccharification?

Author

Aleksandr R. Shevchenko, Ksenia A. Mayorova, Dmitry G. Chukhchin, Alexey V. Malkov, Evgeniy A. Toptunov, Vadim D. Telitsin, Aleksandra M. Rozhkova, Ivan N. Zorov, Maria A. Rodicheva, Vadim A. Plakhin, Denis A. Akishin, Daria N. Poshina, Margarita V. Semenova, Andrey S. Aksenov, and Arkady P. Sinitsyn

Subjects
wood lignocellulose, pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, glucose, kraft pulping, sulfite delignification, Fermentation industries. Beverages. Alcohol, TP500-660
Abstract

Sulfite and kraft pulping are two principal methods of industrial delignification of wood. In recent decades, those have been considered as possibilities to pretreat recalcitrant wood lignocellulosics for the enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides and the subsequent fermentation of obtained sugars to valuable bioproducts. Current work compares chemistry and technological features of two different cooking processes in the preparation of polysaccharide substrates for deep saccharification with P. verruculosum glycosyl hydrolases. Bleached kraft and sulfite pulps were subjected to hydrolysis with enzyme mixture of high xylanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase activities at a dosage of 10 FPU/g of dry pulp and fiber concentration of 2.5, 5, and 10%. HPLC was used to analyze soluble sugars after hydrolysis and additional acid inversion of oligomers to monosaccharides. Kraft pulp demonstrated higher pulp conversion after 48 h (74–99%), which mostly resulted from deep xylan hydrolysis. Sulfite-pulp hydrolysates, obtained in similar conditions due to higher hexose concentration (more than 50 g/L), had higher fermentability for industrial strains producing alcohols, microbial protein, or organic acids. Along with saccharification, enzymatic modification of non-hydrolyzed residues occurred, which led to decreased degree of polymerization and composition changes in two industrial pulps. As a result, crystallinity of kraft pulp increased by 1.3%, which opens possibilities for obtaining new types of cellulosic products in the pulp and paper industry. The high adaptability and controllability of enzymatic and fermentation processes creates prospects for the modernization of existing factories.

Published
2023
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11. Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Author

CBM Collaboration, Ablyazimov, T., Abuhoza, A., Adak, R. P., Adamczyk, M., Agarwal, K., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, F., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, S., Akindinov, A., Akishin, P., Akishina, E., Akishina, T., Akishina, V., Akram, A., Al-Turany, M., Alekseev, I., Alexandrov, E., Alexandrov, I., Amar-Youcef, S., Anđelić, M., Andreeva, O., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anisimov, Yu., Appelshäuser, H., Argintaru, D., Atkin, E., Avdeev, S., Averbeck, R., Azmi, M. D., Baban, V., Bach, M., Badura, E., Bähr, S., Balog, T., Balzer, M., Bao, E., Baranova, N., Barczyk, T., Bartoş, D., Bashir, S., Baszczyk, M., Batenkov, O., Baublis, V., Baznat, M., Becker, J., Becker, K. -H., Belogurov, S., Belyakov, D., Bendarouach, J., Berceanu, I., Bercuci, A., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Berendes, R., Berezin, G., Bergmann, C., Bertini, D., Bertini, O., Beşliu, C., Bezshyyko, O., Bhaduri, P. P., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bhattacharjee, B., Bhattacharyya, A., Bhattacharyya, T. K., Biswas, S., Blank, T., Blau, D., Blinov, V., Blume, C., Bocharov, Yu., Book, J., Breitner, T., Brüning, U., Brzychczyk, J., Bubak, A., Büsching, H., Bus, T., Butuzov, V., Bychkov, A., Byszuk, A., Cai, Xu, Cálin, M., Cao, Ping, Caragheorgheopol, G., Carević, I., Cătănescu, V., Chakrabarti, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Chaus, A., Chen, Hongfang, Chen, LuYao, Cheng, Jianping, Chepurnov, V., Cherif, H., Chernogorov, A., Ciobanu, M. I., Claus, G., Constantin, F., Csanád, M., D'Ascenzo, N., Das, Supriya, Das, Susovan, de Cuveland, J., Debnath, B., Dementiev, D., Deng, Wendi, Deng, Zhi, Deppe, H., Deppner, I., Derenovskaya, O., Deveaux, C. A., Deveaux, M., Dey, K., Dey, M., Dillenseger, P., Dobyrn, V., Doering, D., Dong, Sheng, Dorokhov, A., Dreschmann, M., Drozd, A., Dubey, A. K., Dubnichka, S., Dubnichkova, Z., Dürr, M., Dutka, L., Dželalija, M., Elsha, V. V., Emschermann, D., Engel, H., Eremin, V., Eşanu, T., Eschke, J., Eschweiler, D., Fan, Huanhuan, Fan, Xingming, Farooq, M., Fateev, O., Feng, Shengqin, Figuli, S. P. D., Filozova, I., Finogeev, D., Fischer, P., Flemming, H., Förtsch, J., Frankenfeld, U., Friese, V., Friske, E., Fröhlich, I., Frühauf, J., Gajda, J., Galatyuk, T., Gangopadhyay, G., Chávez, C. García, Gebelein, J., Ghosh, P., Ghosh, S. K., Gläßel, S., Goffe, M., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golovatyuk, V., Golovnya, S., Golovtsov, V., Golubeva, M., Golubkov, D., Ramírez, A. Gómez, Gorbunov, S., Gorokhov, S., Gottschalk, D., Gryboś, P., Grzeszczuk, A., Guber, F., Gudima, K., Gumiński, M., Gupta, A., Gusakov, Yu., Han, Dong, Hartmann, H., He, Shue, Hehner, J., Heine, N., Herghelegiu, A., Herrmann, N., Heß, B., Heuser, J. M., Himmi, A., Höhne, C., Holzmann, R., Hu, Dongdong, Huang, Guangming, Huang, Xinjie, Hutter, D., Ierusalimov, A., Ilgenfritz, E. -M., Irfan, M., Ivanischev, D., Ivanov, M., Ivanov, P., Ivanov, Valery, Ivanov, Victor, Ivanov, Vladimir, Ivashkin, A., Jaaskelainen, K., Jahan, H., Jain, V., Jakovlev, V., Janson, T., Jiang, Di, Jipa, A., Kadenko, I., Kähler, P., Kämpfer, B., Kalinin, V., Kallunkathariyil, J., Kampert, K. -H., Kaptur, E., Karabowicz, R., Karavichev, O., Karavicheva, T., Karmanov, D., Karnaukhov, V., Karpechev, E., Kasiński, K., Kasprowicz, G., Kaur, M., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Kekelidze, G., Khan, M. M., Khan, S. A., Khanzadeev, A., Khasanov, F., Khvorostukhin, A., Kirakosyan, V., Kirejczyk, M., Kiryakov, A., Kiš, M., Kisel, I., Kisel, P., Kiselev, S., Kiss, T., Klaus, P., Kłeczek, R., Klein-Bösing, Ch., Kleipa, V., Klochkov, V., Kmon, P., Koch, K., Kochenda, L., Koczoń, P., Koenig, W., Kohn, M., Kolb, B. W., Kolosova, A., Komkov, B., Korolev, M., Korolko, I., Kotte, R., Kovalchuk, A., Kowalski, S., Koziel, M., Kozlov, G., Kozlov, V., Kramarenko, V., Kravtsov, P., Krebs, E., Kreidl, C., Kres, I., Kresan, D., Kretschmar, G., Krieger, M., Kryanev, A. V., Kryshen, E., Kuc, M., Kucewicz, W., Kucher, V., Kudin, L., Kugler, A., Kumar, Ajit, Kumar, Ashwini, Kumar, L., Kunkel, J., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, N., Kurilkin, A., Kurilkin, P., Kushpil, V., Kuznetsov, S., Kyva, V., Ladygin, V., Lara, C., Larionov, P., García, A. Laso, Lavrik, E., Lazanu, I., Lebedev, A., Lebedev, S., Lebedeva, E., Lehnert, J., Lehrbach, J., Leifels, Y., Lemke, F., Li, Cheng, Li, Qiyan, Li, Xin, Li, Yuanjing, Lindenstruth, V., Linnik, B., Liu, Feng, Lobanov, I., Lobanova, E., Löchner, S., Loizeau, P. -A., Lone, S. A., Martínez, J. A. Lucio, Luo, Xiaofeng, Lymanets, A., Lyu, Pengfei, Maevskaya, A., Mahajan, S., Mahapatra, D. P., Mahmoud, T., Maj, P., Majka, Z., Malakhov, A., Malankin, E., Malkevich, D., Malyatina, O., Malygina, H., Mandal, M. M., Mandal, S., Manko, V., Manz, S., Garcia, A. M. Marin, Markert, J., Masciocchi, S., Matulewicz, T., Meder, L., Merkin, M., Mialkovski, V., Michel, J., Miftakhov, N., Mik, L., Mikhailov, K., Mikhaylov, V., Milanović, B., Militsija, V., Miskowiec, D., Momot, I., Morhardt, T., Morozov, S., Müller, W. F. J., Müntz, C., Mukherjee, S., Castillo, C. E. Muńoz, Murin, Yu., Najman, R., Nandi, C., Nandy, E., Naumann, L., Nayak, T., Nedosekin, A., Negi, V. S., Niebur, W., Nikulin, V., Normanov, D., Oancea, A., Oh, Kunsu, Onishchuk, Yu., Ososkov, G., Otfinowski, P., Ovcharenko, E., Pal, S., Panasenko, I., Panda, N. R., Parzhitskiy, S., Patel, V., Pauly, C., Penschuck, M., Peshekhonov, D., Peshekhonov, V., Petráček, V., Petri, M., Petriş, M., Petrovici, A., Petrovici, M., Petrovskiy, A., Petukhov, O., Pfeifer, D., Piasecki, K., Pieper, J., Pietraszko, J., Płaneta, R., Plotnikov, V., Plujko, V., Pluta, J., Pop, A., Pospisil, V., Poźniak, K., Prakash, A., Prasad, S. K., Prokudin, M., Pshenichnov, I., Pugach, M., Pugatch, V., Querchfeld, S., Rabtsun, S., Radulescu, L., Raha, S., Rami, F., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Raportirenko, A., Rautenberg, J., Rauza, J., Ray, R., Razin, S., Reichelt, P., Reinecke, S., Reinefeld, A., Reshetin, A., Ristea, C., Ristea, O., Rodriguez, A. Rodriguez, Roether, F., Romaniuk, R., Rost, A., Rostchin, E., Rostovtseva, I., Roy, Amitava, Roy, Ankhi, Rożynek, J., Ryabov, Yu., Sadovsky, A., Sahoo, R., Sahu, P. K., Sahu, S. K., Saini, J., Samanta, S., Sambyal, S. S., Samsonov, V., Rosado, J. Sánchez, Sander, O., Sarangi, S., Satława, T., Sau, S., Saveliev, V., Schatral, S., Schiaua, C., Schintke, F., Schmidt, C. J., Schmidt, H. R., Schmidt, K., Scholten, J., Schweda, K., Seck, F., Seddiki, S., Selyuzhenkov, I., Semennikov, A., Senger, A., Senger, P., Shabanov, A., Shabunov, A., Shao, Ming, Sheremetiev, A. D., Shi, Shusu, Shumeiko, N., Shumikhin, V., Sibiryak, I., Sikora, B., Simakov, A., Simon, C., Simons, C., Singaraju, R. N., Singh, A. K., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singhal, V., Singla, M., Sitzmann, P., Siwek-Wilczyńska, K., Škoda, L., Skwira-Chalot, I., Som, I., Song, Guofeng, Song, Jihye, Sosin, Z., Soyk, D., Staszel, P., Strikhanov, M., Strohauer, S., Stroth, J., Sturm, C., Sultanov, R., Sun, Yongjie, Svirida, D., Svoboda, O., Szabó, A., Szczygieł, R., Talukdar, R., Tang, Zebo, Tanha, M., Tarasiuk, J., Tarassenkova, O., Târzilă, M. -G., Teklishyn, M., Tischler, T., Tlustý, P., Tölyhi, T., Toia, A., Topil'skaya, N., Träger, M., Tripathy, S., Tsakov, I., Tsyupa, Yu., Turowiecki, A., Tuturas, N. G., Uhlig, F., Usenko, E., Valin, I., Varga, D., Vassiliev, I., Vasylyev, O., Verbitskaya, E., Verhoeven, W., Veshikov, A., Visinka, R., Viyogi, Y. P., Volkov, S., Volochniuk, A., Vorobiev, A., Voronin, Aleksey, Voronin, Alexander, Vovchenko, V., Vznuzdaev, M., Wang, Dong, Wang, Xi-Wei, Wang, Yaping, Wang, Yi, Weber, M., Wendisch, C., Wessels, J. P., Wiebusch, M., Wiechula, J., Wielanek, D., Wieloch, A., Wilms, A., Winckler, N., Winter, M., Wiśniewski, K., Wolf, Gy., Won, Sanguk, Wu, Ke-Jun, Wüstenfeld, J., Xiang, Changzhou, Xu, Nu, Yang, Junfeng, Yang, Rongxing, Yin, Zhongbao, Yoo, In-Kwon, Yuldashev, B., Yushmanov, I., Zabołotny, W., Zaitsev, Yu., Zamiatin, N. I., Zanevsky, Yu., Zhalov, M., Zhang, Yifei, Zhang, Yu, Zhao, Lei, Zheng, Jiajun, Zheng, Sheng, Zhou, Daicui, Zhou, Jing, Zhu, Xianglei, Zinchenko, A., Zipper, W., Żoładź, M., Zrelov, P., Zryuev, V., Zumbruch, P., and Zyzak, M.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Published in European Physical Journal A

Published
2016
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12. Challenges in QCD matter physics --The scientific programme of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Author

Ablyazimov, T, Abuhoza, A, Adak, RP, Adamczyk, M, Agarwal, K, Aggarwal, MM, Ahammed, Z, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, N, Ahmad, S, Akindinov, A, Akishin, P, Akishina, E, Akishina, T, Akishina, V, Akram, A, Al-Turany, M, Alekseev, I, Alexandrov, E, Alexandrov, I, Amar-Youcef, S, Anđelić, M, Andreeva, O, Andrei, C, Andronic, A, Anisimov, Yu, Appelshäuser, H, Argintaru, D, Atkin, E, Avdeev, S, Averbeck, R, Azmi, MD, Baban, V, Bach, M, Badura, E, Bähr, S, Balog, T, Balzer, M, Bao, E, Baranova, N, Barczyk, T, Bartoş, D, Bashir, S, Baszczyk, M, Batenkov, O, Baublis, V, Baznat, M, Becker, J, Becker, K-H, Belogurov, S, Belyakov, D, Bendarouach, J, Berceanu, I, Bercuci, A, Berdnikov, A, Berdnikov, Y, Berendes, R, Berezin, G, Bergmann, C, Bertini, D, Bertini, O, Beşliu, C, Bezshyyko, O, Bhaduri, PP, Bhasin, A, Bhati, AK, Bhattacharjee, B, Bhattacharyya, A, Bhattacharyya, TK, Biswas, S, Blank, T, Blau, D, Blinov, V, Blume, C, Bocharov, Yu, Book, J, Breitner, T, Brüning, U, Brzychczyk, J, Bubak, A, Büsching, H, Bus, T, Butuzov, V, Bychkov, A, Byszuk, A, Cai, Xu, Cãlin, M, Cao, Ping, Caragheorgheopol, G, Carević, I, Cătănescu, V, Chakrabarti, A, Chattopadhyay, S, Chaus, A, Chen, Hongfang, Chen, LuYao, Cheng, Jianping, Chepurnov, V, Cherif, H, and Chernogorov, A

Subjects
nucl-ex, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sNN= 2.7--4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (μB> 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation of state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2024, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.

Published
2017

13. Optimization of a large aperture dipole magnet for baryonic matter studies at Nuclotron

Author

Akishin, P. G., Isupov, A. Yu., Khrenov, A. N., Kurilkin, P. K., Ladygin, V. P., Piyadin, S. M., and Topilin, N. D.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The aperture of the dipole magnet SP41 has been enlarged for the studies of dense baryonic matter properties at Nuclotron. The homogeneity of the magnetic field in the magnet centre has been improved. The measurement results of the magnetic field components and integral are compared with results of 3D TOSCA calculations., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures

Published
2014
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14. The volume integral equation method in magnetostatic problem

Author

Pavel G Akishin and Andrey A Sapozhnikov

Subjects
finite element method, magnetostatics, volume integral equations, systems of nonlinear equations, cubature formulae, iterative process, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

This article addresses the issues of volume integral equation method application to magnetic system calculations. The main advantage of this approach is that in this case finding the solution of equations is reduced to the area filled with ferromagnetic. The difficulty of applying the method is connected with kernel singularity of integral equations. For this reason in collocation method only piecewise constant approximation of unknown variables is used within the limits of fragmentation elements inside the famous package GFUN3D. As an alternative approach the points of observation can be replaced by integration over fragmentation element, which allows to use approximation of unknown variables of a higher order.In the presented work the main aspects of applying this approach to magnetic systems modelling are discussed on the example of linear approximation of unknown variables: discretisation of initial equations, decomposition of the calculation area to elements, calculation of discretised system matrix elements, solving the resulting nonlinear equation system. In the framework of finite element method the calculation area is divided into a set of tetrahedrons. At the beginning the initial area is approximated by a combination of macro-blocks with a previously constructed two-dimensional mesh at their borders. After that for each macro-block separately the procedure of tetrahedron mesh construction is performed. While calculating matrix elements sixfold integrals over two tetrahedra are reduced to a combination of fourfold integrals over triangles, which are calculated using cubature formulas. Reduction of singular integrals to the combination of the regular integrals is proposed with the methods based on the concept of homogeneous functions. Simple iteration methods are used to solve non-linear discretized systems, allowing to avoid reversing large-scale matrixes. The results of the modelling are compared with the calculations obtained using other methods.

Published
2019
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15. Online assessment of the electric locomotive life cycle cost

Author

A. A. Akishin, V. V. Brekson, O. V. Vinogradova, V. A. Kuchumov, N. D. Mironov, and N. B. Nikiforova

Subjects
locomotive, life cycle, operation, effective use, expenses assessment, Railroad engineering and operation, TF1-1620
Abstract

The selection and supply of electric locomotives based on the life cycle contract requires a more thorough review of indicators of their effectiveness implemented in operation. This study examines the main operation indicators currently used: coefficients of operational availability, technical availability, intrinsic availability (instantaneous), availability of the locomotive fleet, performed ton-kilometer operation, and electric power consumption. However, these indicators are not comprehensive and do not provide an overall economic assessment of operation. For a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of operation of locomotives, an online calculation of the life cycle cost is proposed. This involves directly using operating and service data for its performance, and the calculation of an indicator — life cycle specific cost (LCSC). The online LCSC is a uniform criterion associated with the energy efficiency of the performed transportation, volume of the ton-kilometer operation, operation expenses, reliability of electric locomotive, and its equipment availability ratio (EAR). The LCSC analysis enables assessment of deviations of the operation effectiveness indicators from those planned, and determining a strategy for improvement of the electric locomotive. It helps to define peculiarities in the operation of an electric locomotive and to forecast its condition and potential properties. Additionally, the LCSC facilitates analyzing the condition of a group of electric locomotives when changing the operation technology (for example, operation starting with increased rolling stock weight), including assessment of the extent of economic benefits of fulfilled measures.Currently, scientists of the JSC “VNIIZhT” and specialists of LLC “Ural Locomotives” are conducting tests on the electric locomotives 2EC6 on the Oktyabrskaya railroad using the “Online LCC” server. This allows online analysis of information collected on the operation and servicing of locomotives under the life cycle contract, pro viding effective and prompt control of the electric locomotive fleet.

Published
2019
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16. Characteristics of the Main- and Side-Stream Products of Microwave Assisted Torrefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass of Different Origination

Author

Alexandr Arshanitsa, Lilija Jashina, Matiss Pals, Jevgenija Ponomarenko, Yegor Akishin, and Maja Zake

Subjects
lignocellulosic, microwave, torrefaction, solid fraction, tar fraction, analytical pyrolysis, Technology
Abstract

In this paper, the yields and composition of solid and condensable products that were obtained by microwave-assisted torrefaction of softwood, wheat straw, and peat fuel pellets, defined as main- and side-stream torrefaction products, were studied. The torrefaction process, at temperatures varied in the range of 200–300 °C, was performed using a laboratory-scale torrefactor of original construction. Water-enriched fractions were distilled off from condensable products to isolate tar fractions, the fuel characteristics of which were compared with those of solid fractions. Py-GC/MS/FID, GC/MS/FID, thermal analysis, elemental analysis, and wet chemistry methods were used to characterize the main- and side-stream torrefaction products, with a focus on their valorization according to the biorefinery approach. The simultaneous development of the destruction and condensation processes in lignocarbohydrate complexes during microwave treatment leads to an increase in the relative portion of aromatic compounds in torrefied biomass, increasing the higher heating value (HHV) of the solid fractions. The increase up to 60% of the heat amount that was liberated due to the thermal oxidative conversion of solid fractions vs. that of the non-treated ones was established by DSC tests. The heat that was liberated by the combustion of the tar fractions was much lower than that of solid fractions, which was explained by the composition of tars, influencing their thermal conversion.

Published
2022
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17. Participation of A. A. Dmitrievsky in the arrangement of church service at Leningrad Theological seminary

Author

Sergey Akishin

Subjects
A. A. Dmitrievsky, Leningrad Theological Seminary, Higher Theological Courses in Leningrad, Russian-Estonian church in the name of Hieromartyr Isidore of Yurievsk, public worship, liturgics, History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, DK1-4735, History and principles of religions, BL660-2680
Abstract

This article presents results of the study of archival fi les from A. A. Dmitrievsky’s series (Manuscript Department, National Library of Russia) which contain a number of records related to the history of Leningrad Theological Seminary. These records refl ect the fact that on October 18 (Memory day of the Four Holy Hierarchs of Moscow) and December 13 (Memory day of Apostle Andrew) 1926, four public church services in the name of Hieromartyr Isidore of Yurievsk took place with the help of the prominent scientist and liturgist A. A. Dmitrievsky at the Russian-Estonian church in Leningrad. Both the public church services and their preparation were probably employed by A. A. Dmitrievsky as a medium for achieving better results of his students in the process of liturgical study. It was the intention of students of the Theological Seminary and Higher Theological Courses to conduct these public services. A number of manuals were prepared for various categories of participants of the services (clergy, readers, choristers and laymen) in order to conduct the service according to liturgical books. Each of these manuals explained what had to be done at certain moments of the service, who had to interact with each other, etc. The general course of the service was determined by a specifi cally designed document “The Order of Public Worship”, which listed the elements of the service from start to fi nish. These documents are published in modern orthography as a supplement to this article.

Published
2017
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18. Asymmetric Cellular Automaton Modeling Earthquakes

Author

Akishin, P. G., Altaisky, M. V., Budnik, A. D., Ivanov, V. V., and Antoniou, I.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics
Abstract

We propose an asymmetric modification of the sand-pile-like cellular automaton for earthquake modeling. The cumulative event distribution is shown to be dependent on the asymmetry parameter., Comment: 3 pages, RevTeX (8.5 KB), 2 gziped encapsulated postscript figures (10KB). Subm. to Geophysical Research Letters

Published
1998

19. Burridge-Knopoff model and self-similarity

Author

Akishin, P. G., Altaisky, M. V., Budnik, A. D., Ivanov, V. V., and Antoniou, I.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics
Abstract

The seismic processes are well known to be self-similar in both spatial and temporal behavior. At the same time, the Burridge-Knopoff (BK) model of earthquake fault dynamics, one of the basic models of theoretical seismicity, does not posses self-similarity. In this article an extension of BK model, which directly accounts for the self-similarity of earth crust elastic properties by introducing nonlinear terms for inter-block springs of BK model, is presented. The phase space analysis of the model have shown it to behave like a system of coupled randomly kicked oscillators. The nonlinear stiffness terms cause the synchronization of collective motion and produce stronger seismic events., Comment: 22 pages, RevTeX (61KB), 14 gziped PostScript figures (232KB)

Published
1997

20. ACETONE-CHLOROFORM-n-BUTANOL MIXTURE SEPARATION BY THE EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION IN SCHEMES OF TWO-OUTLET COLUMNS

Author

E. А. Anokhina, I. M. Gracheva, A. Yu. Akishin, and А. V. Timoshenko

Subjects
energy saving, extractive distillation, schemes of two-outlet columns, optimization, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Extractive distillation of acetone-chloroform-n-butanol mixture with dimethylformamide in two-outlet column schemes is considered. Optimal parameters according to the total energy consumption criterion in the column boilers of the three extractive distillation schemes for this mixture separation are determined. Calculations were carried out in a design-verification version at 1000 kg/hr of the initial mixture with the concentrations of acetone, chloroform and n-butanol 71.3, 14.7 and 14.0% wt., respectively. Dimethylformamide concentration in the entrainer flow was set to 99.99 wt%. The main component concentration in the product stream was 99.9 wt% for chloroform and 99.5 wt%. for acetone and n-butanol. The parameters to be optimized were: the number of plates in the columns, the temperature and flow rate of dimethylformamide, reflux ratios, distillate flow rates and the position of the feed plates in the columns. The optimum location of the entrainer feed plate was found additionally in the extractive distillation column. Separation product concentrations served as the constraints of the optimization. The optimization was carried out in Aspen Plus with the use of a combination of Sensitivity Analysis and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). It is established that scheme P5 has the lowest energy consumption. In the first column of this scheme, n-butanol is separated, and then the azeotrope-forming components (acetone and chloroform) are separated by the extractive distillation subsystem. Energy consumptions for two other schemes (P1 and P2), in which dimethylformamide is used in the first column of the sequence, are significantly higher than for scheme P5 - by 69.1% and by 49.3%, respectively. The data obtained will be used: to synthesize and optimize the extractive distillation schemes including the subsystems with coupled thermal and material flows to separate the acetone-chloroform-n-butanol mixture; to estimate the energy efficiency of those schemes and to obtain the criterion for estimating the energy efficiency of systems with coupled thermal and material flows in the extractive distillation of multicomponent mixtures.

Published
2017
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21. Functional safety of traction railway rolling stock

Author

V. A. Kuchumov, R. V. Murzin, N. B. Nikiforova, M. S. Khazov, and A. A. Akishin

Subjects
functional safety, safety integrity level (sil), risk assessment, safety function, microprocessor systems, Railroad engineering and operation, TF1-1620
Abstract

The article describes approaches to the definition of functional safety in railway transport. The importance of compliance with requirements for functional safety in the context of widespread use of programmable controllers and microprocessor control systems is shown. Electric locomotive is considered from the point of functional safety, as well as its structural scheme which is used to carry out necessary checks. Main sources of threats for railway rolling stock were described, which include the malfunction of some component parts of the electric locomotive and external influences, including erroneous actions of locomotive crew. This article discusses the concept of risk of breaching safety requirements as well as demonstrates approach for assessing the level of risk, which involves quantitative and qualitative assessment of the probability and consequences of risk. Necessity of considering potential damage to human health, environmental damage and financial losses when performing risk assessment is shown. The article shows the necessity of determining safety features of railway rolling stock targeted to counteraction to external and internal threats. Methods of determining safety integrity levels for the various safety functions is demonstrated on the base of using risk graph, which takes into account the probability of a hazardous event and damage caused to them. Necessity of using different devices to achieve required safety integrity level is shown. Method for determining the actual safety integrity level of the safety contour based on the use of the “graph of safety” is shown and includes analysis of devices in this contour. This method allows determining the safety integrity level of the safety contour rolling stock on the basis of experience in the production and usage of devices of control and diagnosis. An example of compliance one of the safety functions of the electric locomotive to the requirements of functional safety is closely considered in the article. In the example is shown, what measures are possible to apply to increase the functional safety of the electric locomotive to meet the requirements for safety integrity level.

Published
2016

22. Random Oscillations of Rail Vehicles with Nonlinear Spring Suspension Characteristics

Author

A. N. Savos’Kin, H. P. Burchak, R. K. Nasyrov, and A. A. Akishin

Subjects
random processes of the rail lines’ geometric irregularities, vehicle movement speed effect on the irregularities’ random processes, 2-d probability density, correlation function, spectral density, absolute maximums distribution of the vehicle oscillations’ nonsteady random processes, Railroad engineering and operation, TF1-1620
Abstract

There is considered about the problem of nonsteady random processes as related to rail vehicle oscillations under action of multidimentional random forcing process in the form of vertical and horizontal irregularities of the left and right rail lines. In terms of vehicle movement speed variations it is necessary to change the number and consist of summands in the analytical expression describing pulse-response characteristic of the shaping filter involved in the random process generation of the in-track equivalent geometric irregularity. There are obtained 3-D implementations of such random oscillation processes for the discussed rail vehicle model. Also it is shown that individual implementations of such processes are much different from each other which is evidence of unsteadiness of these oscillation processes. There are obtained 2-D distribution densities of random processes’ instantaneous values of the vehicle body, bogie and wheelset swaying oscillations, which can be smoothed out by the 2-D Gaussian law. Correlation functions and Fourier densities of these oscillations proved to be 3-D ones. At that Fourier density functions’ surface turns to be a nonnegative one with a number of maximums, which highest y-coordinates are located in the principal diagonal plane. There is justified the emergence of principal and side spectral density maximums and it is indicated that the frequencies corresponding to side maximums are in the ratios 2: 1 and 3: 1 with the respective diagonal maximum frequency. This is evidence of the presence of ultraharmonic constituents, characteristic to nonlinear systems, within the respective oscillation processes’ implementations. There is calculated distribution of the processes absolute maximums and are found average values of distributions, characterizing ability rating values.

Published
2015

23. Identification of discrete chaotic maps with singular points

Author

P. G. Akishin, P. Akritas, I. Antoniou, and V. V. Ivanov

Subjects
Neural networks, Chaotic maps, Wavelets., Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

We investigate the ability of artificial neural networks to reconstruct discrete chaotic maps with singular points. We use as a simple test model the Cusp map. We compare the traditional Multilayer Perceptron, the Chebyshev Neural Network and the Wavelet Neural Network. The numerical scheme for the accurate determination of a singular point is also developed. We show that combining a neural network with the numerical algorithm for the determination of the singular point we are able to accurately approximate discrete chaotic maps with singularities.

Published
2001
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24. Simulation of earthquakes with cellular automata

Author

P. G. Akishin, M. V. Altaisky, I. Antoniou, A. D. Budnik, and V. V. Ivanov

Subjects
Earthquakes, Cellular automata., Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

The relation between cellular automata (CA) models of earthquakes and the Burridge–Knopoff (BK) model is studied. It is shown that the CA proposed by P. Bak and C. Tang,although they have rather realistic power spectra, do not correspond to the BK model. We present a modification of the CA which establishes the correspondence with the BK model.An analytical method of studying the evolution of the BK-like CA is proposed. By this method a functional quadratic in stress release, which can be regarded as an analog of the event energy, is constructed. The distribution of seismic events with respect to this “energy” shows rather realistic behavior, even in two dimensions. Special attention is paid to two-dimensional automata; the physical restrictions on compression and shear stiffnesses are imposed.

Published
1998
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25. Superconducting SIS100 prototype magnets test results and final design issues

Author

Fischer, E., Schnizer, P., Akishin, P., Kurnyshov, R., Mierau, A., Schnizer, B., Shim, S.Y., and Sherbakov, P.

Subjects
Magnetic dipoles -- Analysis, Niobium -- Magnetic properties, Niobium -- Electric properties, Superconducting magnets -- Design and construction, Titanium alloys -- Magnetic properties, Titanium alloys -- Electric properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published
2010

27. The dipole magnet design for the ALICE DiMuon Arm Spectrometer

Author

Akishin, P., Anisschenko, N., Blinov, N., Boguslavsky, I., Cacaut, D., Danilov, V., Golubitsky, O., Kalimov, A., Kochournikov, E., Lyubimtsev, A., Makarov, A., Mikhailov, K., Olex, I., Popov, V., Semashko, S., Shabunov, A., Shishov, Y., Shurgin, A., Sissakian, A., Swoboda, D., and Vodopianov, A.

Subjects
Superconducting magnets -- Research, Electrical equipment and supplies industry -- Research, Spectrometer -- Research, Particle accelerators -- Research, Nuclear industry -- Research, Industrial equipment and supplies industry -- Research, Electrical engineering, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries, European Organization for Nuclear Research -- Conferences, meetings and seminars
Abstract

The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia, is developing a dipole magnet (DM) for the DiMuon Arm Spectrometer of the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The DM's technical characteristics and manufacturing procedures are discussed.

Published
2002

28. STUDY OF ASPHALT-CONCRETE PAVEMENT FATIGUE MODELING.

Author

SKELS, PETERIS, HARITONOVS, VIKTORS, AKISHIN, PAVEL, and FREIMANIS, ANDRIS

Subjects
ASPHALT pavements, PAVEMENTS, FATIGUE cracks, CRACKING of pavements, TRAFFIC safety, FATIGUE (Physiology), MATERIALS testing
Abstract

Deterioration of asphalt pavements due to fatigue cracking is one of the most common highway pavement failure types. If the fatigue cracks are allowed to develop and grow, the driving comfort and safety, i.e., serviceability of the pavement, decreases. Pavement fatigue behaviour is not a straightforward mechanism and involves many factors and effects, thus computational methods are developed in order to help understand how the pavement works. This paper explores the accuracy and applicability of a less computational resource demanding procedure that uses transient material mechanical behaviour to model the long-term behaviour of a pavement structure. First, the mechanical and fatigue properties of asphalt were determined at the laboratory. Then a four-layer finite-element model was created using Ansys software. Two different models - with and without infinity elements - and two different fatigue simulation procedures - full and simplified - were considered. Material parameters were obtained by the laboratory tests and material properties degraded over time. Cyclic surface loading was applied to simulate the passing of a truck - 6 million fatigue cycles were simulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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30. Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Author

Ablyazimov, T., Abuhoza, A., Adak, R. P., Adamczyk, M., Agarwal, K., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, F., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, S., Akindinov, A., Akishin, P., Akishina, E., Akishina, T., Akishina, V., Akram, A., Al-Turany, M., Alekseev, I., Alexandrov, E., Alexandrov, I., Amar-Youcef, S., Anđelić, M., Andreeva, O., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anisimov, Y., Appelshäuser, H., Argintaru, D., Atkin, E., Avdeev, S., Averbeck, R., Azmi, M. D., Baban, V., Bach, M., Badura, E., Bähr, S., Balog, T., Balzer, M., Bao, E., Baranova, N., Barczyk, T., Bartoş, D., Bashir, S., Baszczyk, M., Batenkov, O., Baublis, V., Baznat, M., Becker, J., Becker, K.-H., Belogurov, S., Belyakov, D., Bendarouach, J., Berceanu, I., Bercuci, A., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Berendes, R., Berezin, G., Bergmann, C., Bertini, D., Bertini, O., Beşliu, C., Bezshyyko, O., Bhaduri, P. P., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bhattacharjee, B., Bhattacharyya, A., Bhattacharyya, T. K., Biswas, S., Blank, T., Blau, D., Blinov, V., Blume, C., Bocharov, Y., Book, J., Breitner, T., Brüning, U., Brzychczyk, J., Bubak, A., Büsching, H., Bus, T., Butuzov, V., Bychkov, A., Byszuk, A., Cai, X., Cálin, M., Cao, P., Caragheorgheopol, G., Carević, I., Cătănescu, V., Chakrabarti, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Chaus, A., Chen, H., Chen, L., Chen, J., Chepurnov, V., Cherif, H., Chernogorov, A., Ciobanu, M. I., Claus, G., Constantin, F., Csanád, M., D'Ascenzo, N., Das, S., Cuveland, J., Debnath, B., Dementiev, D., Deng, W., Deng, C., Deppe, H., Deppner, I., Derenovskaya, O., Deveaux, C. A., Deveaux, M., Dey, K., Dey, M., Dillenseger, P., Dobyrn, V., Doering, D., Dong, S., Dorokhov, A., Dreschmann, M., Drozd, A., Dubey, A. K., Dubnichka, S., Dubnichkova, Z., Dürr, M., Dutka, L., Dželalija, M., Elsha, V. V., Emschermann, D., Engel, H., Eremin, V., Eşanu, T., Eschke, J., Eschweiler, D., Fan, H., Fan, X., Farooq, M., Fateev, O., Feng, S., Figuli, S. P. D., Filozova, I., Finogeev, D., Fischer, P., Flemming, H., Förtsch, J., Frankenfeld, U., Friese, V., Friske, E., Fröhlich, I., Frühauf, J., Gajda, J., Galatyuk, T., Gangopadhyay, G., García Chávez, C., Gebelein, J., Ghosh, P., Ghosh, S. K., Gläßel, S., Goffe, M., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golovatyuk, V., Golovnya, S., Golovtsov, V., Golubeva, M., Golubkov, D., Gómez Ramírez, A., Gorbunov, S., Gorokhov, S., Gottschalk, D., Gryboś, P., Grzeszczuk, A., Guber, F., Gudima, K., Gumiński, M., Gupta, A., Gusakov, Y., Han, D., Hartmann, H., He, S., Hehner, J., Heine, N., Herghelegiu, A., Herrmann, N., Heß, B., Heuser, J. M., Himmi, A., Höhne, C., Holzmann, R., Hu, D., Huang, G., Huang, X., Hutter, D., Ierusalimov, A., Ilgenfritz, E.-M., Irfan, M., Ivanischev, D., Ivanov, M., Ivanov, P., Ivanov, V., Ivashkin, A., Jaaskelainen, K., Jahan, H., Jain, V., Jakovlev, V., Janson, T., Jiang, D., Jipa, A., Kadenko, I., Kähler, P., Kämpfer, B., Kalinin, V., Kallunkathariyil, J., Kampert, K.-H., Kaptur, E., Karabowicz, R., Karavichev, O., Karavicheva, T., Karmanov, D., Karnaukhov, V., Karpechev, E., Kasiński, K., Kasprowicz, G., Kaur, M., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Kekelidze, G., Khan, M. M., Khan, S. A., Khanzadeev, A., Khasanov, F., Khvorostukhin, A., Kirakosyan, V., Kirejczyk, M., Kiryakov, A., Kiš, M., Kisel, I., Kisel, P., Kiselev, S., Kiss, T., Klaus, P., Kłeczek, R., Klein-Bösing, C., Kleipa, V., Klochkov, V., Kmon, P., Koch, K., Kochenda, L., Koczoń, P., Koenig, W., Kohn, M., Kolb, B. W., Kolosova, A., Komkov, B., Korolev, M., Korolko, I., Kotte, R., Kovalchuk, A., Kowalski, S., Koziel, M., Kozlov, G., Kozlov, V., Kramarenko, V., Kravtsov, P., Krebs, E., Kreidl, C., Kres, I., Kresan, D., Kretschmar, G., Krieger, M., Kryanev, A. V., Kryshen, E., Kuc, M., Kucewicz, W., Kucher, V., Kudin, L., Kugler, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, L., Kunkel, J., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, N., Kurilkin, A., Kurilkin, P., Kushpil, V., Kuznetsov, S., Kyva, V., Ladygin, V., Lara, C., Larionov, P., Laso García, A., Lavrik, E., Lazanu, I., Lebedev, A., Lebedev, S., Lebedeva, E., Lehnert, J., Lehrbach, J., Leifels, Y., Lemke, F., Li, C., Li, Q., Li, X., Li, Y., Lindenstruth, V., Linnik, B., Liu, F., Lobanov, I., Lobanova, E., Löchner, S., Loizeau, P.-A., Lone, S. A., Lucio Martínez, J. A., Luo, X., Lymanets, A., Lyu, P., Maevskaya, A., Mahajan, S., Mahapatra, D. P., Mahmoud, T., Maj, P., Majka, Z., Malakhov, A., Malankin, E., Malkevich, D., Malyatina, O., Malygina, H., Mandal, M. M., Mandal, S., Manko, V., Manz, S., Marin Garcia, A. M., Markert, J., Masciocchi, S., Matulewicz, T., Meder, L., Merkin, M., Mialkovski, V., Michel, J., Miftakhov, N., Mik, L., Mikhailov, K., Mikhaylov, V., Milanović, B., Militsija, V., Miskowiec, D., Momot, I., Morhardt, T., Morozov, S., Müller, W. F. J., Müntz, C., Mukherjee, S., Muńoz Castillo, C. E., Murin, Y., Najman, R., Nandi, C., Nandy, E., Naumann, L., Nayak, T., Nedosekin, A., Negi, V. S., Niebur, W., Nikulin, V., Normanov, D., Oancea, A., Oh, K., Onishchuk, Y., Ososkov, G., Otfinowski, P., Ovcharenko, E., Pal, S., Panasenko, I., Panda, N. R., Parzhitskiy, S., Patel, V., Pauly, C., Penschuck, M., Peshekhonov, D., Peshekhonov, V., Petráček, V., Petri, M., Petriş, M., Petrovici, A., Petrovici, M., Petrovskiy, A., Petukhov, O., Pfeifer, D., Piasecki, K., Pieper, J., Pietraszko, J., Płaneta, R., Plotnikov, V., Plujko, V., Pluta, J., Pop, A., Pospisil, V., Poźniak, K., Prakash, A., Prasad, S. K., Prokudin, M., Pshenichnov, I., Pugach, M., Pugatch, V., Querchfeld, S., Rabtsun, S., Radulescu, L., Raha, S., Rami, F., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Raportirenko, A., Rautenberg, J., Rauza, J., Ray, R., Razin, S., Reichelt, P., Reinecke, S., Reinefeld, A., Reshetin, A., Ristea, C., Ristea, O., Rodriguez Rodriguez, A., Roether, F., Romaniuk, R., Rost, A., Rostchin, E., Rostovtseva, I., Roy, A., Rożynek, J., Ryabov, Y., Sadovsky, A., Sahoo, R., Sahu, P. K., Sahu, S. K., Saini, J., Samanta, S., Sambyal, S. S., Samsonov, V., Sánchez Rosado, J., Sander, O., Sarangi, S., Satława, T., Sau, S., Saveliev, V., Schatral, S., Schiaua, C., Schintke, F., Schmidt, C. J., Schmidt, H. R., Schmidt, K., Scholten, J., Schweda, K., Seck, F., Seddiki, S., Selyuzhenkov, I., Semennikov, A., Senger, A., Senger, P., Shabanov, A., Shabunov, A., Shao, M., Sheremetiev, A. D., Shi, S., Shumeiko, N., Shumikhin, V., Sibiryak, I., Sikora, B., Simakov, A., Simon, C., Simons, C., Singaraju, R. N., Singh, A. K., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singhal, V., Singla, M., Sitzmann, P., Siwek-Wilczyńska, K., Skwira-Chalot, I., Som, I., Song, G., Song, J., Sosin, Z., Soyk, D., Staszel, P., Strikhanov, M., Strohauer, S., Stroth, J., Sturm, C., Sultanov, R., Sun, Y., Svirida, D., Svoboda, O., Szabó, A., Szczygieł, R., Talukdar, R., Tang, Z., Tanha, M., Tarasiuk, J., Tarassenkova, O., Târzilă, M.-G., Teklishyn, M., Tischler, T., Tlustý, P., Tölyhi, T., Toia, A., Topil'Skaya, N., Träger, M., Tripathy, S., Tsakov, I., Tsyupa, Y., Turowiecki, A., Tuturas, N. G., Uhlig, F., Usenko, E., Valin, I., Varga, D., Vassiliev, I., Vasylyev, O., Verbitskaya, E., Verhoeven, W., Veshikov, A., Visinka, R., Viyogi, Y. P., Volkov, S., Volochniuk, A., Vorobiev, A., Voronin, A., Vovchenko, V., Vznuzdaev, M., Wang, D., Wang, X.-W., Wang, Y., Weber, M., Wendisch, C., Wessels, J. P., Wiebusch, M., Wiechula, J., Wielanek, D., Wieloch, A., Wilms, A., Winckler, N., Winter, M., Wiśniewski, K., Wolf, G., Won, S., Wu, K.-J., Wüstenfeld, J., Xiang, C., Xu, N., Yang, J., Yang, R., Yin, Z., Yoo, I.-K., Yuldashev, B., Yushmanov, I., Zabołotny, W., Zaitsev, Y., Zamiatin, N. I., Zanevsky, Y., Zhalov, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, L., Zheng, J., Zheng, S., Zhou, D., Zhou, J., Zhu, X., Zinchenko, A., Zipper, W., Zrelov, M., Zryuev, V., Zumbruch, P., Zyzak, M., Ablyazimov, T., Abuhoza, A., Adak, R. P., Adamczyk, M., Agarwal, K., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, F., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, S., Akindinov, A., Akishin, P., Akishina, E., Akishina, T., Akishina, V., Akram, A., Al-Turany, M., Alekseev, I., Alexandrov, E., Alexandrov, I., Amar-Youcef, S., Anđelić, M., Andreeva, O., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anisimov, Y., Appelshäuser, H., Argintaru, D., Atkin, E., Avdeev, S., Averbeck, R., Azmi, M. D., Baban, V., Bach, M., Badura, E., Bähr, S., Balog, T., Balzer, M., Bao, E., Baranova, N., Barczyk, T., Bartoş, D., Bashir, S., Baszczyk, M., Batenkov, O., Baublis, V., Baznat, M., Becker, J., Becker, K.-H., Belogurov, S., Belyakov, D., Bendarouach, J., Berceanu, I., Bercuci, A., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Berendes, R., Berezin, G., Bergmann, C., Bertini, D., Bertini, O., Beşliu, C., Bezshyyko, O., Bhaduri, P. P., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bhattacharjee, B., Bhattacharyya, A., Bhattacharyya, T. K., Biswas, S., Blank, T., Blau, D., Blinov, V., Blume, C., Bocharov, Y., Book, J., Breitner, T., Brüning, U., Brzychczyk, J., Bubak, A., Büsching, H., Bus, T., Butuzov, V., Bychkov, A., Byszuk, A., Cai, X., Cálin, M., Cao, P., Caragheorgheopol, G., Carević, I., Cătănescu, V., Chakrabarti, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Chaus, A., Chen, H., Chen, L., Chen, J., Chepurnov, V., Cherif, H., Chernogorov, A., Ciobanu, M. I., Claus, G., Constantin, F., Csanád, M., D'Ascenzo, N., Das, S., Cuveland, J., Debnath, B., Dementiev, D., Deng, W., Deng, C., Deppe, H., Deppner, I., Derenovskaya, O., Deveaux, C. A., Deveaux, M., Dey, K., Dey, M., Dillenseger, P., Dobyrn, V., Doering, D., Dong, S., Dorokhov, A., Dreschmann, M., Drozd, A., Dubey, A. K., Dubnichka, S., Dubnichkova, Z., Dürr, M., Dutka, L., Dželalija, M., Elsha, V. V., Emschermann, D., Engel, H., Eremin, V., Eşanu, T., Eschke, J., Eschweiler, D., Fan, H., Fan, X., Farooq, M., Fateev, O., Feng, S., Figuli, S. P. D., Filozova, I., Finogeev, D., Fischer, P., Flemming, H., Förtsch, J., Frankenfeld, U., Friese, V., Friske, E., Fröhlich, I., Frühauf, J., Gajda, J., Galatyuk, T., Gangopadhyay, G., García Chávez, C., Gebelein, J., Ghosh, P., Ghosh, S. K., Gläßel, S., Goffe, M., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golovatyuk, V., Golovnya, S., Golovtsov, V., Golubeva, M., Golubkov, D., Gómez Ramírez, A., Gorbunov, S., Gorokhov, S., Gottschalk, D., Gryboś, P., Grzeszczuk, A., Guber, F., Gudima, K., Gumiński, M., Gupta, A., Gusakov, Y., Han, D., Hartmann, H., He, S., Hehner, J., Heine, N., Herghelegiu, A., Herrmann, N., Heß, B., Heuser, J. M., Himmi, A., Höhne, C., Holzmann, R., Hu, D., Huang, G., Huang, X., Hutter, D., Ierusalimov, A., Ilgenfritz, E.-M., Irfan, M., Ivanischev, D., Ivanov, M., Ivanov, P., Ivanov, V., Ivashkin, A., Jaaskelainen, K., Jahan, H., Jain, V., Jakovlev, V., Janson, T., Jiang, D., Jipa, A., Kadenko, I., Kähler, P., Kämpfer, B., Kalinin, V., Kallunkathariyil, J., Kampert, K.-H., Kaptur, E., Karabowicz, R., Karavichev, O., Karavicheva, T., Karmanov, D., Karnaukhov, V., Karpechev, E., Kasiński, K., Kasprowicz, G., Kaur, M., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Kekelidze, G., Khan, M. M., Khan, S. A., Khanzadeev, A., Khasanov, F., Khvorostukhin, A., Kirakosyan, V., Kirejczyk, M., Kiryakov, A., Kiš, M., Kisel, I., Kisel, P., Kiselev, S., Kiss, T., Klaus, P., Kłeczek, R., Klein-Bösing, C., Kleipa, V., Klochkov, V., Kmon, P., Koch, K., Kochenda, L., Koczoń, P., Koenig, W., Kohn, M., Kolb, B. W., Kolosova, A., Komkov, B., Korolev, M., Korolko, I., Kotte, R., Kovalchuk, A., Kowalski, S., Koziel, M., Kozlov, G., Kozlov, V., Kramarenko, V., Kravtsov, P., Krebs, E., Kreidl, C., Kres, I., Kresan, D., Kretschmar, G., Krieger, M., Kryanev, A. V., Kryshen, E., Kuc, M., Kucewicz, W., Kucher, V., Kudin, L., Kugler, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, L., Kunkel, J., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, N., Kurilkin, A., Kurilkin, P., Kushpil, V., Kuznetsov, S., Kyva, V., Ladygin, V., Lara, C., Larionov, P., Laso García, A., Lavrik, E., Lazanu, I., Lebedev, A., Lebedev, S., Lebedeva, E., Lehnert, J., Lehrbach, J., Leifels, Y., Lemke, F., Li, C., Li, Q., Li, X., Li, Y., Lindenstruth, V., Linnik, B., Liu, F., Lobanov, I., Lobanova, E., Löchner, S., Loizeau, P.-A., Lone, S. A., Lucio Martínez, J. A., Luo, X., Lymanets, A., Lyu, P., Maevskaya, A., Mahajan, S., Mahapatra, D. P., Mahmoud, T., Maj, P., Majka, Z., Malakhov, A., Malankin, E., Malkevich, D., Malyatina, O., Malygina, H., Mandal, M. M., Mandal, S., Manko, V., Manz, S., Marin Garcia, A. M., Markert, J., Masciocchi, S., Matulewicz, T., Meder, L., Merkin, M., Mialkovski, V., Michel, J., Miftakhov, N., Mik, L., Mikhailov, K., Mikhaylov, V., Milanović, B., Militsija, V., Miskowiec, D., Momot, I., Morhardt, T., Morozov, S., Müller, W. F. J., Müntz, C., Mukherjee, S., Muńoz Castillo, C. E., Murin, Y., Najman, R., Nandi, C., Nandy, E., Naumann, L., Nayak, T., Nedosekin, A., Negi, V. S., Niebur, W., Nikulin, V., Normanov, D., Oancea, A., Oh, K., Onishchuk, Y., Ososkov, G., Otfinowski, P., Ovcharenko, E., Pal, S., Panasenko, I., Panda, N. R., Parzhitskiy, S., Patel, V., Pauly, C., Penschuck, M., Peshekhonov, D., Peshekhonov, V., Petráček, V., Petri, M., Petriş, M., Petrovici, A., Petrovici, M., Petrovskiy, A., Petukhov, O., Pfeifer, D., Piasecki, K., Pieper, J., Pietraszko, J., Płaneta, R., Plotnikov, V., Plujko, V., Pluta, J., Pop, A., Pospisil, V., Poźniak, K., Prakash, A., Prasad, S. K., Prokudin, M., Pshenichnov, I., Pugach, M., Pugatch, V., Querchfeld, S., Rabtsun, S., Radulescu, L., Raha, S., Rami, F., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Raportirenko, A., Rautenberg, J., Rauza, J., Ray, R., Razin, S., Reichelt, P., Reinecke, S., Reinefeld, A., Reshetin, A., Ristea, C., Ristea, O., Rodriguez Rodriguez, A., Roether, F., Romaniuk, R., Rost, A., Rostchin, E., Rostovtseva, I., Roy, A., Rożynek, J., Ryabov, Y., Sadovsky, A., Sahoo, R., Sahu, P. K., Sahu, S. K., Saini, J., Samanta, S., Sambyal, S. S., Samsonov, V., Sánchez Rosado, J., Sander, O., Sarangi, S., Satława, T., Sau, S., Saveliev, V., Schatral, S., Schiaua, C., Schintke, F., Schmidt, C. J., Schmidt, H. R., Schmidt, K., Scholten, J., Schweda, K., Seck, F., Seddiki, S., Selyuzhenkov, I., Semennikov, A., Senger, A., Senger, P., Shabanov, A., Shabunov, A., Shao, M., Sheremetiev, A. D., Shi, S., Shumeiko, N., Shumikhin, V., Sibiryak, I., Sikora, B., Simakov, A., Simon, C., Simons, C., Singaraju, R. N., Singh, A. K., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singhal, V., Singla, M., Sitzmann, P., Siwek-Wilczyńska, K., Skwira-Chalot, I., Som, I., Song, G., Song, J., Sosin, Z., Soyk, D., Staszel, P., Strikhanov, M., Strohauer, S., Stroth, J., Sturm, C., Sultanov, R., Sun, Y., Svirida, D., Svoboda, O., Szabó, A., Szczygieł, R., Talukdar, R., Tang, Z., Tanha, M., Tarasiuk, J., Tarassenkova, O., Târzilă, M.-G., Teklishyn, M., Tischler, T., Tlustý, P., Tölyhi, T., Toia, A., Topil'Skaya, N., Träger, M., Tripathy, S., Tsakov, I., Tsyupa, Y., Turowiecki, A., Tuturas, N. G., Uhlig, F., Usenko, E., Valin, I., Varga, D., Vassiliev, I., Vasylyev, O., Verbitskaya, E., Verhoeven, W., Veshikov, A., Visinka, R., Viyogi, Y. P., Volkov, S., Volochniuk, A., Vorobiev, A., Voronin, A., Vovchenko, V., Vznuzdaev, M., Wang, D., Wang, X.-W., Wang, Y., Weber, M., Wendisch, C., Wessels, J. P., Wiebusch, M., Wiechula, J., Wielanek, D., Wieloch, A., Wilms, A., Winckler, N., Winter, M., Wiśniewski, K., Wolf, G., Won, S., Wu, K.-J., Wüstenfeld, J., Xiang, C., Xu, N., Yang, J., Yang, R., Yin, Z., Yoo, I.-K., Yuldashev, B., Yushmanov, I., Zabołotny, W., Zaitsev, Y., Zamiatin, N. I., Zanevsky, Y., Zhalov, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, L., Zheng, J., Zheng, S., Zhou, D., Zhou, J., Zhu, X., Zinchenko, A., Zipper, W., Zrelov, M., Zryuev, V., Zumbruch, P., and Zyzak, M.

Abstract

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.

Published
2017

32. Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Author

Ablyazimov, T., Abuhoza, A., Adak, R. P., Adamczyk, M., Agarwal, K., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, F., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, S., Akindinov, A., Akishin, P., Akishina, E., Akishina, T., Akishina, V., Akram, A., Al-Turany, M., Alekseev, I., Alexandrov, E., Alexandrov, I., Amar-Youcef, S., Anđelić, M., Andreeva, O., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anisimov, Y., Appelshäuser, H., Argintaru, D., Atkin, E., Avdeev, S., Averbeck, R., Azmi, M. D., Baban, V., Bach, M., Badura, E., Bähr, S., Balog, T., Balzer, M., Bao, E., Baranova, N., Barczyk, T., Bartoş, D., Bashir, S., Baszczyk, M., Batenkov, O., Baublis, V., Baznat, M., Becker, J., Becker, K.-H., Belogurov, S., Belyakov, D., Bendarouach, J., Berceanu, I., Bercuci, A., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Berendes, R., Berezin, G., Bergmann, C., Bertini, D., Bertini, O., Beşliu, C., Bezshyyko, O., Bhaduri, P. P., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bhattacharjee, B., Bhattacharyya, A., Bhattacharyya, T. K., Biswas, S., Blank, T., Blau, D., Blinov, V., Blume, C., Bocharov, Y., Book, J., Breitner, T., Brüning, U., Brzychczyk, J., Bubak, A., Büsching, H., Bus, T., Butuzov, V., Bychkov, A., Byszuk, A., Cai, X., Cálin, M., Cao, P., Caragheorgheopol, G., Carević, I., Cătănescu, V., Chakrabarti, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Chaus, A., Chen, H., Chen, L., Chen, J., Chepurnov, V., Cherif, H., Chernogorov, A., Ciobanu, M. I., Claus, G., Constantin, F., Csanád, M., D'Ascenzo, N., Das, S., Cuveland, J., Debnath, B., Dementiev, D., Deng, W., Deng, C., Deppe, H., Deppner, I., Derenovskaya, O., Deveaux, C. A., Deveaux, M., Dey, K., Dey, M., Dillenseger, P., Dobyrn, V., Doering, D., Dong, S., Dorokhov, A., Dreschmann, M., Drozd, A., Dubey, A. K., Dubnichka, S., Dubnichkova, Z., Dürr, M., Dutka, L., Dželalija, M., Elsha, V. V., Emschermann, D., Engel, H., Eremin, V., Eşanu, T., Eschke, J., Eschweiler, D., Fan, H., Fan, X., Farooq, M., Fateev, O., Feng, S., Figuli, S. P. D., Filozova, I., Finogeev, D., Fischer, P., Flemming, H., Förtsch, J., Frankenfeld, U., Friese, V., Friske, E., Fröhlich, I., Frühauf, J., Gajda, J., Galatyuk, T., Gangopadhyay, G., García Chávez, C., Gebelein, J., Ghosh, P., Ghosh, S. K., Gläßel, S., Goffe, M., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golovatyuk, V., Golovnya, S., Golovtsov, V., Golubeva, M., Golubkov, D., Gómez Ramírez, A., Gorbunov, S., Gorokhov, S., Gottschalk, D., Gryboś, P., Grzeszczuk, A., Guber, F., Gudima, K., Gumiński, M., Gupta, A., Gusakov, Y., Han, D., Hartmann, H., He, S., Hehner, J., Heine, N., Herghelegiu, A., Herrmann, N., Heß, B., Heuser, J. M., Himmi, A., Höhne, C., Holzmann, R., Hu, D., Huang, G., Huang, X., Hutter, D., Ierusalimov, A., Ilgenfritz, E.-M., Irfan, M., Ivanischev, D., Ivanov, M., Ivanov, P., Ivanov, V., Ivashkin, A., Jaaskelainen, K., Jahan, H., Jain, V., Jakovlev, V., Janson, T., Jiang, D., Jipa, A., Kadenko, I., Kähler, P., Kämpfer, B., Kalinin, V., Kallunkathariyil, J., Kampert, K.-H., Kaptur, E., Karabowicz, R., Karavichev, O., Karavicheva, T., Karmanov, D., Karnaukhov, V., Karpechev, E., Kasiński, K., Kasprowicz, G., Kaur, M., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Kekelidze, G., Khan, M. M., Khan, S. A., Khanzadeev, A., Khasanov, F., Khvorostukhin, A., Kirakosyan, V., Kirejczyk, M., Kiryakov, A., Kiš, M., Kisel, I., Kisel, P., Kiselev, S., Kiss, T., Klaus, P., Kłeczek, R., Klein-Bösing, C., Kleipa, V., Klochkov, V., Kmon, P., Koch, K., Kochenda, L., Koczoń, P., Koenig, W., Kohn, M., Kolb, B. W., Kolosova, A., Komkov, B., Korolev, M., Korolko, I., Kotte, R., Kovalchuk, A., Kowalski, S., Koziel, M., Kozlov, G., Kozlov, V., Kramarenko, V., Kravtsov, P., Krebs, E., Kreidl, C., Kres, I., Kresan, D., Kretschmar, G., Krieger, M., Kryanev, A. V., Kryshen, E., Kuc, M., Kucewicz, W., Kucher, V., Kudin, L., Kugler, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, L., Kunkel, J., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, N., Kurilkin, A., Kurilkin, P., Kushpil, V., Kuznetsov, S., Kyva, V., Ladygin, V., Lara, C., Larionov, P., Laso García, A., Lavrik, E., Lazanu, I., Lebedev, A., Lebedev, S., Lebedeva, E., Lehnert, J., Lehrbach, J., Leifels, Y., Lemke, F., Li, C., Li, Q., Li, X., Li, Y., Lindenstruth, V., Linnik, B., Liu, F., Lobanov, I., Lobanova, E., Löchner, S., Loizeau, P.-A., Lone, S. A., Lucio Martínez, J. A., Luo, X., Lymanets, A., Lyu, P., Maevskaya, A., Mahajan, S., Mahapatra, D. P., Mahmoud, T., Maj, P., Majka, Z., Malakhov, A., Malankin, E., Malkevich, D., Malyatina, O., Malygina, H., Mandal, M. M., Mandal, S., Manko, V., Manz, S., Marin Garcia, A. M., Markert, J., Masciocchi, S., Matulewicz, T., Meder, L., Merkin, M., Mialkovski, V., Michel, J., Miftakhov, N., Mik, L., Mikhailov, K., Mikhaylov, V., Milanović, B., Militsija, V., Miskowiec, D., Momot, I., Morhardt, T., Morozov, S., Müller, W. F. J., Müntz, C., Mukherjee, S., Muńoz Castillo, C. E., Murin, Y., Najman, R., Nandi, C., Nandy, E., Naumann, L., Nayak, T., Nedosekin, A., Negi, V. S., Niebur, W., Nikulin, V., Normanov, D., Oancea, A., Oh, K., Onishchuk, Y., Ososkov, G., Otfinowski, P., Ovcharenko, E., Pal, S., Panasenko, I., Panda, N. R., Parzhitskiy, S., Patel, V., Pauly, C., Penschuck, M., Peshekhonov, D., Peshekhonov, V., Petráček, V., Petri, M., Petriş, M., Petrovici, A., Petrovici, M., Petrovskiy, A., Petukhov, O., Pfeifer, D., Piasecki, K., Pieper, J., Pietraszko, J., Płaneta, R., Plotnikov, V., Plujko, V., Pluta, J., Pop, A., Pospisil, V., Poźniak, K., Prakash, A., Prasad, S. K., Prokudin, M., Pshenichnov, I., Pugach, M., Pugatch, V., Querchfeld, S., Rabtsun, S., Radulescu, L., Raha, S., Rami, F., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Raportirenko, A., Rautenberg, J., Rauza, J., Ray, R., Razin, S., Reichelt, P., Reinecke, S., Reinefeld, A., Reshetin, A., Ristea, C., Ristea, O., Rodriguez Rodriguez, A., Roether, F., Romaniuk, R., Rost, A., Rostchin, E., Rostovtseva, I., Roy, A., Rożynek, J., Ryabov, Y., Sadovsky, A., Sahoo, R., Sahu, P. K., Sahu, S. K., Saini, J., Samanta, S., Sambyal, S. S., Samsonov, V., Sánchez Rosado, J., Sander, O., Sarangi, S., Satława, T., Sau, S., Saveliev, V., Schatral, S., Schiaua, C., Schintke, F., Schmidt, C. J., Schmidt, H. R., Schmidt, K., Scholten, J., Schweda, K., Seck, F., Seddiki, S., Selyuzhenkov, I., Semennikov, A., Senger, A., Senger, P., Shabanov, A., Shabunov, A., Shao, M., Sheremetiev, A. D., Shi, S., Shumeiko, N., Shumikhin, V., Sibiryak, I., Sikora, B., Simakov, A., Simon, C., Simons, C., Singaraju, R. N., Singh, A. K., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singhal, V., Singla, M., Sitzmann, P., Siwek-Wilczyńska, K., Skwira-Chalot, I., Som, I., Song, G., Song, J., Sosin, Z., Soyk, D., Staszel, P., Strikhanov, M., Strohauer, S., Stroth, J., Sturm, C., Sultanov, R., Sun, Y., Svirida, D., Svoboda, O., Szabó, A., Szczygieł, R., Talukdar, R., Tang, Z., Tanha, M., Tarasiuk, J., Tarassenkova, O., Târzilă, M.-G., Teklishyn, M., Tischler, T., Tlustý, P., Tölyhi, T., Toia, A., Topil'Skaya, N., Träger, M., Tripathy, S., Tsakov, I., Tsyupa, Y., Turowiecki, A., Tuturas, N. G., Uhlig, F., Usenko, E., Valin, I., Varga, D., Vassiliev, I., Vasylyev, O., Verbitskaya, E., Verhoeven, W., Veshikov, A., Visinka, R., Viyogi, Y. P., Volkov, S., Volochniuk, A., Vorobiev, A., Voronin, A., Vovchenko, V., Vznuzdaev, M., Wang, D., Wang, X.-W., Wang, Y., Weber, M., Wendisch, C., Wessels, J. P., Wiebusch, M., Wiechula, J., Wielanek, D., Wieloch, A., Wilms, A., Winckler, N., Winter, M., Wiśniewski, K., Wolf, G., Won, S., Wu, K.-J., Wüstenfeld, J., Xiang, C., Xu, N., Yang, J., Yang, R., Yin, Z., Yoo, I.-K., Yuldashev, B., Yushmanov, I., Zabołotny, W., Zaitsev, Y., Zamiatin, N. I., Zanevsky, Y., Zhalov, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, L., Zheng, J., Zheng, S., Zhou, D., Zhou, J., Zhu, X., Zinchenko, A., Zipper, W., Zrelov, M., Zryuev, V., Zumbruch, P., Zyzak, M., Ablyazimov, T., Abuhoza, A., Adak, R. P., Adamczyk, M., Agarwal, K., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, F., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, S., Akindinov, A., Akishin, P., Akishina, E., Akishina, T., Akishina, V., Akram, A., Al-Turany, M., Alekseev, I., Alexandrov, E., Alexandrov, I., Amar-Youcef, S., Anđelić, M., Andreeva, O., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anisimov, Y., Appelshäuser, H., Argintaru, D., Atkin, E., Avdeev, S., Averbeck, R., Azmi, M. D., Baban, V., Bach, M., Badura, E., Bähr, S., Balog, T., Balzer, M., Bao, E., Baranova, N., Barczyk, T., Bartoş, D., Bashir, S., Baszczyk, M., Batenkov, O., Baublis, V., Baznat, M., Becker, J., Becker, K.-H., Belogurov, S., Belyakov, D., Bendarouach, J., Berceanu, I., Bercuci, A., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Berendes, R., Berezin, G., Bergmann, C., Bertini, D., Bertini, O., Beşliu, C., Bezshyyko, O., Bhaduri, P. P., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bhattacharjee, B., Bhattacharyya, A., Bhattacharyya, T. K., Biswas, S., Blank, T., Blau, D., Blinov, V., Blume, C., Bocharov, Y., Book, J., Breitner, T., Brüning, U., Brzychczyk, J., Bubak, A., Büsching, H., Bus, T., Butuzov, V., Bychkov, A., Byszuk, A., Cai, X., Cálin, M., Cao, P., Caragheorgheopol, G., Carević, I., Cătănescu, V., Chakrabarti, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Chaus, A., Chen, H., Chen, L., Chen, J., Chepurnov, V., Cherif, H., Chernogorov, A., Ciobanu, M. I., Claus, G., Constantin, F., Csanád, M., D'Ascenzo, N., Das, S., Cuveland, J., Debnath, B., Dementiev, D., Deng, W., Deng, C., Deppe, H., Deppner, I., Derenovskaya, O., Deveaux, C. A., Deveaux, M., Dey, K., Dey, M., Dillenseger, P., Dobyrn, V., Doering, D., Dong, S., Dorokhov, A., Dreschmann, M., Drozd, A., Dubey, A. K., Dubnichka, S., Dubnichkova, Z., Dürr, M., Dutka, L., Dželalija, M., Elsha, V. V., Emschermann, D., Engel, H., Eremin, V., Eşanu, T., Eschke, J., Eschweiler, D., Fan, H., Fan, X., Farooq, M., Fateev, O., Feng, S., Figuli, S. P. D., Filozova, I., Finogeev, D., Fischer, P., Flemming, H., Förtsch, J., Frankenfeld, U., Friese, V., Friske, E., Fröhlich, I., Frühauf, J., Gajda, J., Galatyuk, T., Gangopadhyay, G., García Chávez, C., Gebelein, J., Ghosh, P., Ghosh, S. K., Gläßel, S., Goffe, M., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golovatyuk, V., Golovnya, S., Golovtsov, V., Golubeva, M., Golubkov, D., Gómez Ramírez, A., Gorbunov, S., Gorokhov, S., Gottschalk, D., Gryboś, P., Grzeszczuk, A., Guber, F., Gudima, K., Gumiński, M., Gupta, A., Gusakov, Y., Han, D., Hartmann, H., He, S., Hehner, J., Heine, N., Herghelegiu, A., Herrmann, N., Heß, B., Heuser, J. M., Himmi, A., Höhne, C., Holzmann, R., Hu, D., Huang, G., Huang, X., Hutter, D., Ierusalimov, A., Ilgenfritz, E.-M., Irfan, M., Ivanischev, D., Ivanov, M., Ivanov, P., Ivanov, V., Ivashkin, A., Jaaskelainen, K., Jahan, H., Jain, V., Jakovlev, V., Janson, T., Jiang, D., Jipa, A., Kadenko, I., Kähler, P., Kämpfer, B., Kalinin, V., Kallunkathariyil, J., Kampert, K.-H., Kaptur, E., Karabowicz, R., Karavichev, O., Karavicheva, T., Karmanov, D., Karnaukhov, V., Karpechev, E., Kasiński, K., Kasprowicz, G., Kaur, M., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Kekelidze, G., Khan, M. M., Khan, S. A., Khanzadeev, A., Khasanov, F., Khvorostukhin, A., Kirakosyan, V., Kirejczyk, M., Kiryakov, A., Kiš, M., Kisel, I., Kisel, P., Kiselev, S., Kiss, T., Klaus, P., Kłeczek, R., Klein-Bösing, C., Kleipa, V., Klochkov, V., Kmon, P., Koch, K., Kochenda, L., Koczoń, P., Koenig, W., Kohn, M., Kolb, B. W., Kolosova, A., Komkov, B., Korolev, M., Korolko, I., Kotte, R., Kovalchuk, A., Kowalski, S., Koziel, M., Kozlov, G., Kozlov, V., Kramarenko, V., Kravtsov, P., Krebs, E., Kreidl, C., Kres, I., Kresan, D., Kretschmar, G., Krieger, M., Kryanev, A. V., Kryshen, E., Kuc, M., Kucewicz, W., Kucher, V., Kudin, L., Kugler, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, L., Kunkel, J., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, N., Kurilkin, A., Kurilkin, P., Kushpil, V., Kuznetsov, S., Kyva, V., Ladygin, V., Lara, C., Larionov, P., Laso García, A., Lavrik, E., Lazanu, I., Lebedev, A., Lebedev, S., Lebedeva, E., Lehnert, J., Lehrbach, J., Leifels, Y., Lemke, F., Li, C., Li, Q., Li, X., Li, Y., Lindenstruth, V., Linnik, B., Liu, F., Lobanov, I., Lobanova, E., Löchner, S., Loizeau, P.-A., Lone, S. A., Lucio Martínez, J. A., Luo, X., Lymanets, A., Lyu, P., Maevskaya, A., Mahajan, S., Mahapatra, D. P., Mahmoud, T., Maj, P., Majka, Z., Malakhov, A., Malankin, E., Malkevich, D., Malyatina, O., Malygina, H., Mandal, M. M., Mandal, S., Manko, V., Manz, S., Marin Garcia, A. M., Markert, J., Masciocchi, S., Matulewicz, T., Meder, L., Merkin, M., Mialkovski, V., Michel, J., Miftakhov, N., Mik, L., Mikhailov, K., Mikhaylov, V., Milanović, B., Militsija, V., Miskowiec, D., Momot, I., Morhardt, T., Morozov, S., Müller, W. F. J., Müntz, C., Mukherjee, S., Muńoz Castillo, C. E., Murin, Y., Najman, R., Nandi, C., Nandy, E., Naumann, L., Nayak, T., Nedosekin, A., Negi, V. S., Niebur, W., Nikulin, V., Normanov, D., Oancea, A., Oh, K., Onishchuk, Y., Ososkov, G., Otfinowski, P., Ovcharenko, E., Pal, S., Panasenko, I., Panda, N. R., Parzhitskiy, S., Patel, V., Pauly, C., Penschuck, M., Peshekhonov, D., Peshekhonov, V., Petráček, V., Petri, M., Petriş, M., Petrovici, A., Petrovici, M., Petrovskiy, A., Petukhov, O., Pfeifer, D., Piasecki, K., Pieper, J., Pietraszko, J., Płaneta, R., Plotnikov, V., Plujko, V., Pluta, J., Pop, A., Pospisil, V., Poźniak, K., Prakash, A., Prasad, S. K., Prokudin, M., Pshenichnov, I., Pugach, M., Pugatch, V., Querchfeld, S., Rabtsun, S., Radulescu, L., Raha, S., Rami, F., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Raportirenko, A., Rautenberg, J., Rauza, J., Ray, R., Razin, S., Reichelt, P., Reinecke, S., Reinefeld, A., Reshetin, A., Ristea, C., Ristea, O., Rodriguez Rodriguez, A., Roether, F., Romaniuk, R., Rost, A., Rostchin, E., Rostovtseva, I., Roy, A., Rożynek, J., Ryabov, Y., Sadovsky, A., Sahoo, R., Sahu, P. K., Sahu, S. K., Saini, J., Samanta, S., Sambyal, S. S., Samsonov, V., Sánchez Rosado, J., Sander, O., Sarangi, S., Satława, T., Sau, S., Saveliev, V., Schatral, S., Schiaua, C., Schintke, F., Schmidt, C. J., Schmidt, H. R., Schmidt, K., Scholten, J., Schweda, K., Seck, F., Seddiki, S., Selyuzhenkov, I., Semennikov, A., Senger, A., Senger, P., Shabanov, A., Shabunov, A., Shao, M., Sheremetiev, A. D., Shi, S., Shumeiko, N., Shumikhin, V., Sibiryak, I., Sikora, B., Simakov, A., Simon, C., Simons, C., Singaraju, R. N., Singh, A. K., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singhal, V., Singla, M., Sitzmann, P., Siwek-Wilczyńska, K., Skwira-Chalot, I., Som, I., Song, G., Song, J., Sosin, Z., Soyk, D., Staszel, P., Strikhanov, M., Strohauer, S., Stroth, J., Sturm, C., Sultanov, R., Sun, Y., Svirida, D., Svoboda, O., Szabó, A., Szczygieł, R., Talukdar, R., Tang, Z., Tanha, M., Tarasiuk, J., Tarassenkova, O., Târzilă, M.-G., Teklishyn, M., Tischler, T., Tlustý, P., Tölyhi, T., Toia, A., Topil'Skaya, N., Träger, M., Tripathy, S., Tsakov, I., Tsyupa, Y., Turowiecki, A., Tuturas, N. G., Uhlig, F., Usenko, E., Valin, I., Varga, D., Vassiliev, I., Vasylyev, O., Verbitskaya, E., Verhoeven, W., Veshikov, A., Visinka, R., Viyogi, Y. P., Volkov, S., Volochniuk, A., Vorobiev, A., Voronin, A., Vovchenko, V., Vznuzdaev, M., Wang, D., Wang, X.-W., Wang, Y., Weber, M., Wendisch, C., Wessels, J. P., Wiebusch, M., Wiechula, J., Wielanek, D., Wieloch, A., Wilms, A., Winckler, N., Winter, M., Wiśniewski, K., Wolf, G., Won, S., Wu, K.-J., Wüstenfeld, J., Xiang, C., Xu, N., Yang, J., Yang, R., Yin, Z., Yoo, I.-K., Yuldashev, B., Yushmanov, I., Zabołotny, W., Zaitsev, Y., Zamiatin, N. I., Zanevsky, Y., Zhalov, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, L., Zheng, J., Zheng, S., Zhou, D., Zhou, J., Zhu, X., Zinchenko, A., Zipper, W., Zrelov, M., Zryuev, V., Zumbruch, P., and Zyzak, M.

Abstract

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.

Published
2016

38. Study of strange matter production in the heavy ion collisions at NUCLOTRON

Author

Ablyazimov, Timur O., Aichelin, J., Andreev, V. V., Avdejchikov, V. V., Averianov, A. V., Avramenko, S. V., Akishina, V. P., Akishin, P. G., Aksinenko, V. D., Alfeev, A. V., Alfeev, V. S., Babkin, V. A., Baginyan, S. A., Balandin, V. P., Baranova, A. V., Barznat, M. I., Basylev, S. N., Belyakov, Dmitry V., Bogdanova, G. A., Boguslavsky, I. V., Bolshakova, I. A., Boos, E. E., Bratkovskaya, Elena L., Cassing, W., Chernenko, S. P., Davkov, V., Davkov, K., Demidova, V. I., Deng, Z., Derenovskaya, O. Yu., Donskov, S. V., Dunin, V. B., Ershov, A. A., Fateev, O. V., Fedorov, Yu. I., Gapienko, V. A., Gavrishuk, O. P., Genchev, S. G., Golovatyuk, V. M., Golokhvastov, A. I., Golovnya, S. N., Grigalashvili, N., Guber, F. F., Gudima, K. K., Gumen, S., Gurchin, Yu. V., Hartnack, Christoph, Hayduchok, V., Heuser, J., Huang, X., Ivanov, V. V., Ivashkin, A. P., Ierusalimov, A. P., Ilgenfritz, E.-M., Isupov, A. Yu., Ivanets, V., Janek, M., Karachuk, Yu.-T., Karmanov, D. E., Kekelidze, V. D., Kekelidze, G. D., Khabarov, V. S., Khabarov, S. V., Kholodenko, A. G., Khrenov, A. N., Kireev, V. I., Kiryushin, Yu. T., Kisel, P. I., Kisel, Ivan, Kogut, I., Kokoulina, E. S., Kolesnikov, Vadim Ivanovith, Konchakovski, V., Kopko, B., Korolev, M. G., Korotkova, A. M., Kost, Y., Kovaljova, N., Kovtun, V. E., Kozachenko, L., Kravets, M., Kugler, A., Kurbatov, E. O., Kurepin, A. B., Kurilkin, Alexei. K., Kurilkin, Pavel. K., Kushpil, V., Kutov, A. Yu., Kuznezov, A. V., Kuzmin, N. A., Ladygin, E. A., Ladygin, Vladimir P., Ladygina, N. B., Lebedev, A. A., Lenok, V. V., Levchenko, A., Li, Y., Linnyk, O., Lipchinski, D., Litvinenko, E. P., Lobastov, S. P., Lokhtin, I. P., Lukstins, J., Lyashchenko, V. N., Madigozhin, D. T., Makido, O., Maksimenko, N. V., Malakhov, A. I., Malinina, L. V., Martinska, M., Merkin, M. M., Mikhaylov, Yu. V., Mialkovsky, V. V., Moroz, A., Murin, Yu. N., Nagorny, S. N., Nakalov, Y., Nikitin, V. A., Nomokonov, P. V., Okhrimenko, O. V., Palynyak, I., Pavljuchkov, V. V., Parfenov, A. N., Petukhov, Yu. P., Pechenov, V. N., Pechenova, O. Yu., Peshekhonov, V. D., Piyadin, S. M., Polyakov, V. A., Popovichi, J., Radkov, I. S., Radnev, S. V., Rakhlin, L., Raportirenko, A. M., Rashevski, G., Reva, S. N., Reznikov, S. G., Riadovikov, V. N., Rukoyatkin, P. A., Rufanov, I. A., Sadovsky, A. S., Semak, A. A., Senger, P., Shabunov, A. V., Shapovalov, H., Shejnast, V., Shkilyov, A. L., Shurygin, F., Shutov, A. V., Slepnev, V. M., Slepnev, I. V., Snigirev, A. M., Sushko, I., Suzdalev, V. I., Svoboda, O., Syschenko, V. V., Sychkov, S. Yu., Terekhin, A .A., Terlezky, A. V., Teryaev, O. V., Tiflov, V. V., Tikhomirov, V. V., Tlusty, P., Topilin, N. D., Trpisova, B., Tsupa, Yu. P., Turchin, A. A., Tymoshyn, S., Ukhanov, M. N., Usenko, E. A., Urban, J., Vasendina, V. A., Vasiliev, T. A., Vassiliev, Yuri, Vladimirova, N. M., Vishnevsky, A. V., Vnukov, I. E., Vokal, S., Volgin, S. V., Volkov, V. Yu., Vorobiev, A. P., Voronin, A. G., Voronyuk, V. V., Voroshylo, H., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Yerashok, V., Yukaev, A. I., Zagachevskyi, Y., Zaljyubovsky, I. I., Zanevsky, Yu. V., Zenkov, A., Zhu, X., Zinchenko, A. P., Zrelov, P. V., and Zryuev, V. N.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Theory, ddc:530, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

It is proposed to install an experimental setup in the fixed-target hall of the Nuclotron with the final goal to perform a research program focused on the production of strange matter in heavyion collisions at beam energies between 2 and 6 A GeV. The basic setup will comprise a large acceptance dipole magnet with inner tracking detector modules based on double-sided Silicon micro-strip sensors and GEMs. The outer tracking will be based on the drift chambers and straw tube detector. Particle identification will be based on the time-of-flight measurements. This setup will be sufficient perform a comprehensive study of strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions, including multi-strange hyperons, multi-strange hypernuclei, and exotic multi-strange heavy objects. These pioneering measurements would provide the first data on the production of these particles in heavy-ion collisions at Nuclotron beam energies, and would open an avenue to explore the third (strangeness) axis of the nuclear chart. The extension of the experimental program is related with the study of in-medium effects for vector mesons decaying in hadronic modes. The studies of the NN and NA reactions for the reference is assumed.

Published
2012

41. The alice experiment at the CERN LHC

Author

Aamodt, K. Quintana, A.A. Achenbach, R. Acounis, S. Adamová, D. Adler, C. Aggarwal, M. Agnese, F. Rinella, G.A. Ahammed, Z. Ahmad, A. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, S. Akindinov, A. Akishin, P. Aleksandrov, D. Alessandro, B. Alfaro, R. Alfarone, G. Alici, A. Alme, J. Alt, T. Altinpinar, S. Amend, W. Andrei, C. Andres, Y. Andronic, A. Anelli, G. Anfreville, M. Angelov, V. Anzo, A. Anson, C. Anticić, T. Antonenko, V. Antonczyk, D. Antinori, F. Antinori, S. Antonioli, P. Aphecetche, L. Appelshäuser, H. Aprodu, V. Arba, M. Arcelli, S. Argentieri, A. Armesto, N. Arnaldi, R. Arefiev, A. Arsene, I. Asryan, A. Augustinus, A. Awes, T.C. Äysto, J. Azmi, M.D. Bablock, S. Badalà, A. Badyal, S.K. Baechler, J. Bagnasco, S. Bailhache, R. Bala, R. Baldisseri, A. Baldit, A. Bán, J. Barbera, R. Barberis, P.-L. Barbet, J.M. Barnäfoldi, G. Barret, V. Bartke, J. Bartos, D. Basile, M. Basmanov, V. Bastid, N. Batigne, G. Batyunya, B. Baudot, J. Baumann, C. Bearden, I. Becker, B. Belikov, J. Bellwied, R. Belmont-Moreno, E. Belogianni, A. Belyaev, S. Benato, A. Beney, J.L. Benhabib, L. Benotto, F. Beolé, S. Berceanu, I. Bercuci, A. Berdermann, E. Berdnikov, Y. Bernard, C. Berny, R. Berst, J.D. Bertelsen, H. Betev, L. Bhasin, A. Baskar, P. Bhati, A. Bianchi, N. Bielčik, J. Bielčiková, J. Bimbot, L. Blanchard, G. Blanco, F. Blanco, F. Blau, D. Blume, C. Blyth, S. Boccioli, M. Bogdanov, A. Boøggild, H. Bogolyubsky, M. Boldizsár, L. Bombara, M. Bombonati, C. Bondila, M. Bonnet, D. Bonvicini, V. Borel, H. Borotto, F. Borshchov, V. Bortoli, Y. Borysov, O. Bose, S. Bosisio, L. Botje, M. Böttger, S. Bourdaud, G. Bourrion, O. Bouvier, S. Braem, A. Braun, M. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bravina, L. Bregant, M. Bruckner, G. Brun, R. Bruna, E. Brunasso, O. Bruno, G.E. Bucher, D. Budilov, V. Budnikov, D. Buesching, H. Buncic, P. Burns, M. Burachas, S. Busch, O. Bushop, J. Cai, X. Caines, H. Calaon, F. Caldogno, M. Cali, I. Camerini, P. Campagnolo, R. Campbell, M. Cao, X. Capitani, G.P. Romeo, G.C. Cardenas-Montes, M. Carduner, H. Carena, F. Carena, W. Cariola, P. Carminati, F. Casado, J. Diaz., A.C. Caselle, M. Castellanos, J.C. Castor, J. Catanescu, V. Cattaruzza, E. Cavazza, D. Cerello, P. Ceresa, S. Černý, V. Chambert, V. Chapeland, S. Charpy, A. Charrier, D. Chartoire, M. Charvet, J.L. Chattopadhyay, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Chepurnov, V. Chernenko, S. Cherney, M. Cheshkov, C. Cheynis, B. Chochula, P. Chiavassa, E. Barroso, V.C. Choi, J. Christakoglou, P. Christiansen, P. Christensen, C. Chykalov, O.A. Cicalo, C. Cifarelli-Strolin, L. Ciobanu, M. Cindolo, F. Cirstoiu, C. Clausse, O. Cleymans, J. Cobanoglu, O. Coffin, J.-P. Coli, S. Colla, A. Colledani, C. Combaret, C. Combet, M. Comets, M. Balbastre, G.C. Del Valle, Z.C. Contin, G. Contreras, J. Cormier, T. Corsi, F. Cortese, P. Costa, F. Crescio, E. Crochet, P. Cuautle, E. Cussonneau, J. Dahlinger, M. Dainese, A. Dalsgaard, H.H. Daniel, L. Das, I. Das, T. Dash, A. Da Silva, R. Davenport, M. Daues, H. De Caro, A. De Cataldo, G. De Cuveland, J. De Falco, A. De Gaspari, M. De Girolamo, P. De Groot, J. De Gruttola, D. De Haas, A. De Marco, N. De Pasquale, S. De Remigis, P. De Vaux, D. Decock, G. Delagrange, H. Del Franco, M. Dellacasa, G. Dell'Olio, C. Dell'Olio, D. Deloff, A. Demanov, V. Dénes, E. D'Erasmo, G. Derkach, D. Devaux, A. Di Bari, D. Di Bartolomeo, A. Di Giglio, C. Di Liberto, S. Di Mauro, A. Di Nezza, P. Dialinas, M. Diaz, L. Valdes, R.D. Dietel, T. Dima, R. Ding, H. Dinca, C. Divià, R. Dobretsov, V. Dobrin, A. Doenigus, B. Dobrowolski, T. Domínguez, I. Dorn, M. Drouet, S. Dubey, A.E. Ducroux, L. Dumitrache, F. Dumonteil, E. Dupieux, P. Duta, V. Majumdar, A.D. Majumdar, M.D. Dyhre, T. Efimov, L. Efremov, A. Elia, D. Emschermann, D. Engster, C. Enokizono, A. Espagnon, B. Estienne, M. Evangelista, A. Evans, D. Evrard, S. Fabjan, C.W. Fabris, D. Faivre, J. Falchieri, D. Fantoni, A. Farano, R. Fearick, R. Fedorov, O. Fekete, V. Felea, D. Feofilov, G. Téllez., A.F. Ferretti, A. Fichera, F. Filchagin, S. Filoni, E. Finck, C. Fini, R. Fiore, E.M. Flierl, D. Floris, M. Fodor, Z. Foka, Y. Fokin, S. Force, P. Formenti, F. Fragiacomo, E. Fragkiadakis, M. Fraissard, D. Franco, A. Franco, M. Frankenfeld, U. Fratino, U. Fresneau, S. Frolov, A. Fuchs, U. Fujita, J. Furget, C. Furini, M. Girard, M.F. Gaardhoøje, J.-J. Gabrielli, A. Gadrat, S. Gagliardi, M. Gago, A. Gaido, L. Torreira, A.G. Gallio, M. Gandolfi, E. Ganoti, P. Ganti, M. Garabatos, J. Lopez, A.G. Garizzo, L. Gaudichet, L. Gemme, R. Germain, M. Gheata, A. Gheata, M. Ghidini, B. Ghosh, P. Giolu, G. Giraudo, G. Giubellino, P. Glasow, R. Glässel, P. Ferreiro, E.G. Gutierrez, C.G. Gonzales-Trueba, L.H. Gorbunov, S. Gorbunov, Y. Gos, H. Gosset, J. Gotovac, S. Gottschlag, H. Gottschalk, D. Grabski, V. Grassi, T. Gray, H. Grebenyuk, O. Grebieszkow, K. Gregory, C. Grigoras, C. Grion, N. Grigoriev, V. Grigoryan, A. Grigoryan, C. Grigoryan, S. Grishuk, Y. Gros, P. Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. Grossiord, J.-Y. Grosso, R. Grynyov, B. Guarnaccia, C. Guber, F. Guerin, F. Guernane, R. Guerzoni, M. Guichard, A. Guida, M. Guilloux, G. Gulkanyan, H. Gulbrandsen, K. Gunji, T. Gupta, A. Gupta, V. Gustafsson, H.-A. Gutbrod, H. Hadjidakis, C. Haiduc, M. Hamar, G. Hamagaki, H. Hamblen, J. Hansen, J.C. Hardy, P. Hatzifotiadou, D. Harris, J.W. Hartig, M. Harutyunyan, A. Hayrapetyan, A. Hasch, D. Hasegan, D. Hehner, J. Heine, N. Heinz, M. Helstrup, H. Herghelegiu, A. Herlant, S. Corral, G.H. Herrmann, N. Hetland, K. Hille, P. Hinke, H. Hippolyte, B. Hoch, M. Hoebbel, H. Hoedlmoser, H. Horaguchi, T. Horner, M. Hristov, P. Hřivnáčová, I. Hu, S. Guo, C.H. Humanic, T. Hurtado, A. Hwang, D.S. Ianigro, J.C. Idzik, M. Igolkin, S. Ilkaev, R. Ilkiv, I. Imhoff, M. Innocenti, P.G. Ionescu, E. Ippolitov, M. Irfan, M. Insa, C. Inuzuka, M. Ivan, C. Ivanov, A. Ivanov, M. Ivanov, V. Jacobs, P. Jacholkowski, A. Jančurová, L. Janik, R. Jasper, M. Jena, C. Jirden, L. Johnson, D.P. Jones, G.T. Jorgensen, C. Jouve, F. Jovanović, P. Junique, A. Jusko, A. Jung, H. Jung, W. Kadija, K. Kamal, A. Kamermans, R. Kapusta, S. Kaidalov, A. Kakoyan, V. Kalcher, S. Kang, E. Kapitan, J. Kaplin, V. Karadzhev, K. Karavichev, O. Karavicheva, T. Karpechev, E. Karpio, K. Kazantsev, A. Kebschull, U. Keidel, R. Khan, M.M. Khanzadeev, A. Kharlov, Y. Kikola, D. Kileng, B. Kim, D. Kim, D.S. Kim, D.W. Kim, H.N. Kim, J.S. Kim, S. Kinson, J.B. Kiprich, S.K. Kisel, I. Kiselev, S. Kisiel, A. Kiss, T. Kiworra, V. Klay, J. Bösing, C.K. Kliemant, M. Klimov, A. Klovning, A. Kluge, A. Kluit, R. Kniege, S. Kolevatov, R. Kollegger, T. Kolojvari, A. Kondratiev, V. Kornas, E. Koshurnikov, E. Kotov, I. Kour, R. Kowalski, M. Kox, S. Kozlov, K. Králik, I. Kramer, F. Kraus, I. Kravčáková, A. Krawutschke, T. Krivda, M. Kryshen, E. Kucheriaev, Y. Kugler, A. Kuhn, C. Kuijer, P. Kumar, L. Kumar, N. Kumpumaeki, P. Kurepin, A. Kurepin, A.N. Kushpil, S. Kushpil, V. Kutovsky, M. Kvaerno, H. Kweon, M. Labbé, J.-C. Lackner, F. De Guevara, P.L. Lafage, V. La Rocca, P. Lamont, M. Lara, C. Larsen, D.T. Laurenti, G. Lazzeroni, C. Le Bornec, Y. Le Bris, N. Le Gailliard, C. Lebedev, V. Lecoq, J. Lee, K.S. Lee, S.C. Lefévre, F. Legrand, I. Lehmann, T. Leistam, L. Lenoir, P. Lenti, V. Leon, H. Monzon, I.L. Lévai, P. Li, Q. Li, X. Librizzi, F. Lietava, R. Lindegaard, N. Lindenstruth, V. Lippmann, C. Lisa, M. Listratenko, O.M. Littel, F. Liu, Y. Lo, J. Lobanov, V. Loginov, V. Noriega, M.L. Lopez-Ramirez, R. Torres, E.L. Lorenzo, P.M. Loøvhoøiden, G. Lu, S. Ludolphs, W. Lunardon, M. Luquin, L. Lusso, S. Lutz, J-R. Luvisetto, M. Lyapin, V. Maevskaya, A. Magureanu, C. Mahajan, A. Majahan, S. Mahmoud, T. Mairani, A. Mahapatra, D. Makarov, A. Makhlyueva, I. Malek, M. Malkiewicz, T. Mal'Kevich, D. Malzacher, P. Mamonov, A. Manea, C. Mangotra, L.K. Maniero, D. Manko, V. Manso, F. Manzari, V. Mao, Y. Marcel, A. Marchini, S. Mareš, J. Margagliotti, G.V. Margotti, A. Marin, A. Marin, J.-C. Marras, D. Martinengo, P. Martínez, M.I. Martinez-Davalos, A. Garcia, G.M. Martini, S. Chiesa, A.M. Marzocca, C. Masciocchi, S. Masera, M. Masetti, M. Maslov, N.I. Masoni, A. Massera, F. Mast, M. Mastroserio, A. Matthews, Z.L. Mayer, B. Mazza, G. Mazzaro, M.D. Mazzoni, A. Meddi, F. Meleshko, E. Menchaca-Rocha, A. Meneghini, S. Meoni, M. Perez, J.M. Mereu, P. Meunier, O. Miake, Y. Michalon, A. Michinelli, R. Miftakhov, N. Mignone, M. Mikhailov, K. Milosevic, J. Minaev, Y. Minafra, F. Mischke, A. Miśkowiec, D. Mitsyn, V. Mitu, C. Mohanty, B. Moisa, D. Molnar, L. Mondal, M. Mondal, N. Zetina, L.M. Monteno, M. Morando, M. Morel, M. Moretto, S. Morhardt, T. Morsch, A. Moukhanova, T. Mucchi, M. Muccifora, V. Mudnic, E. Müller, H. M̈uller, W. Munoz, J. Mura, D. Musa, L. Muraz, J.F. Musso, A. Nania, R. Nandi, B. Nappi, E. Navach, F. Navin, S. Nayak, T. Nazarenko, S. Nazarov, G. Nellen, L. Nendaz, F. Nianine, A. Nicassio, M. Nielsen, B.S. Nikolaev, S. Nikolic, V. Nikulin, S. Nikulin, V. Nilsen, B. Nitti, M. Noferini, F. Nomokonov, P. Nooren, G. Noto, F. Nouais, D. Nyiri, A. Nystrand, J. Odyniec, G. Oeschler, H. Oinonen, M. Oldenburg, M. Oleks, I. Olsen, E.K. Onuchin, V. Oppedisano, C. Orsini, F. Ortiz-Velázquez, A. Oskamp, C. Oskarsson, A. Osmic, F. Österman, L. Otterlund, I. Ovrebekk, G. Oyama, K. Pachr, M. Pagano, P. Paić, G. Pajares, C. Pal, S. Pal, S. Pálla, G. Palmeri, A. Pancaldi, G. Panse, R. Pantaleo, A. Pappalardo, G.S. Pastirčák, B. Pastore, C. Patarakin, O. Paticchio, V. Patimo, G. Pavlinov, A. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Penichot, Y. Pepato, A. Pereira, H. Peresunko, D. Perez, C. Griffo, J.P. Perini, D. Perrino, D. Peryt, W. Pesci, A. Peskov, V. Pestov, Y. Peters, A.J. Petrá̌ek, V. Petridis, A. Petris, M. Petrov, V. Petrov, V. Petrovici, M. Peyré, J. Piano, S. Piccotti, A. Pichot, P. Piemonte, C. Pikna, M. Pilastrini, R. Pillot, P. Pinazza, O. Pini, B. Pinsky, L. Morais, V.P. Pismennaya, V. Piuz, F. Platt, R. Ploskon, M. Plumeri, S. Pluta, J. Pocheptsov, T. Podesta, P. Poggio, F. Poghosyan, M. Poghosyan, T. Polak, K. Polichtchouk, B. Polozov, P. Polyakov, V. Pommeresch, B. Pompei, F. Pop, A. Popescu, S. Posa, F. Pospíšil, V. Potukuchi, B. Pouthas, J. Prasad, S. Preghenella, R. Prino, F. Prodan, L. Prono, G. Protsenko, M.A. Pruneau, C.A. Przybyla, A. Pshenichnov, I. Puddu, G. Pujahari, P. Pulvirenti, A. Punin, A. Punin, V. Putschke, J. Quartieri, J. Quercigh, E. Rachevskaya, I. Rachevski, A. Rademakers, A. Radomski, S. Radu, A. Rak, J. Ramello, L. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Rasmussen, O.B. Rasson, J. Razin, V. Read, K. Real, J. Redlich, K. Reichling, C. Renard, C. Renault, G. Renfordt, R. Reolon, A.R. Reshetin, A. Revol, J.-P. Reygers, K. Ricaud, H. Riccati, L. Ricci, R.A. Richter, M. Riedler, P. Rigalleau, L.M. Riggi, F. Riegler, W. Rindel, E. Riso, J. Rivetti, A. Rizzi, M. Rizzi, V. Cahuantzi, M.R. Roøed, K. Röhrich, D. Román-López, S. Romanato, M. Romita, R. Ronchetti, F. Rosinsky, P. Rosnet, P. Rossegger, S. Rossi, A. Rostchin, V. Rotondo, F. Roukoutakis, F. Rousseau, S. Roy, C. Roy, D. Roy, P. Royer, L. Rubin, G. Rubio, A. 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Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Instrumentation for heavyion accelerators; Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings-high energy; Cherenkov and transition radiation; Gaseous detectors; Liquid detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes; Solid state detectors; Calorimeters; Cherenkov detectors; dE/dx detectors; Gamma detectors; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle identification methods; Particle tracking detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Spectrometers; Time projection chambers; Timing detectors; Transition radiation detectors; Analysis and statistical methods; Computing; Data processing methods; Data reduction methods; Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods; Simulation methods and programs; Software architectures; Detector alignment and calibration methods; Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization; Detector design and construction technologies and materials; Detector grounding; Manufacturing; Overall mechanics design; Special cables; Voltage distributions. ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 16x16x26 m3with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Published
2008

42. The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC

Author

Collaboration, The ALICE, Aamodt, K., Quintana, A Abrahantes, Achenbach, R., Acounis, S., Adamová, D., Adler, C., Aggarwal, M., Agnese, F., Rinella, G Aglieri, Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, S., Akindinov, A., Akishin, P., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfaro, R., Alfarone, G., Alici, A., Alme, J., Alt, T., Altinpinar, S., Amend, W., Andrei, C., Andres, Y., Andronic, Anton, Anelli, G., Anfreville, M., Angelov, V., Anzo, A., Anson, C., Anticić, T., Antonenko, V., Antonczyk, D., Antinori, F., Antinori, S., Antonioli, P., Aphecetche, L., Appelshäuser, H., Aprodu, V., Arba, M., Arcelli, S., Argentieri, A., Armesto, N., Arnaldi, R., Arefiev, A., Arsene, I., Asryan, A., Augustinus, A., Awes, T. C., Äysto, J., Azmi, M Danish, Bablock, S., Badalà, A., Badyal, S. K., Baechler, J., Bagnasco, S., Bailhache, Raphaelle, Bala, R., Baldisseri, A., Baldit, A., Bán, J., Barbera, R., Barberis, P-L, Barbet, J. 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S., Su, G., Sugitate, T., Šumbera, M., Suire, C., Susa, T., Kumar, K Sushil, Swoboda, D., Symons, J., Szarka, I., Szostak, A., Szuba, M., Szymanski, P., Tadel, M., Tagridis, C., Tan, L., Takaki, D Tapia, Taureg, H., Tauro, A., Tavlet, M., Munoz, G Tejeda, Thäder, J., Tieulent, R., Timmer, P., Tolyhy, T., Topilskaya, N., Matos, C Torcato De, Torii, H., Toscano, L., Tosello, F., Tournaire, A., Traczyk, T., Tröger, G., Tromeur, W., Truesdale, D., Trzaska, W., Tsiledakis, G., Tsilis, E., Tsvetkov, A., Turcato, M., Turrisi, R., Tuveri, M., Tveter, T., Tydesjo, H., Tykarski, L., Tywoniuk, K., Ugolini, E., Ullaland, K., Urbán, J., Urciuoli, G. M., Usai, G. L., Usseglio, M., Vacchi, A., Vala, M., Valiev, F., Vyvre, P Vande, Brink, A Van Den, Eijndhoven, N Van, Kolk, N Van Der, Leeuwen, M Van, Vannucci, L., Vanzetto, S., Vanuxem, J-P, Vargas, M. A., Varma, R., Vascotto, A., Vasiliev, A., Vassiliou, M., Vasta, P., Vechernin, V., Venaruzzo, M., Vercellin, E., Vergara, S., Verhoeven, W., Veronese, F., Vetlitskiy, I., Vernet, R., Victorov, V., Vidak, L., Viesti, G., Vikhlyantsev, O., Vilakazi, Z., Baillie, O Villalobos, Vinogradov, A., Vinogradov, L., Vinogradov, Y., Virgili, T., Viyogi, Y., Vodopianov, A., Volpe, G., Vranic, D., Vrláková, J., Vulpescu, B., Wabnitz, C., Wagner, V., Wallet, L., Wan, R., Wang, Y., Wheadon, R., Weis, R., Wen, Q., Wessels, J., Westergaard, J., Wiechula, Jens, Wiesenaecker, A., Wikne, J., Wilk, A., Wilk, G., Williams, C., Willis, N., Windelband, B., Witt, R., Woehri, H., Wyllie, K., Xu, C., Yang, C., Yang, H., Yermia, F., Yin, Z., Ky, B Yun, Yushmanov, I., Yuting, B., Zabrodin, E., Zagato, S., Zagreev, B., Zaharia, P., Zalite, A., Zampa, G., Zampolli, C., Zanevskiy, Y., Zarochentsev, A., Zaudtke, O., Závada, P., Zbroszczyk, H., Zepeda, A., Zeter, V., Zgura, I., Zhalov, M., Zhou, D., Zhou, S., Zhu, G., Zichichi, A., Zinchenko, A., Zinovjev, G., Zoccarato, Y., Zubarev, A., Zucchini, A., Zuffa, M., Collaboration, Alice, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), ALICE, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), V., Bonvicini, O., Borysov, L., Bosisio, M., Bregant, Camerini, Paolo, E., Cataruzza, Contin, Giacomo, E., Fragiacomo, N., Grion, Margagliotti, Giacomo, S., Piano, C., Piemonte, I., Rachevskaya, A., Rachevski, Rossi, Andrea, Rui, Rinaldo, A., Vacchi, M., Venaruzzo, G., Zampa, AL ALICE COLLABORATION, E. T., Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), K. 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YANG, H. YANG, F. YERMIA, Z. YIN, B. YUN KY, I. YUSHMANOV, B. YUTING, E. ZABRODIN, S. ZAGATO, B. ZAGREEV, P. ZAHARIA, A. ZALITE, G. ZAMPA, C. ZAMPOLLI, Y. ZANEVSKIY, A. ZAROCHENTSEV, O. ZAUDTKE, P. ZÁVADA, H. ZBROSZCZYK, A. ZEPEDA, V. ZETER, I. ZGURA, M. ZHALOV, D. ZHOU, S. ZHOU, G. ZHU, A. ZICHICHI, A. ZINCHENKO, G. ZINOVJEV, Y. ZOCCARATO, A. ZUBAREV, A. ZUCCHINI, AND M. ZUFFA., and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
visible and IR photons, Liquid detectors, high energy, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Transition radiation detectors, Timing detectors, 01 natural sciences, Overall mechanics design, Particle identification, Software architectures, Particle identification methods, Gaseous detectors, cluster finding, Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization, Detector grounding, Particle tracking detectors, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Special cables, Detector alignment and calibration methods, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, Voltage distributions, Photon detectors for UV, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Spectrometers, Detector, calibration and fitting methods, Transition radiation detector, Scintillators, Data processing methods, Analysis and statistical methods, Data reduction methods, Particle physics, Cherenkov and transition radiation, Time projection chambers, dE/dx detectors, Nuclear physics, Calorimeters, Pattern recognition, Gamma detectors, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:610, Solid state detectors, 010306 general physics, Muon, Instrumentation for heavy-ion accelerators, Spectrometer, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, CERN, LHC, ALICE, heavy ion, QGP, Cherenkov detectors, Computing, Manufacturing, scintillation and light emission processes, analysis and statistical methods, calorimeters, cherenkov and transition radiation, cherenkov detectors, computing, data processing methods, data reduction methods, de/dx detectors, detector alignment and calibration methods, detector cooling and thermo-stabilization, detector design and construction technologies and materials, detector grounding, gamma detectors, gaseous detectors, instrumentation for heavy-ion accelerators, instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - high energy, large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, liquid detectors, manufacturing, overall mechanics design, particle identification methods, particle tracking detectors, pattern recognition, photon detectors for uv, visible and ir photons, scintillators, simulation methods and programs, software architectures, solid state detectors, special cables, spectrometers, time projection chambers, timing detectors, transition radiation detectors, voltage distributions, Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Simulation methods and programs, Detector design and construction technologies and materials
Abstract

Journal of Instrumentation 3(08), S08002 (2008). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08002, Published by Inst. of Physics, London

Published
2008

43. ALICE: Physics performance report, volume II

Author

Aamodt, K, Quintana, Aa, Achenbach, R, Acounis, S, Adamova, D, Adler, C, Aggarwal, M, Agnese, F, Rinella, Ga, Ahammed, Z, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, N, Ahmad, S, Akindinov, A, Akishin, P, Aleksandrov, D, Alessandro, B, Alfaro, R, Alfarone, G, Alici, A, Alme, J, Alt, T, Altinpinar, S, Amend, W, Andrei, C, Andres, Y, Andronic, A, Anelli, G, Anfreville, M, Angelov, V, Anzo, A, Anson, C, Anticic, T, Antonenko, V, Antonczyk, D, Antinori, F, Antinori, S, Antonioli, P, Aphecetche, L, Appelshauser, H, Aprodu, V, Arba, M, Arcelli, S, Argentieri, A, Armesto, N, Arnaldi, R, Arefiev, A, Arsene, I, Asryan, A, Augustinus, A, Awes, Tc, Aysto, J, Azmi, Md, Bablock, S, Badala, A, Badyal, Sk, Baechler, J, Bagnasco, S, Bailhache, R, Bala, R, Baldisseri, A, Baldit, A, Ban, J, Barbera, R, Barberis, Pl, Barbet, Jm, Barnafoldi, G, Barret, V, Bartke, J, Bartos, D, Basile, M, Basmanov, V, Bastid, N, Batigne, G, Batyunya, B, Baudot, J, Baumann, C, Bearden, I, Becker, B, Belikov, J, Bellwied, R, BELMONT MORENO, E, Belogianni, A, Belyaev, S, Benato, A, Beney, Jl, Benhabib, L, Benotto, F, Beoe, S, Berceanu, I, Bercuci, A, Berdermann, E, Berdnikov, Y, Bernard, C, Berny, R, Berst, Jd, Bertelsen, H, Betev, L, Bhasin, A, Baskar, P, Bhati, A, Bianchi, N, Bielcik, J, Bielcikova, J, Bimbot, L, Blanchard, G, Blanco, F, Blau, D, Blume, C, Blyth, S, Boccioli, M, Bogdanov, A, Boggild, H, Bogolyubsky, M, Boldizsar, L, Bombara, M, Bombonati, C, Bondila, M, Bonnet, D, Bonvicini, V, Borel, H, Borotto, F, Borshchov, V, Bortoli, Y, Borysov, O, Bose, S, Bosisio, L, Botje, M, Bottger, S, Bourdaud, G, Bourrion, O, Bouvier, S, Braem, A, Braun, M, BRAUN MUNZINGER, P, Bravina, L, Bregant, M, Bruckner, G, Brun, R, Bruna, E, Brunasso, O, Bruno, Ge, Bucher, D, Budilov, V, Budnikov, D, Buesching, H, Buncic, P, Burns, M, Burachas, S, Busch, O, Bushop, J, Cai, X, Caines, H, Calaon, F, Caldogno, M, Cali, I, Camerini, P, Campagnolo, R, Campbell, M, Cao, X, Capitani, Gp, Romeo, Gc, CARDENAS MONTES, M, Carduner, H, Carena, F, 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DE GRUTTOLA, D, DE HAAS, A, DE MARCO, N, DE PASQUALE, S, DE REMIGIS, P, DE VAUX, D, Decock, G, Delagrange, H, DEL FRANCO, M, Dellacasa, G, Dell'Olio, C, Dell'Olio, D, Deloff, A, Demanov, V, Denes, E, D'Erasmo, G, Derkach, D, Devaux, A, DI BARI, D, DI BARTELOMEN, A, DI GIGLIO, C, DI LIBERTO, S, DI MAURO, A, DI NEZZA, P, Dialinas, M, Diaz, L, Valdes, Rd, Dietel, T, Dima, R, Ding, H, Dinca, C, Divia, R, Dobretsov, V, Dobrin, A, Doenigus, B, Dobrowolski, T, Dominguez, I, Dorn, A, Drouet, S, Dubey, Ae, Ducroux, L, Dumitrache, F, Dumonteil, E, Dupieux, P, Duta, V, Majumdar, Ad, Majumdar, Md, Dyhre, T, Efimov, L, Efremov, A, Elia, D, Emschermann, D, Engster, C, Enokizono, A, Espagnon, B, Estienne, M, Evangelista, A, Evans, D, Evrard, S, Fabjan, Cw, Fabrid, D, Faivre, J, Falchieri, D, Fantoni, A, Farano, R, Fearick, R, Fedorov, O, Fekete, V, Felea, D, Feofilov, G, Tellez, Af, Ferretti, A, Fichera, F, Filchagin, S, Filoni, E, Finck, C, Fini, R, Fiore, Em, Flierl, D, Floris, M, Fodor, Z, Foka, 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TISSOT-DAGUETTE, C. TORCATO DE MATOS, P. VANDE VYVRE, J.-P. VANUXEM, M.M. AGGARWAL, A.K. BHATI, A. KUMAR, M. SHARMA, G. SOOD, A. BALDIT, V. BARRET, N. BASTID, G. BLANCHARD, J. CASTOR, P. CROCHET, F. DAUDON, A. DEVAUX, P. DUPIEUX, P. FORCE, S. GRIGORYAN, F. GUERIN, R. GUERNANE, C. INSA, F. JOUVE, J. LECOQ, F. MANSO, P. ROSNET, L. ROYER, P. SATURNINI, G. SAVINEL, T.J. HUMANIC, I.V. KOTOV, M.A. LISA, B.S. NILSEN, D. TRUESDALE, D. JOHNSON, I. BEARDEN, H. BOGGILD, C.H. CHRISTENSEN, J.J. GAARDHOJE, K. GULBRANDTSEN, B.S. NIELSEN, G. RENAULT, J. BARTKE, E. GLADYSZ-DZIADUS, E. KORNAS, M. KOWALSKI, A. RYBICKI, A. WROBLEWSKI, A. ANDRONIC, D. ANTONCZYK, E. BADURA, R. BAILHACHE, E. BERDERMANN, P. BRAUN-MUNZINGER, O. BUSCH, M. CIOBANU, P. FOKA, U. FRANKENFELD, C. GARABATOS, H. GUTBROD, C. LIPPMANN, P. MALZACHER, A. MARIN, D. MISKOWIEC, S. RADOMSKI, H.R. SCHMIDT, K. SCHWARZ, S. SEDYKH, R.S. SIMON, D. SOYK, H. STELZER, M. STOCKMEIER, G. TZILEDAKIS, D. VRANIC, J. WIECHULA, U. BONNES, I. KRAUS, H. 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BAATAR, B.V. BATIOUNIA, V.F. CHEPURNOV, S.A. CHERNENKO, V.K. DODOKHOV, O.V. FATEEV, A.G. FEDUNOV, M. HAIDUC, D. HASEGAN, V.G. KADYCHEVSKY, G. KHARADZE, B. KHURELBAATAR, E.K. KOSHURNIKOV, V.L. LIOUBOCHITS, V.I. LOBANOV, L.V. MALININA, Y.I. MINAEV, M. NIORADZE, P.V. NOMOKONOV, Y.A. PANEBRATTSEV, V.N. PENEV, V.G. PISMENNAYA, T.A. POCHEPTSOV, I. ROUFANOV, G.S. SHABRATOVA, V. SHESTAKOV, A.I. SHKLOVSKAYA, A.S. SORIN, M.K. SULEIMANOV, Y. TEVZADZE, R. TOGOO, A.S. VODOPIANOV, V.I. YUREVICH, Y.V. ZANEVSKY, S.A. ZAPOROJETS, A.I. ZINCHENKO, J. AYSTO, M. BONDILA, V. LYAPIN, M. OINONEN, T. MALKIEWICZ, V. RUUSKANEN, H. SEPPANEN, W. TRZASKA, S. YAMALETDINOV, H.T. JUNG, W. JUNG, D.-W. KIM, H.N. KIM, J.S. KIM, K.S. LEE, S.-C. LEE, T. BLANK, H. GEMMEKE, G.L. BOCHEK, A.N. DOVBNYA, V.I. KULIBABA, N.I. MASLOV, S.V. NAUMOV, V.D. OVCHINNIK, S.M. POTIN, A.F. STARODUBTSEV, V.N. BORSHCHOV, O. CHYKALOV, L. KAUROVA, S.K. KIPRICH, L. KLYMOVA, O.M. LISTRATENKO, N. MYKHAYLOVA, M. PROTSENKO, O. REZNIK, V.E. STARKOV, I. KADENKO, Y. MARTYNOV, S. MOLODTSOV, Y. SINYUKOV, G. ZINOVJEV, P. BHATTACHARYA, S. BOSE, S. CHATTERJEE, S. CHATTOPADHYAY, D. DAS, I. DAS, A.K. DUTT-MAZUMDER, N. MAJUMDAR, S. MUKHOPADHYAY, S. PAL, L. PAUL, P. ROY, A. SANYAL, S. SARKAR, P. SEN, S.K. SEN, B.C. SINHA, T. SINHA, Z. AHAMMED, P. BHASKAR, S.CHATTOPADHYAY, S. DAS, M.R. DUTTA MAJUMDAR, M.S. GANTI, P. GHOSH, B.MOHANTY, P.K. NETRAKANTI, R.N. SINGARAJU, V. SINGHAL, B. SINHA, Y.P. VIYOGI, G. HARTUNG, T. KRAWUTSCHKE, J. BAN, M. BOMBARA, A. DIRNER, M. HNATIC, I. KRALIK, A. KRAVCAKOVA, F. KRIVAN, M. KRIVDA, G. MARTINSKA, B. PASTIRCAK, L. SANDOR, J. URBAN, J. VRLAKOVA, M. CINAUSERO, E. FIORETTO, G. PRETE, R.A. RICCI, L. VANNUCCI, P. BRANCO, R. CARVALHO, J. SEIXAS, R. VILELA MENDES, A. OSKARSSON, L. OSTERMAN, I. OTTERLUND, E.A. STENLUND, B. CHEYNIS, L. DUCROUX, J.Y. GROSSIORD, A. GUICHARD, P. PILLOT, B. RAPP, R. TIEULENT, J.R. ALFARO MOLINA, A. AYALA, E. BELMONT MORENO, G. CONTRERAS, E. CUAUTLE, J.C. D'OLIVO, I. DOMINGUEZ, A. FLORES, V. GRABSKI, G. HERRERA CORRAL, M. LINARES, M.I. MARTINEZ, A. MARTINEZ DAVALOS, A. MENCHACA-ROCHA, L.M. MONTANO ZETINA, L. NELLEN, G. PAIC, J. DEL PINO, P. REYES, A. SANDOVAL, J. SOLANO, S. VERGARA, A. ZEPEDA, V.A. FESHCHENKO, M.B. GOLUBEVA, V.G. GORLYCHEV, F.F. GUBER, O.V. KARAVICHEV, T.L. KARAVICHEVA, E.V. KARPECHEV, A.B. KUREPIN, A.I. MAEVSKAYA, V.V. MARIN, I.A. PSHENICHNOV, V.I. RAZIN, A.I. RESHETIN, K.A. SHILEEV, N.S. TOPIL'SKAIA, A.N. AKINDINOV, V. GOLOVINE, A.B. KAIDALOV, M.M. KATS, I.T. KISELEV, S.M. KISSELEV, E. LIOUBLEV, M. MARTEMIANOV, A.N. MARTEMIYANOV, P.A. POLOZOV, V.S. SEROV, A.V. SMIRNITSKI, M.M. TCHOUMAKOV, I.A. VETLITSKI, K.G. VOLOCHINE, L.S. VOROBIEV, B.V. ZAGREEV, D. ALEKSANDROV, V. ANTONENKO, S. BELIAEV, S. FOKINE, M. IPPOLITOV, K. KARADJEV, I. KOUTCHERIAEV, V. LEBEDEV, V.I. MANKO, T. MOUKHANOVA, A. NIANINE, S. NIKOLAEV, S. NIKOULINE, O. PATARAKINE, D. PERESSOUNKO, I. SIBIRIAK, A. TSVETKOV, A. VASILIEV, A. VINOGRADOV, I. YUSHMANOV, V.A. GRIGORIEV, V.A. KAPLIN, V.A. LOGINOV, B.K. NANDI, R.VARMA, V.B. CHANDRATRE, S.K. KATARIA, C. BAUMANN, R. GLASOW, H. GOTTSCHLAG, J.F. GROSSE-OETRINGHAUS, N. HEINE, C. KLEIN-BOESING, K. REYGERS, R. SANTO, W. VERHOEVEN, J. WESSELS, A. WILK, L. APHECETCHE, R. BERNY, S. BOUVIER, G. CONESA-BALBASTRE, Z. CONESA-DEL-VALLE, J.P. CUSSONNEAU, H. DELAGRANGE, M. DIALINAS, CH. FINCK, B. ERAZMUS, M. GERMAIN, F. LEFEVRE, L. LUQUIN, G. MARTINEZ, CH. RENARD, C. ROY, A. TOURNAIRE, A.R. FROLOV, I.N. PESTOV, T.C. AWES, M. CHERNEY, Y. GORBUNOV, L. BIMBOT, V. CHAMBERT, A. CHARPY, M. COMETS, P. COURTAT, S. DROUET, P. EDELBRUCK, B. ESPAGNON, I. HRIVNACOVA, R. KUNNE, Y. LE BORNEC, M. MAC CORMICK, J. PEYRE, J. POUTHAS, S. ROUSSEAU, C. SUIRE, N. WILLIS, T. WU, L. BRAVINA, G. LOVHOIDEN, B. SKAALI, T.S. TVETER, T. VIK, F. ANTINORI, A. DAINESE, R. DIMA, D. FABRIS, J. FAIVRE, M. LUNARDON, M. MORANDO, S. MORETTO, A. PEPATO, E. QUERCIGH, F. SCARLASSARA, G. SEGATO, R. TURRISI, G. VIESTI, J. CHOI, A. BEITLEROVA, J. MARES, K. POLAK, P. ZAVADA, V. PETRACEK, M. PACHR, L. SKODA, M.YU. BOGOLYUBSKY, G.V. KHAUSTOV, YU.V. KHARLOV, N.G. MINAEV, V.S. PETROV, B.V. POLICHTCHOUK, S.A. SADOVSKY, V.A. SENKO, A.S. SOLOVIEV, P.V. STOLPOVSKY, V.A. VICTOROV, A. FERNANDEZ TELLEZ, E. GAMEZ FLORES, R. LOPEZ-RAMIREZ, A. ORTIZ-VELAZQUEZ, C. PAGLIARONE, S. ROMAN-LOPEZ, G. TEJEDA-MUNOZ, A. VARGAS, L. VILLASENOR CENDEJAS, D. ADAMOVA, S. KOUCHPIL, V. KOUCHPIL, A. KUGLER, M. SUMBERA, V. WAGNER, S. DI LIBERTO, M.A. MAZZONI, F. MEDDI, G.M. URCIUOLI, J. CLEYMANS, G. DE VAUX, R.W. FEARICK, A. SZOSTAK, Z.Z. VILAKAZI, M. ANFREVILLE, A. BALDISSERI, B. BECKER, H. BOREL, J. CASTILLO, J.-L. CHARVET, M. COMBET, J. GOSSET, P. HARDY, S. HERLANT, F. ORSINI, Y. PENICHOT, H. PEREIRA, F.M. STALEY, M. USSEGLIO, A. DE CARO, D. DE GRUTTOLA, S. DE PASQUALE, A. DI BARTOLOMEO, M. FUSCO GIRARD, G. GRELLA, C. GUARNACCIA, M. GUIDA, G. ROMANO, S. SELLITTO, R. SILVESTRI, T. VIRGILI, V. BASMANOV, D. BUDNIKOV, V. DEMANOV, V. IANOWSKI, R. ILKAEV, L. ILKAEVA, A. IVANOV, A. KHLEBNIKOV, A. KOURYAKIN, E. MIKHAILOV, S. NAZARENKO, V. PAVLOV, S. PHILCHAGIN, A. PUNIN, V. PUNIN, S. POUTEVSKOI, A. RYBIN, I. SELIN, M. SMETANIN, A. TELNOV, S. TRESKOV, O. VIKHLYANTSEV, I. VINOGRADOV, A. VYUSHIN, N. ZAVYALOV, S. ZHELEZOV, A. ZHITNIK, S. GOTOVAC, E. MUDNIC, L. VIDAK, A.G. ASRYAN, M.A. BRAUN, D.A. DERKACH, G.A. FEOFILOV, S.N. IGOLKIN, A.S. IVANOV, R.S. KOLEVATOV, A.A. KOLOJVARI, V.P. KONDRATIEV, P.A. NAUMENKO, T.A. TOULINA, F.F. VALIEV, V.V. VECHERNIN, L.I. VINOGRADOV, J. BAUDOT, D. BONNET, J.P. COFFIN, M. ESTIENNE, B. HIPPOLYTE, C. KUHN, J.R. LUTZ, R. VERNET, H. HAMAGAKI, K. OZAWA, V. BONVICINI, O. BORYSOV, L. BOSISIO, M. BREGANT, P. CAMERINI, G. CONTIN, F. FALESCHINI, E. FRAGIACOMO, N. GRION, G. MARGAGLIOTTI, S. PIANO, I. RACHEVSKAYA, A. RACHEVSKI, R. RUI, A. VACCHI, B. ALESSANDRO, R. ARNALDI, S. BAGNASCO, G. BATIGNE, S. BEOLE, E. BRUNA, P. CERELLO, E. CHIAVASSA, O. COBANOGLU, S. COLI, E. CRESCIO, N. DE MARCO, P. DE REMIGIS, A. FERRETTI, M. GAGLIARDI, M. GALLIO, L. GAUDICHET, R. GEMME, G. GIRAUDO, P. GIUBELLINO, M. IDZIK, S. MARTOIU, A. MARZARI CHIESA, M. MASERA, G. MAZZA, P. MEREU, M. MONTENO, A. MUSSO, C. OPPEDISANO, A. PICCOTTI, F. POGGIO, F. PRINO, L. RICCATI, A. RIVETTI, E. SCOMPARIN, D. STOCCO, F. TOSELLO, L. TOSCANO, G. TRAVAGLIA, E. VERCELLIN, A. WERBROUCK, R. WHEADON, F. YERMIA, Y. MIAKE, S. ESUMI, J.J. F. BUSKOP, A.P. DE HAAS, C. IVAN, R. KAMERMANS, A. MISCHKE, G. NOOREN, C.J. OSKAMP, TH. PEITZMANN, E. SIMILI, O. SOKOLOV, A. VAN DEN BRINK, N. VAN EIJNDHOVEN, H. ENYO, K. FUJIWARA, H. KANO, H. ONISHI, A. DELOFF, T. DOBROWOLSKI, K. KARPIO, M. MALEK, H. MALINOWSKI, K. REDLICH, T. SIEMIARCZUK, G. STEFANEK, L. TYKARSKI, G. WILK, Z. CHAJECKI, H. GOS, M. JANIK, M. JEDYNAK, A. KISIEL, T.J. PAWLAK, W.S. PERYT, J. PLUTA, P. SKOWRONSKI, M. SLODKOWSKI, P. SZUBA, T. TRACZYK, E.S. CONNER, R. KEIDEL, X. CAI, H.T. DING, H. LIU, X.R. WANG, H.Y. YANG, Z.B. YIN, D.C. ZHOU, X. CAO, Q. LI, Y.Z. LIU, G. SU, L. TAN, G.X. ZHU, M. ATAYAN, A. GRIGORYAN, H. GULKANYAN, A. HARUTYUNYAN, A. HAYRAPETYAN, V. KAKOYAN, M. POGHOSYAN, G. SARGSYAN, T. ANTICIC, K. KADIJA, and T. SUSA

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Monte Carlo method, Observable, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, ALICE (propellant), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, ALICE, physics, performance, detector, CERN, QGP, LHC, Event (particle physics), Event reconstruction
Abstract

ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently involves more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both the nuclear and high-energy physics sectors, from over 90 institutions in about 30 countries. The ALICE detector is designed to cope with the highest particle multiplicities above those anticipated for Pb-Pb collisions (dN(ch)/dy up to 8000) and it will be operational at the start-up of the LHC. In addition to heavy systems, the ALICE Collaboration will study collisions of lower-mass ions, which are a means of varying the energy density, and protons (both pp and pA), which primarily provide reference data for the nucleus-nucleus collisions. In addition, the pp data will allow for a number of genuine pp physics studies. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2004. The experiment is currently under construction and will be ready for data taking with both proton and heavy-ion beams at the start-up of the LHC. Since the comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was last published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector, as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) provides an updated and comprehensive summary of the performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, as appropriate. The PPR is divided into two volumes. Volume I, published in 2004 (CERN/LHCC 2003-049, ALICE Collaboration 2004 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 30 1517-1763), contains in four chapters a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, the experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo event generators. The present volume, Volume II, contains the majority of the information relevant to the physics performance in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Following an introductory overview, Chapter 5 describes the combined detector performance and the event reconstruction procedures, based on detailed simulations of the individual subsystems. Chapter 6 describes the analysis and physics reach for a representative sample of physics observables, from global event characteristics to hard processes.

Published
2006

44. Wavelet Transform Based Damage Detection in a Plate Structure.

Author

Janeliukstis, Rims, Rucevskis, Sandris, Akishin, Pavel, and Chate, Andris

Subjects
WAVELET transforms, EARTHQUAKE damage, PLATE tectonics, ISOTROPIC properties, VIBRATION (Mechanics), WAVELETS (Mathematics)
Abstract

A 2-dimensional wavelet transform algorithm employing isotropic Pet Hat wavelet is used to locate the area of damage in a numerically simulated aluminium plate model. To study the advantages and limitations of proposed method, signals of vibrational mode shapes of the plate are reduced by integer numbers to study the performance of algorithm at various sensor densities. Results suggest that the lowest scale of selected wavelet function yields the best damage identification results with a damage location likelihood of more than 98%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
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45. Superconducting Magnets for the NICA Accelerator Collider Complex

Author

Khodzhibagiyan, H. G., primary, Agapov, N. N., additional, Akishin, P. G., additional, Blinov, N. A., additional, Borisov, V. V., additional, Bychkov, A. V., additional, Galimov, A. R., additional, Donyagin, A. M., additional, Karpinskiy, V. N., additional, Korolev, V. S., additional, Kozlov, O. S., additional, Kunchenko, O. A., additional, Kuznetsov, G. L., additional, Meshkov, I. N., additional, Mikhaylov, V. A., additional, Nikiforov, D. N., additional, Pivin, R. V., additional, Shabunov, A. V., additional, Smirnov, A. V., additional, Starikov, A. Yu, additional, and Trubnikov, G. V., additional

Published
2014
Full Text
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47. Meissner Shield as Option of Open Geometry Beam Shielding for ALICE Muon Arm

Author

Akishin, P, Chabratova, G, Datskov, V I, Shishov, Yu A, Vodopyanov, A S, Ivanov, A, Khlebnikov, A S, Zhitnik, A, Cussonneau, J P, Gutbrod, H H, Labalme, M, Lautridou, P, Luquin, Lionel, Métivier, V, Rahmani, A, and Reposeur, T

Subjects
Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Abstract

Abstract Abstract An option of background suppression at a rapidity greater than 4.0 for the muon arm area proposed in this report. An open geometry of the beam pipe is used in this option. The Meissner shield of the dipole magnetic field combined with a passive absorber creates softer background environments for the muon spectrometer than in the option presented in the ALICE Technical Proposal (TP) [1] – [2]. First results of this study can be found in Report at ISHEPPXIV, Dubna 1998 [3].

Published
1999

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