50 results on '"Aitken, Robert J."'
Search Results
2. Addition of Vitamin C Mitigates the Loss of Antioxidant Capacity, Vitality and DNA Integrity in Cryopreserved Human Semen Samples
- Author
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Hungerford, Alena J., primary, Bakos, Hassan W., additional, and Aitken, Robert J., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The effects of oxidative stress and intracellular calcium on mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation in equine spermatozoa.
- Author
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Gibb, Zamira, Aitken, Robert J., Sheridan, Alecia R., Holt, Brandan, Waugh, Stephanie, and Swegen, Aleona
- Subjects
- *
SPERMATOGENESIS , *HOMEOSTASIS , *SPERMATOZOA , *INTRACELLULAR calcium , *OXIDATIVE stress , *PERMEABILITY , *REACTIVE oxygen species - Abstract
The in vitro storage of stallion spermatozoa for use in artificial insemination leads to oxidative stress and imbalances in calcium homeostasis that trigger the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), resulting in premature cell death. However, little is understood about the dynamics and the role of mPTP formation in mammalian spermatozoa. Here, we identify an important role for mPTP in stallion sperm Ca2+ homeostasis. We show that stallion spermatozoa do not exhibit "classical" features of mPTP; specifically, they are resistant to cyclosporin A‐mediated inhibition of mPTP formation, and they do not require exogenous Ca2+ to form the mPTP. However, chelation of endogenous Ca2+ prevented mPTP formation, indicating a role for intracellular Ca2+ in this process. Furthermore, our findings suggest that this cell type can mobilize intracellular Ca2+ stores to form the mPTP in response to low Ca2+ environments and that under oxidative stress conditions, mPTP formation preceded a measurable increase in intracellular Ca2+, and vice versa. Contrary to previous work that identified mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as a proxy for mPTP formation, here we show that a loss of MMP can occur independently of mPTP formation, and thus MMP is not an appropriate proxy for the detection of mPTP formation. In conclusion, the mPTP plays a crucial role in maintaining Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in stallion spermatozoa, serving as an important regulatory mechanism for normal sperm function, thereby contraindicating the in vitro pharmacological inhibition of mPTP formation to enhance sperm longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Apoptotic M540 bodies present in human semen interfere with flow cytometry-assisted assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation and oxidation
- Author
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Sadeghi, Niloofar, Tavalaee, Marziyeh, Kiani-Esfahani, Abbas, Moazamian, Aron, Gharagozloo, Parviz, Aitken, Robert J., Drevet, Joël R., and Nasr-Esfahani, Mohammad Hossein
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
5. Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA®) and flow cytometry-assisted TUNEL assay provide a concordant assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation as a function of age in a large cohort of approximately 10,000 patients.
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Behdarvandian, Paria, Nasr-Esfahani, Ali, Tavalaee, Marziyeh, Pashaei, Kosar, Naderi, Nushin, Darmishonnejad, Zahra, Hallak, Jorge, Aitken, Robert J., Gharagozloo, Parviz, Drevet, Joël R., and Nasr-Esfahani, Mohammad Hossein
- Subjects
SPERMATOZOA ,DNA structure ,REPRODUCTIVE technology ,CHROMATIN ,NUCLEAR DNA ,Y chromosome ,MALE infertility - Abstract
Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Analysis of sperm separation protocols for isolating cryopreserved human spermatozoa
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Hungerford, Alena J, primary, Bakos, Hassan W, additional, and Aitken, Robert J, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Consensus Guidelines for Emergency Laparotomy Part 3 : Organizational Aspects and General Considerations for Management of the Emergency Laparotomy Patient
- Author
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Peden, Carol J., Aggarwal, Geeta, Aitken, Robert J., Anderson, Iain D., Balfour, Angie, Foss, Nicolai Bang, Cooper, Zara, Dhesi, Jugdeep K., French, W. Brenton, Grant, Michael C., Hammarqvist, Folke, Hare, Sarah P., Havens, Joaquim M., Holena, Daniel N., Hübner, Martin, Johnston, Carolyn, Kim, Jeniffer S., Lees, Nicholas P., Ljungqvist, Olle, Lobo, Dileep N., Mohseni, Shahin, Ordoñez, Carlos A., Quiney, Nial, Sharoky, Catherine, Urman, Richard D., Wick, Elizabeth, Wu, Christopher L., Young-Fadok, Tonia, Scott, Michael J., Peden, Carol J., Aggarwal, Geeta, Aitken, Robert J., Anderson, Iain D., Balfour, Angie, Foss, Nicolai Bang, Cooper, Zara, Dhesi, Jugdeep K., French, W. Brenton, Grant, Michael C., Hammarqvist, Folke, Hare, Sarah P., Havens, Joaquim M., Holena, Daniel N., Hübner, Martin, Johnston, Carolyn, Kim, Jeniffer S., Lees, Nicholas P., Ljungqvist, Olle, Lobo, Dileep N., Mohseni, Shahin, Ordoñez, Carlos A., Quiney, Nial, Sharoky, Catherine, Urman, Richard D., Wick, Elizabeth, Wu, Christopher L., Young-Fadok, Tonia, and Scott, Michael J.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: This is Part 3 of the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy using an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) approach. This paper addresses organizational aspects of care. METHODS: Experts in management of the high-risk and emergency general surgical patient were invited to contribute by the International ERAS® Society. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE database searches were performed for ERAS elements and relevant specific topics. Studies were selected with particular attention to randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and large cohort studies, and reviewed and graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Recommendations were made on the best level of evidence, or extrapolation from studies on elective patients when appropriate. A modified Delphi method was used to validate final recommendations. RESULTS: Components of organizational aspects of care were considered. Consensus was reached after three rounds of a modified Delphi process. CONCLUSIONS: These guidelines are based on best current available evidence for organizational aspects of an ERAS® approach to patients undergoing emergency laparotomy and include discussion of less common aspects of care for the surgical patient, including end-of-life issues. These guidelines are not exhaustive but pull together evidence on important components of care for this high-risk patient population. As much of the evidence is extrapolated from elective surgery or emergency general surgery (not specifically laparotomy), many of the components need further evaluation in future studies., Funding agency:SCELC, Statewide California Electronic Library Consortium
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Consensus Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations Part 2-Emergency Laparotomy : Intra- and Postoperative Care
- Author
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Scott, Michael J., Aggarwal, Geeta, Aitken, Robert J., Anderson, Iain D., Balfour, Angie, Foss, Nicolai Bang, Cooper, Zara, Dhesi, Jugdeep K., French, W. Brenton, Grant, Michael C., Hammarqvist, Folke, Hare, Sarah P., Havens, Joaquim M., Holena, Daniel N., Hübner, Martin, Johnston, Carolyn, Kim, Jeniffer S., Lees, Nicholas P., Ljungqvist, Olle, Lobo, Dileep N., Mohseni, Shahin, Ordoñez, Carlos A., Quiney, Nial, Sharoky, Catherine, Urman, Richard D., Wick, Elizabeth, Wu, Christopher L., Young-Fadok, Tonia, Peden, Carol J., Scott, Michael J., Aggarwal, Geeta, Aitken, Robert J., Anderson, Iain D., Balfour, Angie, Foss, Nicolai Bang, Cooper, Zara, Dhesi, Jugdeep K., French, W. Brenton, Grant, Michael C., Hammarqvist, Folke, Hare, Sarah P., Havens, Joaquim M., Holena, Daniel N., Hübner, Martin, Johnston, Carolyn, Kim, Jeniffer S., Lees, Nicholas P., Ljungqvist, Olle, Lobo, Dileep N., Mohseni, Shahin, Ordoñez, Carlos A., Quiney, Nial, Sharoky, Catherine, Urman, Richard D., Wick, Elizabeth, Wu, Christopher L., Young-Fadok, Tonia, and Peden, Carol J.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: This is Part 2 of the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL) using an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) approach. This paper addresses intra- and postoperative aspects of care. METHODS: Experts in aspects of management of high-risk and emergency general surgical patients were invited to contribute by the International ERAS® Society. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Medline database searches were performed for ERAS elements and relevant specific topics. Studies on each item were selected with particular attention to randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large cohort studies and reviewed and graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Recommendations were made on the best level of evidence, or extrapolation from studies on elective patients when appropriate. A modified Delphi method was used to validate final recommendations. Some ERAS® components covered in other guideline papers are outlined only briefly, with the bulk of the text focusing on key areas pertaining specifically to EL. RESULTS: Twenty-three components of intraoperative and postoperative care were defined. Consensus was reached after three rounds of a modified Delphi Process. CONCLUSIONS: These guidelines are based on best available evidence for an ERAS® approach to patients undergoing EL. These guidelines are not exhaustive but pull together evidence on important components of care for this high-risk patient population. As much of the evidence is extrapolated from elective surgery or emergency general surgery (not specifically laparotomy), many of the components need further evaluation in future studies.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Consensus Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations Part 2 — Emergency Laparotomy:Intra- and Postoperative Care
- Author
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Scott, Michael J., Aggarwal, Geeta, Aitken, Robert J., Anderson, Iain D., Balfour, Angie, Foss, Nicolai Bang, Cooper, Zara, Dhesi, Jugdeep K., French, W. Brenton, Grant, Michael C., Hammarqvist, Folke, Hare, Sarah P., Havens, Joaquim M., Holena, Daniel N., Hübner, Martin, Johnston, Carolyn, Kim, Jeniffer S., Lees, Nicholas P., Ljungqvist, Olle, Lobo, Dileep N., Mohseni, Shahin, Ordoñez, Carlos A., Quiney, Nial, Sharoky, Catherine, Urman, Richard D., Wick, Elizabeth, Wu, Christopher L., Young-Fadok, Tonia, Peden, Carol J., Scott, Michael J., Aggarwal, Geeta, Aitken, Robert J., Anderson, Iain D., Balfour, Angie, Foss, Nicolai Bang, Cooper, Zara, Dhesi, Jugdeep K., French, W. Brenton, Grant, Michael C., Hammarqvist, Folke, Hare, Sarah P., Havens, Joaquim M., Holena, Daniel N., Hübner, Martin, Johnston, Carolyn, Kim, Jeniffer S., Lees, Nicholas P., Ljungqvist, Olle, Lobo, Dileep N., Mohseni, Shahin, Ordoñez, Carlos A., Quiney, Nial, Sharoky, Catherine, Urman, Richard D., Wick, Elizabeth, Wu, Christopher L., Young-Fadok, Tonia, and Peden, Carol J.
- Abstract
Background: This is Part 2 of the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL) using an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) approach. This paper addresses intra- and postoperative aspects of care. Methods: Experts in aspects of management of high-risk and emergency general surgical patients were invited to contribute by the International ERAS® Society. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Medline database searches were performed for ERAS elements and relevant specific topics. Studies on each item were selected with particular attention to randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large cohort studies and reviewed and graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Recommendations were made on the best level of evidence, or extrapolation from studies on elective patients when appropriate. A modified Delphi method was used to validate final recommendations. Some ERAS® components covered in other guideline papers are outlined only briefly, with the bulk of the text focusing on key areas pertaining specifically to EL. Results: Twenty-three components of intraoperative and postoperative care were defined. Consensus was reached after three rounds of a modified Delphi Process. Conclusions: These guidelines are based on best available evidence for an ERAS® approach to patients undergoing EL. These guidelines are not exhaustive but pull together evidence on important components of care for this high-risk patient population. As much of the evidence is extrapolated from elective surgery or emergency general surgery (not specifically laparotomy), many of the components need further evaluation in future studies.
- Published
- 2023
10. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: Sperm telomeres, oxidative stress, and infertility
- Author
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Moazamian, Aron, primary, Gharagozloo, Parviz, additional, Aitken, Robert J, additional, and Drevet, Joël R, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Standards in semen examination: publishing reproducible and reliable data based on high-quality methodology
- Author
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Björndahl, Lars, primary, Barratt, Christopher L R, additional, Mortimer, David, additional, Agarwal, Ashok, additional, Aitken, Robert J, additional, Alvarez, Juan G, additional, Aneck-Hahn, Natalie, additional, Arver, Stefan, additional, Baldi, Elisabetta, additional, Bassas, Lluís, additional, Boitrelle, Florence, additional, Bornman, Riana, additional, Carrell, Douglas T, additional, Castilla, José A, additional, Cerezo Parra, Gerardo, additional, Check, Jerome H, additional, Cuasnicu, Patricia S, additional, Darney, Sally Perreault, additional, de Jager, Christiaan, additional, De Jonge, Christopher J, additional, Drevet, Joël R, additional, Drobnis, Erma Z, additional, Du Plessis, Stefan S, additional, Eisenberg, Michael L, additional, Esteves, Sandro C, additional, Evgeni, Evangelini A, additional, Ferlin, Alberto, additional, Garrido, Nicolas, additional, Giwercman, Aleksander, additional, Goovaerts, Ilse G F, additional, Haugen, Trine B, additional, Henkel, Ralf, additional, Henningsohn, Lars, additional, Hofmann, Marie-Claude, additional, Hotaling, James M, additional, Jedrzejczak, Piotr, additional, Jouannet, Pierre, additional, Jørgensen, Niels, additional, Kirkman Brown, Jackson C, additional, Krausz, Csilla, additional, Kurpisz, Maciej, additional, Kvist, Ulrik, additional, Lamb, Dolores J, additional, Levine, Hagai, additional, Loveland, Kate L, additional, McLachlan, Robert I, additional, Mahran, Ali, additional, Maree, Liana, additional, Martins da Silva, Sarah, additional, Mbizvo, Michael T, additional, Meinhardt, Andreas, additional, Menkveld, Roelof, additional, Mortimer, Sharon T, additional, Moskovtsev, Sergey, additional, Muller, Charles H, additional, Munuce, Maria José, additional, Muratori, Monica, additional, Niederberger, Craig, additional, O’Flaherty, Cristian, additional, Oliva, Rafael, additional, Ombelet, Willem, additional, Pacey, Allan A, additional, Palladino, Michael A, additional, Ramasamy, Ranjith, additional, Ramos, Liliana, additional, Rives, Nathalie, additional, Roldan, Eduardo Rs, additional, Rothmann, Susan, additional, Sakkas, Denny, additional, Salonia, Andrea, additional, Sánchez-Pozo, Maria Cristina, additional, Sapiro, Rosanna, additional, Schlatt, Stefan, additional, Schlegel, Peter N, additional, Schuppe, Hans-Christian, additional, Shah, Rupin, additional, Skakkebæk, Niels E, additional, Teerds, Katja, additional, Toskin, Igor, additional, Tournaye, Herman, additional, Turek, Paul J, additional, van der Horst, Gerhard, additional, Vazquez-Levin, Monica, additional, Wang, Christina, additional, Wetzels, Alex, additional, Zeginiadou, Theodosia, additional, and Zini, Armand, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Science With Purpose: 50 Years of the Institute of Occupational Medicine
- Author
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Seaton, Anthony, primary, Cherrie, John W., additional, Cowie, Hilary, additional, and Aitken, Robert J., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Standards in semen examination:publishing reproducible and reliable data based on high-quality methodology
- Author
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Björndahl, Lars, Barratt, Christopher L.R., Mortimer, David, Agarwal, Ashok, Aitken, Robert J., Alvarez, Juan G., Aneck-Hahn, Natalie, Arver, Stefan, Baldi, Elisabetta, Bassas, Lluís, Boitrelle, Florence, Bornman, Riana, Carrell, Douglas T., Castilla, José A., Cerezo Parra, Gerardo, Check, Jerome H., Cuasnicu, Patricia S., Darney, Sally Perreault, de Jager, Christiaan, De Jonge, Christopher J., Drevet, Joël R., Drobnis, Erma Z., Du Plessis, Stefan S., Eisenberg, Michael L., Esteves, Sandro C., Evgeni, Evangelini A., Ferlin, Alberto, Garrido, Nicolas, Giwercman, Aleksander, Goovaerts, Ilse G.F., Haugen, Trine B., Henkel, Ralf, Henningsohn, Lars, Hofmann, Marie Claude, Hotaling, James M., Jedrzejczak, Piotr, Jouannet, Pierre, Jørgensen, Niels, Kirkman Brown, Jackson C., Krausz, Csilla, Kurpisz, Maciej, Kvist, Ulrik, Lamb, Dolores J., Levine, Hagai, Loveland, Kate L., McLachlan, Robert I., Mahran, Ali, Maree, Liana, Martins da Silva, Sarah, Mbizvo, Michael T., Meinhardt, Andreas, Menkveld, Roelof, Mortimer, Sharon T., Moskovtsev, Sergey, Muller, Charles H., Munuce, Maria José, Muratori, Monica, Niederberger, Craig, O'Flaherty, Cristian, Oliva, Rafael, Ombelet, Willem, Pacey, Allan A., Palladino, Michael A., Ramasamy, Ranjith, Ramos, Liliana, Rives, Nathalie, Roldan, Eduardo Rs, Rothmann, Susan, Sakkas, Denny, Salonia, Andrea, Sánchez-Pozo, Maria Cristina, Sapiro, Rosanna, Schlatt, Stefan, Schlegel, Peter N., Schuppe, Hans Christian, Shah, Rupin, Skakkebæk, Niels E., Teerds, Katja, Toskin, Igor, Tournaye, Herman, Turek, Paul J., van der Horst, Gerhard, Vazquez-Levin, Monica, Wang, Christina, Wetzels, Alex, Zeginiadou, Theodosia, Zini, Armand, Björndahl, Lars, Barratt, Christopher L.R., Mortimer, David, Agarwal, Ashok, Aitken, Robert J., Alvarez, Juan G., Aneck-Hahn, Natalie, Arver, Stefan, Baldi, Elisabetta, Bassas, Lluís, Boitrelle, Florence, Bornman, Riana, Carrell, Douglas T., Castilla, José A., Cerezo Parra, Gerardo, Check, Jerome H., Cuasnicu, Patricia S., Darney, Sally Perreault, de Jager, Christiaan, De Jonge, Christopher J., Drevet, Joël R., Drobnis, Erma Z., Du Plessis, Stefan S., Eisenberg, Michael L., Esteves, Sandro C., Evgeni, Evangelini A., Ferlin, Alberto, Garrido, Nicolas, Giwercman, Aleksander, Goovaerts, Ilse G.F., Haugen, Trine B., Henkel, Ralf, Henningsohn, Lars, Hofmann, Marie Claude, Hotaling, James M., Jedrzejczak, Piotr, Jouannet, Pierre, Jørgensen, Niels, Kirkman Brown, Jackson C., Krausz, Csilla, Kurpisz, Maciej, Kvist, Ulrik, Lamb, Dolores J., Levine, Hagai, Loveland, Kate L., McLachlan, Robert I., Mahran, Ali, Maree, Liana, Martins da Silva, Sarah, Mbizvo, Michael T., Meinhardt, Andreas, Menkveld, Roelof, Mortimer, Sharon T., Moskovtsev, Sergey, Muller, Charles H., Munuce, Maria José, Muratori, Monica, Niederberger, Craig, O'Flaherty, Cristian, Oliva, Rafael, Ombelet, Willem, Pacey, Allan A., Palladino, Michael A., Ramasamy, Ranjith, Ramos, Liliana, Rives, Nathalie, Roldan, Eduardo Rs, Rothmann, Susan, Sakkas, Denny, Salonia, Andrea, Sánchez-Pozo, Maria Cristina, Sapiro, Rosanna, Schlatt, Stefan, Schlegel, Peter N., Schuppe, Hans Christian, Shah, Rupin, Skakkebæk, Niels E., Teerds, Katja, Toskin, Igor, Tournaye, Herman, Turek, Paul J., van der Horst, Gerhard, Vazquez-Levin, Monica, Wang, Christina, Wetzels, Alex, Zeginiadou, Theodosia, and Zini, Armand
- Abstract
Biomedical science is rapidly developing in terms of more transparency, openness and reproducibility of scientific publications. This is even more important for all studies that are based on results from basic semen examination. Recently two concordant documents have been published: the 6th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, and the International Standard ISO 23162:2021. With these tools, we propose that authors should be instructed to follow these laboratory methods in order to publish studies in peer-reviewed journals, preferable by using a checklist as suggested in an Appendix to this article.
- Published
- 2022
14. Standards in semen examination : publishing reproducible and reliable data based on high-quality methodology
- Author
-
Björndahl, Lars, Barratt, Christopher L.R., Mortimer, David, Agarwal, Ashok, Aitken, Robert J., Alvarez, Juan G., Aneck-Hahn, Natalie, Arver, Stefan, Baldi, Elisabetta, Bassas, Lluís, Boitrelle, Florence, Bornman, Riana, Carrell, Douglas T., Castilla, José A., Cerezo Parra, Gerardo, Check, Jerome H., Cuasnicu, Patricia S., Darney, Sally Perreault, de Jager, Christiaan, De Jonge, Christopher J., Drevet, Joël R., Drobnis, Erma Z., Du Plessis, Stefan S., Eisenberg, Michael L., Esteves, Sandro C., Evgeni, Evangelini A., Ferlin, Alberto, Garrido, Nicolas, Giwercman, Aleksander, Goovaerts, Ilse G.F., Haugen, Trine B., Henkel, Ralf, Henningsohn, Lars, Hofmann, Marie Claude, Hotaling, James M., Jedrzejczak, Piotr, Jouannet, Pierre, Jørgensen, Niels, Kirkman Brown, Jackson C., Krausz, Csilla, Kurpisz, Maciej, Kvist, Ulrik, Lamb, Dolores J., Levine, Hagai, Loveland, Kate L., McLachlan, Robert I., Mahran, Ali, Maree, Liana, Martins da Silva, Sarah, Mbizvo, Michael T., Meinhardt, Andreas, Menkveld, Roelof, Mortimer, Sharon T., Moskovtsev, Sergey, Muller, Charles H., Munuce, Maria José, Muratori, Monica, Niederberger, Craig, O'Flaherty, Cristian, Oliva, Rafael, Ombelet, Willem, Pacey, Allan A., Palladino, Michael A., Ramasamy, Ranjith, Ramos, Liliana, Rives, Nathalie, Roldan, Eduardo Rs, Rothmann, Susan, Sakkas, Denny, Salonia, Andrea, Sánchez-Pozo, Maria Cristina, Sapiro, Rosanna, Schlatt, Stefan, Schlegel, Peter N., Schuppe, Hans Christian, Shah, Rupin, Skakkebæk, Niels E., Teerds, Katja, Toskin, Igor, Tournaye, Herman, Turek, Paul J., van der Horst, Gerhard, Vazquez-Levin, Monica, Wang, Christina, Wetzels, Alex, Zeginiadou, Theodosia, Zini, Armand, Björndahl, Lars, Barratt, Christopher L.R., Mortimer, David, Agarwal, Ashok, Aitken, Robert J., Alvarez, Juan G., Aneck-Hahn, Natalie, Arver, Stefan, Baldi, Elisabetta, Bassas, Lluís, Boitrelle, Florence, Bornman, Riana, Carrell, Douglas T., Castilla, José A., Cerezo Parra, Gerardo, Check, Jerome H., Cuasnicu, Patricia S., Darney, Sally Perreault, de Jager, Christiaan, De Jonge, Christopher J., Drevet, Joël R., Drobnis, Erma Z., Du Plessis, Stefan S., Eisenberg, Michael L., Esteves, Sandro C., Evgeni, Evangelini A., Ferlin, Alberto, Garrido, Nicolas, Giwercman, Aleksander, Goovaerts, Ilse G.F., Haugen, Trine B., Henkel, Ralf, Henningsohn, Lars, Hofmann, Marie Claude, Hotaling, James M., Jedrzejczak, Piotr, Jouannet, Pierre, Jørgensen, Niels, Kirkman Brown, Jackson C., Krausz, Csilla, Kurpisz, Maciej, Kvist, Ulrik, Lamb, Dolores J., Levine, Hagai, Loveland, Kate L., McLachlan, Robert I., Mahran, Ali, Maree, Liana, Martins da Silva, Sarah, Mbizvo, Michael T., Meinhardt, Andreas, Menkveld, Roelof, Mortimer, Sharon T., Moskovtsev, Sergey, Muller, Charles H., Munuce, Maria José, Muratori, Monica, Niederberger, Craig, O'Flaherty, Cristian, Oliva, Rafael, Ombelet, Willem, Pacey, Allan A., Palladino, Michael A., Ramasamy, Ranjith, Ramos, Liliana, Rives, Nathalie, Roldan, Eduardo Rs, Rothmann, Susan, Sakkas, Denny, Salonia, Andrea, Sánchez-Pozo, Maria Cristina, Sapiro, Rosanna, Schlatt, Stefan, Schlegel, Peter N., Schuppe, Hans Christian, Shah, Rupin, Skakkebæk, Niels E., Teerds, Katja, Toskin, Igor, Tournaye, Herman, Turek, Paul J., van der Horst, Gerhard, Vazquez-Levin, Monica, Wang, Christina, Wetzels, Alex, Zeginiadou, Theodosia, and Zini, Armand
- Abstract
Biomedical science is rapidly developing in terms of more transparency, openness and reproducibility of scientific publications. This is even more important for all studies that are based on results from basic semen examination. Recently two concordant documents have been published: the 6th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, and the International Standard ISO 23162:2021. With these tools, we propose that authors should be instructed to follow these laboratory methods in order to publish studies in peer-reviewed journals, preferable by using a checklist as suggested in an Appendix to this article.
- Published
- 2022
15. Current and Future Costs of Cancer, Heart Disease and Stroke Attributable to Obesity in Australia - a Comparison of Two Birth Cohorts
- Author
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Aitken, Robert J, Allman-Farinelli, Margaret A, King, Lesley A, and Bauman, Adrian E
- Published
- 2009
16. Biocompatible Nanomaterials as an Emerging Technology in Reproductive Health; a Focus on the Male
- Author
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Fraser, Barbara, primary, Peters, Alexandra E., additional, Sutherland, Jessie M., additional, Liang, Mingtao, additional, Rebourcet, Diane, additional, Nixon, Brett, additional, and Aitken, Robert J., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Sperm telomeres, oxidative stress, and infertility.
- Author
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Moazamian, Aron, Gharagozloo, Parviz, Aitken, Robert J., and Drevet, Joël R.
- Subjects
OXIDATIVE stress ,MALE reproductive organs ,MALE reproductive health ,SPERMATOZOA ,INFERTILITY ,TELOMERES - Abstract
The maintenance of redox balance in the male reproductive tract is critical to sperm health and function. Physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote sperm capacitation, while excess ROS exposure, or depleted antioxidant defenses, yields a state of oxidative stress which disrupts their fertilizing capacity and DNA structural integrity. The guanine moiety is the most readily oxidized of the four DNA bases and gets converted to the mutagenic lesion 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Numerous studies have also confirmed oxidative stress as a driving factor behind accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction. Although a clear consensus has not been reached, clinical studies also appear to associate telomere integrity with fertility outcomes in the assisted reproductive technology setting. Intriguingly, while sperm cellular and molecular characteristics make them more susceptible to oxidative insult than any other cell type, they are also the only cell type in which telomere lengthening accompanies aging. This article focuses on the oxidative stress response pathways to propose a mechanism for the explanation of this apparent paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: Part 1—Preoperative: Diagnosis, Rapid Assessment and Optimization
- Author
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Peden, Carol J., Aggarwal, Geeta, Aitken, Robert J., Anderson, Iain D., Bang Foss, Nicolai, Cooper, Zara, Dhesi, Jugdeep K., French, W. Brenton, Grant, Michael C., Hammarqvist, Folke, Hare, Sarah P., Havens, Joaquim M., Holena, Daniel N., Kim, Jeniffer S., Lees, Nicholas P., Ljungqvist, Olle, Lobo, Dileep N., Mohseni, Shahin, Quiney, Nial, Urman, Richard D., Wick, Elizabeth, Wu, Christopher L., Young-Fadok, Tonia, and Scott, Michael
- Subjects
Surgery - Abstract
BackgroundEnhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols reduce length of stay, complications and costs fora large number of elective surgical procedures. A similar, structured approach appears to improve outcomes, including mortality, for patients undergoing high-risk emergency general surgery, and specifically emergency laparotomy. These are the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of these patients using an ERAS approach.MethodsExperts in aspects of management of the high-risk and emergency general surgical patient were invited to contribute by the International ERAS Society. Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE database searches on English language publications were performed for ERAS elements and relevant specific topics. Studies on each item were selected with particular attention to randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and large cohort studies, and reviewed and graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Recommendations were made on the best level of evidence, or extrapolation from studies on non-emergency patients when appropriate. The Delphi method was used to validate final recommendations. The guideline has been divided into two parts: Part 1—Preoperative Care and Part 2—Intraoperative and Postoperative management. This paper provides guidelines for Part 1.ResultsTwelve components of preoperative care were considered. Consensus was reached after three rounds.ConclusionsThese guidelines are based on the best available evidence for an ERAS approach to patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Initial management is particularly important for patients with sepsis and physiological derangement. These guidelines should be used to improve outcomes for these high-risk patients.
- Published
- 2021
19. Glycerophospholipids protect stallion spermatozoa from oxidative damage in vitro
- Author
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Medica, Ashlee J, primary, Aitken, Robert J, additional, Nicolson, Garth L, additional, Sheridan, Alecia R, additional, Swegen, Aleona, additional, De Iuliis, Geoffry N, additional, and Gibb, Zamira, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Measurement of Human Exposure to Biologically Relevant Fractions of Inhaled Aerosols
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Cherrie, John W. and Aitken, Robert J.
- Published
- 1999
21. Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations:Part 1—Preoperative: Diagnosis, Rapid Assessment and Optimization
- Author
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Peden, Carol J., Aggarwal, Geeta, Aitken, Robert J., Anderson, Iain D., Bang Foss, Nicolai, Cooper, Zara, Dhesi, Jugdeep K., French, W. Brenton, Grant, Michael C., Hammarqvist, Folke, Hare, Sarah P., Havens, Joaquim M., Holena, Daniel N., Hübner, Martin, Kim, Jeniffer S., Lees, Nicholas P., Ljungqvist, Olle, Lobo, Dileep N., Mohseni, Shahin, Ordoñez, Carlos A., Quiney, Nial, Urman, Richard D., Wick, Elizabeth, Wu, Christopher L., Young-Fadok, Tonia, Scott, Michael, Peden, Carol J., Aggarwal, Geeta, Aitken, Robert J., Anderson, Iain D., Bang Foss, Nicolai, Cooper, Zara, Dhesi, Jugdeep K., French, W. Brenton, Grant, Michael C., Hammarqvist, Folke, Hare, Sarah P., Havens, Joaquim M., Holena, Daniel N., Hübner, Martin, Kim, Jeniffer S., Lees, Nicholas P., Ljungqvist, Olle, Lobo, Dileep N., Mohseni, Shahin, Ordoñez, Carlos A., Quiney, Nial, Urman, Richard D., Wick, Elizabeth, Wu, Christopher L., Young-Fadok, Tonia, and Scott, Michael
- Abstract
Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols reduce length of stay, complications and costs for a large number of elective surgical procedures. A similar, structured approach appears to improve outcomes, including mortality, for patients undergoing high-risk emergency general surgery, and specifically emergency laparotomy. These are the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of these patients using an ERAS approach. Methods: Experts in aspects of management of the high-risk and emergency general surgical patient were invited to contribute by the International ERAS® Society. Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE database searches on English language publications were performed for ERAS elements and relevant specific topics. Studies on each item were selected with particular attention to randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and large cohort studies, and reviewed and graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Recommendations were made on the best level of evidence, or extrapolation from studies on non-emergency patients when appropriate. The Delphi method was used to validate final recommendations. The guideline has been divided into two parts: Part 1—Preoperative Care and Part 2—Intraoperative and Postoperative management. This paper provides guidelines for Part 1. Results: Twelve components of preoperative care were considered. Consensus was reached after three rounds. Conclusions: These guidelines are based on the best available evidence for an ERAS approach to patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Initial management is particularly important for patients with sepsis and physiological derangement. These guidelines should be used to improve outcomes for these high-risk patients.
- Published
- 2021
22. A novel approach to nonsurgical sterilization; application of menadione‐modified gonocyte‐targeting M13 bacteriophage for germ cell ablation in utero
- Author
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Fraser, Barbara A., primary, Miller, Kasey, additional, Trigg, Natalie A., additional, Smith, Nathan D., additional, Western, Patrick S., additional, Nixon, Brett, additional, and Aitken, Robert J., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Protecting healthcare workers from inhaled SARS-CoV-2 virus
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Cherrie, John W, primary, Loh, Miranda, additional, and Aitken, Robert J, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Importance of Oxidative Stress in Determining the Functionality of Mammalian Spermatozoa: A Two-Edged Sword
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Aitken, Robert J., primary and Drevet, Joel R., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Safe handling of nanotechnology
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Maynard, Andrew D., Aitken, Robert J., Butz, Tilman, Colvin, Vicki, Donaldson, Ken, Oberdörster, Günter, Philbert, Martin A., Ryan, John, Seaton, Anthony, Stone, Vicki, Tinkle, Sally S., Tran, Lang, Walker, Nigel J., and Warheit, David B.
- Published
- 2006
26. Depletion of thiols leads to redox deregulation, production of 4-hydroxinonenal and sperm senescence: a possible role for GSH regulation in spermatozoa†
- Author
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Ortega-Ferrusola, Cristina, primary, Martin Muñoz, Patricia, additional, Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose Manuel, additional, Anel-López, Luis, additional, Balao da Silva, Carolina, additional, Álvarez, Mercedes, additional, de Paz, Paulino, additional, Tapia, Jose Antonio, additional, Anel, Luis, additional, Silva- Rodríguez, Antonio, additional, Aitken, Robert J, additional, Gil, M Cruz, additional, Gibb, Zamira, additional, and Peña, Fernando J, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Beneficial cardiovascular effects of reducing exposure to particulate air pollution with a simple facemask
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Li Jing, Cassee Flemming R, Fokkens Paul HB, Aitken Robert J, Leseman Daan LAC, Chan Julian KK, Mills Nicholas L, Langrish Jeremy P, Donaldson Ken, Newby David E, and Jiang Lixin
- Subjects
Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Abstract Background Exposure to air pollution is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and is associated with increased blood pressure, reduced heart rate variability, endothelial dysfunction and myocardial ischaemia. Our objectives were to assess the cardiovascular effects of reducing air pollution exposure by wearing a facemask. Methods In an open-label cross-over randomised controlled trial, 15 healthy volunteers (median age 28 years) walked on a predefined city centre route in Beijing in the presence and absence of a highly efficient facemask. Personal exposure to ambient air pollution and exercise was assessed continuously using portable real-time monitors and global positional system tracking respectively. Cardiovascular effects were assessed by continuous 12-lead electrocardiographic and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results Ambient exposure (PM2.5 86 ± 61 vs 140 ± 113 μg/m3; particle number 2.4 ± 0.4 vs 2.3 ± 0.4 × 104 particles/cm3), temperature (29 ± 1 vs 28 ± 3°C) and relative humidity (63 ± 10 vs 64 ± 19%) were similar (P > 0.05 for all) on both study days. During the 2-hour city walk, systolic blood pressure was lower (114 ± 10 vs 121 ± 11 mmHg, P < 0.01) when subjects wore a facemask, although heart rate was similar (91 ± 11 vs 88 ± 11/min; P > 0.05). Over the 24-hour period heart rate variability increased (SDNN 65.6 ± 11.5 vs 61.2 ± 11.4 ms, P < 0.05; LF-power 919 ± 352 vs 816 ± 340 ms2, P < 0.05) when subjects wore the facemask. Conclusion Wearing a facemask appears to abrogate the adverse effects of air pollution on blood pressure and heart rate variability. This simple intervention has the potential to protect susceptible individuals and prevent cardiovascular events in cities with high concentrations of ambient air pollution.
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- 2009
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28. An analysis of the OECD WPMN dossier regarding the availability of data for risk assessment
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Riediker, Michael, Yu, Ting, and Aitken, Robert J.
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Nanostructures ,Risk Assessment ,Software - Published
- 2017
29. Engineered nanoparticle-containing consumer products in the Singapore retail market and likelihood of release into the aquatic environment
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Riediker, Michael, Aitken, Robert J., and Zhang, Yuanyuan
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Nanoparticles ,Consumer Product Safety ,Environmental Pollutants ,Singapore - Published
- 2017
30. The Impact of Sperm Metabolism during In Vitro Storage: The Stallion as a Model
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Gibb, Zamira and Aitken, Robert J.
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endocrine system ,Article Subject ,urogenital system ,reproductive and urinary physiology - Abstract
In vitro sperm storage is a necessary part of many artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization regimes for many species, including the human and the horse. In many situations spermatozoa are chilled to temperatures between 4 and 10°C for the purpose of restricting the metabolic rate during storage, in turn, reducing the depletion of ATP and the production of detrimental by-products such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Another result of lowering the temperature is that spermatozoa may be “cold shocked” due to lipid membrane phase separation, resulting in reduced fertility. To overcome this, a method of sperm storage must be developed that will preclude the need to chill spermatozoa. If a thermally induced restriction-of-metabolic-rate strategy is not employed, ATP production must be supported while ameliorating the deleterious effects of ROS. To achieve this end, an understanding of the nature of energy production by the spermatozoa of the species of interest is essential. Human spermatozoa depend predominantly on glycolytic ATP production, producing significantly less ROS than oxidative phosphorylation, with the more efficient pathway predominantly employed by stallion spermatozoa. This review provides an overview of the implications of sperm metabolism for in vitro sperm storage, with a focus on ambient temperature storage in the stallion.
- Published
- 2016
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31. A novel antioxidant formulation designed to treat male infertility associated with oxidative stress Promising preclinical evidence from animal models
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Gharagozloo, P., Gutiérrez-Adán, Alfonso, Champroux, A., Noblanc, A., Kocer, A., Calle, Alexandra, Pérez Cerezales, Serafín, Pericuesta Camacho, Eva, Polhemus, A., Moazamian, A., Drevet, J. R., Aitken, Robert J., Gharagozloo, P., Gutiérrez-Adán, Alfonso, Champroux, A., Noblanc, A., Kocer, A., Calle, Alexandra, Pérez Cerezales, Serafín, Pericuesta Camacho, Eva, Polhemus, A., Moazamian, A., Drevet, J. R., and Aitken, Robert J.
- Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does a novel antioxidant formulation designed to restore redox balance within the male reproductive tract, reduce sperm DNA damage and increase pregnancy rates in mouse models of sperm oxidative stress? SUMMARY ANSWER Oral administration of a novel antioxidant formulation significantly reduced sperm DNA damage in glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5), knockout mice and restored pregnancy rates to near-normal levels in mice subjected to scrotal heat stress. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Animal and human studies have documented the adverse effect of sperm DNA damage on fertilization rates, embryo quality, miscarriage rates and the transfer of de novo mutations to offspring. Semen samples of infertile men are known to be deficient in several key antioxidants relative to their fertile counterparts. Antioxidants alone or in combination have demonstrated limited efficacy against sperm oxidative stress and DNA damage in numerous human clinical trials, however these studies have not been definitive and an optimum combination has remained elusive. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The efficacy of the antioxidant formulation was evaluated in two well-established mouse models of oxidative stress, scrotal heating and Gpx5 knockout (KO) mice, (n = 12 per experimental group), by two independent laboratories. Mice were provided the antioxidant product in their drinking water for 2-8 weeks and compared with control groups for sperm DNA damage and pregnancy rates. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In the Gpx5 KO model, oxidative DNA damage was monitored in spermatozoa by immunocytochemical detection of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG). In the scrotal heat stress model, male fertility was tested by partnering with three females for 5 days. The percentage of pregnant females, number of vaginal plugs, resorptions per litter, and litter size were recorded. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE Using immunocytochemical detection of 8OHdG as a biomarker of DNA oxidation, analysis of contr
- Published
- 2016
32. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Plays a Pivotal Role in the Maintenance of Stallion Sperm Motility1
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Gibb, Zamira, primary, Lambourne, Sarah R., additional, Curry, Benjamin J., additional, Hall, Sally E., additional, and Aitken, Robert J., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Impact of Sperm Metabolism duringIn VitroStorage: The Stallion as a Model
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Gibb, Zamira, primary and Aitken, Robert J., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Depletion of thiols leads to redox deregulation, production of 4-hydroxinonenal and sperm senescence: a possible role for GSH regulation in spermatozoa†.
- Author
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Ortega-Ferrusola, Cristina, Martin Muñoz, Patricia, Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose Manuel, Anel-López, Luis, Balao da Silva, Carolina, Álvarez, Mercedes, de Paz, Paulino, Tapia, Jose Antonio, Anel, Luis, Silva-Rodríguez, Antonio, Aitken, Robert J, Gil, M Cruz, Gibb, Zamira, and Peña, Fernando J
- Abstract
We hypothesized that thiols and particularly glutathione (GSH) are essential for the regulation of stallion sperm functionality. To test this hypothesis, we initially investigated the relationship between sperm function and GSH content, revealing highly significant correlations between GSH, sperm viability, motility, and velocity parameters (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the deleterious effects of GSH depletion using menadione and 1,3 dimethoxy 1,4, naphtoquinone (DMNQ) were able to be prevented by the addition of cysteine, but no other antioxidant. Pre-incubation with cysteine prevented menadione and DMNQ induced damage to sperm membranes after 1 h (P < 0.001; P < 0.05) and after 3 h of incubation (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Pre-incubation with cysteine ameliorated both the menadione- and DMNQ-induced increase in 4-hydroxynonenal (P < 0.001). As cysteine is a precursor of GSH, we hypothesized that stallion spermatozoa are able to synthesize this tripeptide using exogenous cysteine. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the presence of two enzymes required to synthesize GSH (GSH and GCLC) and using western blotting and immunocytochemistry we detected both enzymes in stallion spermatozoa. The inhibition of GCLC reduced the recovery of GSH by addition of cysteine after depletion, suggesting that stallion spermatozoa may use exogenous cysteine to regulate GSH. Other findings supporting this hypothesis were changes in sperm functionality after BSO treatment and changes in GSH and GSSG validated using HPLC-MS, showing that BSO prevented the increase in GSH in the presence of cysteine, although important stallion to stallion variability occurred and suggested differences in expression of glutamate cysteine ligase. Mean concentration of GSH in stallion spermatozoa was 8.2 ± 2.1 μM/109 spermatozoa, well above the nanomolar ranges per billion spermatozoa reported for other mammals.
- Published
- 2019
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35. L-Carnitine and Pyruvate Are Prosurvival Factors During the Storage of Stallion Spermatozoa at Room Temperature1
- Author
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Gibb, Zamira, primary, Lambourne, Sarah R., additional, Quadrelli, Julianne, additional, Smith, Nathan D., additional, and Aitken, Robert J., additional
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
36. The Paradoxical Relationship Between Stallion Fertility and Oxidative Stress1
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Gibb, Zamira, primary, Lambourne, Sarah R., additional, and Aitken, Robert J., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) Is Involved in the Control of Mouse Caput Epididymis Immune Environment
- Author
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Jrad-Lamine, Aicha, primary, Henry-Berger, Joelle, additional, Damon-Soubeyrand, Christelle, additional, Saez, Fabrice, additional, Kocer, Ayhan, additional, Janny, Laurent, additional, Pons-Rejraji, Hanae, additional, Munn, David H., additional, Mellor, Andrew L., additional, Gharbi, Najoua, additional, Cadet, Rémi, additional, Guiton, Rachel, additional, Aitken, Robert J., additional, and Drevet, Joël R., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Analysis of the mechanism by which calcium negatively regulates the tyrosine phosphorylation cascade associated with sperm capacitation
- Author
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Baker, Mark, Hethrington, Louise, Ecroyd, Heath W, Roman, Shaun D, Aitken, Robert J, Baker, Mark, Hethrington, Louise, Ecroyd, Heath W, Roman, Shaun D, and Aitken, Robert J
- Abstract
The capacitation of mammalian spermatozoa involves the activation of a cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathway that drives tyrosine phosphorylation via mechanisms that are unique to this cell type. Controversy surrounds the impact of extracellular calcium on this process, with positive and negative effects being recorded in independent publications. We clearly demonstrate that the presence of calcium in the external medium decreases tyrosine phosphorylation in both human and mouse spermatozoa. Under these conditions, a rise in intracellular pH was recorded, however, this event was not responsible for the observed changes in phosphotyrosine expression. Rather, the impact of calcium on tyrosine phosphorylation in these cells was associated with an unexpected change in the intracellular availability of ATP. Thus, the ATP content of both human and mouse spermatozoa fell significantly when these cells were incubated in the presence of external calcium. Furthermore, the removal of glucose, or addition of 2-deoxyglucose, decreased ATP levels within human spermatozoon populations and induced a corresponding decline in phosphotyrosine expression. In contrast, the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone had no effect on either ATP levels or tyrosine phosphorylation. Addition of the affinity-labeling probe 8-N-3 ATP confirmed our prediction that spermatozoa have many calcium-dependent ATPases. Moreover, addition of the ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, increased intracellular calcium levels, decreased ATP and suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation. Based on these findings, the present study indicates that extracellular calcium suppresses tyrosine phosphorylation by decreasing the availability of intracellular ATP, and not by activating tyrosine phosphatases or inhibiting tyrosine kinases as has been previously suggested.
- Published
- 2004
39. The development of signal transduction pathways during epididymal maturation is calcium dependent
- Author
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Ecroyd, Heath W, Asquith, Kelly, Jones, Russell C, Aitken, Robert J, Ecroyd, Heath W, Asquith, Kelly, Jones, Russell C, and Aitken, Robert J
- Abstract
Capacitation has been correlated with the activation of a cAMP-PKA-dependent signaling pathway leading to protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The ability to exhibit this response to cAMP matures during epididymal maturation in concert with the ability of the sperrnatozoa to capacitate. In this study, we have addressed the mechanisms by which spermatozoa gain the potential to activate this signaling pathway during epididymal maturation. In a modified Tyrode's medium containing 1.7 mM calcium, caput spermatozoa had significantly higher [Ca2+](i) than caudal cells and could not tyrosine phosphorylate in response to cAMP. However, in calcium-depleted medium both caput and caudal cells could exhibit a cAMP-dependent phosphorylation response. The inhibitory effect of calcium on tyrosine phosphorylation was also observed in caudal spermatozoa using thapsigargin, a Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor that increased [Ca2+](i) and precipitated a corresponding decrease in phosphotyrosine expression. We also demonstrate that despite the activation of tyrosine phosphorylation in caput spermatozoa, these cells remain nonfunctional in terms of motility, sperm-egg recognition and acrosomal exocytosis. These results demonstrate that the signaling pathway leading to tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse spermatozoa is negatively regulated by [Ca2+](i), and that maturation mechanisms that control [Ca2+](i) within the spermatozoon are critically important during epididymal transit.
- Published
- 2004
40. Tyrosine phosphorylation of HSP-90 during mammalian sperm capacitation
- Author
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Ecroyd, Heath W, Jones, Russell C, Aitken, Robert J, Ecroyd, Heath W, Jones, Russell C, and Aitken, Robert J
- Abstract
The process of sperm capacitation is correlated with activation of a signal transduction pathway leading to protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Whereas phosphotyrosine expression is an essential prerequisite for fertilization, the proteins that are phosphorylated during capacitation have not yet been identified. In the present study, we observed that a major target of this signaling pathway is the molecular chaperone protein, heat shock protein (HSP)-86, a member of the HSP-90 family of HSPs. We used cross-immunoprecipitation experiments to confirm the tyrosine phosphorylation of HSP-86, a process that is not inhibited by the ansamycin antibiotic, geldanamycin. The general significance of these findings was confirmed by studies in which HSP-90 was also found to be tyrosine phosphorylated in human and rat spermatozoa when incubated under conditions that support capacitation. To our knowledge, these results represent the first report of a protein that undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation during mouse sperm capacitation and the first study implicating molecular chaperones in the processes by which mammalian spermatozoa gain the ability to fertilize the oocyte.
- Published
- 2003
41. Endogenous redox activity in mouse spermatozoa and its role in regulating the tyrosine phosphorylation events associated with sperm capacitation
- Author
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Ecroyd, Heath W, Jones, Russell C, Aitken, Robert J, Ecroyd, Heath W, Jones, Russell C, and Aitken, Robert J
- Abstract
We investigated the role of endogenous redox activity in regulating the signal transduction pathway leading to tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse spermatozoa. Endogenous redox activity was monitored using a luminol-peroxidase chemiluminescent probe. Chemiluminescence increased in spermatozoa that were actively undergoing cAMP-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation events associated with capacitation and was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by addition of catalase or diphenylene iodonium, both of which also inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation within the cell at points downstream of cAMP. Excluding bicarbonate from the incubation medium reduced the redox activity of sperm by 80-90% and dramatically reduced tyrosine phosphorylation. This study provides the first evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation associated with capacitation in mouse spermatozoa is redox regulated by a flavinoid-containing enzyme involving mediation by hydrogen peroxide. Bicarbonate regulated the redox activity of mouse spermatozoa, and this regulation may contribute to the impact of this anion on tyrosine phosphorylation during capacitation of mouse spermatozoa.
- Published
- 2003
42. Beneficial cardiovascular effects of reducing exposure to particulate air pollution with a simple facemask
- Author
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Langrish, Jeremy P, primary, Mills, Nicholas L, additional, Chan, Julian KK, additional, Leseman, Daan LAC, additional, Aitken, Robert J, additional, Fokkens, Paul HB, additional, Cassee, Flemming R, additional, Li, Jing, additional, Donaldson, Ken, additional, Newby, David E, additional, and Jiang, Lixin, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Causes and Clinical Significance of DNA Damage in the Male Germ Line.
- Author
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Aitken, Robert J., primary, De Iuliis, Geoffry N., additional, Nixon, Brett, additional, and Roman, Shaun D., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Inventory of Engineered Nanoparticle-Containing Consumer Products Available in the Singapore Retail Market and Likelihood of Release into the Aquatic Environment.
- Author
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Yuanyuan Zhang, Yu-Rui Leu, Aitken, Robert J., and Riediker, Michael
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Are sperm capacitation and apoptosis the opposite ends of a continuum driven by oxidative stress?
- Author
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Aitken, Robert J., Baker, Mark A., and Nixon, Brett
- Abstract
This chapter explores the possibility that capacitation and apoptosis are linked processes joined by their common dependence on the continued generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). According to this model capacitation is initiated in spematozoa following their release into the female reproductive tract as a consequence of intracellular ROS generation, which stimulates intracellular cAMP generation, inhibits tyrosine phosphatase activity and enhances the formation of oxysterols prior to their removal from the sperm surface by albumin. The continued generation of ROS by capacitating populations of spermatozoa eventually overwhelms the limited capacity of these cells to protect themselves from oxidative stress. As a result the over-capacitation of spermatozoa leads to a state of senescence and the activation of a truncated intrinsic apoptotic cascade characterized by enhanced mitochondrial ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, motility loss, caspase activation and phosphatidylserine externalization. The latter may be particularly important in instructing phagocytic leukocytes that the removal of senescent, moribund spermatozoa should be a silent process unaccompanied by the generation of proinflammatory cytokines. These observations reveal the central role played by redox chemistry in defining the life and death of spermatozoa. A knowledge of these mechanisms may help us to engineer novel solutions to both support and preserve the functionality of these highly specialized cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Oxidative stress and male reproductive health.
- Author
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Aitken, Robert J., Smith, Tegan B., Jobling, Matthew S., Baker, Mark A., and De Iuliis, Geoffry N.
- Abstract
One of the major causes of defective sperm function is oxidative stress, which not only disrupts the integrity of sperm DNA but also limits the fertilizing potential of these cells as a result of collateral damage to proteins and lipids in the sperm plasma membrane. The origins of such oxidative stress appear to involve the sperm mitochondria, which have a tendency to generate high levels of superoxide anion as a prelude to entering the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Unfortunately, these cells have very little capacity to respond to such an attack because they only possess the first enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1). The latter successfully creates an abasic site, but the spermatozoa cannot process the oxidative lesion further because they lack the downstream proteins (APE1, XRCC1) needed to complete the repair process. It is the responsibility of the oocyte to continue the BER pathway prior to initiation of S-phase of the first mitotic division. If a mistake is made by the oocyte at this stage of development, a mutation will be created that will be represented in every cell in the body. Such mechanisms may explain the increase in childhood cancers and other diseases observed in the offspring of males who have suffered oxidative stress in their germ line as a consequence of age, environmental or lifestyle factors. The high prevalence of oxidative DNA damage in the spermatozoa of male infertility patients may have implications for the health of children conceived in vitro and serves as a driver for current research into the origins of free radical generation in the germ line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The presence of a truncated base excision repair pathway in human spermatozoa that is mediated by OGG1.
- Author
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Smith, Tegan B., Dun, Matthew D., Smith, Nathan D., Curry, Ben J., Connaughton, Haley S., and Aitken, Robert J.
- Subjects
SPERMATOZOA ,DNA repair ,GLYCOSYLASES ,MITOCHONDRIA ,DNA damage ,OXIDATIVE stress - Abstract
DNA repair has long been considered impossible in human spermatozoa due to the high level of DNA compaction observed in these cells. However, detailed examination of the base excision repair pathway in human spermatozoa has revealed the presence of an enzyme critical to this pathway, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1). This glycosylase was associated with the sperm nucleus and mitochondria and could actively excise 8-hydroxy-29-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), releasing this adduct into the extracellular space. This activity was significantly reduced in the presence of cadmium (II), a recognized inhibitor of OGG1, in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P,0.001). Remarkably, spermatozoa do not possess the downstream components of the base excision repair pathway, apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1 (XRCC1). The absence of these proteins was particularly significant, as APE1 is required to create a 39-hydroxyl (39-OH) terminus at the apurinic site created by OGG1, which would be recognized by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. As a result, TUNEL was unable to detect oxidatively induced DNA damage in spermatozoa following exposure to hydrogen peroxide. In the same cells, intracellular and extracellular 8OHdG could be clearly detected in a manner that was highly correlated with the outcome of the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). However, incubation of these cells for 48 hours revealed a time-dependent increase in TUNEL positivity, suggesting the perimortem activation of a nuclease. These results emphasize the limited capacity of mature spermatozoa to mount a DNA repair response to oxidative stress, and highlight the importance of such mechanisms in the oocyte in order to protect the embryo from paternally mediated genetic damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Standards in semen examination: publishing reproducible and reliable data based on high-quality methodology
- Author
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Lars Björndahl, Christopher L R Barratt, David Mortimer, Ashok Agarwal, Robert J Aitken, Juan G Alvarez, Natalie Aneck-Hahn, Stefan Arver, Elisabetta Baldi, Lluís Bassas, Florence Boitrelle, Riana Bornman, Douglas T Carrell, José A Castilla, Gerardo Cerezo Parra, Jerome H Check, Patricia S Cuasnicu, Sally Perreault Darney, Christiaan de Jager, Christopher J De Jonge, Joël R Drevet, Erma Z Drobnis, Stefan S Du Plessis, Michael L Eisenberg, Sandro C Esteves, Evangelini A Evgeni, Alberto Ferlin, Nicolas Garrido, Aleksander Giwercman, Ilse G F Goovaerts, Trine B Haugen, Ralf Henkel, Lars Henningsohn, Marie-Claude Hofmann, James M Hotaling, Piotr Jedrzejczak, Pierre Jouannet, Niels Jørgensen, Jackson C Kirkman Brown, Csilla Krausz, Maciej Kurpisz, Ulrik Kvist, Dolores J Lamb, Hagai Levine, Kate L Loveland, Robert I McLachlan, Ali Mahran, Liana Maree, Sarah Martins da Silva, Michael T Mbizvo, Andreas Meinhardt, Roelof Menkveld, Sharon T Mortimer, Sergey Moskovtsev, Charles H Muller, Maria José Munuce, Monica Muratori, Craig Niederberger, Cristian O’Flaherty, Rafael Oliva, Willem Ombelet, Allan A Pacey, Michael A Palladino, Ranjith Ramasamy, Liliana Ramos, Nathalie Rives, Eduardo Rs Roldan, Susan Rothmann, Denny Sakkas, Andrea Salonia, Maria Cristina Sánchez-Pozo, Rosanna Sapiro, Stefan Schlatt, Peter N Schlegel, Hans-Christian Schuppe, Rupin Shah, Niels E Skakkebæk, Katja Teerds, Igor Toskin, Herman Tournaye, Paul J Turek, Gerhard van der Horst, Monica Vazquez-Levin, Christina Wang, Alex Wetzels, Theodosia Zeginiadou, Armand Zini, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinical sciences, Biology of the Testis, Centre for Reproductive Medicine - Gynaecology, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation Communication (NorDic), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Björndahl, L, Barratt, Clr, Mortimer, D, Agarwal, A, Aitken, Rj, Alvarez, Jg, Aneck-Hahn, N, Arver, S, Baldi, E, Bassas, L, Boitrelle, F, Bornman, R, Carrell, Dt, Castilla, Ja, Cerezo Parra, G, Check, Jh, Cuasnicu, P, Darney, Sp, de Jager, C, De Jonge, Cj, Drevet, Jr, Drobnis, Ez, Du Plessis, S, Eisenberg, Ml, Esteves, Sc, Evgeni, Ea, Ferlin, A, Garrido, N, Giwercman, A, Goovaerts, Igf, Haugen, Tb, Henkel, R, Henningsohn, L, Hofmann, Mc, Hotaling, Jm, Jedrzejczak, P, Jouannet, P, Jørgensen, N, Kirkman Brown, Jc, Krausz, C, Kurpisz, M, Kvist, U, Lamb, Dj, Levine, H, Loveland, Kl, Mclachlan, Ri, Mahran, A, Maree, L, Martins da Silva, S, Mbizvo, Mt, Meinhardt, A, Menkveld, R, Mortimer, St, Moskovtsev, S, Muller, Ch, Munuce, Mj, Muratori, M, Niederberger, C, O'Flaherty, C, Oliva, R, Ombelet, W, Pacey, Aa, Palladino, Ma, Ramasamy, R, Ramos, L, Rives, N, Roldan, Er, Rothmann, S, Sakkas, D, Salonia, A, Sánchez-Pozo, Mc, Sapiro, R, Schlatt, S, Schlegel, Pn, Schuppe, Hc, Shah, R, Skakkebæk, Ne, Teerds, K, Toskin, I, Tournaye, H, Turek, Pj, van der Horst, G, Vazquez-Levin, M, Wang, C, Wetzels, A, Zeginiadou, T, Zini, A., Pacey, Allan/0000-0002-4387-8871, Arver, Stefan/0000-0002-2925-355X, Mortimer, David/0000-0002-0638-2893, Barratt, christopher/0000-0003-0062-9979, Kirkman-Brown, Jackson, C/0000-0003-2833-8970, Bjorndahl, Lars/0000-0002-4709-5807, Baldi, Elisabetta/0000-0003-1808-3097, Aitken, Robert John/0000-0002-9152-156X, Bjorndahl, Lars, Barratt, Christopher L. R., Mortimer, David, Agarwal, Ashok, Aitken, Robert J., Alvarez, Juan G., Aneck-Hahn, Natalie, Arver, Stefan, Baldi, Elisabetta, Bassas, Lluis, Boitrelle, Florence, Bornman, Riana, Carrell, Douglas T., Castilla, Jose A., Cerezo Parra, Gerardo, Check, Jerome H., Cuasnicu, Patricia S., Darney, Sally Perreault, de Jager, Christiaan, De Jonge, Christopher J., Drevet, Joel R., Drobnis, Erma Z., Du Plessis, Stefan S., Eisenberg, Michael L., Esteves, Sandro C., Evgeni, Evangelini A., Ferlin, Alberto, Garrido, Nicolas, Giwercman, Aleksander, Goovaerts, Ilse G. F., Haugen, Trine B., Henkel, Ralf, Henningsohn, Lars, Hofmann, Marie-Claude, Hotaling, James M., Jedrzejczak, Piotr, Jouannet, Pierre, Jorgensen, Niels, Brown, Jackson C. Kirkman, Krausz, Csilla, Kurpisz, Maciej, Kvist, Ulrik, Lamb, Dolores J., Levine, Hagai, Loveland, Kate L., McLachlan, Robert, I, Mahran, Ali, Maree, Liana, da Silva, Sarah Martins, Mbizvo, Michael T., Meinhardt, Andreas, Menkveld, Roelof, Mortimer, Sharon T., Moskovtsev, Sergey, Muller, Charles H., Jose Munuce, Maria, Muratori, Monica, Niederberger, Craig, O'Flaherty, Cristian, Oliva, Rafael, OMBELET, Willem, Pacey, Allan A., Palladino, Michael A., Ramasamy, Ranjith, Ramos, Liliana, Rives, Nathalie, Roldan, Eduardo Rs, Rothmann, Susan, Sakkas, Denny, Salonia, Andrea, Cristina Sanchez-Pozo, Maria, Sapiro, Rosanna, Schlatt, Stefan, Schlegel, Peter N., Schuppe, Hans-Christian, Shah, Rupin, Skakkebaek, Niels E., Teerds, Katja, Toskin, Igor, Tournaye, Herman, Turek, Paul J., van der Horst, Gerhard, Vazquez-Levin, Monica, Wang, Christina, Wetzels, Alex, Zeginiadou, Theodosia, and Zini, Armand
- Subjects
Reproducitibility ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,andrology ,basic semen examination ,journal requirements ,laboratory training ,patient security ,quality control ,reproducibility ,reproductive medicine ,science development ,standardized laboratory procedures ,Humans ,Reproducibility of Results ,Publishing ,Semen ,Semen Analysis ,Andrology ,Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine ,Biology ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Reproductive Biology ,Science & Technology ,Rehabilitation ,Obstetrics & Gynecology ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Reproductive Medicine ,16 Studies in Human Society ,Human and Animal Physiology ,Fysiologie van Mens en Dier ,Human medicine ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Abstract
Biomedical science is rapidly developing in terms of more transparency, openness and reproducibility of scientific publications. This is even more important for all studies that are based on results from basic semen examination. Recently two concordant documents have been published: the 6th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, and the International Standard ISO 23162:2021. With these tools, we propose that authors should be instructed to follow these laboratory methods in order to publish studies in peer-reviewed journals, preferable by using a checklist as suggested in an Appendix to this article.
- Published
- 2022
49. Serum vitamin D content is associated with semen parameters and serum testosterone levels in men.
- Author
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Ciccone IM, Costa EM, Pariz JR, Teixeira TA, Drevet JR, Gharagozloo P, Aitken RJ, and Hallak J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Cholesterol blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Follicle Stimulating Hormone blood, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Luteinizing Hormone blood, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin analysis, Sperm Count, Young Adult, Semen Analysis, Testosterone blood, Vitamin D blood
- Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on semen quality and testosterone levels. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 508 male patients, aged 18-60 years, from 2007 to 2017. Seminal parameters and serum sexual hormones were correlated with serum vitamin D concentrations in 260 men selected by strict selection criteria. Patients were divided into normozoospermic group (NZG, n = 124) and a group with seminal abnormalities (SAG, n = 136). Evaluation included complete physical examination, past medical history, habits and lifestyle factors, two complete seminal analysis with sperm functional tests, serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D
3 (25(OH)VD3 ), total and free testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and karyotype. The mean concentration of 25(OH)VD3 was significantly lower in the SAG (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with all baseline seminal parameters and total testosterone levels. In addition, serum vitamin D3 concentration was found to be positively correlated with sperm concentration (β= 2.103; P < 0.001), total number of spermatozoa with progressive motility (β = 2.069; P = 0.003), total number of motile spermatozoa (β = 2.571; P = 0.015), and strict morphology (β = 0.056; P = 0.006), regardless of other variables. This is the first comparative study to address the issue of serum vitamin D3 content between normozoospermic patients and those with sperm abnormalities. It clearly demonstrates a direct and positive relationship between serum vitamin D level and overall semen quality, male reproductive potential, and testosterone levels., Competing Interests: None- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Inventory of Engineered Nanoparticle-Containing Consumer Products Available in the Singapore Retail Market and Likelihood of Release into the Aquatic Environment.
- Author
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Zhang Y, Leu YR, Aitken RJ, and Riediker M
- Subjects
- Humans, Risk Assessment, Singapore, Household Products, Manufactured Materials, Nanoparticles statistics & numerical data, Water Pollution, Chemical statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Consumer products containing engineered nanoparticles (ENP) are already entering the marketplace. This leads, inter alia, to questions about the potential for release of ENP into the environment from commercial products. We have inventoried the prevalence of ENP-containing consumer products in the Singapore market by carrying out onsite assessments of products sold in all major chains of retail and cosmetic stores. We have assessed their usage patterns and estimated release factors and emission quantities to obtain a better understanding of the quantities of ENP that are released into which compartments of the aquatic environment in Singapore. Products investigated were assessed for their likelihood to contain ENP based on the declaration of ENP by producers, feature descriptions, and the information on particle size from the literature. Among the 1,432 products investigated, 138 were "confirmed" and 293 were "likely" to contain ENP. Product categories included sunscreens, cosmetics, health and fitness, automotive, food, home and garden, clothing and footwear, and eyeglass/lens coatings. Among the 27 different types of nanomaterials identified, SiO2 was predominant, followed by TiO2 and ZnO, Carbon Black, Ag, and Au. The amounts of ENP released into the aquatic system, which was estimated on the basis of typical product use, ENP concentration in the product, daily use quantity, release factor, and market share, were in the range of several hundred tons per year. As these quantities are likely to increase, it will be important to further study the fate of ENP that reach the aquatic environment in Singapore.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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