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Objective: To determine the effects of supervised tooth brushing exercise on the oral hygiene status of school going children in Peshawar. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at a girl’s government school in university town, Peshawar, from Jul to Dec 2018. Methodology: All girls between age 7-10 years with mixed dentition, minimum plaque index score 2 and gingival index score 0 were included in the study. Sixty four girls were allocated into group A (intervention) and group B (control) using computer generated random numbers. Intervention group (32 subjects) was exposed to video plus supervised tooth brushing on a cast model while control group (32 subjects) only exposed to video on brushing technique. The plaque index score was recorded for oral hygiene status as outcome measure of intervention after one month. Results: The mean age of the participants was 9.53 ± 1.08 years. There was statistically significant difference in the plaque scores of interventional and control group after one month (0.3125 ± 0.470 vs. 1.312 ± 0.644, p

Talent management is the recruitment, selection, and retainment of the most talented workforce which indicates that it is an advanced field of human resource management (HRM). The prosperity of an organization depends upon its talent force. In todays dynamic and competitive world, talent management is one of the main stumbling issues that organizations face. This research study examines the reality of talent management in Pakistan; besides, the challenges in the implementation of talent management have also been investigated. This research study is qualitative; in-depth semi-structured interviews have been conducted to collect the primary data from a Pakistani public based multinational corporation. Using content analysis, the key themes were identified. The findings reveal that talent management practices lack in Pakistan, but the renowned multinational corporations follow proper procedures and policies related to talent management. Furthermore, the findings further discover that there are three major types of challenges which are being faced today by the organizations; the managerial behavioral challenges are the most important, employee behavioral challenges are the least important and the structural challenges are also essential to overcome, for the implementation of talent management. The findings from this research can be used by the management or the policymakers of different organizations to execute talent management effectively and efficiently.

Severe asthma is characterized by steroid insensitivity and poor symptom control and is responsible for most asthma-related hospital costs. Therapeutic options remain limited, in part due to limited understanding of mechanisms driving severe asthma. Increased arginine methylation, catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), is increased in human asthmatic lungs. In this study, we show that PRMT5 drives allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model reproducing multiple aspects of human severe asthma. We find that PRMT5 is required in CD4+ T cells for chronic steroid-insensitive severe lung inflammation, with selective T cell deletion of PRMT5 robustly suppressing eosinophilic and neutrophilic lung inflammation, pathology, airway remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. Mechanistically, we observed high pulmonary sterol metabolic activity, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), and Th17 responses, with PRMT5-dependent increases in RORγt’s agonist desmosterol. Our work demonstrates that T cell PRMT5 drives severe allergic lung inflammation and has potential implications for the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of severe asthma.

This qualitative study was conducted to investigate the perception of third-year dental students' about Kahoot! as an innovative learning, teaching, and assessment tool for the subject of Oral Pathology at the Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi. This online App was implemented as a teaching and assessment tool in both the first and second semesters during the academic year 2019. Out of 75 students, 50 were females and 25 were males. Students' opinion about Kahoot! was assessed using a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. Kahoot! has been implemented for the first time in the dental curriculum of our institution. Around 90% of the students accepted that they can easily comprehend the knowledge, challenge their mental ability, and become an attentive learner. The quizzes assisted students to identify different oral structures, histological features, and oral mucosal alteration in an interesting way. According to students' opinion, Kahoot! assist them to develop a notion of self-directed learning (69; 92%), and prepared to attempt exams confidently (68; 90%).

Present study aims to investigate dependency of business performance on concentrated ownership structure. This study has selected non-financial sector of Pakistan for measuring relationship of performance predictors and concentrated ownership structure. Relationship between concentrated ownership structure and performance is measured directly and also with moderation of tax avoidance. Sample of study is collected from 50 non-financial companies out of more than 450 companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange. Period of data collection is 6 years starting from 2015 to 2020. Results of study are based panel regression techniques Fixed Effect & Random Effect models and other pre-estimation and post-estimation techniques including descriptive statistics, unit root, correlation analysis and Hausman test. It is found that concentrated ownership significantly influence performance of business positively while tax avoidance moderates this relationship negatively for accounting measures of performance ROA & ROE and no moderating influence is found for market measure of performance Tobin’s Q.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a business process management system in which integrated applications are used to manage business processes in a shared data environment. ERP systems usually deal with the two types of business processes, i.e., exchange and conversion. In the exchange process, economic resource, such as product, exchanges to another economic resource, such as the sales process. In a conversion process, an enterprise consumes resources in order to produce new resources, such as the distribution process. Generally, the communication between ERP applications, based on the conversion and exchange processes, is accomplished through Web services. In this context, the implementation of Web services in ERP systems is a complex task. To manage this, the business process model and notation (BPMN) are frequently utilized to simplify the development of ERP applications. However, state-of-the-art BPMN approaches usually deal with the modeling of exchange processes without considering the conversion process. Furthermore, the model transformation solution to automatically generate Web services from the BPMN models are hard to find in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, a novel framework is proposed that supports the modeling of both exchanges as well as conversion processes through BPMN. Particularly, a modeling approach is introduced to represent the ERP processes through BPMN concepts. Subsequently, the rules are developed to convert source BPMN models into target Service-oriented architecture Modeling Language (SoaML) models. Finally, transformation rules are developed to generate fully functional executable Java Web services from SoaML models. As a part of the research, a complete open-source BPMN to Web services transformation (B2W) tool is developed to automatically generate the Web services from the high-level BPMN models. The proposed framework is validated through multiple case studies. The experimental results prove that the proposed framework accurately generates Web services from the BPMN models, which eventually helps in developing the ERP systems with simplicity.

We present a model-independent measure of dynamical complexity based on simulating complex quantum dynamics using stroboscopic Markovian dynamics. Tools from classical signal processing enable us to infer the Hilbert space dimension of a complex quantum system evolving under a time-independent Hamiltonian via pulsed interrogation. We evaluate our model-independent simulation complexity (MISC) for the spin-boson model and simulated third-order pump-probe spectroscopy data for exciton transport in coupled dimers with vibrational levels. The former provides insights into coherence and population dynamics in the two-level system while the latter reveals the dimension of the singly-excited manifold of the dimer. Finally, we probe the complexity of excitonic transport in light harvesting 2 (LH2) and Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complexes using data from two recent nonlinear ultrafast optical spectroscopy experiments. For the latter we make some model-independent inferences that are commensurate with model-specific ones. This includes estimating the fewest number of parameters needed to fit the experimental data and identifying the spatial extent, i.e., delocalization size, of quantum states occurring in this complex quantum dynamics., Comment: 21 pages, inculding 6 appendices and 10 figures

Background:To the best of our knowledge, the general population of Pakistan has never been evaluated for age-related cognitive performance. We aimed to determine the decline in cognitive abilities using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Mini-Cognition (Mini-Cog) in the three age brackets, i.e. younger, middle-aged and older adults. Methodology:This cross-sectional study was conducted over a sample of 200 subjects (both male and female) divided into three different groups with respect to their age, i.e. younger, middle-aged and older adults. For cognitive assessment, MMSE and Mini-Cog were used with predetermined cut-off values. A point was scored for each correct answer based on the participant’s familiarization of environment, memory, speech, and ability to follow instructions to read or write. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results:Based on the study findings, MMSE suggested that 2.5% of participants had severe cognitive impairment, and 23% had mild cognitive impairment. Of these, 23 participants were in between 56 to 75 years of age, indicating increased cognitive decline among older adults. The mean MMSE score was 26.58 among young adults, which further decreased to 24.06 among older adults. The results of the regression analysis displayed that age, occupational load and educational levels were independent predictors of cognitive performances (higher MMSE score) (p Conclusion:This pilot study determining the cognitive performance in different age groups yielded positive outcomes. Both MMSE and Mini-Cog findings were comparable and indicated that there was a significant age-related cognitive decline which was comparatively more pronounced among males than females. However, further descriptive studies might help in defining the appropriate and timely screening of cognitive abilities using MMSE and Mini-Cog. Link: http://aeirc-edu.com/ojs14/index.php/app/article/view/498/612

We make this report to check the difficulties or problems facing by those students who are doing training in medical institute. Research which they making are not an easy works when they are also doing their trainings. We take this survey in 2019-2020, with about 98 respondents to know about their problems and issues which they are facing during their research also when their trainings are going on too. We arrange survey with question answers and ask these questions to trainees who are doing their training and also doing researches. After this survey we concluded results that some of trainees show the response as on research, they are paying their expenses by themselves, funding from medical department is very less. And another point is that time they get for research is very less. In this shortage of time it is very difficult for them to arrange all material and complete out their research on time. They also said that they do not have proper training to do these types of tasks as research, so that why it becomes difficult for them. Ratios of these answers was different as respondents those who was getting difficulty in time to complete their research was about 77% and those who can’t meet their expenses to complete their task was 78% some of them ask about that they are not properly trained, they did not get training to complete this research was 80% and so on. So after this survey and results we have concluded that they should have complete knowledge about their field and proper practices and training is needed. With these types of researches, problems which are going to get highlighted should be solved. And it is also important to fulfill they requirement which respondents need to complete their tasks. Key Words: Trainees, barriers, researches, medications, clinics.

Malaria is a diseased that is caused by bites of mosquito. Malaria is a very spreading disease in all over the world also in Pakistan. Different tests conducted to diagnose this disease. Test also conducted in Lahore or all over the Pakistan on different people of age pregnant and non- pregnancy females living in urban and rural area as well. 1000 tests had conducted in 11% male 7% non-pregnant females and 8% pregnant females suffering from this disease. Patients show different signs like fever headache vomiting. Mostly malaria spreading in rural areas where proper sewerage system is not exist water standing at unpaved streets due to which new mosquitos born. It is also observed that it infects poor and middle class people who do not afford anti mosquitos. Key Words: Malaria, unpaved conditions, rural areas, developing countries, pregnant females

Objective: A short pre-hospital delay, from the onset of symptoms to rapid initiation of reperfusion therapy, is a crucial factor in determining prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate symptoms and presentation delay times in MI patients with and without diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan over a period of 6 months. The study sample consisted of 280 consenting individuals diagnosed with ST-elevation MI (STEMI) or Non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI), out of which 130 were diabetic and 150 were non-diabetic. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire, investigating MI symptoms along with causes and duration of pre-hospital delay within 72 hours of admission. Results: No significant difference was found in the intensity of chest pain between diabetics and non-diabetics. Atypical symptoms of MI such as anxiety (p

In this paper, a transient study on Isolated Wind-Diesel Hybrid System (IWDHS) of 200 kW has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The detailed model of synchronous generator coupled to diesel engine, self-excited induction generator and load is studied and considered for analyzing the dynamic behavior of IWDHS. It has been taken into consideration that most of the time; the energy is to be provided by wind turbine in comparison to diesel generator. Instead of a fixed wind speed, the IWDHS is being supplied by variable wind speeds. that are more than its nominal value (10 m/s). This function is accomplished by using a conventional PI controller which regulates the pitch angle of the wind turbine blades during incoming varying gusts of wind. Further the system performance is improved by implementing an ANFIS controller. A controller design process is identified; it consists of generating input-output data pairs to identify the control variables range and initial fuzzy memberships, and then to tune or adapt them using an ANFIS network structure. The control objective was to extract maximum power at varying wind speeds and to limit the power as well as improve settling time at rated value at high wind speeds. The simulations have shown how advantageous an ANFIS based controller is over a conventional PI controller.

Objectives: To assess the readiness for eLearning in dental institutes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Three dental institutes affiliated with three different universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. Period: October 2016 to January 2017. Methods: Participants were all the dental students (n=789), postgraduate trainees (n=167) and faculty members (n=103) of these institutes. Data were collected using pre-validated ‘Students' E-learning Readiness Scale’ and interpreted through descriptive and non-parametric statistics. Results: The response rate was 54% (568/1059). The respondents were predominantly female (62.3%), however, most of the faculty members were male. The mean scores for the undergraduates, postgraduates and the faculty across all the subscales (technology access, online skills and relationship, motivation, online audio/video preferences, readiness for online discussions and the importance of e-learning to participants’ success) were above 3, indicating good readiness. The agreement was relatively lower in the subscales on motivation and online discussions. The mean scores of the faculty were higher than the undergraduate and postgraduate students. A comparison among genders also showed significantly higher readiness for eLearning among males than the female. Both the public and private institutes have access to technology and internet facilities. Conclusion: The undergraduate, postgraduate students and faculty from the public and private-sector institutes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have good readiness for eLearning. The female students need further training in effective use of computer and internet for educational purpose. Course designers should focus on improving learners’ motivation and online interaction. Future research should compare our findings with institutions in other provinces of Pakistan.

The present work is motivated by the question as to what aspect of correlation entailed by the two-qubit state serves as the appropriate quantitative resource for steering. To this end, considering Bell-diagonal states, suitable measures of simultaneous correlations in two and three complementary (mutually unbiased) bases are identified as the relevant resources for quantum steering. Quantitative relations between appropriate measures of quantum steering and the corresponding measures of simultaneous correlations in complementary bases are demonstrated which ensure that for two qubit steerable Bell-diagonal states, higher value of simultaneous correlations in mutually unbiased bases necessarily implies higher degree of quantum steering, both for two and three setting steering scenarios., Comment: 5 pages, accepted version

To assess the clinical learning environment in dental institutes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.The multi-centre cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to May 2017, and comprised students of three institutes affiliated with three different universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. These included the public-sector Khyber Medical University and two in the private sector: Gandhara University and Riphah International University. A validated Dental Clinical Learning Environment Instrument was distributed among the undergraduate and postgraduate students who were asked to record their perceptions using a six-item Likert scale. Data was analysed using non-parametric statistics.Of the 700 students approached, 553(79%) responded. Of them, 345(62.4%) were females. The mean score for the public-sector institute was 56.69% ± 26.88 (moderate) and 60.53% ± 27.94 (borderline-good) and 62.76% ± 26.02 (borderline-good) for the two private institutes respectively. Clinical teachers were significantly more approachable in private than public sector (p0.05). The participants from public-sector institute reported lack of vigour, infrastructure, clinical resources and research opportunities. Those from the private sector felt more satisfied and confident about their clinical training but reported having patients for their appointments as a challenge. There were significant differences among those having different gender and levels of training (p0.05). All participants found clinical seminars helpful.Clinical learning environment was slightly positive than negative but borderline. The students from private institutes had higher satisfaction than those in public..

In recent years, exploring the possible use of separable states as resource for achieving quantum information processing(QIP) tasks has been gaining increasing significance. In this context, a particularly important demonstration has been that non-vanishing discord is the necessary condition for the separable states to be used as resource for remotely preparing any arbitrary pure target state [Nature Physics $8$, $666$ $(2012)$]. The present work stems from our observation that not only resource states with same discord can imply different efficiencies (in terms of average fidelity) of the remote state preparation (RSP) protocol, but also states with higher discord can imply lower RSP efficiency. This, therefore, necessitates identification of the relevant feature of quantum correlations which can appropriately quantify effectiveness of the resource state for the RSP protocol. To this end, for the two-qubit Bell-diagonal states, we show that an appropriate measure of simultaneous correlations in three mutually unbiased bases can serve to quantify usefulness of the resource for the RSP task using entangled as well as separable states, including non-discordant states as resource. In particular, it is revealed that zero-discord states having such non-vanishing measure can be useful for remotely preparing a subset of pure target states. Thus, this work shows that, using separable states, an effective resource for QIP tasks such as RSP can be provided by simultaneous correlations in mutually unbiased bases., Comment: 7 pages

ADAMTS2 (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase With Thrombospondin Motifs 2) is recognized as a metalloproteinase that promotes the cleavage of amino propeptides of types I, II, III, and V procollagens. However, the role of ADAMTS2 in the heart has not yet been defined. Herein, we observed the upregulated expression of ADAMTS2 in failing human hearts and hypertrophic murine hearts. Mice lacking ADAMTS2 display exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy on pressure overload–induced hypertrophic response, whereas mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of ADAMTS2 display alleviation of this detrimental phenotype. Consistent with these results, in vitro loss or gain of function experiments in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes confirmed that ADAMTS2 negatively regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to Ang II. Mechanistically, blockage of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B)–dependent signaling pathway with specific inhibitors both in vivo and in vitro could rescue the aggravated hypertrophic response to the loss of ADAMTS2. Collectively, we propose that ADAMTS2 regulates the hypertrophic response through inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT-dependent signaling pathway. Because ADAMTS2 is an extracellular protein, it could be effectively manipulated using pharmacological means to modulate cardiac hypertrophy.