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Abstract Background Death caused by traffic accidents is one of the major problems of health systems in low- and middle-income countries. Rapid handover of the traffic accident victims and proper collaboration between the pre-hospital and emergency departments (EDs) play a critical role in improving the treatment process and decreasing the number of accidental deaths. Considering the importance of the collaboration between pre-hospital and emergency departments, this study was designed to investigate the facilitators and barriers of collaboration between pre-hospital and emergency departments in traffic accidents. Method This research is a qualitative study using content analysis. In order to collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. Seventeen subjects (including pre-hospital and emergency department personnel, emergency medicine specialists, and hospital managers) were selected through purposive sampling and were interviewed. After transcribing and reviewing interviews, data analysis was performed with the qualitative content analysis approach. Results The participants consisted of 17 individuals (15 persons in pre-hospital and emergency departments with at least three years of work experience, one emergency medicine specialist and one hospital manager) who were selected by purposive sampling. The interviews were analyzed and three main categories and seven sub-categories were extracted. The main categories included “individual capabilities”, “development of mutual understanding”, and “infrastructures and processes”. Discussion Proper and practical planning and policymaking to strengthen facilitators and eliminate barriers to collaborate between pre-hospital and emergency departments are key points in promoting collaboration between these two important sectors of health system and reducing the traffic accident casualties in Iran.

Background: Recently, machine learning (ML) methods have been progressively applied in medical researches. Predicting ICU outcome helps hospitals to better manage their resources. In addition, by recognition of the most important factors in predicting ICU outcome, some new protocols may be developed to consider these factors in the treatment. Objective: The present study is a descriptive applied study in the field of ML and intensive care unit (ICU) to determine the predicting factors associated with the outcome of neurosurgery ICU. Method: Data of 1200 patients admitted to the neurosurgery ICU, [BLINDED FOR REVIEW] during the period of 2017 to 2019 was studied. Demographic features (age, sex, weight, height), comorbidities, ICU admission time, ICU re-admission, smoking and related complications were collected. Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) was used as a non-parametric strategy for choosing features with the aim of enhancing prediction accuracy of regression and classification algorithms. Results: Using this approach, we found that the most important predictor factors for the outcome of neurosurgery patients were age, weight, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, prior operation, smoking and alcohol, sex, blood glucose, ischemic heart disorder, meningitis, acute kidney injury, tracheostomy, prior ICU admission, seizure, and fever. Conclusion: The application of ML enables the prediction of outcomes of neurosurgery patients.

Background and aims: In spite of industrial safety’s developments in Iran, construction safety is not in desirable level and needs to be evaluated from different aspects. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety climate structure in construction projects and its effect on safety performance and accidents frequency rate. Methods: This study was conducted at 4 construction projects. Safety climate measured using a validated safety climate questionnaire between 226 workers of these projects. Safety and health performance evaluated using the method of south pars Gas Company’s tool that consists of several safety and health items that are important in construction. Safety climate structure was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. The relation between safety climate factors, safety performance dimensions and accidents frequency rate evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: 31 variables of the main questionnaire formed 8. Total safety climate score, had positive significant correlation with Dimention2 (Section one of safety level assessment). Other correlations between safety climate factors and safety performance dimensions in spite of being high were not significant. There was s negative significant correlation between total safety climate score, safety rules awareness factor, rules and regulations factor and Accidents frequency rate. Conclusion: According the results of this research, safety climate and safety performance was related in construction projects. Factors 1 (Safety rules and regulations knowledge) and factor 7 (Safety rules and regulations) had more importance in work place’s safety and improved performance in this factors was associated with reduction in accidents. This study showed that 6 dimensions of Gas Company’s tool for safety performance assessment can be used in construction projects.

Background & Objectives: Maintenance is an important tool for the petrochemical industries to prevent of accidents and increase operational and process safety success. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible causes of incidents caused by human error in the petrochemical maintenance activities by using Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis that was conducted in Zagros Petrochemical Company, Asaluyeh-Iran. A checklist of human error-induced incidents was developed based on four HFACS main levels and nineteen sub-groups. Hierarchical task analysis (HTA) technique was used to identify maintenance activities and tasks. The main causes of possible incidents were identified by checklist and recorded. Corrective and preventive actions were defined depending on priority. Results: The content analysis of worksheets of 444 activities showed 37.6% of the causes at the level of unsafe actions, 27.5% at the level of unsafe supervision, 20.9% at the level of preconditions for unsafe acts and 14% of the causes at the level of organizational effects. The HFACS sub-groups showed errors (24.36%) inadequate supervision (14.89%) and violations (13.26%) with the most frequency. Conclusion: In order to prevent and reduce the occurrence of the identified errors, reducing the rate of the detected errors is crucial. Findings of this study showed that appropriate controlling measures such as periodical training of work procedures and supervision improvement decrease the human error-induced incidents in petrochemical industry maintenance.

Objective. To take a deep look at the challenges of cooperation between the pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency services in the handover of victims of road traffic accidents. Methods. This is a qualitative study and the method used is of content analysis type. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Through purposive sampling, fifteen employees from ambulance personnel and hospital emergency staff were selected and interviewed. They expressed their experiences of cooperation between these two teams in the handover of traffic accident casualties. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and content analysis method was used to explain and interpret the content of the interviews. Results. Three major categories were derived from the analysis of interviews: Shortage of infrastructure resources (Shortage of equipment, Shortage of physical space, and Shortage of manpower); Inefficient and unscientific management (Shaky accountability, Out-of-date information based activities, Poor motivation, and Manpower low productivity); and Non-common language (Difference in understanding and empathy, and Difference in training and experience). Conclusion. The obtained results of this study suggest that the careful planning of resources, the promotion of managerial practices as well as empowerment program of the staff, healthcare managers and policymakers can take a pace forward in order to enter into a hearty coordination between these two services for the attention of victims of road traffic accidents. How to cite this article: Tehranineshat B, Rakhshan M. Jamshidi H, Jazani RK, Alibabaei A, Alamdari S, Kalyani MN. Challenges of Cooperation between the Pre-hospital and In-hospital Emergency services in the handover of victims of road traffic accidents: A Qualitative Study. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(1):e08.

Nowadays, the change and dynamism of organizations are the basic principles; therefore, managers should modify the goals, plans and work procedures so that they can be compatible with the environment condition. The management of HSE is not excepted from this principle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the processes affecting HSE. This study was a cross-sectional and applied study using the review of relevant documentation, interviews and brainstorming with experts, and the reviews of Best Practice to identify the HSE's processes. After checking the HSE activities, the 5 processes of HSE training, managing the risks, events, emergencies and contractors and any changes in the other processes of the organization were also suggested. The results showed that a process approaching the form of an intervention programed can be provided in order to have a better interaction between the HSE activities and organizations processes and workplace health promotion for the HSE activities.

Background: Although the hospital is known as a safe place for treating patients, due to various reasons, it is prone to several internal hazards, including fire. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting hospital emergency evacuation during fire. Methods: This was a systematic review conducted according to the PRISMA guideline. Thematic Content analysis was utilized to analyze and extract results. We found the studies investigating the factors affecting hospital emergency evacuation during fire through a comprehensive search in various data resources (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, IRANMEDEX, SID, ISC, and Magiran) and other sources from the beginning of January 2000 to the end of December 2019. Thematic Content analysis was also employed to analyze. Results: At first and based on the initial search, 4484 studies were identified, and 48 articles were finally included in the study. Based on the results; five main themes along with 10 sub-themes were identified. The themes included the incident's characteristics, response measures, hospital preparedness, hospital residents, and hospital building, and the sub-themes were emergency evacuation features, fire characteristics, command, operation, patients' and staff's characteristics, planning, logistics, and structure and design hospital. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, hospital preparedness as one of the most important factors can reduce the hospital evacuation time. Therefore, hospitals can ensure a timely and more effective response in emergency evacuation during fire by improving their preparedness.

Nowadays, air ambulances have been developed as part of advanced emergency medicine services with many countries employing these services for transferring patients in usual and emergency conditions. However, there are challenges concerning the optimal development of air ambulance base. The present research aimed to identify factors affecting the development of air ambulance bases to provide the opportunity of planning to improve the quality of emergency medical services. In this systematic literature review, the peer-reviewed papers in fiv electronic databases, including Medline through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, as well as available gray literature, were searched and selected. Two combinations of groups were used as keywords: the Health Planning and development factor, air ambulance base. The focus was on the PRISMA checklist, with no time limitations until from 1990 to January 2020. Finally, through 5156 related citations, 20 articles were included. Descriptive and thematic content analyses were evaluated. The factors affecting the development of the air ambulance base were classified in fiv categories and 14 subcategories as follows: navigation criteria, process indications and standards, sociopolitical factors, and current situation of the area. There are few studies on factors affecting the development of air ambulance bases. It is necessary to apply multidimensional models to consider various factors for development. The development of high populated cities, events and ceremonies with a crowd of participants, and increase of human-made disasters are making these services increasingly indispensable.

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is one of the concepts, which consider process orientated view and promises significance successes. Since this concept is multidisciplinary, success in this endeavour requires considering different factors. However, a number of studies have been conducted to identify these factors; specific conditions of Iranian organization raise the need of studying the success factors in Iranian organizations with considering holistic view and their indications. In this paper, case study method has been used for studying different projects in Iran and then data has been analyzed by Content Analysis in order to extract the success factors in Iranian organizations and their phenomenon. Finding of this research can be considered for customization of the holistic framework and also can be useful for stakeholders involved in BPR initiatives, in adequately planning the initiative and checking the progress during the implementation.