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1. Double resolvability parameters of fosmidomycin anti-malaria drug and exchange property

Author

Rashad Ismail, Sikander Ali, Muhammad Azeem, and Manzoor Ahmad Zahid

Subjects
Resolving set, Metric dimension, Edge metric dimension, Mixed metric dimension, Fosmidomycin, Exchange property, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

The practical and theoretical significance of the resolvability parameter makes it an important factor, particularly in the context of network analysis. Its significance is seen in various applications and consequences: Network security, efficient routing, social network analysis, facility location, and site selection. This article finds the double resolvability parameters of the fosmidomycin anti-malaria drug. Resolvability parameters like double metric, double edge metric, and double mixed metric dimensions of fosmidomycin anti-malaria drug also hold exchange properties in the molecular graph of fosmidomycin. We convert the molecular structures of fosmidomycin into molecular graphs and then find some resolvability parameters.

Published
2024
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2. Sensor Fusion and Machine Learning for Seated Movement Detection With Trunk Orthosis

Author

Ahmad Zahid Rao, Saba Shahid Siddique, Muhammad Danish Mujib, Muhammad Abul Hasan, Ahmad O. Alokaily, and Tayyaba Tahira

Subjects
Electromyography (EMG), fall, IMU, intention, machine learning, movement, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Advanced assistive devices developed for activities of daily living use machine learning (ML) for motion intention detection using wearable sensors. Trunk assistive devices provide safety, balance, and independence for wheelchair users individuals who spend prolonged hours in sitting positions. We used ML for trunk movement intention detection with a trunk orthosis. Sensor fusion technique with four electromyography (EMG) and one inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor signals are used to develop a three-level classification system. Forty participants engaged in seated trunk movement trials wearing the orthosis. The trials comprised 30 movements involving trunk flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. The wrapper method was used to reduce essential EMG features. Ensemble (ES), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector machine ML classifiers were used. Twenty-six features (five EMG for each of four muscles and six for IMU) were used to develop ten individual ML models, resulting in an average accuracy of 95.44%. Eight models achieved the highest accuracy with the ES and two with KNN. The models were then cascaded to form a trunk motion detection system that achieved a test accuracy of 87.0%. The promising result of this study can be implemented for trunk motion recognition with active trunk orthosis.

Published
2024
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3. User Perspectives and Psychophysiological Manifestations of Fatigue with Trunk Orthosis for Dystrophinopathy Patients

Author

Ahmad Zahid Rao, Muhammad Danish Mujib, Muhammad Abul Hasan, Ahmad O. Alokaily, Tayyaba Tahira, and Saad Ahmed Qazi

Subjects
dystrophy, electromyography (EMG), exertion, fatigue, orthosis, trunk, Technology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The chair-mounted passive trunk orthosis (CMPTO) is designed to enhance wheelchair safety for individuals with dystrophinopathy during their daily activities. Given the disease’s progressive nature, it is crucial to ensure that assistive devices are carefully evaluated to prevent overexertion. This study aims to assess the CMPTO’s user experience and its impact on fatigue-related psychophysiological measurements. We conducted electromyography (EMG) evaluations of four trunk muscles and assessed perceived exertion using the Borg CR-10 scale in 40 healthy subjects while they performed seated maximal reaching tasks with the CMPTO. Additionally, fifteen dystrophinopathy patients evaluated the CMPTO for usability with the System Usability Scale. Paired t-tests were employed to compare the median frequency (MDF) of EMG signals, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for evaluating exertion, and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare the usability reported by patients to those of healthy subjects. The 4-way ANOVA revealed that MDF patterns were significantly influenced by task orientation for each muscle. The CMPTO did not cause a significant reduction in the MDF. Tasks requiring greater trunk rotation were perceived as more exhaustive. Patients reported acceptable usability with the CMPTO, with scores higher than those of healthy subjects. The CMPTO’s usability was comprehensively evaluated in both healthy subjects and patients with dystrophinopathy. Our findings indicate that the CMPTO can be safely used by individuals with dystrophinopathy as an assistive device to improve seated comfort and functional abilities.

Published
2024
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4. Comparative Neurological and Behavioral Assessment of Central and Peripheral Stimulation Technologies for Induced Pain and Cognitive Tasks

Author

Muhammad Danish Mujib, Ahmad Zahid Rao, Muhammad Abul Hasan, Ayesha Ikhlaq, Hira Shahid, Nargis Bano, Muhammad Usman Mustafa, Faisal Mukhtar, Mehrun Nisa, and Saad Ahmed Qazi

Subjects
pain, physiology, data analysis, signal transduction, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Pain is a multifaceted, multisystem disorder that adversely affects neuro-psychological processes. This study compares the effectiveness of central stimulation (transcranial direct current stimulation—tDCS over F3/F4) and peripheral stimulation (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation—TENS over the median nerve) in pain inhibition during a cognitive task in healthy volunteers and to observe potential neuro-cognitive improvements. Eighty healthy participants underwent a comprehensive experimental protocol, including cognitive assessments, the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) for pain induction, and tDCS/TENS administration. EEG recordings were conducted pre- and post-intervention across all conditions. The protocol for this study was categorized into four groups: G1 (control), G2 (TENS), G3 (anodal-tDCS), and G4 (cathodal-tDCS). Paired t-tests (p < 0.05) were conducted to compare Pre-Stage, Post-Stage, and neuromodulation conditions, with t-values providing insights into effect magnitudes. The result showed a reduction in pain intensity with TENS (p = 0.002, t-value = −5.34) and cathodal-tDCS (p = 0.023, t-value = −5.08) and increased pain tolerance with TENS (p = 0.009, t-value = 4.98) and cathodal-tDCS (p = 0.001, t-value = 5.78). Anodal-tDCS (p = 0.041, t-value = 4.86) improved cognitive performance. The EEG analysis revealed distinct neural oscillatory patterns across the groups. Specifically, G2 and G4 showed delta-power reductions, while G3 observed an increase. Moreover, G2 exhibited increased theta-power in the occipital region during CPT and Post-Stages. In the alpha-band, G2, G3, and G4 had reductions Post-Stage, while G1 and G3 increased. Additionally, beta-power increased in the frontal region for G2 and G3, contrasting with a reduction in G4. Furthermore, gamma-power globally increased during CPT1, with G1, G2, and G3 showing reductions Post-Stage, while G4 displayed a global decrease. The findings confirm the efficacy of TENS and tDCS as possible non-drug therapeutic alternatives for cognition with alleviation from pain.

Published
2024
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5. Thermal inspection for viscous dissipation slip flow of hybrid nanofluid (TiO2–Al2O3/C2H6O2) using cylinder, platelet and blade shape features

Author

Hong Yang, Umer Hayat, Shakil Shaiq, Azeem Shahzad, Tasawar Abbas, Muhammad Naeem, Sami Ullah Khan, Taher Labidi, Lioua Kolsi, and Manzoor Ahmad Zahid

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Hybrid nanofluid are the modified class of nanofluids with extra high thermal performances and present different applications in automotive cooling, heat transfer devices, solar collectors, engine applications, fusion processes, machine cutting, chemical processes etc. This thermal research explores the heat transfer assessment due to hybrid nanofluid with of different shape features. The thermal inspections regarding the hybrid nanofluid model are justified with aluminium oxide and titanium nanoparticles. The base liquid properties are disclosed with ethylene glycol material. The novel impact of current model is the presentation of different shape features namely Platelets, blade and cylinder. Different thermal properties of utilized nanoparticles at various flow constraints are reported. The problem of hybrid nanofluid model is modified in view of slip mechanism, magnetic force and viscous dissipation. The heat transfer observations for decomposition of TiO2–Al2O3/C2H6O2 is assessed by using the convective boundary conditions. The shooting methodology is involved for finding the numerical observations of problem. Graphical impact of thermal parameters is observed for TiO2–Al2O3/C2H6O2 hybrid decomposition. The pronounced observations reveal that thermal rate enhanced for blade shaped titanium oxide-ethylene glycol decomposition. The wall shear force reduces for blade shaped titanium oxide nanoparticles.

Published
2023
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6. A regional analysis of payer and provider views on cholesterol management: PCSK9 inhibitors as an illustrative alignment model.

Author

McCormick, Dana, Bhatt, Deepak, Bays, Harold, Steinhoff, Jeff, Ahmad, Zahid, Singh, Rubina, Moreo, Kathleen, Carter, Jeffrey, Heggen, Cherilyn, Sapir, Tamar, Caldwell, Kim, Taub, Pam, and Guerin, Chris

Subjects
Anticholesteremic Agents, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Documentation, Drug Costs, Focus Groups, Humans, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, Medication Adherence, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Quality of Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, United States
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Multiple barriers exist for appropriate use of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 enzyme inhibitors (PCSK9i) in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) with inadequately controlled hypercholesterolemia despite standard therapies. Among these barriers, high payer rejection rates and inadequate prior authorization (PA) documentation by providers hinder optimal use of PCSK9i. OBJECTIVES: To (a) identify and discuss provider and payer discordances on barriers to authorization and use of PCSK9i based on clinical and real-world evidence and (b) align understanding and application of clinical, cost, safety, and efficacy data of PCSK9i. METHODS: Local groups of 3 payers and 3 providers met in 6 separate locations across the United States through a collaborative project of AMCP and PRIME Education. Responses to selected pre- and postmeeting survey questions measured changes in attitudes and beliefs regarding treatment barriers, lipid thresholds for considering PCSK9i therapy, and tactics for improving PA processes. Statistical analysis of inter- and intragroup changes in attitudes were performed by Cox proportional hazards test and Fishers exact test for < 5 variables. RESULTS: The majority of providers and payers (67%-78%) agreed that high patient copayments and inadequate PA documentation were significant barriers to PCSK9i usage. However, payers and providers differed on beliefs that current evidence does not support PCSK9i cost-effectiveness (6% providers, 56% payers; P = 0.003) and that PA presents excessive administrative burden (72% providers, 44% payers; P = 0.09) Average increases pre- to postmeeting were noted in provider beliefs that properly documented PA forms expedite access to PCSK9i (22%-50% increase) and current authorization criteria accurately distinguish patients who benefit most from PCSK9i (6%-22%). Payers decreased in their belief that current authorization criteria accurately distinguish benefiting patients (72%-50%). Providers and payers increased in their belief that PCSK9i are cost-effective (44%-61% and 28%-50%, respectively) and were more willing to consider PCSK9i at the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol threshold of > 70 mg/dL for patients with ASCVD (78%-83% and 44%-67%, respectively) or FH (22%-39% and 22%-33%). Payers were more agreeable to less stringent PA requirements for patients with FH (33%-72%, P = 0.019) and need for standardized PA requirements (50%-83%, P = 0.034); these considerations remained high (89%) among providers after the meeting. Most participants supported educational programs for patient treatment adherence (83%) and physician/staff PA processes (83%-94%). CONCLUSIONS: Provider and payer representatives in 6 distinct geographic locations provided recommendations to improve quality of care in patients eligible for PCSK9i. Participants also provided tactical recommendations for streamlining PA documentation processes and improving awareness of PCSK9i cost-effectiveness and clinical efficacy. The majority of participants supported development of universal, standardized patient eligibility criteria and PA forms. DISCLOSURES: The study reported in this article was part of a continuing education program funded by an independent educational grant awarded by Sanofi US and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals to PRIME Education. The grantor had no role in the study design, execution, analysis, or reporting. AMCP received grant funding from PRIME to assist in the study, as well as in writing the manuscript. McCormick, Bhatt, Bays, Taub, Caldwell, Guerin, Steinhoff, and Ahmad received an honorarium from PRIME for serving as faculty for the continuing education program. McCormick, Bhatt, Bays, Taub, Caldwell, Guerin, Steinhoff, and Ahmad were involved as participants in the study. Bhatt discloses the following relationships: Advisory board: Cardax, CellProthera, Cereno Scientific, Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology, Level Ex, Medscape Cardiology, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Regado Biosciences; Board of directors: Boston VA Research Institute, Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care, TobeSoft; Chair: American Heart Association Quality Oversight Committee; Data monitoring committees: Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute, for the PORTICO trial, funded by St. Jude Medical, now Abbott), Cleveland Clinic (including for the ExCEED trial, funded by Edwards), Contego Medical (Chair, PERFORMANCE 2), Duke Clinical Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (for the ENVISAGE trial, funded by Daiichi Sankyo), Population Health Research Institute; Honoraria: American College of Cardiology (Senior Associate Editor, Clinical Trials and News, ACC.org; Vice chair, ACC Accreditation Committee), Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute; RE-DUAL PCI clinical trial steering committee funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; AEGIS-II executive committee funded by CSL Behring), Belvoir Publications (Editor in Chief, Harvard Heart Letter), Duke Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committees, including for the PRONOUNCE trial, funded by Ferring Pharmaceuticals), HMP Global (Editor in Chief, Journal of Invasive Cardiology), Journal of the American College of Cardiology (Guest Editor; Associate Editor), K2P (Co-Chair, interdisciplinary curriculum), Level Ex, Medtelligence/ReachMD (CME steering committees), MJH Life Sciences, Population Health Research Institute (for the COMPASS operations committee, publications committee, steering committee, and USA national co-leader, funded by Bayer), Slack Publications (Chief Medical Editor, Cardiology Todays Intervention), Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care (Secretary/Treasurer), WebMD (CME steering committees); Other: Clinical Cardiology (Deputy Editor), NCDR-ACTION Registry Steering Committee (Chair), VA CART Research and Publications Committee (Chair); Research funding: Abbott, Afimmune, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardax, Chiesi, CSL Behring, Eisai, Ethicon, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Forest Laboratories, Fractyl, Idorsia, Ironwood, Ischemix, Lexicon, Lilly, Medtronic, Pfizer, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Synaptic, The Medicines Company; Royalties: Elsevier (Editor, Cardiovascular Intervention: A Companion to Braunwalds Heart Disease); Site co-investigator: Biotronik, Boston Scientific, CSI, St. Jude Medical (now Abbott), Svelte; Trustee: American College of Cardiology; Unfunded research: FlowCo, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Takeda. Bays research site has received research grants from 89Bio, Acasti, Akcea, Allergan, Alon Medtech/Epitomee, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Axsome, Boehringer Ingelheim, Civi, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Evidera, Gan and Lee, Home Access, Janssen, Johnson and Johnson, Lexicon, Matinas, Merck, Metavant, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Selecta, TIMI, and Urovant. Bays has served as a consultant/advisor for 89Bio, Amarin, Esperion, Matinas, and Gelesis, and speaker for Esperion. McCormick, Caldwell, Guerin, Ahmad, Singh, Moreo, Carter, Heggen, and Sapir have nothing to disclose.

Published
2020

7. Effect of melatonin in patients with low anterior resection syndrome (MELLARS): a study protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

Author

Ismail Gögenur, Peter Christensen, Michael Tvilling Madsen, Jawad Ahmad Zahid, and Orhan Bulut

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Introduction After rectal cancer surgery, a majority of patients suffer from sequelae known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). It is a collection of symptoms consisting of flatus and/or stool incontinence, evacuation frequency, re-evacuation and urgency. The circadian hormone, melatonin, has shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, and in high doses, it reduces bowel movements. The aim of the study is to investigate if locally administered melatonin has an alleviating effect on LARS. Secondarily, the effect of melatonin on bowel movements, other patient-reported symptoms, quality of life, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, motilin levels and rectal mucosa histology will be examined.Methods and analysis This is a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, two-period crossover trial. The participants are randomised to 28 days of 25 mg melatonin administered rectally via an enema daily (or placebo) followed by a 28-day washout and then 28 days of placebo (or melatonin). Three participants will be included in an internal feasibility test. They will receive 25 mg of melatonin daily for 28 days. Data from these participants will be used to assess the feasibility of the rectally administered melatonin and to analyse the course of recruitment and outcome measurements. Afterwards, 18 participants will be included in the crossover trial. The severity of the LARS symptoms will be evaluated using the LARS Score on the first and last day of each treatment period.Ethics and dissemination The Regional Ethics Committee, the Danish Medicines Agency and the Data and Development Support in Region Zealand approved this study. The study will be performed according to the Helsinki II declaration. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results of the study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and presented at congresses.Trial registration numbers EudraCT Registry (2020-004442-11) and ClinicalTrial.gov Registry (NCT05042700).

Published
2023
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9. Neoadjuvant intratumoral influenza vaccine treatment in patients with proficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer leads to increased tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and upregulation of PD-L1: a phase 1/2 clinical trial

Author

Susanne Brix, Ismail Gögenur, Mustafa Bulut, Lasse Bremholm Hansen, Mikail Gögenur, Lukas Balsevicius, Nesibe Colak, Tobias Freyberg Justesen, Anne-Marie Kanstrup Fiehn, Marianne Bøgevang Jensen, Kathrine Høst-Rasmussen, Britt Cappelen, Shruti Gaggar, Asma Tajik, Jawad Ahmad Zahid, Astrid Louise Bjørn Bennedsen, Tommaso Del Buono D’Ondes, Hans Raskov, Susanne Gjørup Sækmose, and Ali Salanti

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Background In colorectal cancer, the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors are mostly limited to patients with deficient mismatch repair tumors, characterized by a high grade infiltration of CD8+T cells. Interventions aimed at increasing intratumoral CD8+T-cell infiltration in proficient mismatch repair tumors are lacking.Methods We conducted a proof of concept phase 1/2 clinical trial, where patients with non-metastasizing sigmoid or rectal cancer, scheduled for curative intended surgery, were treated with an endoscopic intratumorally administered neoadjuvant influenza vaccine. Blood and tumor samples were collected before the injection and at the time of surgery. The primary outcome was safety of the intervention. Evaluation of pathological tumor regression grade, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry of blood, tissue bulk transcriptional analyses, and spatial protein profiling of tumor regions were all secondary outcomes.Results A total of 10 patients were included in the trial. Median patient age was 70 years (range 54–78), with 30% women. All patients had proficient mismatch repair Union of International Cancer Control stage I–III tumors. No endoscopic safety events occurred, with all patients undergoing curative surgery as scheduled (median 9 days after intervention). Increased CD8+T-cell tumor infiltration was evident after vaccination (median 73 vs 315 cells/mm2, p

Published
2023
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11. Risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in Bangladeshi adults: a national survey

Author

Mohammad Ziaul Haider, Rijwan Bhuiyan, Shamim Ahmed, Ahmad Zahid-Al-Quadir, Minhaj Rahim Choudhury, Syed Atiqul Haq, and Mohammad Mostafa Zaman

Subjects
Knee osteoarthritis, Risk factors, Bangladesh, Adult, Increasing age, Overweight, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis was reported as the second most prevalent condition in the national musculoskeletal survey. The purpose of this extended study was to identify risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in Bangladeshi adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh using stratified multistage cluster sample of 2000 adults aged 18 years or older recruited at their households. The Modified Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Disorders (COPCORD) questionnaire was used to collect data. The diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis was made using the decision tree clinical categorization criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify the risk factors for knee osteoarthritis. Results A total of 1843 individuals (892 men and 951 women) participated, and 134 had knee osteoarthritis yielding a prevalence of 7.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.9 to 9.6%). The mean (standard deviation) age of the knee osteoarthritis patients was 51.7 (11.2) years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found a significant association with increasing age (≥38 years OR 8.9, 95% CI 4.8–16.5; ≥58 years OR 13.9, 95% CI 6.9–28.0), low educational level (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0–2.7) and overweight (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.9) with knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis patients had a high likelihood of having work loss preceding 12 months (age and sex-adjusted OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.4–3.8; P

Published
2022
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12. Higher Dimensional Inhomogeneous Perfect Fluid Collapse in \emph{f(R)} Gravity

Author

Abbas, G., Khan, M. S., Ahmad, Zahid, and Zubair, M.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

This paper is about the $n+2$-dimensional gravitational contraction of inhomogeneous fluid without heat flux in the framework of $f(R)$ metric theory of gravity. Matching conditions for two regions of a star has been derived by using the Darmois junction conditions. For the analytic solution of equations of motion in modified $f(R)$ theory of gravity, we have taken scalar curvature as constant. Hence final result of gravitational collapse in this frame work is the existence of black hole and cosmological horizons, both of these form earlier than singularity. It has been shown that constant curvature term $f(R_{0})$ ($R_0$ is constant scalar curvature) slows down the collapsing process., Comment: 17 Pages, to appear in European Physical Journal C

Published
2017
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13. User Perspectives and Psychophysiological Manifestations of Fatigue with Trunk Orthosis for Dystrophinopathy Patients.

Author

Rao, Ahmad Zahid, Danish Mujib, Muhammad, Abul Hasan, Muhammad, Alokaily, Ahmad O., Tahira, Tayyaba, and Qazi, Saad Ahmed

Subjects
*FATIGUE (Physiology), *WILCOXON signed-rank test, *MANN Whitney U Test, *ASSISTIVE technology, *MEDIUM density fiberboard
Abstract

The chair-mounted passive trunk orthosis (CMPTO) is designed to enhance wheelchair safety for individuals with dystrophinopathy during their daily activities. Given the disease's progressive nature, it is crucial to ensure that assistive devices are carefully evaluated to prevent overexertion. This study aims to assess the CMPTO's user experience and its impact on fatigue-related psychophysiological measurements. We conducted electromyography (EMG) evaluations of four trunk muscles and assessed perceived exertion using the Borg CR-10 scale in 40 healthy subjects while they performed seated maximal reaching tasks with the CMPTO. Additionally, fifteen dystrophinopathy patients evaluated the CMPTO for usability with the System Usability Scale. Paired t-tests were employed to compare the median frequency (MDF) of EMG signals, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for evaluating exertion, and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare the usability reported by patients to those of healthy subjects. The 4-way ANOVA revealed that MDF patterns were significantly influenced by task orientation for each muscle. The CMPTO did not cause a significant reduction in the MDF. Tasks requiring greater trunk rotation were perceived as more exhaustive. Patients reported acceptable usability with the CMPTO, with scores higher than those of healthy subjects. The CMPTO's usability was comprehensively evaluated in both healthy subjects and patients with dystrophinopathy. Our findings indicate that the CMPTO can be safely used by individuals with dystrophinopathy as an assistive device to improve seated comfort and functional abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. On the P3-Coloring of Bipartite Graphs

Author

Zemiao Dai, Muhammad Naeem, Zainab Shafaqat, Manzoor Ahmad Zahid, and Shahid Qaisar

Subjects
graph coloring, chromatic number, P3-coloring, P3-chromatic number, bipartite graphs, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

The advancement in coloring schemes of graphs is expanding over time to solve emerging problems. Recently, a new form of coloring, namely P3-coloring, was introduced. A simple graph is called a P3-colorable graph if its vertices can be colored so that all the vertices in each P3 path of the graph have different colors; this is called the P3-coloring of the graph. The minimum number of colors required to form a P3-coloring of a graph is called the P3-chromatic number of the graph. The aim of this article is to determine the P3-chromatic number of different well-known classes of bipartite graphs such as complete bipartite graphs, tree graphs, grid graphs, and some special types of bipartite graphs. Moreover, we have also presented some algorithms to produce a P3-coloring of these classes with a minimum number of colors required.

Published
2023
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16. Low back pain in the Bangladeshi adult population: a cross-sectional national survey

Author

Syed Atiqul Haq, Shamim Ahmed, Ferdous Hakim, Muhammad Shoaib Momen Majumder, Iftekhar Hussain Bandhan, Mohammad Abdur Razzaque, Ahmad Zahid-Al-Quadir, Minhaj Rahim Choudhury, and MM Zaman

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objective Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder. This study aims to determine the residence-specific and sex-specific prevalence and the factors associated with LBP in Bangladesh.Methods The study subjects (aged ≥18 years) were identified from 20 primary sampling units of the national census following a cross-sectional multistage stratified sampling design. We considered the mechanical type of LBP for this study. A Bangla version of the modified Community Oriented Programme for Control of Rheumatic Disorders questionnaire was used. A team of trained field workers, rheumatology residents and rheumatologists collected the data. Analysis was done using weighted data.Results Two thousand subjects were approached, but 1843 could be screened. Among them, 561 had musculoskeletal disorders, and 343 were diagnosed with LBP. The weighted prevalence of LBP was 18.5% (95% CI: 11.8% to 25.2%) and age-standardised prevalence of LBP was 19.4% (95% CI: 14.0% to 24.8%), which was higher in women (27.2%, 19.3% to 35.1%) than men (14.0%, 8.7% to 19.3%). The prevalence persistently increased from age group 18–34 years (10.5%, 5.7 to 15.4) to ≥55 years (27.8%, 16.1% to 39.5%). People with no education had the highest prevalence (31.3%, 22.3% to 40.4%). The prevalence did not differ between urban and rural residential locations. Four factors were significantly associated with LBP: age (adjusted odds ratio: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.7 to 3.4), female sex (2.2, 1.5 to 3.3), absence of formal education (2.3, 1.6 to 3.3) and hypertension (1.7, 1.1 to 2.6).Conclusion LBP is a common problem in Bangladeshi adults. The factors identified are age, female sex, no formal education and hypertension. These should be addressed adequately to prevent and treat LBP.

Published
2022
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18. Banhatti, revan and hyper-indices of silicon carbide Si2C3-III[n,m]

Author

Zhao Dongming, Zahid Manzoor Ahmad, Irfan Rida, Arshad Misbah, Fahad Asfand, Ahmad Zahid, and Li Li

Subjects
banhatti, hyper banhatti, hyper revan indices, silicon carbide si2c3-iii[n, m], 05c05, 05c07, 05c35, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In recent years, several structure-based properties of the molecular graphs are understood through the chemical graph theory. The molecular graph GG of a molecule consists of vertices and edges, where vertices represent the atoms in a molecule and edges represent the chemical bonds between these atoms. A numerical quantity that gives information related to the topology of the molecular graphs is called a topological index. Several topological indices, contributing to chemical graph theory, have been defined and vastly studied. Recent inclusions in the class of the topological indices are the K-Banhatti indices. In this paper, we established the precise formulas for the first and second K-Banhatti, modified K-Banhatti, K-hyper Banhatti, and hyper Revan indices of silicon carbide Si2C3{{\rm{Si}}}_{2}{{\rm{C}}}_{3}-III[n,m]{\rm{III}}\left[n,m]. In addition, we present the graphical analysis along with the comparison of these indices for Si2C3{{\rm{Si}}}_{2}{{\rm{C}}}_{3}-III[n,m]{\rm{III}}\left[n,m].

Published
2021
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19. Gravitational Dust Collapse in $f(R)$ Gravity

Author

Shamir, M. Farasat, Ahmad, Zahid, and Raza, Zahid

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

This paper is devoted to investigate gravitational collapse of dust in metric $f(R)$ gravity. We take FRW metric for the interior region while the Schwarzchild spacetime is considered for the exterior region of a star. The junction conditions have been derived to match interior and exterior spacetimes. The assumption of constant scalar curvature is used to find a solution of field equations. Gravitational mass is found by using the junction conditions. It is concluded that the constant curvature term $f(R_0)$ plays the role of the cosmological constant involved in the field equations of general relativity., Comment: 17 Pages

Published
2015
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20. Collapsing Plane Symmetric Source with Heat Flux and Conformal Flatness

Author

Abbas, G., Ahmad, Zahid, and Shah, Hassan

Subjects
Physics - General Physics
Abstract

This paper deals with the study of collapsing plane symmetric source in the presence of heat flux. For this purpose, we have calculated the Einstein field equations as well as Weyl tensor components. The conditions for the conformal flatness have been determined. The interior source has been matched smoothly with the exterior geometry in single null coordinate. It has been found the pressure is balanced with the out going heat flux and the continuity of the masses in two regions has been noted. A simple new model of collapse has been proposed which satisfies flatness condition, also we have discussed the physical properties of the model. For our model, we have calculated the temperature profile by using the approximation scheme., Comment: 12 pages, no figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophys. Space Science

Published
2015
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21. Prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions and related disabilities in Bangladeshi adults: a cross-sectional national survey

Author

Ahmad Zahid-Al-Quadir, M. Mostafa Zaman, Shamim Ahmed, Mahfuzur Rahman Bhuiyan, Md Mujibur Rahman, Ismail Patwary, Bidhu Bhushan Das, Shaikh Amir Hossain, Sujat Paul, Abu Shahin, Moshiur Rahman, and Syed Atiqul Haq

Subjects
MSK conditions, Disability, Prevalence, Bangladesh, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Abstract Background Nationally representative data on burden of musculoskeletal conditions (MSK) in Bangladesh are not available. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSK conditions and related disabilities in the adult population of Bangladesh. Methods A total of 2000 individuals aged 18 years or older were targeted from 20 primary sampling units (urban and rural) of all former seven divisions of Bangladesh in 2015. Structured interviews were done using the modified Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Disorders questionnaire to detect positive respondents. Standard criteria were used for diagnosing MSK conditions by rheumatology residents. In case of uncertainty, opinion was taken from senior rheumatologists. A Bangla version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire was used to determine disability. Results A total of 1843 (92.1%) participated. Among them, 892 men and 951 women participated from rural (n = 716) and urban (n = 1127) areas. Their mean age was 40.5 (standard deviation 14.7) years. Almost a third did not have any formal schooling. Overall, 30.4% (95% confidence interval, 28.3–32.5) had MSK conditions. Low back pain (18.6%, 16.9–20.5), knee osteoarthritis (7.3%, 6.1–8.5) and soft tissue rheumatism 3.8% (2.9–4.7) were the three top-ranking MSK conditions. Rheumatoid arthritis (1.6%, 1.0–2.1), spondyloarthritis (1.2%, 7–1.8) and adhesive capsulitis (1.4%, 0.9–1.9) were relatively uncommon. Among those who had MSK conditions, 24.8% (21.3–28.6) had some degree of disability. Of them, 24.4% (21.0–28.1) had history of work loss during last 12 months. Conclusions The high burden of MSK conditions and related disabilities in Bangladesh warrants greater attention of the health system. Further studies are needed to estimate the impact of this group of conditions particularly addressing related disabilities and loss of work.

Published
2020
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22. Aktualisasi Komitmen Beragama Waria Kota Kediri

Author

Reza Ahmad Zahid

Subjects
religious commitment, self-actualization, trasngender women, Psychology, BF1-990, Industrial psychology, HF5548.7-5548.85
Abstract

The existence of transgender in social life still leaves many problems. Negative stigma and discrimination are already firmly attached to them. This problem certainly requires handling so that the negative mindset of transgender women does not only put to something horrible in nature. They also cannot be separated from their natural tendency as religious humans (homo-religious). This study seeks to reveal the religiosity side of transgender women and how they actualize their religious-selves. Because of this reason, the researcher uses the concept of Maslow as self-actualization, then Stark and Glock as religious commitment in the framework of qualitative-phenomenological research. In-depth interviews, observation, and documentation are techniques in extracting data, then analyzed inductively. The results of this study found that the fact, transgender religious behavior fulfills the five dimensions of religion as per the conceptual framework of Stark and Glock as religious commitment. Second, the self-actualization of transgender women in their religious-life also shows that they have an inner need through Nurul Iman jamiyyah. They follow recitation consistently where the senior transgender (adult) has moved to religious maturity that manifested in their daily life by the religious commitment and always follow jamiyyah, and encourage younger transgender women to keep trying to carry out religious-teachings.

Published
2020
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24. Peranan Mediator Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Harta Gono-Gini Akibat Kasus Perceraian

Author

Reza Ahmad Zahid and Ahmad Badi'

Subjects
peran mediator, harta gono-gini, perceraian, Islamic law, KBP1-4860
Abstract

Sebagai konsekuensi logis bahwa negara Indonesia sebagai negara yang berlandaskan hukum, maka seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat diatur oleh hukum termasuk mengenai perkawinan, perceraian dan kewarisan. Dengan lahirnya Undang-undang No.1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan, yang mulai berlaku efektif sejak tanggal 01 Oktober 1975 adalah merupakan salah satu bentuk unifikasi dan kodifikasi hukum di Indonesia tentang perkawinan beserta akibat hukumnya. Contohnya terkait perceraian, apabila terjadi perceraian tentu akan membawa akibat hukum sebagai konsekuensi dari perceraian tersebut, yaitu terhadap status suami dan istri, kedudukan anak maupun mengenai harta bersama yang diperoleh sepanjang perkawinan. Tulisan ini memfokuskan pada proses mediasi sengketa harta gono-gini di Pengadilan Agama khususnya Kabupaten Kediri, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uraian tentang peranan mediator dalam penyelesaian sengketa harta gono-gini di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Kediri. Penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti tergolong dalam jenis penelitian kualitatif karena data diambil dari pengamatan langsung di lapangan dan berupa kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang dan perilaku yang diamati yaitu proses mediasi dan peranan mediator dalam penyelesaian sengketa harta gono-gini. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam proses mediasi di Pengadilan Agama kabupaten Kediri melewati beberapa proses Pertama, sidang pra mediasi, Kedua, pelaksanaan mediasi, Ketiga, laporan mediasi, Keempat, sidang lanjutan laporan mediasi. Adapun peran mediator di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Kediri sendiri harus memenuhi beberapa persyaratan antara lain : Pertama, Keberadaan mediator disetujui oleh kedua belah pihak, Kedua, Tidak mempunyai hubungan keluarga sedarah atau semenda sampai dengan derajat kedua dengan salah satu pihak yang bersengketa, Ketiga, Tidak memiliki hubungan kerja dengan salah satu pihak yang bersengketa., Keempat, Tidak mempunyai kepentingan finansial atau kepentingan lain terhadap kesepakatan para pihak, Kelima, Tidak memilliki kepentingan terhadap proses perundingan maupun hasilnya. Secara keseluruhan peran mediator di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Kediri sangat dibutuhkan untuk mendamaikan kedua belah pihak yang bersengketa, mediator sendiri harus mempunyai skill dan teknik komunikasi supaya para pihak bisa diambil hatinya oleh mediator sendiri.

Published
2020
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25. High-Speed Collapse of a Hollow Sphere of Type I Matter

Author

Ahmad, Zahid, Harada, Tomohiro, Nakao, Ken-ichi, and Sharif, M.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In this paper, we study the dynamics of a hollow spherical matter collapsing with very large initial velocity. The spacetime is initially very similar to the Vaidya solution, and the deviations from this background are treated perturbatively. The equations of state for radial pressure $p_{\rm R}=k\rho$ and tangential one $p_{\rm T}=w\rho$ with constant $k$ and $w$ are assumed. We find for the case of equations of state $k< 1$ and $0

Published
2008
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26. Masafatul Qoshri Sebagai Alasan Penetapan Wali Hakim Dalam Pernikahan

Author

Muhammad Kharfi, Yustafad Yustafad, and Reza Ahmad Zahid

Subjects
wali hakim, masafatul qoshri, Islamic law, KBP1-4860
Abstract

Pernikahan dilaksanakan dengan sighat ijab dan qabul antara wali nikah dengan mempelai pria. Bagaimana jika wali mempelai putri tidak berada di tempat pernikahan (berada di tempat yang jauh/ masyafatul qoshri). Wali hakim merupakan alternatif bagi mempelai perempuan yang demikian itu. Persoalan masyafatul qoshri menjadi fenomena menarik di wilayah Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Kecamatan Kota Kota Kediri. Fokus penelitian ini 1) Bagaimana prosedur Pernikahan oleh Wali Hakim atas pertimbangan Masyafatul Qoshri di KUA Kecamatan Kota Kota Kediri? 2) Bagaimana pelaksanaan pernikahan oleh Wali Hakim atas pertimbangan Masyafatul Qoshri di KUA Kecamatan Kota Kota Kediri?. Hasil penelitiannya yaitu: 1) Prosedur perkawinan sebab masyafatul qoshri adalah Pemberitahuan kehendak nikah oleh calon mempelai dengan membawa surat-surat yang diperlukan, antara lain Surat keterangan yang menerangkan Wali Nasab calon mempelai perempuan berada di tempat yang jauh, sejauh masyafatul qoshri 2) Pelaksanaan pernikahan oleh wali hakim sebab masyafatul qoshri di KUA Kecamatan Kota Kota Kediri sama dengan pernikahan pada umumnya, hanya ditambah surat keterangan dari kepala desa tentang wali hakim.

Published
2019
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27. Islamic Thought and Internationalization of Human Rights

Author

Reza Ahmad Zahid

Subjects
Islam, BP1-253
Abstract

This article aims to answer how Islamic thought deals with issues of internationalization. Where in general religions agree that human rights are rights owned by each individual solely because of his dignity as a human being, not the construction of society regarding individual rights. While on the other hand, some experts state that human rights are normative elements that are inherent in human individuals because there are laws whose application differs according to space and time. Between Islam and human rights has a relationship that lies in the universality of Islamic teachings. the concept of human rights has been outlined in the basic principles of Islamic law originating from the texts of the Koran, the Sunnah of the Prophet and friends, as well as the construction of scholars' thoughts. Human rights should be understood and accepted as a universal human treasure whose normative and philosophical foundations can be traced and found in various systems of values ?and traditions. Such global ethics cannot be formulated without religious contributions.

Published
2019
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28. Plane Symmetric Gravitational Collapse

Author

Sharif, M. and Ahmad, Zahid

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In this paper, we derive the general formulation by considering two arbitrary plane symmetric spacetimes using Israel's method. As an example, we apply this formulation to known plane symmetric spacetimes. We take the Taub's static metric in the interior region whereas Kasner's non-static metric in the exterior region. It is shown that the plane collapses in some cases whereas it expands in some other cases., Comment: 10 pages, accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

Published
2007
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29. High-Speed Cylindrical Collapse of Two Perfect Fluids

Author

Sharif, M. and Ahmad, Zahid

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In this paper, the study of the gravitational collapse of cylindrically distributed two perfect fluid system has been carried out. It is assumed that the collapsing speeds of the two fluids are very large. We explore this condition by using the high-speed approximation scheme. There arise two cases, i.e., bounded and vanishing of the ratios of the pressures with densities of two fluids given by $c_s, d_s$. It is shown that the high-speed approximation scheme breaks down by non-zero pressures $p_1, p_2$ when $c_s, d_s$ are bounded below by some positive constants. The failure of the high-speed approximation scheme at some particular time of the gravitational collapse suggests the uncertainity on the evolution at and after this time. In the bounded case, the naked singularity formation seems to be impossible for the cylindrical two perfect fluids. For the vanishing case, if a linear equation of state is used, the high-speed collapse does not break down by the effects of the pressures and consequently a naked singularity forms. This work provides the generalisation of the results already given by Nakao and Morisawa [1] for the perfect fluid., Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Gen. Rel. Grav

Published
2007
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30. Study of Hardness of Superhard Crystals by Topological Indices

Author

Xiujun Zhang, Muhammad Naeem, Abdul Qudair Baig, and Manzoor Ahmad Zahid

Subjects
Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Topological indices give immense information about a molecular structure or chemical structure. The hardness of materials for the indentation can be defined microscopically as the total resistance and effect of chemical bonds in the respective materials. The aim of this paper is to study the hardness of some superhard BCx crystals by means of topological indices, specifically Randić index and atom-bond connectivity index.

Published
2021
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31. Gravitational Perfect Fluid Collapse With Cosmological Constant

Author

Sharif, M. and Ahmad, Zahid

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In this paper, the effect of a positive cosmological constant on spherically symmetric collapse with perfect fluid has been investigated. The matching conditions between static exterior and non-static interior spacetimes are given in the presence of a cosmological constant. We also study the apparent horizons and their physical significance. It is concluded that the cosmological constant slows down the collapse of matter and hence limit the size of the black hole. This analysis gives the generalization of the dust case to the perfect fluid. We recover the results of the dust case for $p=0$., Comment: LaTex 13 pages, accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett. A

Published
2006
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32. Clinical Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: JACC Scientific Expert Panel

Author

Sturm, Amy C., Knowles, Joshua W., Gidding, Samuel S., Ahmad, Zahid S., Ahmed, Catherine D., Ballantyne, Christie M., Baum, Seth J., Bourbon, Mafalda, Carrié, Alain, Cuchel, Marina, de Ferranti, Sarah D., Defesche, Joep C., Freiberger, Tomas, Hershberger, Ray E., Hovingh, G. Kees, Karayan, Lala, Kastelein, Johannes Jacob Pieter, Kindt, Iris, Lane, Stacey R., Leigh, Sarah E., Linton, MacRae F., Mata, Pedro, Neal, William A., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Santos, Raul D., Harada-Shiba, Mariko, Sijbrands, Eric J., Stitziel, Nathan O., Yamashita, Shizuya, Wilemon, Katherine A., Ledbetter, David H., and Rader, Daniel J.

Published
2018
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33. Micropropagation of Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) and Quantification of Parthenolide Content in Its Micropropagated and Conventionally Grown Plants

Author

Huda E. Mahood, Majeed Kadhem Abbas, and Nisar Ahmad Zahid

Subjects
feverfew, callus, shoot induction, rooting, parthenolide, micropropagation, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a well-known multi-functional plant with anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, antiangiogenic, and anticancer effects. The therapeutic value of this plant is due to its phytochemical constitutes, especially parthenolide. Tissue culture techniques have been applied to improve the bioactive components of many herbal plants. Hence, this study, was carried out to establish a protocol for micropropagation of the feverfew plant and to quantify parthenolide content in its micropropagated and conventionally grown plants. To establish an aseptic culture, different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were investigated for seed surface sterilization. Besides, the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the callus induction, shoot organogenesis from callus and in vitro rooting were evaluated. Additionally, the parthenolide yield of the micropropagated and conventionally grown plants was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that surface sterilization of feverfew seeds with 6% NaOCl for 15 min obtained 65.00 ± 2.69% aseptic seeds. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) and 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) resulted in 86.00 ± 1.72% callus induction. The highest number of shoots (5.00 ± 0.15) per explant was obtained in the treatment of MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/L zeatin. MS medium fortified with 3 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced the maximum number of roots per plantlet (8.90 ± 0.35). A total of 90% of the micropropagated plantlets survived when planted in perlite + peat moss (1:1 v/v); the micropropagated plantlets were successfully established in the ex vitro conditions. According to parthenolide analysis, its level was significantly higher in the micropropagated plants than conventionally grown plants. Among different solvents, ethanolic extraction obtained the highest parthenolide content of the feverfew plant. Hence, it can be concluded that micropropagation of feverfew could be applied to produce disease-free planting materials and to improve the parthenolide content of the feverfew plant.

Published
2022
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34. Pola Pertumbuhan dan Faktor Kondisi Ikan Selangat (Anodontostoma chacunda, Hamilton 1822) di Perairan Pantai Senggarang, Tanjungpinang

Author

Ahmad Zahid, T. Ersti Yulika Sari, and Almira Fardani Lahay

Abstract

Pola pertumbuhan ikan yang ditentukan melalui hubungan panjang-bobotnya merupakan suatu pendekatan yang banyak diterapkan dalam pengelolaan perikanan dan dapat digunakan dalam menentukan kondisi ikan. Hubungan panjang-bobot dan faktor kondisi ikan selangat dianalisis dari ikan contoh yang dikumpulkan dari nelayan pada Juni hingga Agustus 2022 di Pantai Senggarang, Tanjungpinang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan pola pertumbuhan dan faktor kondisi ikan selangat. Sebanyak 422 ekor ikan contoh diukur panjang baku (mm) dan ditimbang bobotnya (g). Hasil penelitian menunujukkan bahwa nilai b sebesar 3,04 yang mengindikasikan pola pertumbuhannya isometrik. Nilai faktor kondisi berkisar pada 0,84 hingga 1,04. Pola pertumbuhan dan faktor kondisi tidak konstan, bervariasi musiman, berkait dengan banyak faktor seperti siklus reproduksi, ketersediaan makanan, dan faktor lingkungan dan habitatnya.

Published
2022

35. Evaluation of a Chair-Mounted Passive Trunk Orthosis: A Pilot Study on Able-Bodied Subjects

Author

Ahmad Zahid Rao and Muhammad Abul Hasan

Subjects
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), electromyography (EMG), exertion, orthosis, stability, trunk, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Trunk stability is important for adequate arm function due to their kinematic linkage. People with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) can benefit from trunk-assistive devices for seated daily activities, but existing devices limit trunk movement to forward bending. We developed a new trunk orthosis that has spring and pulley design. This study evaluated orthosis performance with 40 able-bodied subjects under with and without orthosis condition in 20 seated tasks for trunk rotation, forward bending, and side bending movements. Subjects adopted static posture in specific trunk orientation while their muscle activity was recorded. They also rated the subjective scales of perceived exertion and usability. A percent change in muscle activity for each task, due to orthosis use, is reported. Significant muscle activity reductions up to 31% and 65% were observed in lumbar and thoracic erector spinae muscles, respectively. Using three-way ANOVA, we found these reductions to be specific to the task direction and the choice of upper limb that is used to perform the asymmetric tasks. A total of 70% participants reported acceptable usability and ~1-point increase in exertion was found for maximum voluntary reaching with the orthosis. The outcomes of this study are promising, though tested on able-bodied subjects. Hence, orthosis mounted on wheelchairs should be further evaluated on DMD patients.

Published
2021
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36. Contemporary Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the United States: Insights From the CASCADE FH Registry

Author

Cuchel, Marina, primary, Lee, Paul C., additional, Hudgins, Lisa C., additional, Duell, P. Barton, additional, Ahmad, Zahid, additional, Baum, Seth J., additional, Linton, MacRae F., additional, de Ferranti, Sarah D., additional, Ballantyne, Christie M., additional, Larry, John A., additional, Hemphill, Linda C., additional, Kindt, Iris, additional, Gidding, Samuel S., additional, Martin, Seth S., additional, Moriarty, Patrick M., additional, Thompson, Paul P., additional, Underberg, James A., additional, Guyton, John R., additional, Andersen, Rolf L., additional, Whellan, David J., additional, Benuck, Irwin, additional, Kane, John P., additional, Myers, Kelly, additional, Howard, William, additional, Staszak, David, additional, Jamison, Allison, additional, Card, Mary C., additional, Bourbon, Mafalda, additional, Chora, Joana R., additional, Rader, Daniel J., additional, Knowles, Joshua W., additional, Wilemon, Katherine, additional, and McGowan, Mary P., additional

Published
2023
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39. Pengenalan Biota Laut Dilindungi melalui e-Book 'Dugong & Friends' dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Masyarakat terhadap Kelestarian Sumber Daya Perikanan

Author

Wahyu Muzammil, Tri Apriadi, Winny Retna Melani, Yulia Oktavia, Aminatul Zahra, Asep Ma'mun, Ahmad Zahid, and Andi Zulfikar

Abstract

Provinsi Kepulauan Riau memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang tinggi khususnya sumber daya perairan. Sumber daya perairan di Kepulauan Riau menjadi salah satu habitat bagi banyak biota laut dilindungi. Namun, dengan meningkatnya aktivitas dan kebutuhan manusia menyebabkan tekanan terhadap sumber daya perairan yang akan berdampak pada biota laut khususnya yang dilindungi oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Upaya konservasi perlu dilakukan yang meliputi aspek pelestarian, perlindungan, dan pemanfaatan. Cara preventif lain yang dapat dilakukan adalah pemberian edukasi kepada masyarakat khususnya anak-anak sekolah menengah atas. Mengingat pendidikan terkait kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati laut khususnya biota laut yang dilindungi penting untuk dipelajari sedini mungkin, maka siswa-siswi sekolah menjadi sasaran yang tepat untuk dilakukan sosialisasi mengenai biota-biota laut yang dilindungi agar terwujudnya rasa peduli, kemauan, serta penambahan ilmu pengetahuan untuk tetap menjaga keanekaragaman hayati laut. Kegiatan pengenalan biota laut dilindungi diharapkan meningkatkan rasa peduli, kemauan, serta wawasan dalam menjaga sumber daya biota laut dilindungi di Kepulauan Riau tetap lestari. Pengenalan biota laut dilindungi di Kepulauan Riau dengan peserta siswa kelas XI SMAN 6 Tanjungpinang. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu pre-test pengetahuan tentang biota laut dilindungi di Kepulauan Riau melalui media quizizz, edukasi biota laut dilindungi apa saja yang ada di Kepulauan Riau melalui media e-book yang berisi gambar, keterangan, dan statusnya, serta diakhiri dengan post-test melalui soal yang sama dengan pre-test menggunakan media quizizz untuk mengukur sejauh mana peningkatan pengenalan, pengetahuan, dan pemahaman siswa terkait biota laut dilindungi di Kepulauan Riau. Tingkat pengenalan, pengetahuan, dan pemahaman siswa meningkat dari rentang sangat kurang sampai sedang menjadi rentang sedang sampai sangat tinggi. Media ajar dalam bentuk e-book sangat efektif untuk mengenalkan biota laut dilindungi di Kepulauan Riau, sesuai dengan target stakeholder sasaran yang masih dalam pendidikan sekolah menengah atas.

Published
2022

40. Growth pattern and condition factor of the common silver-biddy Gerres oyena (Forsskål, 1775) juveniles from seagrass ecosystem of Karang Congkak Island, Kepulauan Seribu

Author

Ahmad Zahid, Nabela Fikriyya, Endang Hilmi, Noviana Noviana, M. Faris Nazal, Charles P.H Simanjuntak, and Adinda Kurnia Putri

Abstract

A seagrass bed of Karang Congkak Island has been known as the nursery habitat for many marine fishes. The common silver-biddy (Gerres oyena) is one of the temporary resident fishes that inhabits seagrass beds of Karang Congkak Island before they migrate to their adult habitat to join the adult population. The aims of this research are to analyze the growth pattern, condition factor and food preferences of the common silver-biddy while they utilized the seagrass beds of Karang Congkak Island as their nursery ground. Sampling was conducted from March 2018 to March 2019 with 10 times frequency of sampling in total. Sample was towed using a beach seine net with 10x1 m in dimension and 3 mm mesh size. Parameters that were analyzed in this research were a length-weight relationship, condition factor, and food preferences. A total of 2762 juveniles of the common silver-biddy were collected and were classified into 10 length classes. The results showed that in general, the growth pattern of the common silver-biddy was positive allometric (b>3), although some months were isometric (b=3). The overall condition factor ranged from 0.87 – 2,05 and it fluctuated throughout the months. The diet which has the main role in determining the fish growth of the common silver-biddy was dominated by the group of copepods. The positive allometric growth pattern of the common silver-biddy and the high value of condition factor describe that seagrass ecosystem of Karang Congkak Island is a suitable nursery ground for the juveniles of the common silver-biddy. Abstrak Ekosistem lamun Pulau Karang Congkak merupakan habitat pengasuhan yuwana berbagai spesies ikan laut. Ikan kapas-kapas (Gerres oyena) merupakan salah satu ikan penghuni sementara lamun Pulau Karang Congkak sebelum akhirnya beruaya ke habitat induknya untuk bergabung dengan populasi ikan dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola pertumbuhan dan faktor kondisi yuwana ikan kapas-kapas selama menghuni perairan ekosistem lamun Pulau Karang Congkak. Penelitian dilakukan dari Maret 2018 sampai Maret 2019 dengan total frekuensi pengambilan sampel selama 10 bulan. Contoh ikan diambil dengan menarik pukat tarik pantai berdimensi 10 m x1 m dan mata jaring 3 mm. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah hubungan panjang-bobot ikan, faktor kondisi, dan preferensi makanan ikan. Selama penelitian terkumpul sebanyak 2765 yuwana ikan yang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 10 kelompok kelas ukuran panjang. Pola pertumbuhan panjang ikan kapas-kapassecara keseluruhan bertipe alometrik positif (b > 3), namun pada beberapa bulan tertentu ditemukan pola pertumbuhan isometrik (b=3). Faktor kondisi selama penelitian berkisar antara 0,87-2,05 dan berfluktuasi setiap bulan. Makanan ikan yang merupakan faktor penentu pertumbuhan ikan kapas-kapas didominasi oleh kelompok kopepoda. Pola pertumbuhan ikan kapas-kapas yang alometrik positif dengan faktor kondisi yang tinggi memberikan gambaran bahwa padang lamun Pulau Karang Congkak merupakan daerah asuhan yang baik bagi yuwana ikan kapas-kapas.

Published
2022

41. Neoadjuvant intratumoral influenza vaccine treatment in patients with proficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer leads to increased tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and upregulation of PD-L1: a phase 1/2 clinical trial

Author

Mikail Gögenur, Lukas Balsevicius, Mustafa Bulut, Nesibe Colak, Tobias Freyberg Justesen, Anne-Marie Kanstrup Fiehn, Marianne Bøgevang Jensen, Kathrine Høst-Rasmussen, Britt Cappelen, Shruti Gaggar, Asma Tajik, Jawad Ahmad Zahid, Astrid Louise Bjørn Bennedsen, Tommaso Del Buono D’Ondes, Hans Raskov, Susanne Gjørup Sækmose, Lasse Bremholm Hansen, Ali Salanti, Susanne Brix, and Ismail Gögenur

Subjects
Pharmacology, Cancer Research, Oncology, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Immunology, Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

BackgroundIn colorectal cancer, the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors are mostly limited to patients with deficient mismatch repair tumors, characterized by a high grade infiltration of CD8+T cells. Interventions aimed at increasing intratumoral CD8+T-cell infiltration in proficient mismatch repair tumors are lacking.MethodsWe conducted a proof of concept phase 1/2 clinical trial, where patients with non-metastasizing sigmoid or rectal cancer, scheduled for curative intended surgery, were treated with an endoscopic intratumorally administered neoadjuvant influenza vaccine. Blood and tumor samples were collected before the injection and at the time of surgery. The primary outcome was safety of the intervention. Evaluation of pathological tumor regression grade, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry of blood, tissue bulk transcriptional analyses, and spatial protein profiling of tumor regions were all secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 10 patients were included in the trial. Median patient age was 70 years (range 54–78), with 30% women. All patients had proficient mismatch repair Union of International Cancer Control stage I–III tumors. No endoscopic safety events occurred, with all patients undergoing curative surgery as scheduled (median 9 days after intervention). Increased CD8+T-cell tumor infiltration was evident after vaccination (median 73 vs 315 cells/mm2, pConclusionsNeoadjuvant intratumoral influenza vaccine treatment in this cohort was demonstrated to be safe and feasible, and to induce CD8+T-cell infiltration and upregulation of PD-L1 proficient mismatch repair sigmoid and rectal tumors. Definitive conclusions regarding safety and efficacy can only be made in larger cohorts.Trial registration numberNCT04591379.

Published
2023

42. Micropropagation of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) ‘Bentong’ and Evaluation of Its Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activities Compared with the Conventionally Propagated Plant

Author

Nisar Ahmad Zahid, Hawa Z. E. Jaafar, and Mansor Hakiman

Subjects
Zingiber officinale Roscoe, micropropagation, surface sterilization, multiplication, rooting, phenolic acid, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

‘Bentong’ ginger is the most popular variety of Zingiber officinale in Malaysia. It is vegetatively propagated and requires a high proportion of rhizomes as starting planting materials. Besides, ginger vegetative propagation using its rhizomes is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied in many plant species to produce their disease-free planting materials. As ‘Bentong’ ginger is less known for its micropropagation, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Clorox (5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)) on explant surface sterilization, effects of plant growth regulators, and basal media on shoots’ multiplication and rooting. The secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of the micropropagated plants were evaluated in comparison with conventionally propagated plants. Rhizome sprouted buds were effectively sterilized in 70% Clorox for 30 min by obtaining 75% contamination-free explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with 10 µM of zeatin was the suitable medium for shoot multiplication, which resulted in the highest number of shoots per explant (4.28). MS medium supplemented with 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) resulted in the highest number of roots per plantlet. The in vitro-rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized with a 95% survival rate in the ex vitro conditions. The phytochemical analysis showed that total phenolic acid and total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of the micropropagated plants were not significantly different from the conventionally propagated plants of ‘Bentong’ ginger. In conclusion, the present study’s outcome can be adopted for large-scale propagation of disease-free planting materials of ‘Bentong’ ginger.

Published
2021
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43. Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Author

Nisar Ahmad Zahid, Hawa Z.E. Jaafar, and Mansor Hakiman

Subjects
Zingiber officinale Rosc. var Bentong, microrhizome, sucrose, cytokinin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, Agriculture
Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost. Simultaneously, the rhizomes’ availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand, Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose concentration (>45 g L−1). In addition, zeatin at 5–10 µM was found more effective for microrhizome induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose’s required dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose, 10 µM zeatin and 7.5 µM NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong ginger.

Published
2021
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46. Some analytic models of plane symmetric radiating collapse

Author

Abbas, G., Shah, Hassan, and Ahmad, Zahid

Subjects
Gravitational collapse -- Models, Einstein field equations -- Research, Physics research, Physics
Abstract

This paper deals with the analytical solutions of the field equations in the presence of radiating plane symmetric source. For this purpose we have solved the field equations as well as junction conditions by imposing the conformal flatness conditions. The effective adiabatic index (that determines the stability of the system) has been calculated for the present radiating source. It has been found that effective adiabatic index remains invariant throughout the matter distribution. To study the thermal behavior of the source, we have discussed the thermal profile of the source and found that in the absence of dissipation from the system the temperature of the system remains constant. Key words: gravitational collapse, matching conditions, radiating source. Nous sommes interesses ici par les solutions analytiques des equations de champ en presence d'une source radiative symetrique plane. A cette fin, nous solutionnons les equations de champ aussi bien que les conditions de jonction en imposant les conditions de platitude conforme. Nous calculons l'indice adiabatique effectif (qui determine la stabilite du systeme) pour l'actuelle source. Nous trouvons que l'indice adiabatique effectif demeure invariant a travers toute la distribution de matiere. Afin d'etudier le comportement thermique de la source, nous analysons son profil thermique et trouvons qu'en absence de dissipation causee par le systeme, la temperature demeure constante. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: effondrement gravitationnel, conditions d'appariement, source radiative., 1. Introduction In the context of modern astronomy the gravitational collapse is the destruction of a massive star (which have much larger mass than the solar mass) under the effects [...]

Published
2017
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47. Komposisi Makanan dan Strategi Makan Ikan Famili Gobiidae di Teluk Pabean, Indramayu

Author

Aldi Chandra Khoncara, Sulistiono, Charles Parningotan Haratua Simanjuntak, Muhammad Fadjar Rahardjo, and Ahmad Zahid

Subjects
crustacivore, feeding strategy, phytobenthic feeder, trophic ecology, Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

The objectives of this study were to identify and evaluate diet composition and feeding strategy of Gobiid fishes in Pabean Bay, Indramayu. Fishes were collected monthly using gill nets, shrimp nets and fixed trap nets from April 2016-March 2017. Diet composition and feeding strategy were analyzed by IRI (Index of Relative Importance) and modification of the graphical Costello method, respectively. Nine species of Gobiidae were captured during the study period, namely Acentrogobius caninus (with total body length range 46-115 mm), Acentrogobius cyanomos (49-108 mm), Boleophthalmus boddarti (95-189 mm), Glossogobius aureus (70-210 mm), Oxyurichthys tentacularis (88-130 mm), Parapocryptes serperaster (112-198 mm), Paratrypauchen microcephalus (100-150 mm), Pseudapocryptes elongatus (88-190 mm), and Taenioides cirratus (160 mm). According to the diet analysis, A. caninus, A. cyanomos, and G. aureus were grouped into crustacivore, while the B. boddarti, P. serperaster, P. microcephalus, and P. elongatus were categorized as phytobenthic feeder. A. caninus, G. aureus, and A. cyanomos exhibited a specialist feeding strategy with the main food was Metapenaeus sp., Metapenaeus sp. and Acetes sp., respectively. B. boddarti, P. serperaster, P. microcephalus, P. elongates displayed a generalized feeding strategy. This research showed that Gobiid fishes occupy different trophic levels and play an important ecological role in Pabean Bay.

Published
2018
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48. Ekologi Trofik Komunitas Ikan di Perairan Segara Menyan, Subang, Jawa Barat (Trophic Ecology of the Fish Community in Segara Menyan Coastal Lagoon, Subang, West Java)

Author

Ahmad Zahid, M.F. Rahardjo, Lenny S Syafei, and Rini Susilowati

Subjects
Oceanography, GC1-1581, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Pengetahuan mengenai ekologi trofik merupakan dasar dalam memahami ekosistem secara keseluruhan yang dapat dijelaskan melalui pola hubungan trofik interspesies ataupun interserikat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menjelaskan ekologi trofik meliputi indeks trofik dan jenis makanan dominan, serikat dan tingkat trofik, dan variasi spasial dan temporal komunitas ikan di estuari Segara Menyan. Pengambilan ikan contoh dilakukan setiap bulan pada zona berbeda. Ikan contoh dipisahkan berdasarkan waktu dan lokasi pengamatan, dianalisis isi saluran pencernaannya. Analisa data meliputi indeks vakuitas, jumlah total organisme makanan, jenis makanan dominan, luas relung makanan, dan tingkat trofik. Pada pengamatan 106 spesies ikan, sebanyak 1-380 saluran pencernaan ikan diamati. Sebanyak lima dari 106 spesies memiliki nilai indeks vakuitas “0” dan jumlah makanan yang dikonsumsi bervariasi mulai dari empat hingga 27 jenis makanan. Secara umum, luas relung ikan adalah rendah berkisar 0,20-0,78 dan kebanyakan berada pada kisaran 0,20-0,48. Zooplankton merupakan jenis makanan paling dominan dikonsumsi oleh ikan. Komunitas ikan dikelompokkan dalam tujuh serikat trofik, yaitu detritivora, fitoplanktivora, zooplanktivora, zoobentivora, moluskivora, krustasivora, dan pisivora. Tingkat trofik komunitas ikan berkisar 2,05-4,73. Faktor perubahan ontogenetik, persediaan makanan, karakteristik habitat, dan ruaya beberapa spesies ikan memengaruhi variasi spasio-temporal jejaring makanan di Segara Menyan. Kata kunci: interaksi trofik, laguna, ikan, variasi spasio-temporal, serikat trofik Knowledge of trophic ecology is one way to understanding the whole ecosystem which explained by trophic relationship pattern (interspecies or interguild). The objective research was described of the trophic ecology, i.e. trophic index and dominant prey, trophic guild and trophic level, and spatio-temporal variation of fish community in Segara Menyan coastal lagoon. Fish were collected monthly for one year at three zones. Fish samples were placed in separate labelled plastic bags according to the time scale and location sampling, then gut contents were analyzed. The data of vacuity index, number of prey, prey dominant, diet breadth, and trophic level were analyzed. For each of 106 fish species, between 1 and 380 stomachs, were examined. The vacuity index was also different among species. Five of 106 species had a vacuity index of “0” and total number of food items consumed varied between fish species, ranging from three items to 27 items. The overall diet breadth (Bi) was relatively low among species, ranging from 0.20 to 0.78, with most of them between 0.20 and 0.48. Calanoid copepods comprised the most common food item consumed by all the fishes examined. Fishes occurring can be broadly categorized into seven different trophic guilds. The trophic level of fish communities ranged from 2.05 to 4.73. Spatio-temporal variation of food web was influenced of ontogenetic shift, food availability, habitat characteristic, and migration of some species in Segara Menyan coastal lagoon. Keywords: trophic interaction, lagoon, fishes, spatio-temporal variation, trophic guild

Published
2015
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49. Abstract 19888: Improved Longitudinal Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goal Achievement Among Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patients in the CASCADE FH Patient Registry

Author

Duell, P. Barton, Andersen, Rolf L, Knickelbine, Thomas, Anderson, Lars, Gianos, Eugenia, O’Brien, Emily C, Kindt, Iris, Shrader, Peter, McCann, Dervilla, Baum, Seth, Hemphill, Linda C, Ahmed, Catherine D, Martin, Seth S, Watson, Karol E, Kullo, Iftikhar J, Larry, John A, Murray, Michael, Fishberg, Robert, Guyton, John, Wilemon, Katherine, Roe, Matthew T, Rader, Daniel J, Ballantyne, Christie M, Underberg, James A, Thompson, Paul, Ahmad, Zahid S, Whellan, David, Linton, MacRae F, Moriarty, Patrick M, Shapiro, Michael D, and Knowles, Joshua W

Published
2017

50. Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

Author

Dmitri Nepogodiev, Joana Ff Simoes, Elizabeth Li, Maria Picciochi, James C Glasbey, Glauco Baiocchi, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Daoud Chaudhry, Ehab AlAmeer, Kariem El-Boghdadly, Funmilola Wuraola, Dhruva Ghosh, Rohan R Gujjuri, Ewen M Harrison, Herman Lule, Haytham Kaafarani, Mohammad Khosravi, Irmgard Kronberger, Sezai Leventoğlu, Harvinder Mann, Kenneth A Mclean, Mengistu Gebreyohanes Mengesha, Maria Marta Modolo, Faustin Ntirenganya, Lisa Norman, Oumaima Outani, Riinu Pius, Peter Pockney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, April Camilla Roslani, Sohei Satoi, Catherine Shaw, Aneel Bhangu, Omar M Omar, Waheed-Ul-Rahman Ahmed, Leah Argus, Alasdair Ball, Edward P Bywater, Amanpreet Brar, Brett E Dawson, Irani Duran, Muhammed Elhadi, Conor S Jones, Sivesh K Kamarajah, James M Keatley, Samuel Lawday, Ella J Marson, Riinu Ots, Irène Santos, Elliott H Taylor, Isobel M Trout, Chris Varghese, Mary L Venn, William Xu, Irida Dajti, Arben Gjata, Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi, Luis Boccalatte, Daniel Cox, Philip Townend, Felix Aigner, Irmgard Elisabeth Kronberger, Elgun Samadov, Amer Alderazi, Kamral Hossain, Greg Padmore, Gabrielle van Ramshorst, Ismaïl Lawani, Anis Cerovac, Samir Delibegovic, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Igor Lima Buarque, Muhammad Gohar, Mihail Slavchev, Chukwuemeka Nwegbu, Arnav Agarwal, Janet Martin, Joshua Ng-Kamstra, Maricarmen Olivos, Wenhui Lou, Dong-Lin Ren, Jose Andres Calvache, Carlos J Perez Rivera, Ana Danic Hadzibegovic, Tomislav Kopjar, Jakov Mihanovic, Pablo Mijahil Avilés Jiménez, Nikolaos Gouvas, Jaroslav Klat, René Novysedlák, Nicolas Amisi, Peter Christensen, Alaa El-Hussuna, Sylvia Batista, Eddy Lincango-Naranjo, Sameh Emile, Danilo Alfonso Arévalo Sandoval, Hailu Dhufera, Samuel Hailu, Mengistu G Mengesha, Joonas H Kauppila, Alexis P Arnaud, Zaza Demetrashvili, Markus Albertsmeier, Hans Lederhuber, Markus W Löffler, Daniel Kwesi Acquah, Bernard Ofori, Stephen Tabiri, Symeon Metallidis, Georgios Tsoulfas, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Tamás Mersich, Dániel Wettstein, Gabriele Kembuan, Peiman Brouki Milan, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Masoud Mozafari, Ahmed Hilmi, Helen Mohan, Oded Zmora, Gaetano Gallo, Francesco Pata, Gianluca Pellino, Yuki Fujimoto, Naoto Kuroda, Mohamad K Abou Chaar, Faris Ayasra, Ildar Fakhradiyev, Intisar Hisham Said Hamdun, Jang Jin-Young, Mohammad Jamal, Lina Karout, Aiste Gulla, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Luc Hervé Samison, Iran Irani Durán Sánchez, Diana Samantha Gonzalez, Laura Martinez, María José Martínez, Alejandra Nayen, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Jade Nunez, Pueya Rashid Nashidengo, Rakesh Shah, Ashish Lal Shrestha, Pascal Jonker, Schelto Kruijff, Milou Noltes, Pieter Steinkamp, Deborah Wright, Lukman Abdur-Rahman, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Babatunde Osinaike, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Omolara Williams, Emmanuel Williams, Sofija Pejkova, Zainab Al Balushi, Raza Sayyed, Mustafa Abo Mohsen, Sadi A Abukhalaf, Moises Cukier, Hugo Gomez-Fernandez, Sebastian Shu Yip, Ximena Paola Vasquez Ojeda, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Piotr Major, José Azevedo, Miguel F Cunha, Ahmad Zarour, Eduard-Alexandru Bonci, Ionut Negoi, Sergey Efetov, Viktor Kochetkov, Andrey Litvin, Jc Allen Ingabire, Georges Bucyibaruta, Ntirenganya Faustin, Sosthene Habumuremyi, Alphonsine Imanishimwe, Haragirimana Jean de Dieu, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Isaie Ncogoza, Ehab Alameer, Abdourahmane Ndong, Dejan Radenkovic, Min Hoe Chew, Frederick Koh, James Ngu, Arpád Panyko, Uros Bele, Jurij Aleš Košir, Hassan Daoud, Ana Maria Minaya Bravo, Umesh Jayarajah, Dakshitha Wickramasinghe, Mohammed Elmujtba Adam Essa Adam, Martin Rutegård, Malin Sund, Michel Adamina, Eleftherios Gialamas, Karoline Horisberger, Muhammad Alshaar, Abel Huang, Varut Lohsiriwat, Shane Charles, Haithem Jlassi, Arda Isik, Hervé Monka Lekuya, Slava Kopetskyi, Hayder Alsaadi, Sattar Alshryda, Osaid Alser, Brittany Bankhead-Kendall, Kerry Breen, Hassan Mashbari, Fernando Bonilla Cal, Hamza Al-Naggar, Mayaba Maimbo, Dennis Mazingi, Tom Abbott, Melika Akhbari, Ruth Benson, Shivam Bhanderi, Bruce Biccard, Edward Caruana, Sohini Chakrabortee, Reema Chapatwala, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Andreas K Demetriades, Anant Desai, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas Drake, John Edwards, Jonathan Evans, Marco Fiore, Samuel Ford, Christina Fotopoulou, Alexander Fowler, Kaori Futaba, Ian Ganly, Harelimana Grace James, Ewen Griffiths, Alessandro Gronchi, Peter Hutchinson, Gabriella Yael Hyman, Joseph Incorvia, Ritu Jain, Michael Jenkinson, Tabassum Khan, Stephen Richard Knight, Angelos Kolias, Søren Kudsk-Iversen, Tsun Yu Kwan, Elaine Leung, Julio Mayol, Siobhan McKay, John G Meara, Emily Mills, Susan Moug, Akshay Patel, Roberto Perinotti, Henry E Rice, Keith Roberts, Andrew Schache, Richard Shaw, Neil Smart, Matthew Stephens, Grant D Stewart, Ella Teasdale, Peter Vaughan-Shaw, Raghavan Vidya, Naomi Wright, Natalie Zimmelman, Ervis Agastra, Dariel Thereska, Sergio Martin Lucchini, Veronica Laudani, Carina Chwat, Ivana Ines Pedraza Salazar, Diana Alejandra Pantoja Pachajoa, Agustin Duro, José Alfredo Calderón Arancibia, Giuliana D'Aulerio, Nagendra Dudi-Venkata, Natasha Egoroff, Shebani Farik, Natalie Lott, Jana-Lee Moss, Sarah Rennie, Lorwai Tan, Uyen Giao Vo, David Watson, David Watters, Tim Bright, Paul Hollington, Xuanyu Zhou, Hidde M Kroon, Anthony Farfus, John Barker, Eleanor Watson, Sean Stevens, Haider Latif, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Alwin Chuan, Vijayaragavan Muralidharan, Enoch Wong, Travis Ackermann, Maurizio Pacilli, Russell Hodgson, Alexander Heriot, Peter Choong, Wendy Brown, Surjit Lidder, Justin Yeung, Luke Traeger, Guillermo Regalo, Ralph Gourlay, Sarit Badiani, Cherry Koh, Soni Putnis, Fayza Haider, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Niels Komen, Bert Dhondt, Serge Cappeliez, Manon Pigeolet, Martijn Schoneveld, Jasper Stijns, Wouter Oosterlinck, Nicolas Flamey, Cyrille Kpangon, Mouhamed Agbadebo, S Mèvo Romaric Tobome, Aldo Vieira Barros, Samuel Aguiar Júnior, Heloisa Galvão do Amaral Campos, Jefferson Gross, Felipe José Fernandez Coimbra, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Fabiana Makdissi, Suely Nakagawa, Joao Pedreira Duprat Neto, Jose Guilherme Vartanian, Guilherme Yazbek, Stenio C Zequi, Ronald Flumignan, Natalia Jaworska, Angela Dell, Harsha Shanthanna, Abdollah Behzadi, Carolyn Nessim, Michelle Mozel, Pascal St-Germain, Crispin Russell, Gary Groot, Najib Safieddine, Duminda Wijeysundera, Antoine Eskander, Sami Chadi, Shawn MacKenzie, Alana Flexman, Fernando Heredia, Julio Villanueva, Sofia Waissbluth, Roberto Macchiavello, Mario I Escudero, Tyare Fuentes, Ximena Mimica, Dinimo Bolivar Saenz, Lina Caicedo, Juan Pablo Alzate, Joaquin Luna, Nestor Fabian Pedraza Alonso, Camilo Ortiz Silva, Juliana Rodriguez, Liliana Silva-Igua, Martha Luz Torres, Lina María Trujillo, Albaro José Nieto Calvache, Julián Balanta-Melo, Rafael Figueroa-Casanova, Oscar-Julián García-Montoya, Carlos Andres Marulanda Toro, Marcela Velez Botero, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Eneida Diaz Martinez, Valentina Gutiérrez Perdomo, Emileth Montenegro, Julia Rodriguez-Abreu, Dolores Mejía, Galal Abouelnagah, Sameh Shehata, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Ramy A Hassan, Mahmoud M Saad, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Badr Mostafa, Mohamed Qassem, Mohamed Fahmy, Hesham Abozied, Ahmed Y Azzam, Sherief Ghozy, Asser Sallam, Ahmed Shehta, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Rehab Samaka, Amr Morsy, Ahmed Elshawadfy Sherif, Abraham Negussie, Tigist Fisseha, Kibruyisfaw Shumbash, Metasebia Abebe, Seid Mohammed Yasin, Yemisirach Bizuneh Akililu, Abebe Megersa, Teshome Tefera, Melatework Assefa, Bahru Atnafu, Bereket Tsegaye, Yoseph Solomon Bezabih, Silamlak Sisay, Kebebe Bekele, Moa Jira, Habtamu Derilo, Eyueal Degefa, Anteneh Tadesse, Melkamu Nidaw, Elise Sarjanoja, Sylvie Testelin, Sophie Boucher, Lionel Jouffret, Zaher Lakkis, Alban Zarzavadjian Le Bian, Luke Harper, Marc Danguy des Déserts, Benoît André, Karem Slim, Romain Verhaeghe, Andrea Police, Edouard Girard, Alexandre Chebaro, Armande Subayi Nkembi, Laurent Arnalsteen, Quentin Ballouhey, Diane Mege, Clement Jeandel, Emilie Duchalais, Pierre-Alban Bouche, Gilles Manceau, Célia Crétolle, Erik Hervieux, Noémie Girard, Agathe Seguin-Givelet, Sebastien Gaujoux, Belinda De Simone, Matthieu Boisson, Damien Bergeat, Fabien Fredon, Francesco Nappi, Radwan Kassir, Aurélien Scalabre, Federico Migliorelli, Anne-Cecile Ezanno, Barbara Seeliger, Charlotte Vaysse, Helene Charbonneau, Vincent Misrai, Olivier Abbo, Martina Aida Angeles, Laurent Brunaud, Ali Modabber, Sebastian Wolf, Carsten Kamphues, Philipp Höhn, Tim R Glowka, Alexander Christopher Rokohl, Ulrich Bork, Georg Fluegen, Raymund E Horch, Andrea Schmedding, Andreas Schnitzbauer, Helge Eberbach, Daniel Schlager, Fritz Spelsberg, Lena Keppler, Andreas Hecker, Susanne Wolfer, Ulrich Ronellenfitsch, Christine Nitschke, Christian Peiper, Ibrahim Hakami, Stefan Welter, Karine Nikolaieva, Andreas Roth, Judith Lindert, Konstantinos Gousias, Anke Rissmann, Valerie Catherine Linz, Nuh Rahbari, Marie-Claire Rassweiler-Seyfried, Anna Eleonora Gut, Jens Gempt, Daniel Reim, Arthur Wagner, Alexander M Keppler, Mircea Gabriel Stoleriu, Tim Saier, Josef Stadler, Julia Christina Kaiser, Stefan M Brunner, Karin Pfister, Jonas Herzberg, Kai Nowak, Tobias Reinhard, Gregor A Stavrou, Alfred Königsrainer, Christian Konrads, Markus Quante, Simon Laban, Silke von Pusch, Markus Hirschburger, Johannes Doerner, Armin Wiegering, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Alitza Gutiérrez Ruiz, Alejandra Rodas, Ana Lucía Portilla, Jacqueline Carrera, Amalia Barrios Duarte, Megan Lowey, Sabrina Barillas, Atul Suroy, Dhaivat Vaishnav, Raghunandan Gorantlu Chowdappa, Irappa Madabhavi, Dhananjaya Bhat, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, Sumit Thakar, Kavitha Jain, Aruna Kumar, Manoj Nagar, Tushar Mishra, Arunkumar Sekar, Anand Gupta, Lileswar Kaman, Madhivanan Karthigeyan, Manjul Tripathi, Ashwin Rammohan, Sudheer Othiyil Vayoth, Anupama Rajanbabu, Anbukkani Subbian, Rahul Gupta, Monish Raut, Nissi Evelyn, R Lavanya Kannaiyan, Anil Matai, Sanjeev Misra, Vishal Bhende, Sathish Muthu, Indranil Ghosh, Abhishek Sharma, Ankur Bajaj, Shiv Rajan, Gaurav Agarwal, Pranay Pawar, Philip Alexander, M Vijayakumar Vijayakumar, Zeeshan Hameed, L Badareesh, Navneet Kumar Chaudhry, Lipika Baliarsing, Satish Dharap, Amruta Kulkarni, Yuvaraja Thyavihally, Rahul Deo Sharma, C S Pramesh, Rajesh Soni, Surya Kumar Dube, Shilpa Sharma, Harvinder Singh, Lovenish Bains, Rahul Ghodke, Ashwani Kumar, Vivek Sodhai, Suvendu Maji, Somprakas Basu, Chandrashekhar Mahakalkar, Ravi Kannan, Asif Mehraj, N Ranganath, Ashish Phadnis, I Yadev, Alfie Kavalakat, Rohin Mittal, Karthik Chandra Vallam, Hamed Akhavizadegan, Esmaeil Rezghi Maleki, Naser Yousefzadeh Kandevani, Hilary Ikele, Catherine McNestry, Christina Fleming, Stephen O'Brien, Sami Abd Elwahab, Niall Davis, Mohsen Javadpour, Brendan McDonnell, Clare O Connor, Jarlath Bolger, Cillian Clancy, Stefanie M Croghan, Noel Donlon, Carolyn Cullinane, Ben Creavin, Muheilan Muheilan, Helen Earley, Syed Mohammad Umar Kabir, Muhammad Fahadullah, Éanna Ryan, Tara Connelly, Daisuke Hashimoto, Majdi Ali Alqudah, Amer Alajalen, Rand Y Omari, Abdulrahman Qasem, Yazan Alawneh, Amer Ahmad, Omar Aladawi, Bourhan Alrayes, Hanan Haidar, Shatha Husain, Faisal Qassem, Adnan Sumadi, Ala'a Abu Salhiyeh, Balqees Mahmoud Al-Manaseer, Zaid Alsunna, Hazim Ra'ed, Faten Reyad Bani Hamad, Amro Abuleil, Elmi Ahmed Mohamed Jimaale, Marah Abu-Mehsen, Noor Olaywah, Omar Wafi, Hazim Ababneh, Luai Abu-Ismail, Almu'atasim Khamees, Ahmad Alkhatib, Raikhan Bolatbekova, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Talgat Nurgozhin, Timur Saliev, Baurzhan Zhussupov, Ydyrys Almabayev, Dilyara Kaidarova, Khalil Tamoos, Ahmed Aqeelah, Alsnosy Abdullah Khalefa Mohammed, Faraj Al Maadany, Ghadah Alkadeeki, Milad Gahwagi, Wafa Aldressi, Mohamed Amnaina, Arowa Hassan Abdulrahman Alansari, Akram Alkaseek, Ghozlan Yagoub, Anass Ben Amer, Marwa Salem, Ayman Almugaddami, Dania Burgan, Mohammed Abdelkabir, Khayriyah Alshareef, Rayet Al Islam Ben Jouira, Ayman Meelad, Ahmad Bouhuwaish, Sumayya Essayah Dwaga, Houda Khalifa, Bushray Almiqlash, Taha Suliaman, Mohammed Alawami, Fras Elhajdawe, Hajir Aboazamazem, Ibrahim Ellojli, Ahmed Msherghi, Ismail Ali Saleh, Mohammed Alayan, Marcel Didier Ndayishyigikiye, Akutu Munyika, Philipp Plarre, David W Borowski, Cameron Wells, Rebecca Teague, Brodie Elliott, David Kieser, Omar Mohyieldin, Nick McIntosh, Cheyaanthan Haran, Jasmin King, Jeong Ha, Matthew James McGuinness, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Julius Olaogun, Akinola Akinmade, Kefas Bwala, Peter Agbonrofo, Akinwale Afolabi, Usang Usang, Sebastian Ekenze, Samson Olori, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Abiodun Okunlola, Stephen Kache, Danjuma Sale, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Chukwuma Okereke, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Venko Filipce, Lazar Todorovic, Sotir Stavridis, John George Massoud, Sareyah Alsibai, Rizwan Sultan, Humera Naz Altaf, Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Aliya Aziz, Asad Ali Kerawala, Lajpat Rai, Mariyah Anwer, Aiman Tariq, Bushra Ayub, Sami Ullah Niazi, Muhammad 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Alexander Heriot, Peter Choong, Wendy Brown, Surjit Lidder, Justin Yeung, Luke Traeger, Guillermo Regalo, Ralph Gourlay, Peter Pockney, Peter Pockney, Sarit Badiani, Cherry Koh, Soni Putnis, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Fayza Haider, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Niels Komen, Bert Dhondt, Serge Cappeliez, Manon Pigeolet, Gabrielle van Ramshorst, Martijn Schoneveld, Jasper Stijns, Wouter Oosterlinck, Nicolas Flamey, Cyrille Kpangon, Mouhamed Agbadebo, S Mèvo Romaric Tobome, Ismaïl Lawani, Anis Cerovac, Aldo Vieira Barros, Samuel Aguiar Júnior, Glauco Baiocchi, Heloisa Galvão do Amaral Campos, Jefferson Gross, Felipe José Fernandez Coimbra, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Fabiana Makdissi, Suely Nakagawa, Joao Pedreira Duprat Neto, Jose Guilherme Vartanian, Guilherme Yazbek, Stenio C Zequi, Ronald Flumignan, Mihail Slavchev, Natalia Jaworska, Angela Dell, Harsha Shanthanna, Janet Martin, Abdollah Behzadi, Carolyn Nessim, Michelle Mozel, Pascal St-Germain, Crispin Russell, Gary Groot, Najib Safieddine, Duminda Wijeysundera, Antoine Eskander, Sami Chadi, Shawn MacKenzie, Alana Flexman, Fernando Heredia, Maria Marta Modolo, Julio Villanueva, Sofia Waissbluth, Roberto Macchiavello, Mario I Escudero, Tyare Fuentes, Ximena Mimica, Maricarmen Olivos, Dinimo Bolivar Saenz, Lina Caicedo, Juan Pablo Alzate, Joaquin Luna, Nestor Fabian Pedraza Alonso, Camilo Ortiz Silva, Carlos J Perez Rivera, Juliana Rodriguez, Liliana Silva-Igua, Martha Luz Torres, Lina María Trujillo, Albaro José Nieto Calvache, Julián Balanta-Melo, Rafael Figueroa-Casanova, Oscar-Julián García-Montoya, Carlos Andres Marulanda Toro, Marcela Velez Botero, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Eneida Diaz Martinez, Valentina Gutiérrez Perdomo, Jose Andres Calvache, Jose Andres Calvache, Emileth Montenegro, Jakov Mihanovic, Pablo Mijahil Avilés Jiménez, Nikolaos Gouvas, René Novysedlák, Julia Rodriguez-Abreu, Dolores Mejía, Eddy Lincango-Naranjo, Galal Abouelnagah, Sameh Shehata, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Ramy A Hassan, Mahmoud M Saad, 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Butyrskii, Mushabab Alshahrani, Azah Althumairi, Nasser Alzerwi, Ahmed Al Ameer, Ahmed Al Ameer, Tariq Madkhali, Abddulrahman Saleh Almulhim, Salman Ghazwani, Abdu Ayoub, Othman Iskander, Mohammed Ghunaim, Mohammed Alharthi, Turki M Alzaidi, Azah Althumairi, Mohammad Alyami, Abdulrahman Al Amri, Azah Althumairi, Abdullah AlFakhri, Amal Alhefdhi, Sharfuddin Chowdhury, Thamer Nouh, Ameen Alshehri, Abdulrahman Alzahrani, Yousef Alalawi, Selmy Awad, Ibrahima Konate, Abdourahmane Ndong, Jacques Tendeng, Nan Zun Teo, Frederick Koh, Jurij Aleš Košir, Uros Bele, Sabra Aqil, Cristina Barrena López, Ana Sánchez Mozo, Antonio Rodriguez Infante, Patricia Caja Vivancos, Mikel Prieto, Igor Alberdi San Roman, Laura Gomez Fernandez, Josep Maria Muñoz Vives, Anna Carreras-Castañer, Berta Díaz-Feijoo, Ramon Sieira-Gil, Victor Turrado-Rodriguez, Anna Sánchez López, Santiago Sánchez-Cabús, Marta Jimenez Toscano, MªPilar Canals Sin, Saura García Laura, Oriol Martin Sole, Pedro Palazon Bellver, Sonia Pérez-Bertólez, Jordi Prat-Ortells, Mireia Riba Martínez, Josep Rubio-Palau, Xavier Tarrado, Jorge Nuñez, Veronica Alonso Mendoza, Coro Bescós, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martin Espinosa-Bravo, Daniel Gil-Sala, Susana González-Suárez, Nuria Montferrer Estruch, Jorge Nuñez, Lucia Porteiro Mariño, Ana Rodríguez-Tesouro, Fabian Rojas Portilla, M Pilar Tormos Pérez, Inmaculada Vives, Unai Garcia De Cortazar, Kiara Tudela, Aitor Landaluce-Olavarria, Mercedes Estaire Gómez, Jorge Almoguera, Bakarne Ugarte-Sierra, Virginia Jimenez, Marta Bertrand, Laura Cárdenas Puiggrós, Olga Delisau-Puig, Jorge Garcia-Adamez, David Julià Bergkvist, Eloy Maldonado-Marcos, Lucia Diego García, Marta Roldón Golet, Iván Soto-Darias, Aida Cristina Rahy-Martín, Diego Enjuto, Adolfo Ramos-Luengo, Juan Delgado Fernandez, Carolina Lugo Duarte, Cristina Ojeda Thies, Lucila Marquez, Diana Crego Vita, Jana Dziakova, Ana Maria Minaya Bravo, Jorge Caño Velasco, Olga Mateo-Sierra, Begoña Quintana-Villamandos, Cristina Rey Valcarcel, Javier Rio, Laura Román García de León, Marcello Di Martino, Jorge Prada, Javier Serrano González, Manuel Losada, Jose Tomas Castell Gomez, Ramon Corripio-Sanchez, Alexander Forero-Torres, José Manuel Morales-Puebla, Hanna Perez-Chrzanowska, Santiago Valderrabano Gonzalez, Alvaro Yebes, Ignacio Zapardiel, Manuel Diez Alonso, Nelson Morales Palacios, Alberto Cabañero Sánchez, Fátima Sánchez Fernández, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane Abad-Motos, Fernando Corella, Javier Ripollés-Melchor, Rosa Sanz-Gonzalez, Marta Alcaraz Fuentes, Maria Teresa Fernández Martín, Pablo Calvo Espino, Milagros Carrasco Prats, Antonio-José Fernández-López, Damián García Escudero, Vanesa Garcia Soria, Jesús Aarón Martínez Alonso, Miguel Ruiz-Marín, Beatriz Gómez Pérez, Joaquin Moya-Angeler, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Heura Llaquet Bayo, Enrique Colás-Ruiz, Susana Bella Romera, M Teresa Gavaldà Pellicé, Misericòrdia Jordà Solé, Enrique Jose Ruiz Velasquez, Bernardo Núñez, Raul Jimenez, Jon Zabaleta, Maria Jose González-Gimeno, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Antonio Perez Ferrer, Rubén Martín-Láez, Marcelo Moreno Suarez, Miguel Angel Freiria Eiras, Irene Ramallo-Solís, Juan-Carlos Gomez-Rosado, Jose Ramon Oliver Guillen, Mar Achalandabaso Boira, Juan Carlos Catalá Bauset, Julio Domenech, Rafael Badenes, Juan Carlos Bernal-Sprekelsen, Jorge Sancho-Muriel, Beatriz De Andrés-Asenjo, Francisco J Tejero-Pintor, Marc Vallve-Bernal, Alba Vazquez Melero, Laura Sánchez Blasco, Jorge Escartin, Victoria Duque Mallén, Selvaratnam Srishankar, Umesh Jayarajah, Charitha Sooriyabandara, Oshan Basnayake, Nalaka Gunawansa, Dakshitha Wickramasinghe, Prabuth Dulanjan Weeraddana, Thanusan Vimalakanthan, Shanthamoorthy Gishanthan, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Eleftherios Gialamas, Marc-Olivier Sauvain, Ahmad Ghazal, Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Turki Alhassoun, Sara Maa Albared, Antoine Naem, Hareth Alnahr, Ghassan Jisry, Ali Hammed, Arda Isik, Okedi Francis Xaviour, Gaston Turinawe, Isaac Mubezi, Franck K Sikakulya, Andrew Kakeeto, Wilberforce M Kabweru, Hervé Monka Lekuya, Ronald Kiweewa, Herman Lule, Paul Matovu, Otolia Isaac, Mohamed Mashhour, Amin El Helw, Sattar Alshryda, Safeena Kherani, Awadelkarim Mohamed, Ferial Mohamed Ali Abbas, Diary Mohammed, Ehab Aldlyami, Rakesh Kundra, Mohamed Mashhour, Mohamed Mashhour, Antony Louis Rex Michael, Hayder Alsaadi, Kareem S Khalil, Rachel Dbeis, Shafaque Shaikh, Jenny Ferry, Aiman Jamal, Haleema Siddique, Rishi Das, Nikhil Ponugoti, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Pornjittra Rattanasirivilai, Asma Sultana, Frances Mosley, Matthew Chan, Antony Bateman, Gareth Davies-Jones, Fanourios Georgiades, Grant D Stewart, Navid Ahmadi, Aman Coonar, Mariam Baig, Chetan Khatri, Arthika Surendran, Julian Sonksen, Robert Sinnerton, Caitlin Brennan, Gemma Faulkner, Michael Greenhalgh, Hannah Emerson, Kiran Singisetti, Joshua Totty, Michael Wilson, Terence Lo, Harriet Corbett, Ijeoma Okonkwo, Gill Arbane, Kariem El-Boghdadly, Cyrus Kerawala, Chetan Parmar, Tom Abbott, Michael Bath, Funlayo Odejinmi, Jayesh Sagar, Rishi Talwar, Samuel Newman, John Hammond, John Moir, Natalie Duric, Tamas Szakmany, Ahmar Iftikhar Talib, Mina Youssef, Christopher Lewis-Lloyd, Christopher Lewis-Lloyd, Mariam Lami, Khurram Ayub, Benjamin Dean, Supriya Balasubramanya, Sathya Lakpriya, Luke Rogers, Paul Turner, Mark Maher, Kohila Sigamoney, John Edwards, Jihène El Kafsi, John Hardie, David Johnson, Christin Henein, Marianne Hollyman, Ketan Agarwal, Simon Powell, Govind Singh Chauhan, Rakesh Patel, Joel Gagnier, Heather Carmichael, Aurora, Kristofor A Olson, Eric Etchill, Joseph Incorvia, Sameer Hirji, Matthew Naunheim, Frederick Drake, Haytham Kaafarani, Caroline Reinke, Anna Alecci, Dennis Vaysburg, Jennifer Rodriquez, Emily Shih, Vin Shen Ban, Julia Coleman, Henry E Rice, Krista Kaups-Fresno, Emmanouil Giorgakis, Maggie DiNome, Neal Bhutiani, Omar Alnachoukati, Brittany Bankhead-Kendall, Taylor Aiken, Thomas Diehl, Ankush Gosain, Rishi Rattan, Muhammad Owais Abdul Ghani, Nensi Melissa Ruzgar, Anna Liveris, Nina Glass, Charu Paranjape, Theresa Chin, Antonio Meola, Kristina Nicholson, John Squiers, Stephanie Lueckel, Janani Reisenauer, Rachael Callcut, Ahmed Mansour, Allison Berndtson, Lucy Kornblith, Sara Seegert, Paulo Martins, Hamza Al-Naggar, Mohammed Al-Shehari, Ibrahim Al-Raimi, Allan Ngulube, Maphios Siamuchembu, Willard Mushiwokufa, Busisiwe Mlambo, Simbarashe Chinyowa, Ervis Agastra, Enton Bollano, Kostandin Gjyli, Dariel Thereska, Irida Dajti, Jola Kerpaci, Enxhi Vrapi, Lorena Zijaj, Bahraoui Djahida, Belabbes Fatima Zohra, Kouidri Khadidja, Oussama Bali, Nassim Benallel, Ismahene Lalmi, Meriem Abdoun, Nesrine Aouabed, Souad Bouaoud, Kamel Bouchenak, Assia Haif, Zineddine Soualili, Joaquin Bastet, Agustín Bianco, Daniel Capitaine, Jorge Centeno Lozada, Carlos Esquivel, Rodrigo Figueroa, Manuel Garcia, Pablo Martín García, José Ignacio Gerchunoff, Fernando Martinez Iascano, Jose Mondino, María Emilia Muriel, Carmignani Pablo, Martin Passadore, Alejandra Tornini, Rogelio Traverso, Lara Vargas, Gerardo Zanoni, Norberto Berber, Estefanía Cotta, Marcela Di Vincenzo, Esteban Sebastian Gallino, Cecilia Gigena, Bianca Grassano, Veronica Laudani, Ignacio Lugones, Constanza Madrid, Maximiliano Maricic, Antonio Alberto Martinez, Andres Rosso, Pablo Scher, Sofia Tachella, Damaris Idara Anabel Zezular, Carla Abuawad, Agustin Albani Forneris, Carola Allemand, Laura Gisela Alvarez Calzaretta, Luis Boccalatte, Jorge G Boretto, Rocio Boudou, Rodrigo Brandariz, Martin Buljubasich, Arturo Burchakchi, Martin Buttaro, Juan Pablo Campana, Virginia Cano Busnelli, Tomas Carminatti, Agustina Florencia Castro Lalín, Julian Cereghini, María Sol Crespi Amor, Roberto Sebastián Croattini, Maria Sol Fernandez, Marcelo Figari, Uriel Fraidenraij, Diego Gallegos, Agustín Maria García-Mansilla, Marcos Gonzalez, Matias Ignacio Gonzalez, Esteban Gonzalez Salazar, Jeremias Goransky, Guillermo Hernandez Gauna, Felipe Higuera, Fernando Holc, Esteban Gabriel Jauregui, Juan Larrañaga, Juan Liyo, Lionel Llano, Pablo Lobos, Emilia Luzzi, Gustavo Mastroianni, Santiago Miguel Mata-Suarez, Horacio F Mayer, Santiago Mc Loughlin, Efrain Mendoza, Ricardo Esteban Mentz, Pedro Mercado, Pablo Moyano, Florencia Noll, Diego Odetto, Agustina Rene Oliva, Rafael Perez Vidal, Catalina Poggi, Eduardo Jorge Premoli, María Lourdes Ramos, Patricio Rosas, Luciano Rossi, Gustavo Rossi, Jose Saadi, Jordán Scherñuk, Pablo Slullitel, María Verona Stang, María Victoria Taboada, Sebastian Tirapegui, Constanza Uffelmann, Carlos Vaccaro, Roberto Vagni, Ana Clara Valerio, Celeste Soledad Zarratea, Carina Chwat, Silvina Montal, Brian Morris, Pedro Valdez, Fernando Diaz-Couselo,Ricci C, Casadei R, Fruscio, R, Ornaghi, S, Felice Pecoraro, Emanuele Cammarata, Sofia Campanella, Daniela Canzonieri, Adriana Cordova, Federico De Michele, Ettore Dinoto, Mara Franza, Leo Licari, Daniele Matta, Domenico Mirabella, Roberto Pirrello, Pierfrancesco Pugliese, Fernando Rosatti, Giuseppe Salamone, Francesca Toia, Massimiliano Tripoli, Vito Chiantera, Mariano Catello Di Donna, Collaborative, Covidsurg, Collaborative, Globalsurg, Palmisano, Silvia, de Manzini, Nicolo', Simoes, J, Rosati, R, on behalf of COVIDSurg Collaborative, GlobalSurg Collaborative, Aldrighetti, L, Mortini, P, Olmi, S, Medical Oncology, Assoc Surg Training ASiT, European Soc Coloproctology ESCP, EuroSurg, G4 Alliance, GlobalPaedSurg, GICS, ItSURG, ISRC, Italian Soc Colorectal Surg SICCR, PTSurg, S-ECCO, South African Soc, and SpainSurg

Subjects
Lung Diseases, Male, Internationality, SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, surgery, pathways, pre-operative isolation, Settore MED/18 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Lung Disease, ESTUDOS PROSPECTIVOS, Cohort Studies, Patient Isolation, Postoperative Complications, 80 and over, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, 610 Medicine & health, Aged, 80 and over, Incidence (epidemiology), Treatment Outcome, Elective Surgical Procedures, Female, Elective Surgical Procedure, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Isolation (health care), Preoperative care, NO, Anesthesiology, Preoperative Care, medicine, Humans, Elective surgery, LS7_4, Aged, business.industry, pathway, Surgery, Reconstructive and regenerative medicine Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 10], Prospective Studie, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Human medicine, Postoperative Complication, Cohort Studie, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p=0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7days or ≥8days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p=0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p=0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p=0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7days or ≥8days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p=0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p=0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care.

Published
2021

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