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Background: Eventhough FNAC is the most routinely performed, safe and cost effective diagnostic procedure for an initial diagnosis of thyroid lesions, we often come across difficulties in diagnosis, especially the grey zone lesions of the thyroid. In such cases AgNOR staining can be used as an adjunct to FNAC for establishing a more definitive cytopathological diagnosis. Hence this study was conducted to evaluate the role of AgNOR staining in diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 150 cases of Fine needle aspirates of thyroid lesions done at the Department of Pathology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical sciences, B.G Nagara during November 2016 to April 2018. AgNOR stained smears were evaluated. Silver stained NORs appeared as black dots were counted two different times by a single observer at a magnification of 100X oil immersion lens. 100 representative nuclei of thyroid follicular cells were selected. A mean was calculated which represented mean AgNOR count. Results: In this study maximum number of cases were seen in 31-40yrs of life (35.3%). Male: female ratio in our study was 1:15.6 The mean values of AgNOR count are significantly higher in malignant group (4.921.71) comparing benign group(2.201.06). In the present study mean AgNOR count was highest in metastatic deposits of squamous cell carcinoma (10.2) and lowest in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Hyperplastic goiter, and colloid goiter (1.8). Mean AgNOR count of follicular thyroid carcinoma (4.64) was higher than follicular adenoma (3.050.49). Interpretation and Conclusion: AgNOR staining can be used as an objective tool for correct diagnosis. It can also be used as an adjunct to FNAC for diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Keywords: FNAC- Fine Needle Aspiration, Cytology, AgNOR, Thyroid, Cytodiagnosis, Adenoma, Thyroid epithelial cells.

The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) are cellular proliferation markers, crucial for predicting the clinical course and aggressiveness of tumors. The purpose of this study was to establish an easy and practical AgNOR staining method in the cytology of dogs and cats. Air-dried cytological slides were prepared from dogs (n=14) and cats (n=12). Acetone, formalin, ethanol and methanol were tested as fixatives for AgNOR staining. Subsequently, various methods of Romanowsky-based counterstains were tested before and after AgNOR staining. Clear and strong AgNOR spots were observed with all fixatives, and post-May-Grunwald staining was the best counterstaining method. The established method showed clear AgNOR spots even in the long-term storage samples and Romanowsky-stained ones.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of AgNORs on FNAC smears of breast lesion.Methods: FNAC were done in 200 female patients of breast lump consecutively, Papanicolau and AgNOR staining was done in all 200 cases of FNA smears.Among them biopsy and histopathology were done in 99 cases. The findings of FNAC and AgNOR analysis were compared to histopathological findings.Results: By FNAC, 53 (26.5%) cases were non-neoplastic benign, 89(44.5%) cases were benign neoplasm, 07 (3.5%) cases were atypical ductal hyperplasia and 51(25.5%) cases were malignant (Duct cell carcinoma).Among them histopathology was done in 99 cases.Out of 40 FNAC malignant cases, histopathologically all were proved malignant. Out of 42 benign cases, 1 was found malignant. 4 atypical ductal hyperplasia were also diagnosed as malignant histopathologically. True positive cases are 40, True negative cases are 36, false positive are nil (0), and false negative is 01. The sensitivity is 97.56%, specificity is 100%, positive predictive value is 100%, Negative predictive value is 97.3%, and accuracy is 98.7%. AgNOR impression were analysed in 99 histopathologically confirmed cases. The results showed benign impression in 50 cases and malignant impression in 48 cases. 01 histopathologically malignant case was impressed as benign by AgNOR and 01 as suspicious which may be included as malignant by AgNOR impression. 2 histopathologically benign cases showed higher proliferative activities and counted as malignant. True positive cases are 46, True negative 49, false positive is 02 and false negative is 01. The sensitivity is 97.87%, Specificity 96.07%, PPV 95.83%, NPV 98%, Overall accuracy is 96.93%.Conclusion: The efficacy of FNAC and AgNOR analysis in the diagnosis of breast lesion was found more or less similar and mild over lapping.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.15 (2); Jul 2016; Page 14-20

Background: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a clinical entity with characteristic microscopic features, high growth potential and propensity to recur. Aggressive behavior and higher tendency for recurrence have been attributed to greater proliferative activity of epithelial lining. The incidence of recurrence in various reported series ranges from 2.5% to 62%. Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the clinical behavior of OKC by evaluating p53, MDM2 expression, AgNOR staining and to ascertain if the expression of these markers correlate with the clinical outcome and tendency for recurrence. Materials and Methods: All recurrent and nonrecurrent OKCs from the archives were included, and sections were subjected to AgNOR staining, p53 and MDM2 immunohistochemical staining. Results and Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the staining pattern of MDM2 and AgNOR in the recurrent group as compared to the nonrecurrent group. The higher expression of these markers in recurrent lesions may be important in order to consider additional surgical interventions to improve prognosis.

Prefrontal cortical regions, which are crucial for the regulation of emotionally influenced behaviour, play most probably a dominant role in the pathogenesis of suicide. The study was carried out on paraffin-embedded brain tissue blocks containing specimens from the anterior cingulate cortex (dorsal and ventral parts), the orbitofrontal cortex, and the dorsolateral cortex obtained from 23 suicide completers (predominantly violent) with unknown psychiatric diagnosis and 25 non-suicidal controls. The transcriptional activity of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as a surrogate marker of protein biosynthesis was evaluated separately in layers III and V pyramidal neurons in regions of interest (ROIs) mentioned above by the AgNOR silver staining method bilaterally. The overall statistical analysis revealed a decrease of AgNOR area suggestive of attenuated rDNA activity in suicide victims versus controls, particularly in male subjects. Further ROI-specific post-hoc analyses revealed decreases of the median AgNOR area in suicides compared to non-suicides in all 16 ROIs. However, this effect was only significant in the layer V pyramidal neurons of the right ventral anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings suggest that decreased rDNA transcription in prefrontal pyramidal neurons plays possibly an important role in suicide pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00406-019-00996-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

WOS: 000393615100009, The karyotypes of three species of social voles recently discovered in Turkey (Microtus irani karamani, M. schidlovskii, and M. anatolicus) were investigated. All specimens examined revealed similar karyotypes comprising 60 chromosomes in the diploid complement. All autosomes and the X chromosome were acrocentric. The subtelocentric Y chromosome was recorded in M. anatolicus but it was acrocentric in the other species. Dark C-bands were observed in centromeric/pericentromeric areas of all the acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosome had a centromeric C-positive area and the Y chromosome was completely heterochromatic in all specimens examined. AgNORs were recorded in the pericentromeric region of seven autosome pairs in M. irani karamani, ten autosome pairs in M. schidlovskii, and eight autosome pairs of M. anatolicus. Differences in the NOR distribution between the species were quantified in a neighbor-joining tree. The individuals of M. anatolicus appeared as the basal branch in relation to the derived sister group of M. schidlovskii and M. irani karamani.

Aims and Objectives: The present study was taken up to evaluate the AgNOR counts in the buccal mucosa cells of gutkha chewers and compare that with the sex-matched controls. Materials and Methods: In all, 100 gutkha chewers and 50 sex-matched non-chewers (controls) were chosen. None of the patients in both groups had any clinical oral lesions or systemic diseases. After rinsing with 0.9% sodium chloride, cytologic smears were prepared and stained using the AgNOR method and observed in immersion oil at 1000 × magnification. Finally, 50 cells were selected at random; AgNOR dots were counted and their mean was recorded. The student t-test was used for analysis of data. Results: Comparison between mean AgNOR counts of gutkha chewers (2.68 ± 0.23) and non-chewers (2.01 ± 0.14) was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Cytology associated with AgNOR staining can effectively detect the early molecular changes within buccal mucosa cells of oral mucosa.

The AgNOR staining technique for nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) is characterized by marking proteins related to ribossomal ribonucleic acid evaluating celular proliferation. The objective was to study the ovarian morphometry and the value of AgNOR thecnique application to evaluate the proliferation of healthy cels from ovarian structures in crossbred ewe. 102 pairs of ovaries were collected and from the largest follicle of each ovary was measured its diameter. From the largest corpus luteum (CL) was measured the diameter and width, classifying the CL in: included, protruberant, massive and cavity, followed by AgNOR staining. The significance level was 5%. It had difference (p

The central serotonergic system is implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, where the imbalance between dopamine, serotonin and glutamate plays a key pathophysiological role. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is the main source of serotonergic innervation of forebrain limbic structures disturbed in schizophrenia patients. The study was carried out on paraffin-embedded brains from 17 (8 paranoid and 9 residual) schizophrenia patients and 28 matched controls without mental disorders. The transcriptional activity of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in DRN neurons was evaluated by the AgNOR silver-staining method. An increased rDNA transcriptional activity was found in schizophrenia patients in the cumulative analysis of all DRN subnuclei (t test, P = 0.02). Further subgroup analysis revealed that it was an effect specific for residual schizophrenia versus paranoid schizophrenia or control groups (ANOVA, P = 0.002). This effect was confounded neither by suicide nor by antipsychotic medication. Our findings suggest that increased activity of rDNA in DRN neurons is a distinct phenomenon in schizophrenia, particularly in residual patients. An activation of the rDNA transcription in DRN neurons may represent a compensatory mechanism to overcome the previously described prefrontal serotonergic hypofunction in this diagnostic subgroup.

Purpose: Prostatic carcinoma is a common and growing public health problem. Histological evaluation is fairly adequate for assessing tumor differentiation, but tumor proliferative activity is difficult to measure. Increasing evidence suggests that the factors controlling cell cycle progression also modulate the rate of ribosome biogenesis. Despite the influence of cyclin D1 and argyrophilic nuclear organizer region (AgNOR) on prostate cancer proliferation, few studies have evaluated the diagnostic importance of these markers. Therefore, the present study was carried out to analyze the diagnostic value of the proliferative markers cyclin D1 and AgNOR in various prostatic lesions and to determine whether any association or relation between these markers and different Gleason grades exists. Methods: A total 50 cases of various prostatic lesions were studied. Tumor grade, AgNOR staining, and cyclin D1 expression were evaluated in all cases. Correlations between the intensity and differential localization of these markers and Gleason grades were evaluated. Results: The mean AgNOR count in cases of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was high compared with cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but lower than that of carcinoma cases. The intensity of cyclin D1 expression was high in carcinoma. A total of 14 cases (46.67%) showed strong positivity. No significant correlation was found between the intensity of cyclin D1 expression, AgNOR count, and histologic grades of prostatic carcinoma, whereas a significant correlation was observed between intensity and percentage expression of cyclin D1 in BPH and carcinoma (P < 0.01). Nuclear as well as cytoplasmic positivity was seen among various grades of carcinoma. Conclusions: AgNOR count and cyclin D1 may be helpful in distinguishing between BPH and carcinoma of the prostate but may not be used as reliable indicators of the grade of prostatic adenocarcinoma because of overlapping values in various grades. However, further studies on larger samples are required to elucidate the role of these markers in identification of premalignant lesions.

We present the karyotype characteristics of five cytotypes of mole rats (Nannospalax) with 56 chromosomes revealed by the C-banding and AgNOR staining analyses. We attempt to investigate if the specific distinction between the populations from Thrace (N. leucodon) and Anatolia (N. xanthodon) is reflected also in their karyotypic differentiation. The specimens from each of the five populations studied revealed a distinct karyotype which was different from those found in other populations. The fundamental number of autosomal arms varied from 68 to 72. The amount of C-heterochromatin was larger in the Thrace sample ofN. leucodoncompared to the Anatolian population ofN. xanthodon. The active NOR sites were recorded on five autosomal pairs inN. leucodon, whereas only three or four pairs bearing NOR were observed inN. xanthodon. Differences between the studied populations were quantified in the analysis of the distribution pattern of the C-positive bands and the AgNOR sites in individual chromosomes which indicated a basal position of the Thrace sample ofN. leucodonand its divergence from other studied populations. The karyotypes of the 56-chromosome populations ofN. leucodonandN. xanthodonare thus distinctly different.

WOS: 000315252000006 PubMed: 23767292 ARSLAN A., ZIMA J., YORULMAZ T., GOZUTOK S., TOYRAN K. 2013. Chromosome banding pattern in fat dormouse and bank vole (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey. Folia Biologica (Krakow) 61: 47-51. The chromosome banding pattern (C-banding, AgNOR staining) was studied in isolated populations of two species of rodents from Turkey, Glis glis and Myodes glareolus. A single nucleolar organizer region was localized in an autosomal pair in the complement of G. glis. Centromeric C-heterochromatin blocks and seven pairs of NOR-bearing autosomes were observed in the complement of M glareolus. A metacentric Y chromosome was found in the M glareolus males examined. The detailed structure of karyotypes and the banding patterns differ from some previously published results.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the numbers and mean areas of the AgNOR dots in the 3 most common salivary gland tumors. Materials and Methods One hundred and seventy paraffin blocks histologically diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were selected from the archives of the pathology department of Loghman hospital, Tehran, Iran and then cut and stained using the standard AgNOR method. The number and area of AgNOR dots were evaluated. Chi-square and Pearson correlation (2-tailed) tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was P < 0.05. Results The chi-square test showed significant differences between tumor types and the numbers of AgNORs (P = 0.000) and between tumor types and areas of AgNORs (P = 0.000). Conclusions The AgNOR technique can be used to diagnose salivary gland tumors.

Aim and Objective: The role of prognosis cannot be stressed enough, especially when it comes to potentially malignant lesions. The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), which is simple and cost-effective has been used in diagnostic and prognostic pathologies. This study seeks to identify the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), to correlate the AgNOR count with the histologic grade of OSMF, and to evaluate the prognostic potential of AgNOR. Materials and Methods: The sample size consisted of archival paraffin blocks of 35 cases of varying grades of OSMF and 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Normal mucosa samples served as controls for the study. AgNOR staining in accordance with the method of Smith and Crocker was performed and Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed an increase in AgNOR counts with corresponding grades of OSMF, the count being least in normal mucosa and also an increase in AgNOR count with corresponding decrease in differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: AgNOR staining is a rapid and inexpensive procedure representing cellular proliferation that can be used to assess the nature of the lesion and therefore, the prognosis.

WOS: 000373706200010, The karyotypes of Dryomys laniger and D. nitedula from Turkey were studied using C-banding and AgNOR staining. The standard karyotypes found in both species were fairly similar to previously published data (2n = 46, NF = 92 in D. laniger; 2n = 48, NF = 96 in D. nitedula). The C-banding pattern revealed a relatively small amount of heterochromatin in both karyotypes and C-heterochromatin was concentrated at centromeric areas of most autosomes and the X chromosome. Heterochromatin changes have apparently not been responsible for karyotypic divergences between the studied species. The AgNORs were recorded in the pericentromeric region of two autosome pairs in the complement of D. laniger, and at a single autosome pair of D. nitedula. The complement of D. laniger could be derived from that of D. nitedula after a tandem fusion of two autosomal pairs, and the assumed rearrangement also included the NOR region., Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Forest and Water Works, General Directorate of Forestry and Nature Conservation Centre [00084294], We want to thank the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Forest and Water Works, General Directorate of Forestry and Nature Conservation Centre for support (Project No: 00084294).

Kankılıç, Tolga (Aksaray, Yazar), The karyotypes of Dryomys laniger and D. nitedula from Turkey were studied using C-banding and AgNOR staining. The standard karyotypes found in both species were fairly similar to previously published data (2n = 46, NF = 92 in D. laniger; 2n = 48, NF = 96 in D. nitedula). The C-banding pattern revealed a relatively small amount of heterochromatin in both karyotypes and C-heterochromatin was concentrated at centromeric areas of most autosomes and the X chromosome. Heterochromatin changes have apparently not been responsible for karyotypic divergences between the studied species. The AgNORs were recorded in the pericentromeric region of two autosome pairs in the complement of D. laniger, and at a single autosome pair of D. nitedula. The complement of D. laniger could be derived from that of D. nitedula after a tandem fusion of two autosomal pairs, and the assumed rearrangement also included the NOR region.

Objetivo: avaliar a atividade proliferativa celular das regioes organizadoras nucleolares (AgNORs) em uma serie de casos de carcinoma espinocelular da cavidade bucal (CECB) e correlacionar esta atividade com o grau histologico do tumor, definida pela Organizacao Mundial da Saude (OMS). Metodologia: vinte casos de CECB estudados foram obtidos a partir de diagnostico do Servico de Diagnostico Histopatologico da UPF. Dados relativos a idade, sexo e origem etnica dos pacientes, alem da localizacao da lesao na cavidade bucal, foram obtidos a partir dos relatorios histopatologicos. A tecnica de AgNOR foi utilizada para analise histoquimica dos tumores. Resultados: houve predominio de CECB em pacientes do sexo masculino na sexta decada de vida. O labio foi o local mais afetado e o grau histologico I foi o predominante. O numero medio de NORs por nucleo na amostra foi de 2,00 (desvio padrao: 0,58). O teste de correlacao de Pearson mostrou que o numero de NORs no CECB foi diretamente correlacionado com o grau histologico do tumor (p = 0,021). Conclusao: o metodo AgNOR foi util como uma ferramenta de diagnostico e indicador de prognostico do CECB, quando combinado com a analise histopatologica convencional. Palavras-chave: AgNOR; Proliferacao Celular; Diagnostico; Carcinoma Espinocelular; Tratamento.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to histologically assess different types of oral squamous cell carcinoma and the silver-binding nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) morphology in neoplastic cells, as well as to quantify the number of AgNORs in each type of carcinoma in order to relate AgNOR count and histologic grading. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-eight cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were divided into 4 groups, namely well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated. For NOR study, 3-µm-thick sections were stained with 50% aqueous silver nitrate solution. The predominant microscopic pattern of NORs was determined. Quantitative analyses of NORs were obtained of all cells present on each histological field using a 0.025 mm² eyepiece graticule. Different histological fields were analyzed until the total number of NORs was 120 cells for each tumor. Kruskall-Wallis test was applied to compare the groups of sample data at a significance level of p=0.05. RESULTS: The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus was 3.20 for the well-differentiated group, 5.33 for the moderately differentiated one, 8.27 for the poorly differentiated one, and 10.08 for the undifferentiated one. AgNOR count was significantly different (p

In this work, 2 species of the Pimelodidae family, Luciopimelodus pati and Pinirampus pirinampu, were cytogenetically analyzed. Specimens collected from the Parana River, near Corrientes city, Argentina, were assessed using conventional Giemsa, C-banding, and AgNOR staining. L. pati and P. pirinampu showed 2n=50 chromosomes. The cytogenetic characteristics of the 2 species could be considered as derivate features with respect to the other Pimelodinae fishes. Chromosome fusions and chromatin loss are proposed as the hypothetical origin of the described karyotypes.

An involvement of the central serotonergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of suicide. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is the main source of serotonergic innervation of forebrain limbic structures disturbed in suicidal behaviour. The study was carried out on paraffin-embedded brainstem blocks containing the DRN obtained from 27 suicide completers (predominantly violent) with unknown psychiatric diagnosis and 30 non-suicidal controls. The transcriptional activity of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in DRN neurons as a surrogate marker of protein biosynthesis was evaluated by the AgNOR silver staining method. Significant decreases in AgNOR parameters suggestive of attenuated rDNA activity were found in the cumulative analysis of all DRN subnuclei in suicide victims versus controls (U test P values 80 %) suggests a diagnostic value of the observed effect. However, the possible application of the method in forensic differentiation diagnostics between suicidal and non-suicidal death needs further research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00406-015-0655-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-26T19:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-31T13:04:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352015000200447.pdf: 277633 bytes, checksum: 42db768df4d959577321849475852db5 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A coloração pela prata das regiões organizadoras de nucléolos (NORs) é caracterizada por marcar proteínas ligadas ao ácido ribonucleico ribossômico, avaliando a proliferação em células normais ou neoplásicas. Objetivou-se estudar, em testículos de ovinos obtidos em matadouro, a validade do uso da técnica de coloração pela prata (AgNOR) na identificação das regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (NORs) em células saudáveis da linhagem espermatogênica. Utilizaram-se 43 pares de testículos de ovinos mestiços entre seis e 10 meses de idade. Testes de Wilcoxon e Spearman foram empregados, com nível de 5%. As médias das NORs nas células das gônadas direita e esquerda foram, respectivamente: espermatogônia (8,77±1,14 e 9,04±0,96), espermatócitos (4,99±2,00 e 6,20±2,07; P

Background: Quantification of argyrophillic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) is a good indicator of cellular proliferation activity and is useful diagnostic tool to estimate the malignant potential of lesions in gallbladder. The aim of the present study was to study the AgNORs and assess their correlation with various lesions of the gallbladder.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of pathology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. One hundred specimens of gall bladder lesions (50 cases chronic cholecystitis,30 cases epithelial hyperplasia and 20 cases of carcinoma) were study subjects. AgNOR staining was done on three micron thin sections of paraffin embedded tissue, as per the method of Crocker and Smith with safranin counterstain. The number of AgNORs, stained as black dots was counted in one hundred adjacent cells in different lesions.Results: Mean AgNOR count in chronic cholecystitis, epithelial hyperplasia and carcinoma was 2.44±0.31, 3.88±0.39 and 7.90±0.76 respectively. AgNOR counts in various lesions gradually increased from chronic cholecystitis to carcinoma and the increase was statistically significant (p

Aims: A comparative evaluation of proliferation activity in unicystic ameloblastoma (UA), multicystic ameloblastoma (MA) and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) using silver staining technique. Settings and Design: In the present study 21 histopathologically confirmed paraffin blocks,7 each of UA, MA and KCOT were selected and stained with silver nitrate. Materials and Methods: For quantitative analysis, 100 cells were counted at 1000x magnification for AgNORs and the mean value was calculated. Qualitative analysis of AgNORs included normal (oval shaped) and abnormal groups (bean shaped) in the lesion. Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis of data was done by a specialist statistician using two way ANOVA and multiple comparisons with Tukey’s test in advanced excel. Results: The AgNOR count was more in KCOT when compared to MA and UA with the pattern of distribution of AgNORs more in basal than in the parabasal layer in KCOT. The qualitative analysis showed small to large oval AgNOR’s in KCOT and few clusters in MA whereas in UA irregular clusters were seen. Conclusion: This concludes the expediency of AgNOR staining in reflecting the high proliferation rate and a more aggressive behavior of KCOT in comparison to MA and UA which signifies requirement of a more hostile surgical approach in KCOT to avoid recurrences following different treatment modalities.

目的: 腹水細胞診においてAgNOR染色を応用し卵巣腺癌細胞と反応性中皮の鑑i別の補助診断法としての有用性を検討した.方法: 腹水細胞診陽性の卵巣腺癌症例11例と, 対照の反応性中皮を伴う良性腹水の出現した女性11例を対象としてAgNOR染色を施行し, 一核あたりの平均AgNORsドット数をm-AgNOR, 一核あたりのAgNOR数がn個以上である核を有する細胞の占める割合をP-AgNOR≧n (%) と定め検討した.成績:m-AgNORは卵巣腺癌細胞と反応性中皮の間で有意差を認め (p=0), 両者の鑑別に有用であった.また, 同症例の組織標本に於けるm-AgNORは細胞診標本のものと正の相関の傾向にあり, 細胞診標本に於けるm-AgNORの信頼性が確認された.しかし, AgNORsドット数の正確なカウントおよびm-AgNORの算出には大変な労力を要する.一方p-AgNOR≧4or5は両者間で有意差を認め (p

WOS: 000322348800023, The variation pattern of the C-heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer region (NOR) distribution, both between and within two cytotypes of M. arvalis with 46 chromosomes, are described. The positive C-bands were observed on six or seven small bi-armed autosomal pairs and in two, three or four acrocentric autosomal pairs. Only a small dark C-band was observed in the acrocentric homologue from a large heteromorphic autosomal pair in the complement of specimens belonging to the obscurus cytotype. The nudeolar organizer region was localized in the secondary constrictions in three autosomal pair in the specimens of the obscurus cytotype. These results may contribute to the knowledge of cytogenetic differentiation between the cytotypes and investigation of their systematic status.

Background. The aim of this study is to assess the role of multiparameter analysis of silver (Ag)-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) technique on aspiration smears of thyroid swellings to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions.Materials and Methods. Aspiration smears from 166 cases of thyroid swellings were examined. Diagnosis was confirmed by histology in 61 cases. AgNOR staining was done on FNA smears according to silver-staining protocol proposed by the International Committee for AgNOR quantification. Multiparameter analysis of AgNORs such as mAgNOR, pAgNOR, and AgNOR size grade was done on 50–100 cells under oil immersion lens.Results. AgNOR parameter of benign and malignant thyroid lesions was compared and was found to be statistically significant. Out of 157 satisfactory AgNOR stained cases, 148 (94.3%) were benign lesions and 9 (5.7%) cases were malignant lesions. In AgNOR analysis, sensitivity was found to be 83.33%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 98.21%, and accuracy was 98.36%.Conclusions. AgNOR analysis in the FNA smears is a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective method for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid swellings.

甲状腺腫瘍の組織型別増殖能を検討する目的で, 過去の手術摘出症例について Howell らの方法に準じ AgNOR 染色を行ない, 平均AgNOR 数の比較を行なうとともに, 一部の症例にDNA顕微螢光測光法を併用し, 双方の結果を比較した。平均AgNOR数は異型腺腫, 濾胞癌, 乳頭癌とも正常甲状腺に比べて, 有意に高値を示した。乳頭癌を Ducommun の分類に従って高, 中, 低の3つの文化度に分類すると, 平均AgNOR数は分化度が低下するに従って, 段階的に増加を示した。異型腺腫の2症例では, 測定された領域の分化度が低下するに従い, AgNOR数とS+G2M期細胞比率は共に増加し, 双方がよく関連した成績を示した。以上より, AgNOR染色は甲状腺腫瘍の増殖能を評価する上で, 有用な方法であると考えられた。

Una substancia del nucleolo adyacente a los bivalentes sexuales profásicos tempranos se ha observado y estudiado mediante métodos citoquímicos en los machos de unos picudos de proboscis corta. La substancia se desintegra rápidamente probablemente por no tener un organizador activo. En el diploteno temprano el bivalente sexual adquiere la forma de paracaídas (Xyp) . Una substancia argirofílica aparece en los bordes interiores de X y y, para después invadir todo el espacio entre ellos. La substancia queda sin marcar por la mayoría de los colores comunes del nucleolo o de las proteínas. ARN y los histones parecen excluídos. Solo la tinción AgNOR la marca claramente, especialmente si se ha usado un fijador que contenga formalina.

Fifteen normal bone marrow aspirates were stained with the agyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) method. The results of the specific staining AgNORs as well as nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were analysed. A system was devised to characterise precisely the AgNORs present in the nuclei of bone marrow cells. Particular types of bone marrow cells had a characteristic AgNOR and non-AgNOR staining pattern. The bone marrow cells were identified easily and reliably with AgNOR staining and the method was especially useful for lymphocytes, plasma cells, erythroid cells, basophils/mast cells, monocytes and cells containing haemosiderin. The immature haemopoietic cells exhibited more and larger AgNORs than the more mature cells. It is concluded that AgNOR staining can be used to study bone marrow cells by providing additional information when used in conjunction with conventional stains.

Study of Silver-binding nucleolar organizing regions (AgNORs) in 50 cases of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of upper Aero-digestive tract was carried out with an aim of correlating AgNOR positivity with histological grade of tumour and evaluating value of AgNOR staining in predicting the progress of disease.Tissue sections of the cases were stained with 50 percent silver nitrate solution for AgNOR evaluation and the data analysed. All the sections were also stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain for tumour typing and grading.In this study, the mean AgNOR (mAgNOR) score of normal squamous epithelium (50 cases) was 1.56 (range1.00-2.80), that of well differentiated squamous carcinoma (27 cases) was 3.29 (range 2.4-4.6), moderately differentiated squamous carcinoma (21 cases) was 4.29 (range 2.7-5.6) and of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (2 cases) was 5.21. The mAgNOR scores were statistically significant. Comparison of the percentage AgNOR (pAgNOR) scores between well differentiated and moderately differentiated carcinomas showed that all the pAgNOR values (1-9) were significant. However, pAgNOR 3 and pAgNOR 4 were most significant. Cut off values for pAgNOR score to differentiate between the various grades of squamous cell carcinomas could not be calculated due to lack of data on survival rates.AgNOR technique can definitely be used as a supportive tool to routinely performed Hemotoxylin and Eosin staining and may help in prognosis as well as therapeutic decision-making in squamous cell carcinomas. Studies of larger number of cases in a prospective study are needed to arrive at more substantial conclusions.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the difference in the silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) scores on aspiration smears from benign and malignant breast tumors, and to determine the feasibility of AgNOR staining as part of the cytological investigation of breast tumors. Settings: AgNOR scores were evaluated on aspiration smears and tissue sections from 42 breast tumor cases. Materials and Methods: Smears from 27 breast tumor cases and tissue sections from 15 surgically resected specimens were examined. Counting was performed on a small number of tumor cells (50 cells). Both the mean (mAgNOR) score and the AgNOR proliferative index (pAgNOR index) were assessed for each specimen. Statistical Analysis: Statistical evaluation was carried out using the Students' 't'-test. The result was considered significant when P Results and Conclusions: The mAgNOR score and pAgNOR index were significantly higher in smears from malignant tumors than in those from benign tumors (P = 0.01). These results were similar to those obtained for tissue sections and were comparable to established data. The determination of AgNOR scores on cell smears in a limited cell population has practical advantages.

Fifteen normal bone marrow aspirates were stained with the agyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) method. The results of the specific staining AgNORs as well as nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were analysed. A system was devised to characterise precisely the AgNORs present in the nuclei of bone marrow cells. Particular types of bone marrow cells had a characteristic AgNOR and non-AgNOR staining pattern. The bone marrow cells were identified easily and reliably with AgNOR staining and the method was especially useful for lymphocytes, plasma cells, erythroid cells, basophils/mast cells, monocytes and cells containing haemosiderin. The immature haemopoietic cells exhibited more and larger AgNORs than the more mature cells. It is concluded that AgNOR staining can be used to study bone marrow cells by providing additional information when used in conjunction with conventional stains.

The AgNOR technique was used to analyse 11 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ of the endocervix and five examples of healthy cervices to assess whether areas of "increased nuclear activity" could be located adjacent to the malignant tissue. Areas of adenocarcinoma in situ had significantly more AgNOR staining dots than apparently normal bordering areas ("transitional areas") and areas of endocervical epithelium remote from adenocarcinoma in situ. There were no significant differences between AgNOR counts in transitional areas and areas remote from adenocarcinoma in situ, and between these areas and histologically normal cervices. These observations provide no support for the hypothesis that areas of glandular atypia of lesser severity or zones of "increased nuclear activity" exist adjacent to adenocarcinoma in situ.