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1. On orbit performance of the GRACE Follow-On Laser Ranging Interferometer

Author

Abich, Klaus, Braxmaier, Claus, Gohlke, Martin, Sanjuan, Josep, Abramovici, Alexander, Okihiro, Brian Bachman, Barr, David C., Bize, Maxime P., Burke, Michael J., Clark, Ken C., de Vine, Glenn, Dickson, Jeffrey A., Dubovitsky, Serge, Folkner, William M., Francis, Samuel, Gilbert, Martin S., Katsumura, Mark, Klipstein, William, Larsen, Kameron, Liebe, Carl Christian, Liu, Jehhal, McKenzie, Kirk, Morton, Phillip R., Murray, Alexander T., Nguyen, Don J., Ravich, Joshua A., Shaddock, Daniel, Spero, Robert, Spiers, Gary, Sutton, Andrew, Trinh, Joseph, Wang, Duo, Wang, Rabi T., Ware, Brent, Woodruff, Christopher, Amparan, Bengie, Davis, Mike A., Howell, James, Kruger, Micah, Lobmeyer, Lynette, Pierce, Robert, Reavis, Gretchen, Sileo, Michael, Stephens, Michelle, Baatzsch, Andreas, Dahl, Christian, Dahl, Katrin, Gilles, Frank, Hager, Philipp, Herding, Mark, Kaufer, Marina, Nicklaus, Kolja, Voss, Kai, Bogan, Christina, Danzmann, Karsten, Barranco, Germán Fernández, Heinzel, Gerhard, Koch, Alexander, Mahrdt, Christoph, Misfeldt, Malte, Müller, Vitali, Reiche, Jens, Schütze, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Stede, Gunnar, Wegener, Henry, Eckardt, Andreas, Guenther, Burghardt, Mangoldt, Thomas, Zender, Bernd, Ester, Thomas, Heine, Frank, Seiter, Christoph, Windisch, Steve, Flatscher, Reinhold, Flechtner, Frank, Grossard, Nicolas, Hauden, Jerome, Hinz, Martin, Leikert, Thomas, Zimmermann, Marcus, Lebeda, Anton, and Lebeda, Arnold

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

The Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) instrument on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-On mission has provided the first laser interferometric range measurements between remote spacecraft, separated by approximately 220 km. Autonomous controls that lock the laser frequency to a cavity reference and establish the 5 degree of freedom two-way laser link between remote spacecraft succeeded on the first attempt. Active beam pointing based on differential wavefront sensing compensates spacecraft attitude fluctuations. The LRI has operated continuously without breaks in phase tracking for more than 50 days, and has shown biased range measurements similar to the primary ranging instrument based on microwaves, but with much less noise at a level of $1\,{\rm nm}/\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ at Fourier frequencies above 100 mHz.

Published
2019
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3. Resistive-based micro-kelvin temperature resolution for ultra-stable space experiments

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Roma Dollase, David, Gualani, Vivek, Gohlke, Martin, Abich, Klaus, Morales Krueger, Jordan, Gonzalvez Rubio, Alba, Martín Hernández, Víctor, Ramos Castro, Juan José, Sanjuán Muñoz, Josep, Nofrarias Serra, Miquel, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Roma Dollase, David, Gualani, Vivek, Gohlke, Martin, Abich, Klaus, Morales Krueger, Jordan, Gonzalvez Rubio, Alba, Martín Hernández, Víctor, Ramos Castro, Juan José, Sanjuán Muñoz, Josep, and Nofrarias Serra, Miquel

Abstract

High precision temperature measurements are a transversal need in a wide area of physical experiments. Space-borne gravitational wave detectors are a particularly challenging case, requiring both high precision and high stability in temperature measurement. In this contribution, we present a design able to reach 1 µK/Hz---v in most of the measuring band down to 1 mHz, and reaching 20 µK/Hz---v at 0.1 mHz. The scheme is based on resistive sensors in a Wheatstone bridge configuration which is AC modulated to minimize the 1/f noise. As a part of our study, we include the design of a test bench able to guarantee the high stability environment required for measurements. We show experimental results characterising both the test bench and the read-out, and discuss potential noise sources that may limit our measurement., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Published
2022

5. Resistive-Based Micro-Kelvin Temperature Resolution for Ultra-Stable Space Experiments.

Author

Roma-Dollase, David, Gualani, Vivek, Gohlke, Martin, Abich, Klaus, Morales, Jordan, Gonzalvez, Alba, Martín, Victor, Ramos-Castro, Juan, Sanjuan, Josep, and Nofrarias, Miquel

Subjects
GRAVITATIONAL wave detectors, PYROMETRY, PINK noise, WHEATSTONE bridge, TEMPERATURE
Abstract

High precision temperature measurements are a transversal need in a wide area of physical experiments. Space-borne gravitational wave detectors are a particularly challenging case, requiring both high precision and high stability in temperature measurement. In this contribution, we present a design able to reach 1 μ K / Hz in most of the measuring band down to 1 mHz, and reaching 20 μ K / Hz at 0.1 mHz. The scheme is based on resistive sensors in a Wheatstone bridge configuration which is AC modulated to minimize the 1/f noise. As a part of our study, we include the design of a test bench able to guarantee the high stability environment required for measurements. We show experimental results characterising both the test bench and the read-out, and discuss potential noise sources that may limit our measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. The principles, definition and dimensions of the new nutrition science

Author

Beauman, Christopher, Cannon, Geoffrey, Elmadfa, Ibrahim, Glasauer, Peter, Hoffmann, Ingrid, Keller, Markus, Krawinkel, Michael, Lang, Tim, Leitzmann, Claus, Lötsch, Bernd, Margetts, Barrie M, McMichael, Anthony J, Meyer-Abich, Klaus, Oltersdorf, Ulrich, Pettoello-Mantovani, Massimo, Sabaté, Joan, Shetty, Prakash, Sória, Marco, Spiekermann, Uwe, Tudge, Colin, Vorster, Hester H, Wahlqvist, Mark, and Zerilli-Marimò, Mariuccia

Published
2005

10. Long-term stable optical cavity for Special Relativity tests in space

Author

Sanjuan, Josep, Abich, Klaus, Gohlke, Martin, Resch, Andreas, Schuldt, Thilo, Wegehaupt, Timm, Barwood, Geoffrey P., Gill, Patrick, and Braxmaier, Claus

Subjects
Systems Enabling Technologies, cavity optical resonator frequency stabilization
Abstract

BOOST (BOOst Symmetry Test) is a proposed space mission to search for Lorentz invariance violations and aims to improve the Kennedy-Thorndike parameter constraint by two orders of magnitude. The mission consists of comparing two optical frequency references of different nature, an optical cavity and a hyperfine transition in molecular iodine, in a low Earth orbit. Naturally, the stability of the frequency references at the orbit period of 5400 s (f =0.18 mHz) is essential for the mission success. Here we present our experimental efforts to achieve the required fractional frequency stability of 7.4x10^(-14) Hz^(-1/2) at 0.18 mHz (in units of the square root of the power spectral density), using a high-finesse optical cavity. We have demonstrated a frequency stability of (9 +/- 3)x10^(-14) Hz^(-1/2) at 0.18 mHz, which corresponds to an Allan deviation of 10^(-14) at 5400 s. A thorough noise source breakdown is presented, which allows us to identify the critical aspects to consider for a future space-qualified optical cavity for BOOST. The major noise contributor at sub-milli-Hertz frequency was related to intensity fluctuations, followed by thermal noise and beam pointing. Other noise sources had a negligible effect on the frequency stability, including temperature fluctuations, which were strongly attenuated by a five-layer thermal shield.

Published
2019
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12. In-Orbit Performance of the GRACE Follow-on Laser Ranging Interferometer

Author

Abich, Klaus, Abramovici, Alexander, Amparan, Bengie, Baatzsch, Andreas, Bachmann Okihiro, Brian, Barr, David C., Bize, Maxime P., Bogan, Christina, Braxmaier, Claus, Burke, Michael J., Clark, Ken C., Dahl, Christian, Dahl, Katrin, Danzmann, Karsten, Davis, Mike A., De Vine, Glenn, Dickson, Jeffrey A., Dubovitsky, Serge, Eckardt, Andreas, Ester, Thomas, Barranco, Germán Fernández, Flatscher, Reinhold, Flechtner, Frank, Folkner, William M., Francis, Samuel, Gilbert, Martin S., Gilles, Frank, Gohlke, Martin, Grossard, Nicolas, Guenther, Burghardt, Hager, Philipp, Hauden, Jerome, Heine, Frank, Heinzel, Gerhard, Herding, Mark, Hinz, Martin, Howell, James, Katsumura, Mark, Kaufer, Marina, Klipstein, William, Koch, Alexander, Kruger, Micah, Larsen, Kameron, Lebeda, Anton, Lebeda, Arnold, Leikert, Thomas, Liebe, Carl Christian, Liu, Jehhal, Lobmeyer, Lynette, Mahrdt, Christoph, Mangoldt, Thomas, McKenzie, Kirk, Misfeldt, Malte, Morton, Philip R., Müller, Vitali, Murray, Alexander T., Nguyen, Don J., Nicklaus, Kolja, Pierce, Robert, Ravich, Joshua A., Reavis, Gretchen, Reiche, Jens, Sanjuan, Josep, Schütze, Daniel, Seiter, Christoph, Shaddock, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Sileo, Michael, Spero, Robert, Spiers, Gary, Stede, Gunnar, Stephens, Michelle, Sutton, Andrew, Trinh, Joseph, Voss, Kai, Wang, Duo, Wang, Rabi T., Ware, Brent, Wegener, Henry, Windisch, Steve, Woodruff, Christopher, Zender, Bernd, Zimmermann, Marcus, Abich, Klaus, Abramovici, Alexander, Amparan, Bengie, Baatzsch, Andreas, Bachmann Okihiro, Brian, Barr, David C., Bize, Maxime P., Bogan, Christina, Braxmaier, Claus, Burke, Michael J., Clark, Ken C., Dahl, Christian, Dahl, Katrin, Danzmann, Karsten, Davis, Mike A., De Vine, Glenn, Dickson, Jeffrey A., Dubovitsky, Serge, Eckardt, Andreas, Ester, Thomas, Barranco, Germán Fernández, Flatscher, Reinhold, Flechtner, Frank, Folkner, William M., Francis, Samuel, Gilbert, Martin S., Gilles, Frank, Gohlke, Martin, Grossard, Nicolas, Guenther, Burghardt, Hager, Philipp, Hauden, Jerome, Heine, Frank, Heinzel, Gerhard, Herding, Mark, Hinz, Martin, Howell, James, Katsumura, Mark, Kaufer, Marina, Klipstein, William, Koch, Alexander, Kruger, Micah, Larsen, Kameron, Lebeda, Anton, Lebeda, Arnold, Leikert, Thomas, Liebe, Carl Christian, Liu, Jehhal, Lobmeyer, Lynette, Mahrdt, Christoph, Mangoldt, Thomas, McKenzie, Kirk, Misfeldt, Malte, Morton, Philip R., Müller, Vitali, Murray, Alexander T., Nguyen, Don J., Nicklaus, Kolja, Pierce, Robert, Ravich, Joshua A., Reavis, Gretchen, Reiche, Jens, Sanjuan, Josep, Schütze, Daniel, Seiter, Christoph, Shaddock, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Sileo, Michael, Spero, Robert, Spiers, Gary, Stede, Gunnar, Stephens, Michelle, Sutton, Andrew, Trinh, Joseph, Voss, Kai, Wang, Duo, Wang, Rabi T., Ware, Brent, Wegener, Henry, Windisch, Steve, Woodruff, Christopher, Zender, Bernd, and Zimmermann, Marcus

Abstract

The Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) instrument on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-On mission has provided the first laser interferometric range measurements between remote spacecraft, separated by approximately 220 km. Autonomous controls that lock the laser frequency to a cavity reference and establish the 5 degrees of freedom two-way laser link between remote spacecraft succeeded on the first attempt. Active beam pointing based on differential wave front sensing compensates spacecraft attitude fluctuations. The LRI has operated continuously without breaks in phase tracking for more than 50 days, and has shown biased range measurements similar to the primary ranging instrument based on microwaves, but with much less noise at a level of 1 nm/Hz at Fourier frequencies above 100 mHz. © 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

Published
2019

17. GRACE-Follow on Laser Ranging Interferometer: German contribution

Author

Abich, Klaus, Bogan, Christina, Braxmaier, Claus, Danzmann, Karsten, Dehne, Marina, Gohlke, Martin, Görth, Alexander, Heinzel, Gerhard, Herding, Mark, Mahrdt, Christoph, Müller, Vitali, Nicklaus, Kolja, Sanjuan, Josep, Schütze, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Stede, Gunnar, Voss, Kai, Abich, Klaus, Bogan, Christina, Braxmaier, Claus, Danzmann, Karsten, Dehne, Marina, Gohlke, Martin, Görth, Alexander, Heinzel, Gerhard, Herding, Mark, Mahrdt, Christoph, Müller, Vitali, Nicklaus, Kolja, Sanjuan, Josep, Schütze, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Stede, Gunnar, and Voss, Kai

Abstract

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) is a joint US/German mission that has been mapping the Earth's gravity field since 2002 by measuring the distance variations between two spacecraft using a micro-wave link. GRACE is reaching the end of its lifetime. For this reason and in order to minimize data gaps, an almost identical mission will be launched in 2017. This mission is called GRACE-Follow On (GRACE-FO) and it will include an additional instrument as a technological demonstrator to monitor distance changes between the spacecraft. This instrument is the Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI), which is based on heterodyne laser interferometry at 1064 nm and takes advantage of many technologies developed for LISA. In this paper a short overview of the current status of the German contribution is presented.

Published
2015

18. GRACE-Follow On Laser Ranging Interferometer: German contribution

Author

Abich, Klaus, primary, Bogan, Christina, additional, Braxmaier, Claus, additional, Danzmann, Karsten, additional, Dehne, Marina, additional, Gohlke, Martin, additional, Görth, Alexander, additional, Heinzel, Gerhard, additional, Herding, Mark, additional, Mahrdt, Christoph, additional, Müller, Vitali, additional, Nicklaus, Kolja, additional, Sanjuan, Josep, additional, Schütze, Daniel, additional, Sheard, Benjamin, additional, Stede, Gunnar, additional, and Voss, Kai, additional

Published
2015
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19. Nachhaltigkeit: ein kulturelles, bisher aber chancenloses Wirtschaftsziel

Author

Meyer-Abich, Klaus Michael and Meyer-Abich, Klaus Michael

Abstract

"In dem Gegensatz von 'schwacher' und 'starker' Nachhaltigkeit geht die schwache nicht weit genug zum Schutz der Natur, die 'starke' hingegen zu weit, weil sie der Wirtschaft unnötig scharfe Grenzen setzen würde. Sinnvoller wäre das positive Ziel, die Wirtschaft zu rekultivieren. Dem steht allerdings das Dreisäulentheorem der Gleichgewichtigkeit ökologischer, sozialer und ökonomischer Ziele entgegen. Hierzu wird eine radikale Anhebung der Erbschaftssteuer vorgeschlagen." (Autorenreferat), "'Weak sustainability' is as clear as economics but cannot sustain nature and would lead us into a world of swimming pools instead of beaches and fitness centres instead of walking paths. 'Strong sustainability', on the other hand, is too strong a limitation and politically weak because it sets limits instead of conceiving better goals such as re-cultivating the economy. Cultural sustainability is pointed out as a positive orientation. This, however, is not compatible with giving equal weight so ecological, social, and economic goals because capital is not aging. A solution can be found in radical increased inheritance taxes." (author's abstract)

Published
2013

21. Ist der Mensch etwas Besonderes in der Gemeinschaft der Natur? : das kleine und das größere Selbst

Author

Meyer-Abich, Klaus Michael

Subjects
Generalities
Abstract

Die Industrieländer leben zu Lasten der Natur, zu Lasten der Dritten Welt und zu Lasten der Nachwelt. So geht es nicht weiter. Was statt dessen zu tun wäre, ist bekannt. Trotzdem geschieht es nicht. Es geschieht nicht, weil wir noch nicht verstanden haben, wie wir zur Gemeinschaft der Natur gehören. Wir halten uns sozusagen für etwas Besseres als die Natur, aber das sind wir nicht. Wir sind Mensch gewordene Natur und sind dem Ganzen der Natur schuldig, wofür wir gut sind.

Published
1999

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