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11. Multi-Level System to Assess Toxicity in Water Distribution Plants

Author

Magara, Gabriele, primary, Varello, Katia, additional, Pastorino, Paolo, additional, Francese, Danila Raffaella, additional, Arsieni, Paola, additional, Pezzolato, Marzia, additional, Masoero, Loretta, additional, Messana, Erika, additional, Caldaroni, Barbara, additional, Abete, Maria Cesarina, additional, Pederiva, Sabina, additional, Squadrone, Stefania, additional, Elia, Antonia Concetta, additional, Prearo, Marino, additional, and Bozzetta, Elena, additional

Published
2022
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12. Occurrence of trace elements in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) from an experimental pilot farm in the Calich Lagoon (Sardinia, Italy)

Author

Meloni, Domenico, primary, Mudadu, Alessandro Graziano, additional, Abete, Maria Cesarina, additional, Bazzoni, Anna Maria, additional, Griglione, Alessandra, additional, Pederiva, Sabina, additional, Stella, Caterina, additional, Serra, Simonetto, additional, Fois, Nicola, additional, Esposito, Giuseppe, additional, and Squadrone, Stefania, additional

Published
2022
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15. Ecology of oxidative stress in the Danube barbel (Barbus balcanicus) from a winegrowing district: Effects of water parameters, trace and rare earth elements on biochemical biomarkers

Author

Barceló, Damià [0000-0002-8873-0491], Pastorino, Paolo, Pizzul, Elisabetta, Barceló, Damià, Abete, Maria Cesarina, Magara, Gabriele, Brizio, Paola, Avolio, Rosa, Bertoli, Marco, Dondo, Alessandro, Prearo, Marino, Concetta Elia, Antonia, Barceló, Damià [0000-0002-8873-0491], Pastorino, Paolo, Pizzul, Elisabetta, Barceló, Damià, Abete, Maria Cesarina, Magara, Gabriele, Brizio, Paola, Avolio, Rosa, Bertoli, Marco, Dondo, Alessandro, Prearo, Marino, and Concetta Elia, Antonia

Abstract

Fish can be highly vulnerable to environmental pressures because they are exposed to oxidative stressors in the aquatic environment. Such stressors can affect the levels of antioxidant biomarkers against reactive oxygen species (ROS). With this study we investigated the oxidative stress ecology in Danube barbel (Barbus balcanicus) from the Barbucina creek (northeast Italy), a watercourse in the Collio winegrowing district. To do this, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was measured in gills, liver, and muscle, while metallothioneins (MT) and trace and rare earth elements (REEs) levels were determined in muscle. The effect of environmental factors (physicochemical parameters of water, trace elements and REEs) on oxidative stress biomarkers was thus assessed. High concentrations were determined for cerium (Ce), scandium (Sc), neodymium (Nd), lanthanum (La), yttrium (Y), and praseodymium (Pr) among the REEs. Among the trace elements, arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and mercury (Hg) levels were higher compared to published data, suggesting their role as stressors. The multiple linear regression (MLR) model showed a statistically significant association (R2 = 0.858; F = 10.07; p = 0.015) between As, Cu, Hg, and Pr and SOD activity in the gills, indicating a functional relationship between them. Differently, CAT activity was significantly higher in the liver, probably in response to long-term Cu contamination of the watercourse. This was confirmed by the MLR model that showed a significant association (R2 = 0.638; F = 8.152; p = 0.02) between the concentration of MT and of Cu. Our data show a biochemical defensive response by Danube barbel to the disturbances in the aquatic ecosystem of the Barbucina creek. These insights advance our understanding of the role and the effects of environmental factors as trace elements and REEs on oxidative stress in fish.

Published
2021

22. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in marine sediment of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (Italy)

Author

CANNARSA, Sigfrido, ABETE, Maria Cesarina, ZANARDİ, Mauro, and SQUADRONE, Stefania

Subjects
Key words: PAHs,sediment,Ligurian Sea,GC-MS,pollution
Abstract

The presence and distribution of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) priority pollutant listed by US EPA (Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benzo[a]anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene) were investigated in sediments from 35 stations of the Ligurian coast (Northern Italy). Results were shown as total PAH concentrations (PAHs) and molecular indices based on ratios of selected PAH concentrations were used to differentiate PAHs from pyrogenic and petrogenic origin. Analysis was performed by gas/chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Total PAHs concentrations ranged from 1113 to 17006 ng/g of dry matrix. PAH profiles varied according to the nature of the site and its proximity to sources; in general, the contamination levels of total PAHs were similar to those observed in contaminated and slightly contaminated sediments of the Mediterranean Sea. In some cases the concentration of contaminants is influenced by physical circulation processes that raise the concentrations of anthropogenic pollutants offshore an order of magnitude higher than those near industrial and harbors activities.

Published
2015

24. Evaluation of Trace Elements in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) from a Suburban Area of Naples, Italy: The "Triangle of Death".

Author

Roma, Antonella De, Abete, Maria Cesarina, Brizio, Paola, Picazio, Giuseppe, Caiazzo, Marcello, D'auria, Jacopo Luigi, and Esposito, Mauro

Subjects
*INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry, *SUBURBS, *POTATOES, *TRACE elements, *MASS analysis (Spectrometry)
Abstract

Human exposure to contaminated food is a general health concern worldwide; it is necessary to evaluate food safety with respect to contaminants present in the edible parts of major food crops. This study evaluated the concentrations of 17 trace elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, and Zn) from 51 potato plantations in the Campania region, inside the area known as the "Triangle of Death," with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. Results confirm that the potatoes collected from the suburban area of Naples contained concentrations of trace elements below the safe limits prescribed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. The concentrations of elements were similar to those reported for potatoes grown in other countries. Monitoring the content of toxic and potentially toxic elements is one of the most important aspects of food quality assurance. The environmental persistence of metals may result in the accumulation of significant levels of these contaminants in plants. They are absorbed to different extents, depending on their source, soil and climatic factors, plant genotype, and agrotechnical conditions, thereby entering the food chain and representing a risk to human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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30. Pilot project to set up a control programme on fishery products

Author

Richelmi, Guia Benedetta, primary, Pezzolato, Marzia, additional, Gili, Stefano, additional, Gallina, Silvia, additional, Decastelli, Lucia, additional, Tarasco, Renata, additional, Abete, Maria Cesarina, additional, Ingravalle, Francesco, additional, Serracca, Laura, additional, Pavino, Davide, additional, Vivaldi, Barbara, additional, Riina, Maria Vittoria, additional, Acutis, Pier Luigi, additional, Prearo, Marino, additional, Caramelli, Maria, additional, and Bozzetta, Elena, additional

Published
2013
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41. Osteocyte lacunae features in different chicken bones.

Author

Domenis, Lorenzo, Squadrone, Stefania, Marchis, Daniela, and Abete, Maria Cesarina

Subjects
OSTEOCYTES, BONE cells, ANIMAL feeds, POULTRY, EPIPHYSIS
Abstract

Directive 2003/126/EC defines the method for the determination of constituents of animal origin for official control of feedingstuffs. One of the hardest problems for microscopist is the differentiation between mammalian and poultry bones on the basis of some characteristics as colour and borders of the fragments, shape and density of osteocyte lacunae. The shape of osteocyte lacuna in poultry and mammals is often described in different way, elliptic or roundish according with the Author(s). The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of lacunae in chicken bones of different type. For this purpose, smashed fragments and histological sections of the same bone were compared in order to evaluate the microscopic aspect of lacunae in different breaking and trimming planes. According to the observations carried out, it was possible to infer that chicken osteocyte has a biconvex lens shape; however the different arrangement and some size variation of the osteocytes in the several bone segments influence the microscopic features of corresponding lacunae. Chicken bone is made of a parallel-fibered tissue, without osteons. This structure probably determines the plane fracture of the bone and consequently the different aspect of lacunae (from spindle-shaped to elliptic-roundish) we can see in chicken derived PAP (processed animal protein). For example, in the fragments obtained from smashed diaphysis, the prevalence of spindle-shaped lacunae is depending on the preferential breaking of the bone along longitudinal plane. Likewise, for the epiphysis, being made mostly by bone trabeculae with strange directions, the breaking happens along different planes, creating lacunae of various shape. Performing the official check of animal feedingstuffs, the presence of bone fragments with roundish or elliptic osteocyte lacunae induces the analyst to thinking that the meat and bone meal comes respectively from mammals and poultry or vice versa depending to the reference Author(s); apart from the final evaluation (also based on some other features of the fragments), it is important to consider that the chicken bones could show lacunae of different shapes (spindle, elliptic and roundish), in accordance with the type and the breaking of the involved skeleton segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

42. Macrobenthic invertebrates as bioindicators of trace elements in high-mountain lakes

Author

Paolo Pastorino, Elisabetta Pizzul, Marino Prearo, Selene Perilli, Gianguido Salvi, Maria Cesarina Abete, Giuseppe Esposito, Marco Bertoli, Paola Brizio, Stefania Squadrone, Pastorino, Paolo, Pizzul, Elisabetta, Bertoli, Marco, Perilli, Selene, Brizio, Paola, Salvi, Gianguido, Esposito, Giuseppe, Abete, Maria Cesarina, Prearo, Marino, and Squadrone, Stefania

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, Alpine lakes, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Bioconcentration, 010501 environmental sciences, BAF, Chironomidae, Hirudinea, Oligochaeta, 01 natural sciences, Metals, Heavy, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Ecosystem, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Alpine lake, Environmental Biomarkers, biology, Sediment, Biota, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Invertebrates, Pollution, Trace Elements, Lakes, Italy, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Bioindicator, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Alpine lakes are extreme ecosystems located in remote areas and populated by few but well-adapted species. Because of their remote location, they are often considered pristine, unpolluted ecosystems. Since the 1980s, however, they have been affected by global anthropogenic impacts. Macrobenthic invertebrates play a pivotal role in these ecosystems and can be used as bioindicators also for monitoring the accumulation of trace elements. We characterized the macrobenthic invertebrates community of Balma Lake (Cottian Alps, Northwest Italy) and Dimon Lake (Carnic Alps, Northeast Italy) in summer and autumn and measured the levels of nine trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) in the most abundant taxa (Chironomidae and Oligochaeta in both lakes and Hirudinea in Dimon Lake) in both seasons. The highest levels of trace elements were recorded for Fe, Cu, and Zn according to their environmental availability and their function as essential elements. The total amount of trace elements was highest for the Chironomidae from both lakes compared to the other two taxa. As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were measured in sediment to calculate bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values. The amount of elements in sediment and macrobenthic invertebrates was higher for Dimon Lake, suggesting a greater flux via precipitation of contaminants from the lowland. The BAF values were decreased with increasing trace elements concentration in sediment, indicating mechanisms of elements excretion in biota where the environment is contaminated. This study is the first to report on the use of macrobenthic invertebrates to monitor trace elements in Alpine lakes.

Published
2019

43. The bivalve Ruditapes decussatus: A biomonitor of trace elements pollution in Sardinian coastal lagoons (Italy)

Author

Antonio Pais, Marino Prearo, Domenico Meloni, Giuseppe Esposito, Paolo Pastorino, Martino Mantia, Stefania Squadrone, Elisabetta Antuofermo, Maria Cesarina Abete, Giorgio Colombero, Esposito, Giuseppe, Domenico, Meloni, Abete, Maria Cesarina, Colombero, Giorgio, Mantia, Martino, Pastorino, Paolo, Prearo, Marino, Pais, Antonio, Antuofermo, Elisabetta, and Squadrone, Stefania

Subjects
Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, Sewage, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Arsenic, Food safety, Ruditapes decussatus, Metals, Heavy, Mediterranean Sea, Aluminium, Animals, Bivalve mollusc, Shellfish, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Trace elements, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Brackish water, business.industry, Estuary, Mercury, General Medicine, Ruditapes decussatu, Bivalvia, Mercury (element), Italy, chemistry, Metals, Bioaccumulation, Environmental chemistry, Trace element, Environmental science, Environmental Pollution, business, Bioindicator, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Cadmium, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The anthropogenic contamination of water bodies with metals via fertilizer, industrial sewage and urban wastewater has resulted in widespread problems in aquatic organisms, but also poses a risk to consumer health. Shellfish from coastal and estuarine environments bioaccumulate toxic metals in their tissues due to their ability to concentrate inorganic contaminants several orders of magnitude above ambient levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of trace elements in adult specimens of indigenous clams (Ruditapes decussatus). To this end, wild clams were collected from four different brackish areas of Sardinia (Western Mediterranean Sea, Italy) devoted to extensive aquacultural practices. The concentration of 16 trace elements (Al, Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Tl and Zn) in the tissues of the clams was quantified. The legal limits set by European Regulations for cadmium; mercury and lead were never exceeded. However, unexpectedly high values for aluminium and iron (mean 207 mg kg⁻1 and 113 mg kg⁻1 wet weight) were found in Santa Gilla lagoon, which is close to industrial settlements and had the highest values for the majority of chemical elements investigated. The highest values of the metalloid arsenic (As) were reported in the Porto Pozzo and San Teodoro lagoons (9.6 and 6.8 mg kg⁻1 w.w., respectively). The clam R. decussatus confirmed the capacity of bivalves as suitable bioindicators of trace elements pollution. Further investigations are necessary for constant monitoring of clams, 32 which constitute an important traditional resource for the fishing activity in Sardinia.

Published
2018

44. Accumulation of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in sediment, chironomids and fish from a high-mountain lake: First insights from the Carnic Alps

Author

Elisabetta Pizzul, Gianguido Salvi, Antonia Concetta Elia, Alessandro Dondo, Maria Cesarina Abete, Marino Prearo, Paolo Pastorino, Annalisa Zaccaroni, Marco Bertoli, Pastorino, Paolo, Prearo, Marino, Bertoli, Marco, Abete, Maria Cesarina, Dondo, Alessandro, Salvi, Gianguido, Zaccaroni, Annalisa, Elia, Antonia Concetta, Pizzul, Elisabetta, Cesarina Abete, Maria, and Concetta Elia, Antonia

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental pollution, Bioconcentration, Chemical, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Chironomidae, Arsenic, Cottus gobio, Diptera Chironomidae, Sediment, Trace element, Trophic transfer factor, parasitic diseases, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Gobio, Ecosystem, Water Pollutants, bioaccumulation factor, Cottus gobio, Diptera Chironomidae, sediment, trace element, trophic transfer factor, Waste Management and Disposal, Bioaccumulation factor, Cottus, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Ecology, Fishes, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Lakes, Zinc, Cadmium, Environmental Monitoring, Lead, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental science
Abstract

Though mountain lakes are generally much less influenced by human activities than other habitats, anthropogenic threats can still alter their natural condition. A major source of global environmental pollution in mountain ecosystems is trace element contamination. For this study we investigated for the first time the accumulation of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in sediment, Diptera Chironomidae (prey), and bullhead Cottus gobio (predator) in a typical high-mountain lake (Dimon Lake) in the Carnic Alps. Significant differences in trace element levels were observed between sediment, Diptera Chironomidae, and C. gobio liver and muscle samples (Kruskal-Wallis test; p < 0.03 for all elements). As and Pb levels were highest in sediment, Cd and Zn levels were highest in Diptera Chironomidae, and the lowest values for all elements were measured in C. gobio muscle and liver. Bioaccumulation factor values were much higher in Diptera Chironomidae than fish muscle and liver, with the highest values recorded for Cd (5.16) and Zn (4.37). Trophic transfer factor values were very low for all elements in fish muscle and liver, suggesting a biodilution effect along the food chain. Further studies are needed to expand on these first findings that provide useful insights to inform environmental monitoring and policy in remote high-mountain lakes

Published
2020

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