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We have investigated the average P-wave travel-time residuals for some stations around Southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore at regional distances. Six years (January, 2010–December, 2015) record of events from central and northern Sumatra was obtained from the digital seismic archives of Integrated Research Institute for Seismology (IRIS). The criteria used for the data selection are designed to be above the magnitude of mb 4.5, depth less than 200 km and an epicentral distance shorter than 1000 km. Within this window a total number of 152 earthquakes were obtained. Furthermore, data were filtered based on the clarity of the seismic phases that are manually picked. A total of 1088 P-wave arrivals and 962 S-wave arrivals were hand-picked from 10 seismic stations around the Peninsula. Three stations IPM, KUM, and KOM from Peninsular Malaysia, four stations BTDF, NTU, BESC and KAPK from Singapore and three stations SURA, SRIT and SKLT located in the southern part of Thailand are used. Station NTU was chosen as the Ref. station because it recorded the large number of events. Travel-times were calculated using three 1-D models (Preliminary Ref. Earth Model PREM (Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981, IASP91, and Lienert et al., 1986) and an adopted two-point ray tracing algorithm. For the three models, we corroborate our calculated travel-times with the results from the use of TAUP travel-time calculation software. Relative to station NTU, our results show that the average P wave travel-time residual for PREM model ranges from −0.16 to 0.45 s for BESC and IPM respectively. For IASP91 model, the average residual ranges from −0.25 to 0.24 s for SRIT and SKLT respectively, and ranges from −0.22 to 0.30 s for KAPK and IPM respectively for Lienert et al. (1986) model. Generally, most stations have slightly positive residuals relative to station NTU. These corrections reflect the difference between actual and estimated model velocities along ray paths to stations and can compensate for heterogeneous velocity structure near individual stations. The computed average travel-time residuals can reduce errors attributable to station correction in the inversion of hypocentral parameters around the Peninsula. Due to the heterogeneity occasioned by the numerous fault systems, a better 1-D velocity model for the Peninsula is desired for more reliable hypocentral inversion and other seismic investigations.

Metot dogrulanmasi, amaca en uygun ve kabul edilebilir nitelikte sonuclari uretecek analitik metodun ortaya cikarilmasi surecidir. Dogrulanmis metodun hedefi bu metotla yapilmis sonuclara guvenirlik saglamaktadir. Laboratuvar, standart olmayan metotlari, laboratuvar tarafindan gelistirilen veya tasarlanan metotlari gecerli kilmalidir. Dogrulama calismalari yeni bir cihaz devreye girdiginde ya da yeni kimyasallarda onemli bir degisiklik oldugunda da yapilmalidir. Yontem yeni bir personel tarafindan uygulanir. Uzun suredir kullanilmayan ancak kullanilmasina gereksinim duyulan bir dogrulama yonteminin laboratuvar sonuclarini etkiledigi dusunulur. Laboratuvarlarin, analitik metotlarin secimi ve kullanimi icin bir yontem ve prosedur belirlemeleri gereklidir. Metot, kesinlik, dogruluk, secicilik, hassasiyet, tekrar edilebilirlik ve kararlilik icin gerekli minimum standartlari basarili bir bicimde karsilamali ya da asmalidir.

Tertiary institutions (e.g., Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education) are expected to manage and preserve data of both present and past students. These data include general information about students as well as examination results at any or all stages of studentship. Analysis of student data can be used to inform solutions to a wide variety of educational challenges like exploring group differences, gender representation, ethnic representation, and growth over time. However, data management and examination result computation of large population of students can be rigorous time-consuming and prone to errors. Information management technology offers a comprehensive portfolio of students’ academic record to be available in real-time to students and professionals. That a comprehensive solution for use in many tertiary institutions is not yet common presents a unique opportunity for researchers to help shape the future of this technology. We introduce a Fortran algorithm for Data Analysis and Result Computation (DARC). The algorithm analyzes student data as well as computes examination results of all students in a department at once. DARC reads particular spreadsheet formats of students’ information data, semester scores and previous academic records, after which it outputs, among others, analysis of students information, comprehensive result format for students showing grade point averages(GPA) and updated cumulative grade point averages (CGPA), summary of academic records including log of carry over courses, log of carry over courses that have been cleared, log of outstanding courses and log of outstanding courses that have been cleared. Using synthetic record of some students, we validate the reliability of the algorithm by conducting accuracy tests. The algorithm is flexible and can be suitably modified to manage and preserve academic and general records of both present and past students in any tertiary institution.

When only direct-waves are inadequate, different combinations of both direct- and refracted-waves are used to determine hypocentral parameters of local earthquakes. Compared with only direct-waves, the addition of refracted-waves tends to increase errors of hypocentral parameters. This is true especially when the velocity structure of the region under investigation is not known. We use an accurate and fast algorithm to determine the hypocentral parameters based on an optimum 1-D velocity model yielding a minimum misfit error in media with multiple refracted-waves as first arrivals. Using the algorithm, we relocated earthquakes that occurred beneath the Parkfield region of California during the period between January 2000 and December 2000. The shallow part of the velocity model used in the study area has high velocity contrast among layers. Therefore, refracted-waves are recorded as first-arrival phases at most stations around the region for events of shallow focal depths (less than 3km). The study area covers the transition between the creeping segment of San Andreas Fault (SAF) to the northwest and the locked segment to the southeast. Accuracy test for the algorithm was conducted using some reference models. We compare the inverted hypocentral parameters with those determined by previous studies using HYPOINVERSE and the HypoDD. The epicentral distributions of the three methods show a close relationship with the regional fault distribution. However, compared to HypoDD, the epicentral distribution of HYPOINVERSE shifted slightly along the fault lines while the epicentral distribution of VELHYPO moved further in the same direction. The result of VELHYPO suggests that the dip of San Andreas Fault is 6-10 o SW while the results of HPOINVERSE and HypoDD suggest that the dip of San Andreas Fault is nearly vertical and/or 3-7 o NE. This study supports the result of previous studies that San Andreas Fault is non

Melen Nehrindeki araştırmalar fi toplankton topluluğu ve mevsimsel değişimini ortaya koymak için yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma Mayıs 2003 ve Nisan 2004’te altı istasyonda aylık olarak sürdürülmüştür. Fitoplankton bolluğu ve biyoması kış aylarında düşük, ilkbahar sonu ve yaz aylarında yüksek değerlerde kaydedilmiştir. Peridinium sp.’ye ait ilkbahar pik değerleri 534,38 × 105 birey L-1 ve 7384,8 mm3 L-1’dir. En yaygın diyatom türü olan Cyclostephanos dubius, birinci ve ikinci istasyonlarda debinin düşük olduğu erken yaz aylarında iyi gelişim göstermiştir (214,29 × 105 birey L-1 ve 9,84 × 105 birey L-1). Chlorophyll-a konsantrasyonları 0,86-64,2 ?g L-1 arasında kaydedilmiştir. Cyanophyta Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Dinophyta, Euglenophyta, Heterokontophyta, Streptophyta ve Xanthophyta’ ya ait toplam 135 takson teşhis edilmiştir. Birinci ve ikinci istasyonların toplam biyoması Dinophyta, diğer istasyonlar ise Bacillariophyta tarafından karakterize edilmiştir. Peridinium, Ceratium, Phacus, Cyclostephanos ve Melosira cinsleri toplam fi toplankton bolluğunun %70’ini oluşturmuştur. Fitoplankton bolluğu, klorofi l a ve sıcaklık ile önemli pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir (sırasıyla, r = 0,57 and r = 0,78, P < 0,05). Tür zenginliği ve diversity indisleri nehir boyunca giderek artmıştır. A series of studies were carried out to determine the succession and phytoplankton community of the Melen River in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. Th e study was conducted at 6 stations at monthly intervals between May 2003 and April 2004. It was observed that the abundance and biovolume of phytoplankton were low in winter, though higher values were recorded in late spring and summer. Among the values noted, the spring peak was 534.38 x 105 ind. L-1 and 7384.8 mm3 L-1 belonging to Peridinium sp. Th e most common diatom, Cyclostephanos dubius, was favoured by low discharge at stations 1 and 2 in the early summer (214.29 x 105 ind. L-1 and 9.84 x 105 ind. L-1), respectively. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were between 0.86 and 64.2 µg L-1. A total of 135 taxa belonging to Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Dinophyta, Euglenophyta, Heterokontophyta, Streptophyta, and Xanthophyta were identifi ed. Th e total biomass of the stations 1 and 2 was mainly characterised by Dinophyta and at other stations by Bacillariophyta. Five major genera (Peridinium, Ceratium, Phacus, Cyclostephanos, and Melosira) accounted for over 70% of the total phytoplankton abundance. Phytoplankton abundance was signifi cant and positively correlated with Chl-a and temperature (r = 0.57 and r = 0.78, respectively P < 0.05). Species richness and diversity indices increased gradually throughout the course of the river.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used in this study to identify and determine spectral features of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck 1890 and Scenedesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kutzing 1833. Two cultures were grown in a chemically-defined media under photoautotrophic culture conditions isolated from eutrophic freshwater lake in Ankara. For FTIR analyses, a view from the transmission region between 4000 and 500 cm -1 on the microscope was chosen. All FTIR spectra showed a closely similar sequence of 11 distinct bands and were assigned a range of vibrationally active chemical groups, including residual water (–OH), lipid (–CH2), cellulose (–C=O), protein (amide), nucleic acid (>P=O) and starch (–C–O). The nonparametric (Spearman) correlations revealed a high level of correlations between certain bands. Comparison of band intensities (normalized to amide I) using Mann-Whitney test demonstrated major differences in relative band intensities, with bands 1, 3 and 5 to 11 showing significant differences between the two algal species at the 99% significant level. While bands 8, 9 and 10 showed the highest variations (CV>30%) in C. vulgaris, bands 1, 2, 3 and 7 with the highest variations (CV>30%) in S. obliquus. The results show that FTIR technique has the potential to become applicable for the determination of single cell biomass composition from phytoplankton communities.

The research on the algae of the Lower Euphrates Basin of the South East Anatolian Region was done between November 2001 and August 2003 at twenty one stations each, on four different habitats (plankton, epipelon, epifithon, epilithon). Due to the density level of species, Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophycophyta were conspicous. A bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa was observed in Ataturk and Halfeti Reservoirs in September 2002. In the same period, Cyclotella ocellata, in May 2003 Cyclostephanos dubius, and in August the same year, It could be said that Ceratium hirundinella species were close to bloom level. High density diatoms were found more in plankton. Species such as Oscillatoria spp., Spirogyra spp. and Lyngbya spp. were observed to be more wide-spread than the others. Species such as Oscillatoria spp., Leiblenia epiphytica and Phormidium mucicola increased in abundance in February and September in running waters. Within these months, water temperature in the region ranged between 18-22 °C. According to some chemical and biological data, the basin was mesotrophic while some streams with sewage inputs, were observed to have eutrophic characteristics.

WOS: 000293210300008 The research on the algae of the Lower Euphrates Basin of the South East Anatolian Region was done between November 2001 and August 2003 at twenty one stations each, on four different habitats (plankton, epipelon, epifithon, epilithon). Due to the density level of species, Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophycophyta were conspicous. A bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa was observed in Ataturk and Halfeti Reservoirs in September 2002. In the same period, Cyclotella ocellata, in May 2003 Cyclostephanos dubius, and in August the same year. It could be said that Ceratium hirundinella species were close to bloom level. High density diatoms were found more in plankton. Species such as Oscillatoria spp., Spirogyra spp. and Lyngbya spp. were observed to be more wide-spread than the others. Species such as Oscillatoria spp., Leiblenia epiphytica and Phormidium mucicola increased in abundance in February and September in running waters. Within these months, water temperature in the region ranged between 18-22 degrees C. According to some chemical and biological data, the basin was mesotrophic while some streams with sewage inputs, were observed to have eutrophic characteristics. TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TBAG-2046 (101047)] The study was supported by TUBITAK Project No. TBAG-2046 (101047).

In dit levensbericht van P.C. Sikkema schetsen Ulrich Abel, Paul L. Butzer en Frans Schurer zijn loopbaan en wetenschappelijk onderzoek. Sikkema heeft in Groningen gewerkt aan differentiaaloperatoren en differentiaalvergelijkingen, en vervolgens in Delft aan approximatietheorie. In dit artikel is een representatieve selectie van zijn publicaties te vinden, aangevuld met enige verwante literatuur.

Einleitung: Bei vielen onkologischen Studien in frühen klinischen Phasen besteht die Gefahr der toxischen Reaktion von Patienten auf die Prüfsubstanz(en). Aus diesem Grund wurde ein Simulationsprogramm zum Studienabbruchrisiko aufgrund von Toxizität erstellt. Das Programm kann für[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 54. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (gmds)

Alg örneklemeleri, Aşağı Fırat Havzası içerisindeki baraj göllerinden ve nehir sistemlerinden yapılmıştır. Türkiye tatlısu algleri için on sekiz yeni kayıt verilmiştir. Bunlar içerisinden beşi Cyanophyta, Onu Chlorophyta, biri Xanthophyta ve ikisi Bacillariophyta bölümlerine aittir. Algae samples were collected from important dam lakes and running waters of the Lower Euphrates Basin. Eighteen new records of Turkish freshwater algae were identified. Among these new records, 5 belong to Cyanophyta, 10 to Chlorophyta, 1 to Xanthophyta, and 2 to Bacillariophyta.

KİRMİR ÇAYI BAClLLARİOPYHTA DIŞINDAKİ ALGLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Abel U. UDOH GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ Ağustos 1997 ÖZET Kirmir Çayı Bacillariopyhta dışındaki algleri Ocak 1996-Ocak 1997 tarihleri arasında seçilen 4 istasyondaki farklı habitatlara ait örnekler ( Epipelik, Epifıtik, Epilitik, Planktan) alınan örneklerde incelenmiştir.Çayda Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta ve Chrysophyta divisiolarına ait toplam 88 takson tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan 45 tanesi Chlorophyta, 29 tanesi Cyanophyta, 10 tanesi Euglenophyta ve 2 tanesi de Chrysophyta üyelerine aittir. Bilim Kodu : 224.08.01 Anahtar Kelimeler :Kirmir Çayı, Algler, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta Sayfa Adedi : 37 Tez Yöneticisi Prof. Dr. Kazım YILDIZ A STUDY OF THE ALGAE OF KIRMIR STREAM WITH THE EXCEPTION OF BACILLARIOPHYTA ( M.Sc.Thesis ) ABEL U. UDOH GAZl UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY August 1997 ABSTRACT In this study, the algae of Kirmir stream with the exception of Bacillariophyta were studied between January 1996 and January 1997 on samples of different habitats taken from four selected stations ( Epipelik, Epifitik, Epiliktik and plankton). A total of 88 species were identified in the stream. 45 species belong to Chlorophyta, 29 to Cyanophyta, 10 to Euglenophyta and 2 to Chrysophyta divisions. Species belonging to Chlorophyta made up 52 % of the total number of species. Science Code : 224.08.01 Key Words :Kirmir Stream, Algae, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta. Number of pages : 37 Thesis Supervisor :Prof. Dr. Kazım YILDIZ 37