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Crime is a social phenomenon in almost every country. The increasing of crime incidents every now and then could instigate recurrence of crimes. The integration of prison inmates into society after release is a challenging phase to start anew outside the iron curtain. As such, this group might tend to return to prison. Therefore, this study aims to explore recidivism among recidivists towards employability. The design of this study is narrative by using a qualitative approach and aided by a semi-structured interview protocol to facilitate the data collection process. A total of 5 recidivists from a prison around the southern zone were selected as study participants. The interviews obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study found that there are four recidivist factors returning to prison, namely difficulty in finding a job, unwillingness to change, family and community stigma, and the relaxation of conditions for participating in the Human Rehabilitation Program (PPI). In conclusion, apart from difficulties in securing employment, there are other reasons that cause recidivism to occur. Therefore, the researcher suggests that the PPI provided by the prison to be updated in line with the needs of recidivists from physical aspects, personality, skills and integration into society so that recidivism cases could be reduced.

Issues on crime and unemployment among ex-inmates contribute to recidivism in the country even though they were given technical and vocational (TVET) and entrepreneurship trainings by the prison authority.  Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the perception of inmates in prison on the effectiveness of TVET and entrepreneurship training.  The design of the study used in this study was a method of review with a quantitative approach.  Data was collected using a set of questionnaires and analyzed using statistical package software for the Social Science (SPSS version 23.0). A total of 222 respondents, inmates who have undergone and are undergoing TVET were involved in the study. The reliability of instruments was at an excellent and effective level with the consistency level of 0.871 and 0.915.  Data analysis was done in the form of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation test (r). The findings of the study showed that perception of the effectiveness of TVET and entrepreneurship skills in prison was high which were the mean value of 4.18 and 4.28 respectively. In addition, the findings showed that there was a significant relationship between TVET effectiveness and entrepreneurship skills among the respondents, r=0.557 (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, the inmates perceived that TVET and entrepreneurship skills taught in prison are beneficial.  Apart from that, it could provide added value in their continuity of survival once released primarily in the field of employment and entrepreneurship activities.

Persediaan dan tahap pengetahuan bakal guru pendidikan khas terhadap murid berkeperluan pendidikan khas (MBPK) adalah penting untuk memastikan penyaluran ilmu kepada golongan MPBK dapat dilaksanakan secara maksimum kerana cara mendidik dan mengajar MPBK berbeza dengan murid tipikal.

Activated sericite was used as a solid matrix for control over the size of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The activation of sericite was achieved by undergoing thermal, acid and salt treatments. Different weight ratios (w.r.) of iron oxide to activated sericite were prepared by varying the amount of iron oxide. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns illustrated a decrease in the intensity of sericite peaks by increasing the amount of iron oxide. High resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis showed the formation of highly distributed quasi-spherical iron oxide NPs with average diameter of about 3.56–7.78 nm. The formation of mesoporous iron oxide NPs on the surface and edge of the activated sericite surface were also observed under Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement revealed the nanocomposites (NCs) with saturation magnetization of about 2.17–8.12 emu·g−1. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed the specific surface area of NCs between 79.4 and 161.5 m2·g−1. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed non-bond chemical interaction between the iron oxide and rigid silicate layers. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy confirms that the material has band gap energy of about 2.55 eV. The NC with w.r. of 1:3 (iron oxide to activated sericite) showed the best performance with high specific surface area and sufficient magnetization for easy magnetic separation. The selected NC showed maximum removal efficiency over 99% for methylene blue and crystal violet dyes within 20 min.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the reflection of primary school students’ in term of their environmental conservation awareness based on their knowledge, attitude, and behavior. The survey method was used in data collection and the questionnaire was distributed to 235 students from 25 different school under UTHM’s Knowledge Transfer Program in Kluang District. The results obtained moderate-average level of environmental awareness for each construct (i.e. knowledge, attitude, behaviour). The analysis suggest level of reflection has significant effect on gender and race differences for certain construct, however, it is positive correlation between the level of environmental conservation’s reflection with demographics profile. This study offers new insights into the impact of education on environmental protection, the need for environmental education to improve conservation awareness.

A massive release of harmful substances especially heavy metal ions and dyes to the environment has been a major concern due to many people disregards the proper protocols in the waste management. The freshwater supplies are threatened and huge discharge of pollutants result from various anthropogenic activities may pose a major threat to the living organisms and negatively affect the ecosystem stability. This article reviews the development of magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites for removal of heavy metal ions and dyes from water. The highlight will be focused on current research activities for controlled size and dispersion of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles within solid matrices including zeolites, silica, clays, carbon, activated carbon, graphene and graphene oxide. The magnetic properties of the nanocomposites will be evaluated to determine whether they possessed sufficient magnetization for easy separation by an external magnet. The unique features of the synthesized materials will be investigated along with their application in the removal of heavy metal ions and dyes. The advantages and limitations of the magnetic nanocomposites will be highlighted to determine their adsorption ability. The effect of various parameters such as pH, contaminants concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature will be summarized to identify the best condition for effective pollutants removal.

Education is an important element in enhancing pupils' awareness on the environment. This is because education plays an important role in shaping and transforming society. In Malaysia, environmental education (EE) across curriculum has long been established. However, to date there is no specific assessment done to determine the successful implementation of these elements. Thus, the perception of pupils is needed to identify the needs of the implementer of the suitability and significance of EE across the curriculum on the pupils' environmental awareness. This study aims to identify the grade 6 pupils' perception toward the implementation of environmental education across curriculum in Malaysia primary school. The results showed that the pupils' perception of the environment was overall high and the location of the school does not significantly affect the pupils' perceptions of the environment. The majority of students defines the concept of the environment as objects. In addition, the percentage of pupils who give the concept of environmental rationally is also high. The perceptions of pupils on the need to protect the environment illustrate the majority agree on the benefits of future generations. The environmental concepts are presented somewhat rational and show the relationship between the environment and human beings. In conclusion, students' perceptions of the environment are positive and can determine it rationally and know the nature of natural disasters is a result of human action.

This study was conducted to identify predictors of knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and behaviors of the environment towards predetermined variables. A questionnaire was employed to obtain information and data from 685 respondents consisting of standard 6 pupils in Kulaijaya, Johor. The predictor variables applied in this study are the pupils' knowledge, perception and attitudes towards the environment while the dependent variable is pupils’ behavior towards the environment. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 has been used to analyze the data obtained. Multiple regression analysis was applied to determine forecasters against the specified variables. The findings show that a perception is dominan predictor to pupils’ behavior toward environment. In conclusion, not all predictor variables mentioned in this study contribute either directly or indirectly to the predetermined variables of the natural environment. Therefore, more effective measures need to be taken to ensure environmental sustainability.

Sociology refers to the field of scientific research on social interactions, organizations, societies, human actions and their consequences and how social influences shape human life. Environment is also a major element in human survival. Human dependence on the environment causes environmental conservation measures to be carried out. The role of sociology is seen as an important medium and must be implemented to ensure that the sustainability of the environment can be realized not only for the benefit of the present generation but for future generations. The increasingly complex human actions and patterns of life have led to various effects on the environment and the people themselves. Therefore, human beings are the dominant environmental users then the human function of the environment needs to be emphasized in order to improve the quality of the environment and its sustainability. Hence, this paper is a review of the role of sociology in Environmental Education (PAS). It is expected that these reviews can help in order to preserve the environment.

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti peramal terhadap pengetahuan, persepsi, sikap dan tingkah laku manusia terhadap alam sekitar daripada pemboleh ubah peramal yang telah ditetapkan. Kaedah soal selidik telah dijalankan untuk mendapatkan makluman dan data daripada 685 responden yang terdiri daripada murid-murid tahun 6 di daerah Kulaijaya, Johor. Pemboleh ubah peramal yang diaplikasikan dalam kajian ini ialah pengetahuan, persepsi dan sikap murid terhadap alam sekitar manakala pemboleh ubah bersandar ialah tingkah laku murid terhadap alam sekitar. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 20.0 telah digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh. Analisis regresi pelbagai juga diaplikasikan untuk menentukan peramal terhadap pemboleh ubah yang ditentukan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa peramal utama tingkah laku, pengetahuan dan sikap responden terhadap alam sekitar ialah persepsi. Kesimpulannya, tidak semua pemboleh ubah peramal yang dinyatakan dalam kajian ini menyumbang sama ada secara langsung mahu pun tidak langsung dalam pemboleh ubah yang ditetapkan terhadap alam sektar. Oleh itu, langkah yang lebih efektif perlu diambil agar kelestarian alam sekitar dapat direalisasikan.

Synthesis of nanostructured semiconductor materials from various single source precursors has been massively explored for potential applications in modern technology. Thermal decomposition method has been employed to prepare nanoparticles zinc sulphide from zinc N-ethyl cyclohexyl dithiocarbamate precursor. Effect of heat treatment at different calcination duration on the structural, morphological, compositional and band gap properties of zinc sulphide were investigated. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. XRD showed the precursor was decomposed to hexagonal zinc sulphide after 2–6 h of calcination duration at 400 °C. The sizes of zinc sulphide (ZnS) nanoparticles obtained from TEM analysis were about 6–11 nm. The existence of the hexagonal ZnS phase is not affected by the calcination duration, while only a slight difference in the crystallinity and crystallite size of ZnS is observed from XRD analysis. EDX analyses reveal that the as-prepared ZnS nanoparticles have an approximate composition of Zn and S close to 1:1, giving a possible composition of ZnS. Besides, direct band gap energy of ZnS was found to be around 3.78–3.95 eV.

Nanorods of bismuth sulphide were prepared by thermal decomposition of bismuth N-ethyl cyclohexyl dithiocarbamate at different calcination duration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that at 400 °C, the precursor was fully decomposed to orthorhombic bismuth sulphide after 2 h of calcination. Besides, calcination duration does not affect the existence of Bi2S3 phase. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses reveal that Bi2S3 nanorods with an average width ranging from 29–36 nm were obtained. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the atomic ratio of Bi and S close to 2:3, giving a possible composition of Bi2S3. Direct band gap energy of Bi2S3 decreases from 1.83 eV to 1.54 eV as calcination time increases.

KETIKA melihatnya dari jauh, terpancar karisma pada lelaki berkemeja putih dan berseluar hitam itu.

Metal sulphides are important semiconductor materials, which are useful in various applications such as solar cells, optical coatings, photoconductors, and transductors. In this study, several metal dithiocarbamates have been synthesized as single source precursors for metal sulphides production. The preparation of metal dithiocarbamate was done from the reaction between N-ethylcyclohexanamine with carbon disulphide and metal salt in alkaline media. Some difficulties related to high reaction temperatures, precursors instability, and difficult synthetic procedures have somewhat limited the synthesis of single precursor to certain metal complexes. These compounds were found to be effective precursors for nanomaterial fabrication by thermal decomposition of metal dithiocarbamates in a tube furnace. Considering the wide scope of the subject, current research is restricted to the dithiocarbamates with eight metals,namely, zinc(II), nickel(II), copper(II), cobalt(II), cadmium(II), indium(III),antimony(III), and bismuth(III). Besides, no surfactant was used in this study due to the toxicity although many researchers preferred to use surfactants to control the sizes and shapes of the final product. All metal complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur (CHNS) analyses, direct injection mass spectrometry (DIMS) analysis, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal gravimetric (TGA/DTG) analyses, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The physical and elemental analyses of Zn, Cd, Cu dan Ni dithiocarbamates (DTC) complexes were confirmed to have the molecular formula of C18H32N2S4M (where M is for Zn, Cd, Cu and Ni metal). On the other hand, the molecular formula of C27H48N3S6M was confirmed for Co, Sb, In, and Bi-DTC. The formation of Zn, Ni, Cu and Sb-DTC crystals were analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction

The main issue in this research is about primary school pupils’ environmental awareness which has yet to achieve the prescribed objectives despite the implementation of cross curriculum environmental education which has been implemented in 1988. This research was carried out to (i) identify teachers’ views about the effectiveness of the year 6 science curriculum in terms of pupils’ awareness on the environment; (ii) study the knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and behavior between urban and rural primary school pupils on environmental issues; (iii) review the constraints that exist in preserving the environmental awareness among pupils and (iv) develop a model to increase pupils’ awareness on the environment. The research area for this research was the administration unit of Kulaijaya District Education Office. There were 685 pupil respondents involved in this research (questionnaire), 81 pupil respondents (interview), 58 administrator respondents and 225 parent respondents who were selected randomly. For 22 teacher respondents they were selected based on purposive sampling. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this research to obtain a more robust research result. Researched data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for variable descriptions and inferential statistical t-test, Person correlation, Spearman’s rho, multiple regression and partial least square (PLS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). As for qualitative data, they were analyzed manually. Research findings showed that year 6 Science curriculum was not appropriate and needed improvement to meet the current demands. Analyses of data on the knowledge, perception, attitudes, and behavior showed no significant difference between school’s locations with each producing t=1.005 (p≤.315); t=-1487 (p≤.137); t=-.687 (p≤.492) and t=1.413 (p≤.158). The data also showed that all constructs were related to each other and all r values were at significant level of p≤0.01. The main constraints faced