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Phenomenological design was used in this research to determine the experiences, opinions and suggestions of the stakeholders in the Individualized Education Program (IEP) development team during the IEP preparation process. Nine parents 20 teachers and a school administrator who were in the IEP team and took part in the IEP preparation process participated in the research. Researcher diary, demographic data form, observation and semi-structured interviews were used in accordance with the principle of data triangulation while collecting data from the participants. The data were analyzed with the QSR Nvivo 11 package program. As a result of the research, it was concluded that parents should be involved in the IEP development process, but this would be possible depending on some preconditions, and one of these preconditions was family education. It has been observed that the stakeholders in the team have developed a communication system based on information sharing. It was observed that the stakeholders had difficulties in the IEP preparation process due to reasons such as insufficient training on the process, insufficient knowledge about the process and laws, and inexperience. According to another result of the research, it was stated that it would not be appropriate for individuals with special needs to take part in the IEP preparation process, but they could be included in the process if certain conditions were met. In addition, as a result of the research, various suggestions were presented on deep research and applications for the IEP development process.

The main purpose of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vaginal assisted laparoscopic sacrocervicopexy with anterior colpotomy (VALSAC) for apical pelvic organ prolapse. We retrospectively reviewed the results of twenty-three women with stage III and IV prolapse treated with VALSAC between April 2017 and June 2019. With a mean follow-up of 20 months, apical pelvic organ prolapse was cured in 95.7 % of patients. There was no complication in terms of mesh exposure, persistent pain, hematoma, infection. The mean pre- and post-operative POP-Q scores were, for the Aa point, 1.61 ± 1.82 cm and -1.96 ± 0.87 cm (p < 0.01), for the C point, 2.87 ± 1.6 cm and -5.26 ± 1.86 cm (p < 0.01) for the Ap point, -1.43 ± 0.89 cm and -2.09 ± 0.59 cm (p < 0.01). VALSAC is a promising minimally invasive technique for pelvic floor reconstruction that appears to provide good outcomes. Content: The main purpose of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vaginal assisted laparoscopic sacrocervicopexy with anterior colpotomy (VALSAC) for apical pelvic organ prolapse.

Abdulkadir Bilgiç,1 Burak Toprak,2 Hamide Kaya3 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Mersin, Turkey; 2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mersin City Education and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey; 3Department of Microbiology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Mersin, TurkeyCorrespondence: Burak Toprak, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mersin City Education and Research Hospital, Kuzeykent District, 31131 Street No: 1, Floor: 6, Flat No: 11, Yeni&scedil;ehir, Mersin, 33120, Turkey, Email brk.tprk@gmail.comBackground: Recent interest has focused on the role of inflammatory markers in assessing coronary artery disease (CAD) severity, especially in the early stages. However, there remains a gap in identifying reliable biomarkers to predict postoperative mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Traditional markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) counts are commonly used but have limitations in specificity and prognostic value. The Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI), which reflects immature granulocyte levels, offers a promising alternative. Unlike CRP and WBC, DNI specifically measures the acute inflammatory response, providing a more targeted indicator of risk. This study evaluates the significance of postoperative DNI as a prognostic marker for early mortality in CABG patients, addressing the need for more accurate biomarkers in postoperative care.Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the significance of the Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI), which reflects the proportion of immature granulocytes, as a prognostic marker for early postoperative mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods: This rigorously designed retrospective cohort study was conducted at a high-volume tertiary care center specializing in cardiovascular surgery, including a robust patient cohort to ensure comprehensive data analysis and reliable conclusions. The study included a consecutive series of 446 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between January 1, 2022, and August 1, 2023.Results: Mortality was found to be associated with preoperative DNI (p< 0.05). A 1-unit increase in pre-DNI measurement was associated with a 2.61-fold (95% Confidence Interval: 1.54– 4.45) increase in the risk of death. Additionally, mortality was also associated with postoperative DNI (p< 0.05). A 1-unit increase in postoperative DNI measurement was associated with a 10.21-fold (95% Confidence Interval: 5.08– 20.05) increase in the risk of death.Conclusion: Elevated DNI values are strong independent predictors of postoperative mortality, underscoring its critical role in perioperative risk assessment for CABG patients. Both preoperative and postoperative DNI levels are significantly linked to mortality, emphasizing DNI’s value in improving patient outcomes and reducing complications. Integrating DNI into routine clinical practice can provide a more personalized approach to care, enhancing survival and optimizing postoperative management.Keywords: delta neutrophil index, coronary artery bypass grafting, postoperative mortality, inflammatory markers

Abstract Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death among adults in Germany. There is evidence that occupational exposure to particulate matter, noise, psychosocial stressors, shift work and high physical workload are associated with CHD. The aim of this study is to identify occupations that are associated with CHD and to elaborate on occupational exposures associated with CHD by using the job exposure matrix (JEM) BAuA-JEM ETB 2018 in a German study population. Methods Cross-sectional data from 8,070 participants, members of the first sub-cohort of the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS), was used. To classify occupations, we rely on standard occupational titles (ISCO-08). The level of exposure is assigned to each job using a JEM. CHD is measured by self-reported diagnosis. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Using logistic regression, the association of CHD and standard occupation titles via ISCO-08 and the association of CHD and occupational exposures via JEM were calculated and adjusted for potentially confounding covariates. Multiple imputations with chained equations (MICEs) were applied for missing values. Sensitivity analyses were performed. Results The CHD prevalence in the study population was 4.6% (95% CI 4.2–5.1). Occupations associated with CHD were Physical and Engineering Science Technicians, Other Health Associate Professionals, General Office Clerks, Secretaries (general), Material Recording and Transport Clerks, Hairdressers, Beauticians and Related Workers, Electronics and Telecommunications Installers and Repairers, Other Craft and Related Workers, Car, Van and Motorcycle Drivers, Mobile Plant Operators and Domestic, Hotel and Office Cleaners and Helpers. Among occupational exposures retrieved from the JEM, Environmental Demands showed an association with CHD in the crude model but not after adjustment. The results remained robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions This study is the first to assess the association of a wide range of occupations and occupational exposures with CHD in a German study population. We found no association between occupational exposures and CHD after adjustment, but 11 occupations associated with CHD were identified. The results are limited by cross-sectional design, healthy worker effect (HWE), and small group sizes. Further studies with a larger sample and longitudinal design containing data on occupational history, occupational exposures and time of CHD diagnosis are needed.

Purpose: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a common, but complex problem, with multiple therapeutic options and a lack of clear guidelines. Hence, there is considerable controversy and marked variation in the management of NOA. This survey evaluates contemporary global practices related to medical and surgical management for patients with NOA. Materials and Methods: A 56-question online survey covering various aspects of the evaluation and management of NOA was sent to specialists around the globe. This paper analyzes the results of the second half of the survey dealing with the management of NOA. Results have been compared to current guidelines, and expert recommendations have been provided using a Delphi process. Results: Participants from 49 countries submitted 336 valid responses. Hormonal therapy for 3 to 6 months was suggested before surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) by 29.6% and 23.6% of participants for normogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism respectively. The SSR rate was reported as 50.0% by 26.0% to 50.0% of participants. Interestingly, 46.0% reported successful SSR in

Viewing linguistic and semiotic processes as constitutive of self, Julia Kristeva emphasizes the role of abjection in the construction of female subjectivity. Abjection corresponds to a state of subjectivity dominated by in-betweenness in which the distinction between the subject and the object is blurred, while this experience is necessary for the subject to complete the subjectivization process. This paper aims to scrutinize the function of this Kristevan conception in two short stories written by women recounting the experiences of their female protagonists: Muriel Spark’s “You Should Have Seen the Mess” (1958) and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper” (1899). Revolving around an utter sense of abjection, these works reflect the protagonists’ obsessive attachment to and abhorrence for the abject as well as their problematic position in relation to the semiotic and symbolic linguistic realms. Both protagonists are in search of alternative ways of coping with their subjugation in a patriarchal society, through an existence outside of social norms and expectations. Consequently, female subjectivity is regarded as an on-going social process rather than a finished one in both texts, whereby the activities of female subjectivity constitute avenues by which women can reposition and empower themselves within a patriarchal system.

The aim of this study is to investigate the level of social acceptance of students with typical development in inclusive classes towards individuals with special needs in terms of certain variables. In this study, the screening model was used, which is one of the quantitative research methods. The reason for choosing the screening model in the research is to determine the relationship between different variables such as gender, parents' education level, and whether there is a person with disability in the student's immediate environment and the level of social acceptance. In the 2019-2020 academic year, 1083 6th, 7th, and 8th-grade students in inclusive classes in public secondary schools in Türkiye participated in the study. The Social Acceptance Scale was used in the study. The statistical package was used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference in social acceptance levels of students with typical development towards their peers with special needs (p<0.001) according to the variables as gender, father's education level, grade level, Having a person with disability among relatives, previous attendance to kindergarten and nursery in the past, family status. However, it was found out that there was no statistically significant difference between the mother's level of education of the students with typical development and their social acceptance levels towards their peers with special needs. [Note: The page range (470-492) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 469-492.]

COVID-19 affected higher educational institutions around the world. This study focused on academics' perceptions and practices of online education based on their academic discipline and previous online education experience. The survey research design used and an e-survey was conducted in May 2020, during which the lockdown restrictions were rather tight in Turkey. The analyzes were carried out on the responses of 8,242 academics' using the omnibus chi-square test and t-tests. The results point out that academics' time allocation to preparation for courses, student counselling, and lectures are varying due to their academic disciplines. Generally, academics have a negative perception of online education though there is a difference between the experienced ones and others. In particular, academics with online education experience exhibited lower negative perceptions of online education than those lacking such experience. Maybe one of the most problematic parts of this transition process for academics is how to ensure the reliability of exams. Our results showed that even the academics with online education experience have a higher level of distrust towards educational measurement and evaluation methods.

Duloxetine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Duloxetine has many side effects such as nausea, somnolence, insomnia, decreased appetite, dry mouth, and constipation. Sleep bruxism is also a very rare side effect of duloxetine. In this case report, a case of a 35-year-old male patient who developed sleep bruxism in the 4th week after duloxetine use, and fracture of the 1st upper molar tooth which had previously undergone root canal treatment after severe bruxism in the 6th week was presented. Duloxetine treatment was stopped and treatment was continued with amitriptyline. The patient had a significant reduction in both bruxism and fibromyalgia symptoms after the amitriptyline treatment. Bruxism symptoms were not observed after one year of follow-up.

Purpose: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents the persistent absence of sperm in ejaculate without obstruction, stemming from diverse disease processes. This survey explores global practices in NOA diagnosis, comparing them with guidelines and offering expert recommendations. Materials and Methods:Materials and Methods: A 56-item questionnaire survey on NOA diagnosis and management was conducted globally from July to September 2022. This paper focuses on part 1, evaluating NOA diagnosis. Data from 367 participants across 49 coun-tries were analyzed descriptively, with a Delphi process used for expert recommendations. Results:Results: Of 336 eligible responses, most participants were experienced attending physicians (70.93%). To diagnose azoosper-mia definitively, 81.7% requested two semen samples. Commonly ordered hormone tests included serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (97.0%), total testosterone (92.9%), and luteinizing hormone (86.9%). Genetic testing was requested by 66.6%, with karyotype analysis (86.2%) and Y chromosome microdeletions (88.3%) prevalent. Diagnostic testicular biopsy, distinguishing obstructive azoospermia (OA) from NOA, was not performed by 45.1%, while 34.6% did it selectively. Differ-entiation relied on physical examination (76.1%), serum hormone profiles (69.6%), and semen tests (68.1%). Expectations of finding sperm surgically were higher in men with normal FSH, larger testes, and a history of sperm in ejaculate. Conclusions:Conclusions: This expert survey, encompassing 367 participants from 49 countries, unveils congruence with recommended guidelines in NOA diagnosis. However, noteworthy disparities in practices suggest a need for evidence-based, international consensus guidelines to standardize NOA evaluation, addressing existing gaps in professional recommendations.

The Kyoto Protocol, established to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, one of the human-induced causes of climate change, imposes obligations on developed countries. In this study: 1) what obligations the articles of the Kyoto Protocol impose on the countries that are party to the protocol, 2) whether the articles of the protocol are impartial, equal, and fair in their obligations to the contracting countries and their binding, 3) how the economic support of developed countries to reduce emissions to developing countries can be evaluated in the context of the principle of equality/justice, 4) it has been discussed whether the non-bindingness of the countries those are not party to the protocol. Considering all protocol items, the discussion was made from a critical but constructive point of view. It can be said that the obligations arising from the Kyoto Protocol bring disadvantages for some countries compared to others.

Objective: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired disorder of platelets with a complex and unclear mechanism of increased immune destruction or impaired production of platelets. While the management of ITP is evolving, there is still a need for guidance, particularly in certain circumstances such as pregnancy, emergencies, or patients requiring co-medications. We aimed to determine the tendencies of hematologists in Türkiye in the event of such special considerations. Materials and Methods: Applying a modified Delphi method, the Turkish National ITP Working Group, founded under the auspices of the Turkish Society of Hematology, developed a questionnaire consisting of statements regarding pregnancy, emergencies, and circumstances requiring co-treatment with antiaggregants or anticoagulants. A total of 107 hematologists working in university or state hospitals voted for their agreement or disagreement with the statements for two sequential rounds. Results: The participating hematologists reached an agreement on starting treatment for pregnant patients with platelets of less than 30x109/L and delivery either vaginally or by cesarean section being safe at platelet counts above 50x109/L. For emergencies and the rescue management of ITP, the panel agreed against the use of high-dose corticosteroids alone, preferring combinations with transfusions or intravenous immunoglobulin. For patients who require interventions, platelet counts of >50x109/L were regarded as safe for low-risk procedures as well as co-treatment with antiplatelets or anticoagulants. Conclusion: As the National ITP Study Group, we have observed the need to increase the practice guidance regarding patients with primary ITP requiring additional treatments including invasive interventions and co-treatments for coagulation. Decisions on the management of ITP during pregnancy should be individualized. There is a lack of consensus on the thresholds of platelet counts as well as co-morbidities and co-medications. This lack of consensus may be due to variations in practices.

Despite growing recognition of the need for increased diversity among students, trainees, and faculty in health care, the medical workforce still lacks adequate representation from groups historically underrepresented in medicine (URiM). The subspecialty field of pediatric pulmonology is no exception. Although there have been efforts to address issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in our own field, gaps persist. To address these gaps, the members of the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Advisory Group (DEI-AG) of the American Thoracic Society Pediatrics Assembly created and distributed a Needs Assessment Survey in the United States and Canada to better understand the racial and ethnic demographics of the pediatric pulmonary workforce and to learn more about successes, gaps, and opportunities to enhance how we recruit, train, and retain a diverse workforce. The DEI-AG leadership cochairs convened a workshop to review the findings of the DEI Needs Assessment Survey and to develop strategies to improve the recruitment and retention of URiM fellows and faculty. This Official ATS Workshop Report aims to identify barriers and opportunities for recruitment, training, and career development within the field of pediatric pulmonology. Additionally, we offer useful strategies and resources to improve the recruitment of URiM residents, the mentorship of trainees and junior faculty, and the career development of URiM faculty in academic centers. This Workshop Report is an important first deliverable by the DEI-AG. We hope that this work, originating from within the Pediatrics Assembly, will serve as a model for other Assemblies, disciplines across the ATS, and other fields in Pediatrics.

BACKGROUND: In suspected myocardial infarction (MI), guidelines recommend using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn)-based approaches. These require fixed assay-specific thresholds and timepoints, without directly integrating clinical information. Using machine-learning techniques including hs-cTn and clinical routine variables, we aimed to build a digital tool to directly estimate the individual probability of MI, allowing for numerous hs-cTn assays. METHODS: In 2,575 patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected MI, two ensembles of machine-learning models using single or serial concentrations of six different hs-cTn assays were derived to estimate the individual MI probability (ARTEMIS model). Discriminative performance of the models was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and logLoss. Model performance was validated in an external cohort with 1688 patients and tested for global generalizability in 13 international cohorts with 23,411 patients. RESULTS: Eleven routinely available variables including age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, electrocardiography, and hs-cTn were included in the ARTEMIS models. In the validation and generalization cohorts, excellent discriminative performance was confirmed, superior to hs-cTn only. For the serial hs-cTn measurement model, AUC ranged from 0.92 to 0.98. Good calibration was observed. Using a single hs-cTn measurement, the ARTEMIS model allowed direct rule-out of MI with very high and similar safety but up to tripled efficiency compared to the guideline-recommended strategy. CONCLUSION: We developed and validated diagnostic models to accurately estimate the individual probability of MI, which allow for variable hs-cTn use and flexible timing of resampling. Their digital application may provide rapid, safe and efficient personalized patient care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: Data of following cohorts were used for this project: BACC ( www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; NCT02355457), stenoCardia ( www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; NCT03227159), ADAPT-BSN ( www.australianclinicaltrials.gov.au ; ACTRN12611001069943), IMPACT ( www.australianclinicaltrials.gov.au , ACTRN12611000206921), ADAPT-RCT ( www.anzctr.org.au ; ANZCTR12610000766011), EDACS-RCT ( www.anzctr.org.au ; ANZCTR12613000745741); DROP-ACS ( https://www.umin.ac.jp , UMIN000030668); High-STEACS ( www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; NCT01852123), LUND ( www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; NCT05484544), RAPID-CPU ( www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; NCT03111862), ROMI ( www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; NCT01994577), SAMIE ( https://anzctr.org.au ; ACTRN12621000053820), SEIGE and SAFETY ( www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; NCT04772157), STOP-CP ( www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; NCT02984436), UTROPIA ( www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; NCT02060760).

INTRODUCTION: Shigella spp. are one of the main causes of diarrhea, especially in children. According to the CDC, the rate of Shigella infections resistant to all known antibiotic treatments in the USA was zero in 2015, 0.4% in 2019 and 5% in 2022.In this study, we aimed to identify Shigella spp.isolated from stool samples in our hospital and to monitor their antibiotic susceptibility status. METHODS: Between January 2015 and January 2024, 28 Shigella spp.isolated from stool samples were included in the study. The isolates were identified using conventional methods,VITEK-2(bioMerieuxFrance), serogroup-specific antisera (BDDifco™,USA). Ampicillin(AMP), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SXT) and quinolone susceptibility of the strains were studied according to EUCAST recommendations. RESULTS: Of the 28 isolates,19(67.9%) were identified as S.sonnei, 8(28.6%) as S flexneri and 1(3.6%) as S.boydii.In S.sonnei,AMP, TMP-SXT and CIP resistance were detected in 57.9%, 42.1% and 5.3% of the isolates, respectively whereas in S.flexneri, the resistance rates were 87.5%, 12.5% and 12.5%, respectively(Table 1).Nine of nineteen S. sonnei isolates (47.4%) and two of eight S.flexneri isolates(25%) were positive for PTT. Among the PTT positive isolates of both S.sonnei and S.flexneri, only one isolate from each species was resistant to ciprofloxacin by gradient strip test.Only one isolate identified as S.boydii was resistant to ampicillin.In conclusion, S.sonnei was detected at a high rate (67.9%) compared to other Shigella species in this study. Ampicillin resistance was very high in both S.sonnei(57.9%) and S.flexneri(87.5%). TMP-SXT resistance was higher in S.sonnei(42.1%) than in S.flexneri. Ciprofloxacin resistance does not yet appear to be threatening in both species.

AIM: Campylobacter spp. is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Antibiotic treatment is inevitable in serious Campylobacter infections. Increasing rates of quinolone resistance limits the treatment options. We aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of Campylobacters isolated in our hospital. METHOD: A total of 190 Campylobacter spp. isolated (Brucella blood agar) and identified (MALDI-TOF MS) in our laboratory between 2020 and 2023 were included. Disk diffusion method was used in detection of susceptibilities of the isolates to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and erythromycin according to EUCAST v 14.0. RESULTS: Of the 190 isolates, 179 were isolated from stool, 8 from blood, and 3 from abscess. 163 isolates were identified as C. jejuni, 25 as C. coli, one as C. hyointestinalis, and one as C. sputorum ssp. bubulus. Majority of the strains (n:157) were isolated from patients aged 0-18 years. Isolation rates were similar on a yearly basis. The resistance rate to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in C. jejuni was 87.7% and 70.6%, respectively (Table 1). Resistance to both antibiotics was seen in 68.1% of C. jejuni isolates. Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline resistance rates in C. coli were found to be 88%, 48% and 64%, respectively. Resistance to all three antibiotics was seen in 36% of C. coli isolates. CONCLUSION: C. jejuni and C. coli are important gastrointestinal pathogens in our region.Resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline is very high in both species.Erythromycin resistance is also at a very high level (48%) in C. coli.

Melatonin, a multifunctional biomolecule found in animals and plants, is critical in regulating various physiological processes. In plants, melatonin biosynthesis primarily originates from tryptophan through multiple enzymatic steps, finely controlled by different environmental and endogenous factors. This review synthesizes current knowledge on melatonin biosynthesis, production levels, and signaling mechanisms, focusing on its role in plant stress responses. Research shows that melatonin mitigates abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and temperature extremes by enhancing antioxidant systems, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and modulating ion homeostasis. Additionally, melatonin signaling, which may involve the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and potentially the Cand2 receptor (though its role remains debated), is essential for promoting plant growth and enhancing stress tolerance. This review also examines the potential of targeting specific enzymes, such as tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), to create melatonin knockout mutants, offering new insights into the regulatory networks of melatonin-mediated stress responses. The review concludes by identifying future research directions, particularly in understanding the complex cross-talk within melatonin signaling pathways and the debated role of Cand2 in plant resilience.

The synthesis of fatty acids plays a critical role in shaping milk production characteristics in dairy cattle. Thus, identifying effective haplotypes within the fatty acid metabolism pathway will provide novel and robust insights into the genetics of dairy cattle. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the individual and combined impacts of fundamental genes within the fatty acid metabolic process pathway in Jersey cows. A comprehensive phenotypic dataset was compiled, considering milk production traits, to summarize a cow’s productivity across three lactations. Genotyping was conducted through PCR-RFLP and Sanger sequencing, while the association between genotype and phenotype was quantified using linear mixed models. Moderate biodiversity and abundant variation suitable for haplotype analysis were observed across all examined markers. The individual effects of the FABP3, LTF and ANXA9 genes significantly influenced both milk yield and milk fat production. Additionally, this study reveals novel two-way interactions between genes in the fatty acid metabolism pathway that directly affect milk fat properties. Notably, we identified that the GGAAGG haplotype in FABP3×LTF×ANXA9 interaction may be a robust genetic marker concerning both milk fat yield and percentage. Consequently, the genotype combinations highlighted in this study serve as novel and efficient markers for assessing the fat content in cow’s milk.

Background Maternal syphilis (MS) can lead to significant maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity and mortality if inadequately treated. This study is aimed to retrospectively analyse the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed with MS at our clinic.Materials and Methods We accessed the medical records of 64 cases diagnosed with MS between 2020 and 2022 from our hospital database and the perinatology clinic archives in this retrospective observational study. Case distributions by years, sociodemographic characteristics, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded.Results The distribution of MS cases was 16 (25.0%) in 2020, 20 (31.25%) in 2021, and 28 (43.75%) in 2022. The mean age of the patients was 26.4 ± 6.3 years, mean BMI was 23.36 ± 3.14, the smoking rate was 31.25%, and the majority of patients were educated to primary level (37.5%). Most were housewives (43.75%), lived in urban areas (43.75%), and had lower-level incomes (68.75%). In addition, 43.75% received adequate maternal treatment, the caesarean delivery rate was 43.25%, 31.25% had preterm births, and the mean birth weight was 2956.36 + 514.46 g. CS was largely diagnosed during delivery or the postpartum period (43.75%). Fifty percent of patients were in the latent stage, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were present in four case each (6.25%), and gestational diabetes mellitus in eight (12.5%). Twenty babies (31.25%) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, eight (12.5%) had congenital anomalies, 12 had foetal growth restriction (18.25%), stillbirth was present in four (6.25%) case, and early neonatal death in four (6.25%).Conclusions Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment of MS can lead to significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Well-planned antenatal care services should be provided for all expectant mothers in order to reduce these adverse outcomes.

This study reports on comparing the presentation of mathematical content, types of responses required of students, conformity with the curriculum outcomes, and potentially confusing expressions in the subjects of percentages, triangles, and quadrilaterals of fifth-grade mathematics textbooks used in Turkey and Singapore. Document analysis of the two mathematics textbooks indicated that both books remained committed to achieving the curriculum outcomes, that the content of the Singapore textbook was more simply organized, and that the Singapore textbook included more visual representations and multiple solution strategies. The analysis also showed that the questions requiring numerical responses were common in both textbooks, while the Singapore textbook included relatively more questions requiring both response and explanation. The findings also indicated that the Singapore textbook was comparably more error-free; however, the Turkey textbook involved several difficulties concerning syntactic errors, ambiguity, unrealistic task presentation, redundant operation, unclarity in mathematical purposes, and weak mathematical context. We discuss the usefulness and intelligibility of mathematics textbooks regarding established cultural and philosophical traditions and trust and respect for textbooks.

This study is an aesthetic inquiry, as part of a middle school visual arts class, from the standpoint of Maxine Greene's aesthetic perspective in education. By adopting Maxine Greene's perspective, affective learning comes to the fore along with cognitive learning, and accentuates multiple realities through the imagination through the research experiences of the artist, in the process of aesthetic inquiry. In this context, a research was carried out within the scope of visual arts education course for an improvement in students' interpretation from multiple perspectives with the understanding of aesthetic inquiry. In their processes of aesthetic inquiry, students' were to examine works of art and it was tried to reveal the different realities of these works depending on their imagination. The purpose of this study is to reveal the improvement in students' interpretation processes from different perspectives through aesthetic inquiry in visual arts course. The study uses action research design, one of the qualitative research designs. It covers a 14-week course at a public middle school. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data and the research findings were presented. According to the findings, it was determined that the students reflected that which they discerned in the course processes, the connections they established regarding their knowledge, emotions and experiences, the differences forming in their ideas and the development they saw in themselves from their personal perspectives. Students showed empathy by seeing different ideas together during the course process and provided new interpretations from multiple perspectives. Under the guiance of the teacher, the students developed self-confidence in the process, expressed themselves by asking questions about what they were curious about and explaining the reasons for their ideas, and made artistic applications. Thus, through aesthetic inquiries, it was possible to reveal the interpretations of students in which they reflect themselves from multiple perspectives, diversify their ideas and develop a clear perspective on what they can do.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of teachers' P-O fit levels on their turnover intentions and the role of psychological well-being in this relationship. Data collected from 507 teachers, through the scales measuring teachers' P-O fit, well-being and intent to leave the teaching profession and intent to move to another school, was analyzed in a 3-step regression model. The analysis showed that teachers' P-O perceptions had a direct and significant effect on their intent to move to another school and intent to leave the profession. Both of these effects were partially mediated by their well-being levels.

All cognitive diagnostic models that evaluate educational test data require a Q-matrix that combines every item in a test with the required cognitive skills for each item to be answered correctly. Generally, the Q-matrix is constructed by education experts' judgment, leading to some uncertainty in its elements. Various statistical methods are suggested to validate misspecifications in the Q-matrix. This paper evaluates the performance of the Q-matrix validation methods, the sequential expectation-maximization-based [delta]-method (SEM [delta]-method), and the Q-matrix refinement (QMR) method using a study with real data and simulations. The simulation design results showed that the misspecification percentage and the length of the test had a small or no effect on the mean q-entry recovery rates (MRRs) of both methods, while the increase in sample size had an improving effect. The MRRs of both methods decreased when the number of attributes and guessing (g) - slip (s) parameters increased. According to simulation study results, the QMR method performed better than the SEM [delta]-method. For the q-matrix validation, it can be suggested that CDM practitioners prioritize the QMR method and use a sample size of 1,000. On the other hand, the real data results revealed that the MRRs of both methods were at the base rates. This result highlights the need for further research on method comparison, specifically for real-world data applications where the number of attributes is relatively large and the test duration is short.

With this research, it is aimed to determine the problems faced by classroom teachers who have Syrian immigrant students in their classrooms in Turkey. The research was designed as a single case study, one of the qualitative research methods. Criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used. The participants of the research are 10 classroom teachers. The data of the research were collected through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed by content analysis method. According to the findings, the most basic problem in the education process of primary school teachers with immigrant children in their class is the language problem. The language problem creates communication problems with immigrant children and their parents. While some of the teachers who have immigrant children in their class see this as an advantage, some see it as a disadvantage due to the problems they experience. Teachers offered solutions for children, parents and teachers to cope with the problem situations they experienced in their classrooms.