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For the first time for the Black Sea region in recreation zones (RZ) a comprehensive monitoring of microplastics pollution (MP) was carried out, including a study of the spatial and temporal distribution of microplastic (MPs) qualitative and quantitative parameters in beach and bottom sediments, as well as in the surface water layer of adjacent water areas. Monitoring was carried out in the period 2018-2021 quarterly in calm weather and after storm episodes in five popular RZ of the Sevastopol region and two control areas (CA). A trend of MPs cumulation in beach and bottom sediments, as well as in the surface water layer of all studied areas was established. During the monitoring period, the MP concentration in beach sediments increased by 1,5 – 5 times, in bottom sediments by 5,5 – 6 times. The MP concentration in the surface water layer of the aquatories increased by 1,5 – 9,7 times. The maximum MP average concentrations in beach sediments was 77-100 units·m-2. At average MP concentrations in beach, bottom sediments and in the surface water layer of adjacent aquatories, which are 27 units·m-2, 11,5 units·kg-1 (dry weight) and 0,66 units·m-3, respectively. According to the morphotype, MPs particles were differentiated into five main groups: fragments, granules, pellets, films, fibers. In the beach sediments fragments accounted for the largest share – 48-80%, fibers reached 25,8%; films were found on all beaches 1-21%. In all samples of bottom sediments, the proportion of fragments was maximum 50-83%, fibers 1-33%. Granules and pellets accounted for no more than 10%. Acknowledgment. The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of the scientific project 18-44-920014 rₐ, as well as within the framework of research work no. registration: 121040600178-6 and 121041400077-1. Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/426418/document, In MICRO 2022, Online Atlas Edition: Plastic Pollution from MACRO to nano

Following successful proof-of-concept experiments, we constructed compact varying-gap undulator with Hydraulic-Assist Driver. The 1 . 5 m long undulator features a pure permanent magnet structure, period of 28 . 4 m m and a minimum gap of 6 . 75 m m . The bench test of the device indicated excellent mechanical and magnetic performances. It demonstrated ≤ 3 ° R M S optical phase errors in a wide range of gap variation; ∼ 1 . 0 × 1 0 − 4 (or better) repeatability in normalized K u n d ( Δ K ∕ K ) from one gap variation to another. In special mode, when the gap was varied in correlation with undulator temperature, undulator demonstrated ∼ 6 . 6 × 1 0 − 5 R M S of Δ K ∕ K long-term ( ∼ 24hrs) stability while the undulator temperature change was ∼ 1 . 3 ° C. In this paper, we discuss the critical design components and criteria required for undulator mechanical stability and magnetic performance. We also describe our Lab-View-based control system governing the Hydraulic-Assist Driver. Finally, we present the test setup and results.

Two different views on factors limiting the abundance of pacific salmons in the marine period of their life are compared. According to traditional point of view, food resources are limited in the marine and oceanic epipelagic biotopes, so a strong competition for food exists between different species of genus Oncorhynchus or between pink salmon O. gorbuscha and other species that makes theIr abundance lower and biological conditions worse. Negative anomaly of the sea surface temperature is considered traditionally as a factor controlling the salmons distribution in the ocean because of the food supply worsening. The other point of view is proposed by authors in the 1980s and is based on comprehensive ecosystem studies of the Far Eastern Seas and the North Pacific. Following to this view, the food resources do not limit the abundance of salmons, which play secondary roles in trophic networks within the subarctic epipelagic layer. Besides, these data do not confirm stenotherm habits of salmons, particularly in conditions of low temperature (salmons could be found in the northern Bering and Okhotsk Seas even in winter). In favor of the latter view, new data are presented for 2018, when the highest biomass of the Russian salmons was observed, primarily due to pink salmon abundance, and the absolutely record Russian catch of pacific salmons in 677,200 t was landed.

We have developed and tested a novel type of driver for insertion devices. In our approach, we compensate for the magnetic forces acting on the insertion device (ID) arrays by installing a number of compact hydraulic cylinders along the ID. These assisting cylinders are connected to a single hydraulic line and activated by the same pressure. A computer-controlled closed-loop feedback system maintains the target ID array position and an acceptable load on the mechanical driver. This is accomplished by simultaneously controlling both the hydraulic assist pressure and the mechanical driver position. The quantity and location of the compact hydraulic cylinders are optimized to keep the deformation of ID structural components in an acceptable range. The hydraulic cylinders compensate for over 90% of the strong forces generated by the magnetic field. This reduces the load applied to a conventional mechanical driver to less than 10% of the total load. The implementation of this type of driver can make insertion devices much more compact without compromising their performance. In the proof-of-concept experiments, our novel hydraulic-assist driver demonstrated a long-term stability and reproducibility of the ID gap within 2 μ m . Magnetic field stability and reproducibility was within 6e − 5 of the normalized field strength or better. Here we will describe the concept, details of our test setup and the results of the proof-of-concept experiments. We will also discuss the advantages of the hydraulic-assist driver over conventional mechanical drivers, as well as possible applications and future developments.

The design and implementation of new beamlines featuring side-bounce (single-reflection) diamond monochromators at Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) are described. Undulator radiation is monochromated using an interchangeable set of diamond crystal plates reflecting radiation in the horizontal (synchrotron) plane, where each crystal plate is set to one of the low-index Bragg reflections (111, 220, 311 and 400) in either Bragg or Laue reflection geometries. At the nominal Bragg angle of 18° these reflections deliver monochromated X-rays with photon energies of 9.7, 15.9, 18.65 and 22.5 keV, respectively. An X-ray mirror downstream of the diamond monochromator is used for rejection of higher radiation harmonics and for initial focusing of the monochromated beam. The characteristics of the X-ray beam entering the experimental station were measured experimentally and compared with the results of simulations. A reasonable agreement is demonstrated. It is shown that the use of selected high-dislocation-density `mosaic' diamond single-crystal plates produced using the chemical vapor deposition method yields a few-fold enhancement in the flux density of the monochromated beam in comparison with that delivered by perfect crystals under the same conditions. At present, the Functional Materials Beamline at CHESS, which is used for time-resolved in situ characterization of soft materials during processing, has been outfitted with the described setup.

Composition of the demersal fish community in the bottom biotopes of 14 biostatistical areas of the Okhotsk Sea is considered on the data of 9,189 standard trawl catches obtained in 95 expeditions conducted by Pacific Fish. Res. Center (TINRO) in 1977–2010. The most abundant fish species in each area are ranked by biomass. The total demersal fish biomass is estimated as 9583.0 . 103 t (2124.9 . 103 t without pollock and herring). The most numerous demersal species are: pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, yellowfin sole Limanda aspera, pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, great sculpin Mycocephalus polyacanthocephalus, and saffron cod Eleginus gracilis.

Demersal fish biomass is quantitatively evaluated in the bottom biotopes at the depths to 2000 m at the continental slope of the Okhotsk Sea on the data of 2,545 trawl catches obtained in 1977–2010. The total long-term average biomass is estimated as 3695.9 . 103 t, including 31.6 % of walleye pollock, 19.5 % of giant grenadier, and 13.8 % of greenland halibut (2400.9 . 103 t without pollock). The average density of fish concentration is 3.2 t/km2 without pollock; it is rather uniform by depth: from 2.6 t/km2 for 200–300 m to 3.7 t/km2 for 700–1000 m.

Some conceptions on marine ecology of pacific salmons (Oncorhynchus spp.), established in the second half of the last century, are discussed from critical position, as overemphasizing of the sea surface temperature influence on distribution of salmons and formation of their year-classes strength, deficiency of food (particularly in winter time) and fierce competition for food, pink salmon «suppression» over other salmon species and own adjacent generations, limited carrying capacity of the Subarctic zone for salmons, distortion of the epipelagic communities structure in the North Pacific by mass artificial reproduction of chum salmon, etc. Most of these ideas have not been confirmed by the data of long-term monitoring in complex marine expeditions conducted by Pacific Fish. Res. Center (TINRO) in the Far-Eastern Seas and adjacent North Pacific waters since the 1980s till nowadays. The data show that pacific salmons are very ecologically plastic species with wide temperature range of habitat. Salmons are able to considerable vertical migrations crossing easily the temperature gradient zones and different water masses. They have wide feeding spectra. Migrating dispersed, they successfully get their ration, even in vast areas with relatively low concentration of prey (macroplankton and small nekton). Total biomass of all species of pacific salmons in the North Pacific does not exceed 4-5 million tons (1.5-2.0 million tons in the Russian waters), whereas the stocks of other mass species of nekton are hundreds of millions of tons. The salmons consume 1.0-5.0 % of the total consumption by nekton in the epipelagic layer in the western Bering Sea, 0.5-1.0 % in the Okhotsk Sea, 5.0-15.0 % at East Kamchatka, and less than 1 % in the Pacific waters at Kuril Islands, So, the role of pacific salmons in trophic nets of the Subarctic waters is rather moderate. Therefore, neither pink salmon, nor chum salmon can be seriously considered as the species responsible for reorganization of large ecosystems and fluctuating of other mass nekton species.

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is increasingly utilized to enhance the cytological yield of sampling solid lesions, but its superiority over existing fine-needle aspiration (FNA) platforms has not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy and procedural outcomes of FNB using a new Franseen-tip needle to that of a traditional FNA in sampling solid lesions under EUS guidance. Methods Consecutive patients with solid lesions referred for EUS-FNB sampling were included. Procedure-related outcomes were collected prospectively including patient demographics, number of passes performed, diagnostic sample adequacy, adverse events, and recovery time. The Acquire needle was used to sample all lesions in the study group. Consecutive EUS-FNA procedures performed to sample solid lesions using the Expect needle were utilized as controls. Results There were 180 patients undergoing EUS-FNB compared to 183 patients undergoing EUS-FNA procedures for solid-lesion sampling. The procedure time was significantly shorter in patients who underwent FNB compared to FNA (mean: 37.4 vs 44.9 minutes, P Conclusions An FNB-exclusive approach to sampling solid lesions under EUS guidance is safe and feasible, and may result in fewer overall passes, shorter procedure time, and improved diagnostic adequacy. FNB may replace FNA as the primary sampling modality of choice in all solid lesions.

During the summer and fall of 2018 the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) is undergoing an upgrade to increase high-energy flux for x-ray users. The upgrade requires replacing one-sixth of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), inverting the polarity of half of the CHESS beam lines, and switching to single-beam on-axis operation. The new sextant is comprised of six double-bend achromats (DBAs) with combined-function dipole-quadrupoles. Although the DBA design is widely utilized and well understood, the constraints for the CESR modifications make the CHESS-U lattice unique. This paper describes the design objectives, constraints, and implementation for the CESR accelerator upgrade for CHESS-U.

In 2018 KYMA S.r.l. has built six CHESS Compact Undulators (CCU) that will be used in Cornell Electron Storage Ring upgrade. This type of undulator is a cost efficient, fixed gap, adjustable phase ID. It has been developed in Cornell for Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, but it can be used elsewhere as well.

BACKGROUND Severe acute liver injury (S-ALI) can lead to acute liver and multisystem failure, with high mortality and need for liver transplantation (LT); however, the burden and impact of liver disease and comorbid conditions are unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS We assessed liver disease and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in adults without cirrhosis evaluated for LT at our center for S-ALI between 2004 and 2017. The study endpoints were 30-day death or LT and 90-day mortality (with LT as a competing risk). RESULTS A total of 136 patients with S-ALI were included; 13% had underlying liver disease and a higher Model for End-stage Liver Disease score than those without liver disease. Sixty patients (41%) died or underwent LT within 30 days. They were older and more frequently female and had disease of autoimmune, viral, or indeterminate etiology. Transplant-free survival was associated with acetaminophen injury. The mean CCI was higher in patients with 30-day mortality or LT (1.5±2.4) vs. LT-free survivors (0.8±1.2), (P=0.03). Beyond severity of illness, CCI was associated with increased 90-day mortality (subhazard ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.35) but not 30-day mortality or LT in the risk-adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS Comorbidity burden may be an important modifier of transplant-free survival in patients with S-ALI, but further studies are needed to validate these findings.

Individuals involved in a social interaction exhibit different behavioral traits that, in combination, form the individual’s behavioral responses. Selectively bred strains of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) demonstrate markedly different behaviors in their response to humans. To identify the genetic basis of these behavioral differences we constructed a large F2 population including 537 individuals by cross-breeding tame and aggressive fox strains. 98 fox behavioral traits were recorded during social interaction with a human experimenter in a standard four-step test. Patterns of fox behaviors during the test were evaluated using principal component (PC) analysis. Genetic mapping identified eight unique significant and suggestive QTL. Mapping results for the PC phenotypes from different test steps showed little overlap suggesting that different QTL are involved in regulation of behaviors exhibited in different behavioral contexts. Many individual behavioral traits mapped to the same genomic regions as PC phenotypes. This provides additional information about specific behaviors regulated by these loci. Further, three pairs of epistatic loci were also identified for PC phenotypes suggesting more complex genetic architecture of the behavioral differences between the two strains than what has previously been observed.

Influence of several factors (water temperature, food supply, predatory, size of juveniles) on pacific salmons survival during wintering is considered on the data collected from the upper pelagic layer in surveys conducted by Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO) in the North-West Pacific. There is highly unlikely that the temperature influences on fish mortality directly. There is no obvious proof of negative influence of the low temperature on food base of salmons, as well. The lowering of forage zooplankton biomass in the Subarctic Front zone in February-March is insufficient for the salmons starvation taking into account that the total abundance of planktivorous nekton is also lowered in this area and generally in the Subarctic waters in winter-spring, so the food supply cannot be considered as a crucial factor of the salmons survival. Seasonal changes with lowering of feeding intensity, lipid accumulation, and somatic growth in winter known for pacific salmons aren’t forced by poor food base but are a feature of their species-specific life strategy with cyclic changes of metabolism. Predators are not abundant in the Subarctic zone in winter, so the predatory also cannot cause the high mortality of salmons. Relationship between the size of juveniles and their mortality in winter is considered in detail for the Okhotsk Sea stocks of pink salmon and there is concluded that the size of juveniles cannot be a predictor of their year-classes return for spawning. Thus, any single factor doesn’t determine winter mortality of pacific salmons but their survival is likely determined by a complex interaction of abiotic and biotic factors.

INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGES ON STUDENTS' HEALTH OF SIBERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY Authors Temnykh A.S. bogasch@yandex.ru Siberian Federal University Free str. 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia Bogashchenko Yu.A. bogasch@yandex.ru Siberian Federal University Free str. 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia Abstract The results of statistical researches of morbidity of students of university are presented in times of socio-economic reforms from 1990 to 2011. 1775 students took part in an experiment. The tendency of decline of health of young people level is marked. It is set that principal reason of increase of morbidity is an unhealthy way of life of young people and low level of motive activity. The annual medical inspection of all of students, engaged in a physical culture and sport is recommended. The necessity of maintainance is marked for an educational process on a physical culture volume of employments in an amount 408 hours on 1, 2 and 3 courses. An increase of activity of students and efficiency of employments is possibly at the permanent improvement of financial base. It is recommended to organize in student dormitories sporting rooms with the proper equipment. Key words student; health; diseases; way of life; References Bogashchenko Iu.A. Izmeneniia nekotorykh pokazatelej fizicheskogo sostoianiia studentov za gody social'no-ekonomicheskikh reform [Changes of some indexes of bodily condition of students for years of socio-economic reforms]. Sistema fizkul'turnogo obrazovaniia v Sibiri [The system of athletic education in Siberia], Irkutsk, 2001, pp. 38-40. Bogashchenko Iu.A., Zyrianova V.I., Podoliak N.M. Fizicheskaia kul'tura: uchebnaia specializaciia "Zdorovyj obraz zhizni" [Physical culture: educational specialization the "Healthy way of life"], Krasnoyarsk, KSTU, 2006, 158 p. Dergach E.A., Temnykh A.S., Aleksandrova L.I. Sravnitel'nyj analiz zabolevanij studentov special'nogo medicinskogo otdeleniia v Sibirskom federal'nom universitete [A comparative analysis of diseases of students of the special medical separation in the Siberian Federal University]. Fizicheskaia kul'tura i sport v sisteme obrazovaniia [Physical culture and sport in the system of education], Krasnoyarsk, 2011, pp. 293-297. Rebrova D.N. Adaptaciia byvshikh shkol'nikov k specifike vuzovskogo obucheniia [Adaptation of former schoolchildren to the specific of the higher teaching institute]. Vuz. Zdorov'e. Intellekt: ozdorovitel'nye social'nye pedagogicheskie tekhnologii [Higher institute. Health. Intellect: health social pedagogical technologies], Volgograd, 2003, pp. 115-117. Rozhkov P.A. Teoriia i praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury [Theory and practice of physical culture], 2002, vol.5, pp. 20-22. Temnykh A.S., Bogashchenko Iu.A., Muller A.B. Zdorov'e studentov vo vremia social'no-ekonomicheskikh potriasenij [Health of students during socio-economic shocks]. Nacional'naia ideia zdorov'e naroda [A national idea is a health of people], Orel, 1998, pp. 123-124. Temnykh A.S., Muller A.B., Doroshenko S.A. Zabolevaemost' studentov [Morbidity of students]. Obrazovanie i zdorov'e [Education and health], Kaluga, 1999, pp. 164-166. Temnykh A.S., Bogashchenko Iu.A. Sravnitel'nyj analiz zabolevaemosti pervokursnikov SMG do i vo vremia social'no-ekonomicheskikh reform [Comparative analysis of morbidity of freshmen to and during socio-economic reforms]. Obrazovanie i zdorov'e [Education and health], Kaluga, 1999, pp. 166-167. Temnykh A.S., Bogashchenko Iu.A., Riabinina R.A. Analiz zabolevaemosti studentov [Analysis of morbidity of students]. Organizaciia i metodika uchebnogo processa, fizkul'turno-ozdorovitel'noj i sportivnoj raboty [Organization and method of educational process, to athletic-health-improvement and sporting work], Rostov, 2002, pp. 66-68. Futornyj C.M., Kashuba V.A. Pedagogika, psihologia ta mediko-biologicni problemi fizicnogo vihovanna i sportu [Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports], 2011, vol.2, pp. 127-131. Daniel McKennitt, Michael Arget, Justin Pahara, Latisha Hewton-Backfat, Darren Gray. Identification and development of aboriginal health leadership skills. Context Journal. 2010, vol.3, pp. 45-51. First page 108 Last page 113 Volume 6 Year 2012 doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.96602 Title of Journal Fiziceskoe vospitanie studentov=Physical Education of Students Article PDF, full text Journal HTML, Contents

In November 2014 two in-air 1.5m CHESS Compact Undulator (CCU) magnets built by KYMA S.R.l. were installed in Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) in canted arrangement and after few days of commissioning their regular operation started. CCU magnets are compact, lightweight and cost efficient devices. They have very stable magnetic field integrals independent of deflection parameter value. This feature greatly simplifies the storage ring operation. The CCU concept was developed at Cornell in 2011 and the first 1m in-vacuum CCU magnet was beam-tested in 2012. The article presents CCU concept and some details of the design. It describes also the layout of CCUs installation in CESR, their performance and characteristics. The current status of operation and future plans are discussed as well. Presently, at CHESS two CCU magnets provide radiation for 5 out of 11 experimental stations.

Specimens of small (< 1 mm) cyclopoid copepods of the genus Oithona were collected from Sevastopol Bay and an offshore area of the Black Sea. On the basis of a combination of characteristics such as those in the maxillule and the genital double-somite, the specimens were identified as O. davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984. The identity of “O. brevicornis” that was reported in the Black Sea and the possible origin of O. davisae in the Black Sea are discussed.

The foxes at Novosibirsk, Russia, are the only population of domesticated foxes in the world. These domesticated foxes originated from farm-bred silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes), whose genetic source is unknown. In this study we examined the origin of the domesticated strain of foxes and two other farm-bred fox populations (aggressive and unselected) maintained in Novosibirsk. To identify the phylogenetic origin of these populations we sequenced two regions of mtDNA, cytochrome b and D-loop, from 24 Novosibirsk foxes (8 foxes from each population) and compared them with corresponding sequences of native red foxes from Europe, Asia, Alaska and Western Canada, Eastern Canada, and the Western Mountains of the USA. We identified seven cytochrome b - D-loop haplotypes in Novosibirsk populations, four of which were previously observed in Eastern North America. The three remaining haplotypes differed by one or two base change from the most common haplotype in Eastern Canada. Φ(ST) analysis showed significant differentiation between Novosibirsk populations and red fox populations from all geographic regions except Eastern Canada. No haplotypes of Eurasian origin were identified in the Novosibirsk populations. These results are consistent with historical records indicating that the original breeding stock of farm-bred foxes originated from Prince Edward Island, Canada. Mitochondrial DNA data together with historical records indicate two stages in the selection of domesticated foxes: the first includes captive breeding for ~50 years with unconscious selection for behaviour; the second corresponds to over 50 further years of intensive selection for tame behaviour.