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In the field of acoustic scene analysis, this paper presents a novel approach to find spatio-temporal latent representations from in-the-wild audio data. By using WE-LIVE, an in-house collected dataset that includes audio recordings in diverse real-world environments together with sparse GPS coordinates, self-annotated emotional and situational labels, we tackle the challenging task of associating each audio segment with its corresponding location as a pretext task, with the final aim of acoustically detecting violent (anomalous) contexts, left as further work. By generating acoustic embeddings and using the self-supervised learning paradigm, we aim to use the model-generated latent space to acoustically characterize the spatio-temporal context. We use YAMNet, an acoustic events classifier trained in AudioSet to temporally locate and identify acoustic events in WE-LIVE. In order to transform the discrete acoustic events into embeddings, we compare the information-retrieval-based TF-IDF algorithm and Node2Vec as an analogy to Natural Language Processing techniques. A VAE is then trained to provide a further adapted latent space. The analysis was carried out by measuring the cosine distance and visualizing data distribution via t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding, revealing distinct acoustic scenes. Specifically, we discern variations between indoor and subway environments. Notably, these distinctions emerge within the latent space of the VAE, a stark contrast to the random distribution of data points before encoding. In summary, our research contributes a pioneering approach for extracting spatio-temporal latent representations from in-the-wild audio data., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures

This study addresses the critical issue of gender-based violence's (GBV) impact on women's mental health. GBV, encompassing physical and sexual aggression, often results in long-lasting adverse effects for the victims, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based speech technologies have proven valuable for mental health assessments. However, these technologies experience performance challenges when confronted with speakers whose data has not been used for training. Our research presents a novel approach to speaker-agnostic detection of the gender-based violence victim condition (GBVVC), focusing on the development of robust AI models capable of generalization across diverse speakers. Leveraging advanced deep learning models and domain-adversarial training techniques, we minimize speaker identity's influence, achieving a 26.95% relative reduction in speaker identification ability while enhancing the GBVVC detection by a 6.37% relative improvement in the accuracy. This shows that models can focus on discriminative paralinguistic biomarkers that enhance the GBVVC prediction, and reduce the subject-specific traits' impact. Additionally, our model's predictions moderately correlate with pre-clinical PTSD symptoms, emphasizing the link between GBV and mental health. This work paves the way for AI-powered tools to aid mental health professionals in addressing this societal issue, offering a promising baseline for further research.

We investigate the high-energy behavior of the elastic scattering amplitude using the eikonal and $U$-matrix unitarization schemes. This work extends the analysis in [1] by exploring the sensitivity of the Pomeron and Odderon parameters to the inclusion of differential cross-section data over an extended range of $|t|$., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Presented at "New Trends in High-Energy and Low-x Physics'', Sfantu Gheorghe, Romania, September 1-5, 2024

Heatwaves (HWs) are extreme atmospheric events that produce significant societal and environmental impacts. Predicting these extreme events remains challenging, as their complex interactions with large-scale atmospheric and climatic variables are difficult to capture with traditional statistical and dynamical models. This work presents a general method for driver identification in extreme climate events. A novel framework (STCO-FS) is proposed to identify key immediate (short-term) HW drivers by combining clustering algorithms with an ensemble evolutionary algorithm. The framework analyzes spatio-temporal data, reduces dimensionality by grouping similar geographical nodes for each variable, and develops driver selection in spatial and temporal domains, identifying the best time lags between predictive variables and HW occurrences. The proposed method has been applied to analyze HWs in the Adda river basin in Italy. The approach effectively identifies significant variables influencing HWs in this region. This research can potentially enhance our understanding of HW drivers and predictability., Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables

This study deals with the understanding of hydrogen atom scattering from graphene, a process critical for exploring C-H bond formation and energy transfer during the atom surface collision. In our previous work (J.Chem.Phys \textbf{159}, 194102, (2023)), starting from a cell with 24 carbon atoms treated periodically, we have achieved quantum dynamics (QD) simulations with a reduced-dimensional model (15D) and a simulation in full dimensionality (75D). In the former work, the H atom attacked the top of a single C atom, enabling a comparison of QD simulation results with classical molecular dynamics (cMD). Our approach required the use of sophisticated techniques such as Monte Carlo Canonical Polyadic Decomposition (MCCPD) and Multilayer Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH), as well as a further development of quantum flux calculations. We could benchmark our calculations by comparison with cMD calculations. We have now refined our method to better mimic experimental conditions. Specifically, rather than sending the H atom to a specific position on the surface, we have employed a plane wave for the H atom in directions parallel to the surface. Key findings for these new simulations include the identification of discrepancies between classical molecular dynamics (cMD) simulations and experiments, which are attributed to both the potential energy surface (PES) and quantum effects. Additionally, the study sheds light on the role of classical collective normal modes during collisions, providing insights into energy transfer processes. The results validate the robustness of our simulation methodologies and highlight the importance of considering quantum mechanical effects in the study of hydrogen-graphene interactions.

All-atom molecular simulations offer detailed insights into macromolecular phenomena, but their substantial computational cost hinders the exploration of complex biological processes. We introduce Advanced Machine-learning Atomic Representation Omni-force-field (AMARO), a new neural network potential (NNP) that combines an O(3)-equivariant message-passing neural network architecture, TensorNet, with a coarse-graining map that excludes hydrogen atoms. AMARO demonstrates the feasibility of training coarser NNP, without prior energy terms, to run stable protein dynamics with scalability and generalization capabilities.

The TESS mission searches for transiting exoplanets by monitoring the brightness of hundreds of thousands of stars across the entire sky. M-type planet hosts are ideal targets for this mission due to their smaller size and cooler temperatures, which makes it easier to detect smaller planets near or within their habitable zones. Additionally, M~dwarfs have a smaller contrast ratio between the planet and the star, making it easier to measure the planet's properties accurately. Here, we report the validation analysis of 13 TESS exoplanet candidates orbiting around M dwarfs. We studied the nature of these candidates through a multi-colour transit photometry transit analysis using several ground-based instruments (MuSCAT2, MuSCAT3, and LCO-SINISTRO), high-spatial resolution observations, and TESS light curves. We present the validation of five new planetary systems: TOI-1883b, TOI-2274b, TOI2768b, TOI-4438b, and TOI-5319b, along with compelling evidence of a planetary nature for TOIs 2781b and 5486b. We also present an empirical definition for the Neptune desert boundaries. The remaining six systems could not be validated due to large true radius values overlapping with the brown dwarf regime or, alternatively, the presence of chromaticity in the MuSCAT2 light curves.

We present ground-based photometric observations of secondary eclipses of the hottest known planet KELT-9b using MuSCAT2 and Sinistro. We detect secondary eclipse signals in $i$ and $z_{\rm s}$ with eclipse depths of $373^{+74}_{-75}$ ppm and $638^{+199}_{-178}$, respectively. We perform an atmospheric retrieval on the emission spectrum combined with the data from HST/WFC3, Spitzer, TESS, and CHEOPS to obtain the temperature profile and chemical abundances, including TiO and VO, which have been thought to produce temperature inversion structures in the dayside of ultra-hot Jupiters. While we confirm a strong temperature inversion structure, we find low abundances of TiO and VO with mixing ratios of $\rm{log(TiO)}=-7.80^{+0.15}_{-0.30}$ and $\rm{log(VO)}=-9.60^{+0.64}_{-0.57}$, respectively. The low abundances of TiO and VO are consistent with theoretical predictions for such an ultra-hot atmosphere. In such low abundances, TiO and VO have little effect on the temperature structure of the atmosphere. The abundance of ${\rm e}^{-}$, which serves as a proxy for ${\rm H}^{-}$ ions in this study, is found to be high, with $\rm{log(e^-)}=-4.89\pm{0.06}$. These results indicate that the temperature inversion in KELT-9 b's dayside atmosphere is likely not caused by TiO/VO, but rather by the significant abundance of ${\rm H}^{-}$ ions. The best-fit model cannot fully explain the observed spectrum, and chemical species not included in the retrieval may introduce modeling biases. Future observations with broader wavelength coverage and higher spectral resolution are expected to provide more accurate diagnostics on the presence and abundances of TiO/VO. These advanced observations will overcome the limitations of current data from HST and photometric facilities, which are constrained by narrow wavelength coverage and instrumental systematics., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in PASJ

From the graviton-graviton scattering amplitudes calculated perturbatively in quantum gravity to the one-loop order, we develop further a formalism that allows one to calculate infrared-finite partial-wave amplitudes fulfilling perturbative unitarity. As a result of this process a parameter dubbed $\ln a$ emerges that separate between infrared and typical external momenta. The resulting partial-wave amplitudes are next unitarized by employing the Inverse Amplitude Method and the algebraic-$N/D$ method. Then, the graviball resonance, with a similar pole position, is confirmed in the $S$-wave partial-wave amplitude for all unitarization methods, also with respect to the unitarization of only the leading-order amplitude. Based on the requirement for a well-behaved unitarized effective-field theory of gravity, we can exclude values $\ln a\lesssim 0.5$, and obtain hints that larger ones $\ln a\gtrsim 1.7$ are disfavored too. Briefly, we discuss the $D$-wave scattering that is weaker than the $S-$wave scattering, repulsive and non-resonant for $\ln a\approx 1$., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures

We have calculated the one-loop scattering amplitude of an electron by an external Coulomb potential in QED free of infrared divergences. This feature is achieved by applying the Faddeev-Kulish formalism, which implies a redefinition of both the asymptotic electronic states and of the $S$ matrix. Additionally, we have also derived the infrared-finite one-loop partial-wave amplitudes for this process by applying a recent method in the literature. Next, these partial-wave amplitudes are unitarized based on analyticity and unitarity by employing three different methods of unitarization: the algebraic $N/D$ method, the Inverse Amplitude Method and the first iterated $N/D$ method. Then, we have studied several partial waves both for physical momentum and for complex ones to look for bound-state poles. The binding momentum for the fundamental bound state in $S$ wave is discussed with special detail. This is a wide-ranging method for calculating nonperturbative partial-wave amplitudes for infinite-range interactions that could be applied to many other systems., Comment: 38 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; 2nd version to match the published one. Interesting discussions are added to Sec.6 up to subsection 6.2

In this paper we consider the K-theory of smooth algebraic stacks, establish lambda and gamma operations, and show that the higher K-theory of such stacks is always a pre-lambda-ring, and is a lambda-ring if every coherent sheaf is the quotient of a vector bundle. As a consequence, we are able to define Adams operations and absolute cohomology for smooth algebraic stacks satisfying this hypothesis. We also obtain a comparison of the absolute cohomology with the equivariant higher Chow groups in certain special cases., Comment: To appear in the Annals of K-theory

Let $\omega$ be a radial weight, $0

The boundedness of the small Hankel operator $h^\omega_{f}(g)=\overline{P_\omega}(fg)$ induced by a measurable symbol $f$ and the Bergman projection $P_\omega$ associated to a radial weight $\omega$ acting from the weighted Bergman space $A^p_\omega$ to its conjugate analytic counterpart $\overline{A^p_\omega}$ is characterized on the range $1

Let $\omega$ be a radial weight on the unit disc of the complex plane $\mathbb{D}$ and denote $\omega_x =\int_0^1 s^x \omega(s)\,ds$, $x\ge 0$, for the moments of $\omega$ and $\widehat{\omega}(r)=\int_r^1 \omega(s)\,ds$ for the tail integrals. A radial weight $\omega$ belongs to the class $\widehat{\mathcal{D}}$ if satisfies the upper doubling condition $$\sup_{0

We revisit the nonabelian dipole problem in the context of a simple semiclassical approach which incorporates some essential features of the infrared sector of Yang-Mills theories in the Landau gauge, in particular, the fact that the running coupling remains of moderate size at infrared scales. We obtain a simple flux-tube solution in a controlled approximation scheme, that we compare to the results of lattice simulations., Comment: 6 pages; 3 figures

Sub-Neptunes with $2-3R_\oplus$ are intermediate in size between rocky planets and Neptune-sized planets. The orbital properties and bulk compositions of transiting sub-Neptunes provide clues to the formation and evolution of close-in small planets. In this paper, we present the discovery and follow-up of four sub-Neptunes orbiting M dwarfs (TOI-782, TOI-1448, TOI-2120, and TOI-2406), three of which were newly validated by ground-based follow-up observations and statistical analyses. TOI-782 b, TOI-1448 b, TOI-2120 b, and TOI-2406 b have radii of $R_\mathrm{p} = 2.740^{+0.082}_{-0.079}\,R_\oplus$, $2.769^{+0.073}_{-0.068}\,R_\oplus$, $2.120\pm0.067\,R_\oplus$, and $2.830^{+0.068}_{-0.066}\,R_\oplus$ and orbital periods of $P = 8.02$, $8.11$, $5.80$, and $3.08$\,days, respectively. Doppler monitoring with Subaru/InfraRed Doppler instrument led to 2$\sigma$ upper limits on the masses of $<19.1\ M_\oplus$, $<19.5\ M_\oplus$, $<6.8\ M_\oplus$, and $<15.6\ M_\oplus$ for TOI-782 b, TOI-1448 b, TOI-2120 b, and TOI-2406 b, respectively. The mass-radius relationship of these four sub-Neptunes testifies to the existence of volatile material in their interiors. These four sub-Neptunes, which are located above the so-called ``radius valley'', are likely to retain a significant atmosphere and/or an icy mantle on the core, such as a water world. We find that at least three of the four sub-Neptunes (TOI-782 b, TOI-2120 b, and TOI-2406 b) orbiting M dwarfs older than 1 Gyr, are likely to have eccentricities of $e \sim 0.2-0.3$. The fact that tidal circularization of their orbits is not achieved over 1 Gyr suggests inefficient tidal dissipation in their interiors., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ, 32 pages, 17 figures, 6 tables

In the present paper, we discuss applications of the derived completion theorems proven in our previous two papers. One of the main applications is to Riemann-Roch problems for forms of higher equivariant K-theory, which we are able to establish in great generality both for equivariant G-theory and equivariant homotopy K-theory with respect to actions of linear algebraic groups on normal quasi-projective schemes over a given field. We show such Riemann-Roch theorems apply to all toric and spherical varieties. We also obtain Lefschetz-Riemann-Roch theorems involving the fixed point schemes with respect to actions of diagonalizable group schemes. We also show the existence of certain spectral sequences that compute the homotopy groups of the derived completions of equivariant G-theory starting with equivariant Borel-Moore motivic cohomology.

In the mid 1980s, while working on establishing completion theorems for equivariant Algebraic K-Theory similar to the well-known completion theorems for equivariant topological K-theory, the late Robert Thomason found the strong finiteness conditions that are required in such theorems to be too restrictive. Then he made a conjecture on the existence of a completion theorem for equivariant Algebraic G-theory, for actions of linear algebraic groups on schemes that holds without any of the strong finiteness conditions that are required in such theorems proven by him. In an earlier work by the first two authors, we solved this conjecture by providing a derived completion theorem for equivariant G-theory. In the present paper, we provide a similar derived completion theorem for the homotopy Algebraic K-theory of equivariant perfect complexes, on schemes that need not be regular. Our solution is broad enough to allow actions by all linear algebraic groups, irrespective of whether they are connected or not, and acting on any normal quasi-projective scheme of finite type over a field, irrespective of whether they are regular or projective. This allows us therefore to consider the Equivariant Homotopy Algebraic K-Theory of large classes of varieties like all toric varieties (for the action of a torus) and all spherical varieties (for the action of a reductive group). With finite coefficients invertible in the base fields, we are also able to obtain such derived completion theorems for equivariant algebraic K-theory but with respect to actions of diagonalizable group schemes. These enable us to obtain a wide range of applications, several of which are also explored., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1906.06827

We compute the four-gluon vertex from the Curci-Ferrari model at one-loop order for a collinear configuration. Our results display a good agreement with the first lattice data for this vertex, released very recently (arXiv:2401.12008). A noteworthy novelty of our work is that we can provide analytical expressions for the four-gluon vertex in collinear configurations, together with a renormalization scheme that allows us to perform reliable perturbative computations even in the infrared regime. We observe an infrared suppression in the form factor associated with the tree-level four-gluon tensor with a possible zero-crossing in the deep infrared which demands new lattice investigations to be confirmed. Moreover, we report an infrared divergence in the completely symmetric tensor form factor due to the ghost-loop contributions. These results come as predictions since previous two-point correlations fix all the available parameters of the model, up to an overall constant factor., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, 1 appendix. Accepted for publication in PRD

In this letter, we present an extension to TensorNet, a state-of-the-art equivariant Cartesian tensor neural network potential, allowing it to handle charged molecules and spin states without architectural changes or increased costs. By incorporating these attributes, we address input degeneracy issues, enhancing the model's predictive accuracy across diverse chemical systems. This advancement significantly broadens TensorNet's applicability, maintaining its efficiency and accuracy.

Average circuit eigenvalue sampling (ACES) was introduced by Flammia in arXiv:2108.05803 as a protocol to characterize the Pauli error channels of individual gates across the device simultaneously. The original paper posed using ACES to characterize near-term devices as an open problem. This work advances in this direction by presenting a full implementation of ACES for real devices and deploying it to Superstaq arXiv:2309.05157, along with a device-tailored resource estimation obtained through simulations and experiments. Our simulations show that ACES is able to estimate one- and two-qubit non-uniform Pauli error channels to an average eigenvalue absolute error of under $0.003$ and total variation distance of under 0.001 between simulated and reconstructed probability distributions over Pauli errors with $10^5$ shots per circuit using 5 circuits of depth 14. The question of estimating general error channels through twirling techniques in real devices remains open, as it is dependent on a device's native gates, but simulations with the Clifford set show results in agreement with reported hardware data. Experimental results on IBM's Algiers and Osaka devices are presented, where we characterize their error channels as Pauli channels without twirling., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

LHCb has observed giant CP violation in localized regions of the Dalitz plots of B to three charmless light mesons. This has been interpreted as an enhancement due to strong two-body final state interactions. In this talk, we show how such interactions, described with dispersive analyses of data, can be implemented beyond the leading order expansion in the two-body re-scattering amplitude., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, presented at ExcitedQCD 2024

Achieving a balance between computational speed, prediction accuracy, and universal applicability in molecular simulations has been a persistent challenge. This paper presents substantial advancements in the TorchMD-Net software, a pivotal step forward in the shift from conventional force fields to neural network-based potentials. The evolution of TorchMD-Net into a more comprehensive and versatile framework is highlighted, incorporating cutting-edge architectures such as TensorNet. This transformation is achieved through a modular design approach, encouraging customized applications within the scientific community. The most notable enhancement is a significant improvement in computational efficiency, achieving a very remarkable acceleration in the computation of energy and forces for TensorNet models, with performance gains ranging from 2-fold to 10-fold over previous iterations. Other enhancements include highly optimized neighbor search algorithms that support periodic boundary conditions and the smooth integration with existing molecular dynamics frameworks. Additionally, the updated version introduces the capability to integrate physical priors, further enriching its application spectrum and utility in research. The software is available at https://github.com/torchmd/torchmd-net., Comment: Version accepted in Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation

Correlation functions are important probes for the behavior of quantum field theories. Already at tree-level, the Refined Gribov Zwanziger (RGZ) effective action for Yang-Mills theories provides a good approximation for the gluon propagator, as compared to that calculated by nonperturbative methods such as Lattice Field Theory and Dyson-Schwinger Equations. However, the study of higher correlation functions of the RGZ theory is still at its beginning. In this work we evaluate the ghost-antighost-gluon vertex function in Landau gauge at one-loop level, in $d=4$ space-time dimensions for the gauge groups SU(2) and SU(3). More precisely, we extend the analysis conducted in [1] for the soft-gluon limit to an arbitrary kinematic configuration. We introduce renormalization group effects by means of a toy model for the running coupling and investigate the impact of such a model in the ultraviolet tails of our results. We find that RGZ results match fairly closely those from lattice simulations, Schwinger-Dyson equations and the Curci-Ferrari model for three different kinematic configurations. This is compatible with RGZ being a feasible theory for the strong interaction in the infrared regime., Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures

In a recent paper of the authors together with A. Aleman, it is shown that the Bloch space $\mathcal{B}$ in the unit disc has the following radicality property: if an analytic function $g$ satisfies that $g^n\in \mathcal{B}$, then $g^m\in \mathcal{B}$, for all $m\le n$. Since $\mathcal{B}$ coincides with the space $\mathcal{T}(A^p_\alpha)$ of analytic symbols $g$ such that the Volterra-type operator $T_gf(z)= \int_0^z f(\zeta)g'(\zeta)\,d\zeta$ is bounded on the classical weighted Bergman space $A^p_\alpha$, the radicality property was used to study the composition of paraproducts $T_g$ and $S_gf=T_fg$ on $A^p_{\alpha}$. Motivated by this fact, we prove that $\mathcal{T}(A^p_\omega)$ also has the radicality property, for any radial weight $\omega$. Unlike the classical case, the lack of a precise description of $\mathcal{T}(A^p_\omega)$ for a general radial weight, induces us to prove the radicality property for $A^p_\omega$ from precise norm-operator results for compositions of analytic paraproducts.

We study the high-energy behavior of the elastic scattering amplitude using two distinct unitarization schemes: the eikonal and the $U$-matrix. Our analysis begins with a formalism involving solely Pomerons, incorporating pion-loop insertions in the Pomeron trajectory representing the nearest singularity generated by $t$-channel unitarity. Subsequently, we explore a scenario that includes the presence of an Odderon. In our analyses, we explore the tension between the TOTEM and the ATLAS measurements for $\sigma_{tot}$ and $d\sigma/dt$ at 7, 8, and 13 TeV, and the subsequent implications for the properties of both the Pomeron and Odderon. Our results show that the Odderon phase factor $\xi_{\Bbb O}= -1$ is favored in both unitarization schemes, supporting an Odderon with a phase opposite to that of other crossing-odd components of the scattering amplitude. More interestingly, this specific phase factor stands as the sole one that aligns with results consistent with a non-zero Odderon coupling., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables, version to be published in Phys. Rev. D

The aim of this paper is to compute one-day-ahead prediction regions for daily curves of electricity demand and price. Three model-based procedures to construct general prediction regions are proposed, all of them using bootstrap algorithms. The first proposed method considers any $L_p$ norm for functional data to measure the distance between curves, the second one is designed to take different variabilities along the curve into account, and the third one takes advantage of the notion of depth of a functional data. The regression model with functional response on which our proposed prediction regions are based is rather general: it allows to include both endogenous and exogenous functional variables, as well as exogenous scalar variables; in addition, the effect of such variables on the response one is modeled in a parametric, nonparametric or semi-parametric way. A comparative study is carried out to analyse the performance of these prediction regions for the electricity market of mainland Spain, in year 2012. This work extends and complements the methods and results in Aneiros et al. (2016) (focused on curve prediction) and Vilar et al. (2018) (focused on prediction intervals), which use the same database as here.

We validate the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) object of interest TOI-2266.01 (TIC 348911) as a small transiting planet (most likely a super-Earth) orbiting a faint M5 dwarf ($V=16.54$) on a 2.33~d orbit. The validation is based on an approach where multicolour transit light curves are used to robustly estimate the upper limit of the transiting object's radius. Our analysis uses SPOC-pipeline TESS light curves from Sectors 24, 25, 51, and 52, simultaneous multicolour transit photometry observed with MuSCAT2, MuSCAT3, and HiPERCAM, and additional transit photometry observed with the LCOGT telescopes. TOI-2266 b is found to be a planet with a radius of $1.54\pm\0.09\,R_\oplus$, which locates it at the edge of the transition zone between rocky planets, water-rich planets, and sub-Neptunes (the so-called M~dwarf radius valley). The planet is amenable to ground-based radial velocity mass measurement with red-sensitive spectrographs installed in large telescopes, such as MAROON-X and Keck Planet Finder (KPF), which makes it a valuable addition to a relatively small population of planets that can be used to probe the physics of the transition zone. Further, the planet's orbital period of 2.33 days places it inside a `keystone planet' wedge in the period-radius plane where competing planet formation scenarios make conflicting predictions on how the radius valley depends on the orbital period. This makes the planet also a welcome addition to the small population of planets that can be used to test small-planet formation scenarios around M~dwarfs., Comment: Accepted to A&A

Accurate physical parameters of exoplanet systems are essential for further exploration of planetary internal structure, atmospheres, and formation history. We aim to use simultaneous multicolour transit photometry to improve the estimation of transit parameters, to search for transit timing variations (TTVs), and to establish which of our targets should be prioritised for follow-up transmission spectroscopy. We performed time series photometric observations of 12 transits for the hot Jupiters HAT-P-19b, HAT-P-51b, HAT-P-55b, and HAT-P-65b using the simultaneous four-colour camera MuSCAT2 on the Telescopio Carlos S\'anchez. We collected 56 additional transit light curves from TESS photometry. To derive transit parameters, we modelled the MuSCAT2 light curves with Gaussian processes to account for correlated noise. To derive physical parameters, we performed EXOFASTv2 global fits to the available transit and radial velocity data sets, together with the Gaia DR3 parallax, isochrones, and spectral energy distributions. To assess the potential for atmospheric characterisation, we compared the multicolour transit depths with a flat line and a clear atmosphere model. We consistently refined the transit and physical parameters. We improved the orbital period and ephemeris estimates, and found no evidence for TTVs or orbital decay. The MuSCAT2 broadband transmission spectra of HAT-P-19b and HAT-P-65b are consistent with previously published low-resolution transmission spectra. We also found that, except for HAT-P-65b, the assumption of a planetary atmosphere can improve the fit to the MuSCAT2 data. In particular, we identified HAT-P-55b as a priority target among these four planets for further atmospheric studies using transmission spectroscopy., Comment: Corrected a typo in T0 of HAT-P-65b (the correct value is 2458139.35067)

For a fixed analytic function g on the unit disc, we consider the analytic paraproducts induced by g, which are formally defined by $T_gf(z)=\int_0^zf(\zeta)g'(\zeta)d\zeta$, $S_gf(z)=\int_0^zf'(\zeta)g(\zeta)d\zeta$, and $M_gf(z)=g(z)f(z)$. We are concerned with the study of the boundedness of operators in the algebra $\mathcal{A}_g$ generated by the above operators acting on Hardy, or standard weighted Bergman spaces on the disc. The general question is certainly very challenging, since operators in $\mathcal{A}_g$ are finite linear combinations of finite products (words) of $T_g,S_g,M_g$ which may involve a large amount of cancellations to be understood. The results in the paper "Composition of analytic paraproducts, J. Math. Pures Appl. 158 (2022) 293--319" show that boundedness of operators in a fairly large subclass of $\mathcal{A}_g$ can be characterized by one of the conditions $g\in H^\infty$, or $g^n$ belongs to $BMOA$ or the Bloch space, for some integer $n>0$. However, it is also proved that there are many operators, even single words in $\mathcal{A}_g$ whose boundedness cannot be described in terms of these conditions. The present paper provides a considerable progress in this direction. Our main result provides a complete quantitative characterization of the boundedness of an arbitrary word in $\mathcal{A}_g$ in terms of a ``fractional power'' of the symbol $g$, that only depends on the number of appearances of each of the letters $T_g,S_g,M_g$ in the given word.

One of the prime material candidates to host the axion insulator state is EuIn$_{2}$As$_{2}$. First-principles calculations predicted the emergence of this exotic topological phase based on the assumption of a collinear antiferromagnetic structure. However, neutron scattering measurements revealed a more intricate magnetic ground state, characterized by two coexisting magnetic wavevectors, reached by successive thermal phase transitions. The proposed high and low temperature phases were a spin helix and a state with interpenetrating helical and antiferromagnetic order, termed a broken helix, respectively. Despite its complexity, the broken helix still protects the axion state because the product of time-reversal and a rotational symmetry is preserved. Here we identify the magnetic structure associated with these two phases using a multimodal approach that combines symmetry-sensitive optical probes, scattering, and group theoretical analysis. We find that the higher temperature phase hosts a nodal structure rather than a helix, characterized by a variation of the magnetic moment amplitude from layer to layer, with the moment vanishing entirely in every third Eu layer. The lower temperature structure is similar to the broken helix, with one important difference: the relative orientation of the magnetic structure and the lattice is not fixed, resulting in an `unpinned broken helix'. As a result of the breaking of rotational symmetry, the axion phase is not generically protected. Nevertheless, we show that it can be restored if the magnetic structure is tuned with externally-applied uniaxial strain. Finally, we present a spin Hamiltonian that identifies the spin interactions needed to account for the complex magnetic order in EuIn$_{2}$As$_{2}$. Our work highlights the importance of the multimodal approach in determining the symmetry of complex order-parameters., Comment: 32 pages, 21 figures

Machine learning plays an important and growing role in molecular simulation. The newest version of the OpenMM molecular dynamics toolkit introduces new features to support the use of machine learning potentials. Arbitrary PyTorch models can be added to a simulation and used to compute forces and energy. A higher-level interface allows users to easily model their molecules of interest with general purpose, pretrained potential functions. A collection of optimized CUDA kernels and custom PyTorch operations greatly improves the speed of simulations. We demonstrate these features on simulations of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore in water. Taken together, these features make it practical to use machine learning to improve the accuracy of simulations at only a modest increase in cost., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures

Tuberculosis (TB) is still recognized as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Recent advances in deep learning (DL) have shown to enhance radiologists' ability to interpret chest X-ray (CXR) images accurately and with fewer errors, leading to a better diagnosis of this disease. However, little work has been done to develop models capable of diagnosing TB that offer good performance while being efficient, fast and computationally inexpensive. In this work, we propose LightTBNet, a novel lightweight, fast and efficient deep convolutional network specially customized to detect TB from CXR images. Using a total of 800 frontal CXR images from two publicly available datasets, our solution yielded an accuracy, F1 and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.906, 0.907 and 0.961, respectively, on an independent test subset. The proposed model demonstrates outstanding performance while delivering a rapid prediction, with minimal computational and memory requirements, making it highly suitable for deployment in handheld devices that can be used in low-resource areas with high TB prevalence. Code publicly available at https://github.com/dani-capellan/LightTBNet., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. This paper has been accepted at ISBI 2023