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OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial impairments have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) based on analysis of mitochondria in peripheral tissues and cultured cells. We sought to assess whether mitochondrial abnormalities present in postmortem brain tissues of patients with FXTAS are also present in plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) from living carriers of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein1 (FMR1) gene premutations at an early asymptomatic stage of the disease continuum. METHODS: We utilized postmortem frozen cerebellar and frontal cortex samples from a cohort of eight patients with FXTAS and nine controls and measured the quantity and activity of the mitochondrial proteins complex IV and complex V. In addition, we evaluated the same measures in isolated plasma NDEVs by selective immunoaffinity capture targeting L1CAM from a separate cohort of eight FMR1 premutation carriers and four age-matched controls. RESULTS: Lower complex IV and V quantity and activity were observed in the cerebellum of FXTAS patients compared to controls, without any differences in total mitochondrial content. No patient-control differences were observed in the frontal cortex. In NDEVs, FMR1 premutation carriers compared to controls had lower activity of Complex IV and Complex V, but higher Complex V quantity. INTERPRETATION: Quantitative and functional abnormalities in mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes IV and V seen in the cerebellum of patients with FXTAS are also manifest in plasma NDEVs of FMR1 premutation carriers. Plasma NDEVs may provide further insights into mitochondrial pathologies in this syndrome and could potentially lead to the development of biomarkers for predicting symptomatic FXTAS among premutation carriers and disease monitoring.

Arthralgia, myalgia, acute interstitial pneumonia-like presentation, venous thromboembolism, cytopenia, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and cytokine storm are the clinical and laboratory findings associated with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which may mimic rheumatic syndromes. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and various clinical features can be seen in affected individuals. Differentiated diagnoses are quite broad in SLE. We present six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/ or antiphospholipid syndrome mimicking COVID-19 pneumonia.

Abstract Drought stress adversely affects plant growth, development, and yield. It can decrease seed germination, biomass accumulation, root proliferation, chlorophyll contents, and stomatal conductance. To overcome this critical issue, researchers suggest employing environmentally friendly approaches. The exogenous application of alanine (AL) acts as an osmolyte, which helps balance the cellular water under drought stress. It can also improve root architecture, biomass accumulation, and plant fertilizer use efficiency. Applying biochar can improve soil structure, water, and nutrient retention in soil, which are allied factors in enhancing plant growth under drought stress. Furthermore, the enrichment of potassium (K) in biochar also increases its availability to plants, directly regulating the stomatal conductance to alleviate drought stress. That’s why the current study aims to explore the combined effect of AL and potassium-enriched biochar (KBC) on fenugreek cultivated under drought stress. Four levels of AL (control, 2mM, 4mM, and 6mM) were applied with 0%, 1%, and 2% KBC in three replicates. Results showed that 2mM AL + 2%KBC showed significant improvement in plant length (5.24%), plant fresh weight (25.36%), plant dry weight (16.23%), chlorophyll a (7.80%), chlorophyll b (15.83%), total chlorophyll (10.65%) over the control under drought stress. A significant increase in shoot N, P, and K concentration compared to control under drought stress also validated the effectiveness of 2mM AL + 2%KBC. In conclusion, 2mM AL + 2%KBC is an effective amendment for alleviating drought stress in fenugreeks. Under drought stress, growers are recommended to apply 2mM AL + 2%KBC to achieve better fenugreek growth.

In this study, the effects of design-oriented STEM activities on preschool children were examined. In the research conducted with case study in qualitative research designs, 20 preschool children aged five years in a kindergarten formed the participants of the study. Design Oriented STEM Activities were completed with 24 sessions of 8 weeks, 3 days a week. Within the scope of the research, data were collected through observations, interviews and research diaries and content analysis was made. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was concluded that the applied design-oriented STEM education increased the problem-solving, communication and cooperation skills of the children, and that the STEM education process; It has been concluded that it raises the awareness of children and gives them a sense of responsibility. In addition, it has been concluded that STEM activities encourage children to solve problems and generate ideas, make permanent behavioral changes in children, and increase children's social and adaptation skills.

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the undergraduate program of the Computer Education and Instructional Technology (CEIT) Department. CEIT department is an undergraduate program that trains information technology teachers. The study group of the study, which was designed according to the descriptive research model, was consisted of 461 CEIT graduates, who were selected by using the convenience sampling methods. Three instruments were used to collect data; a "Personal Information Form," the "Pedagogical Competence Perception Scale for the CEIT Graduates," the "Technological Competence Perception Scale for the CEIT Graduates." The data collection tools were developed by the researchers. When the results of the study are evaluated it is seen that the CEIT curriculum supports the participants in the acquisition of pedagogical competence more than the acquisition of the technological competence. When the pedagogical competence perceptions of the graduates are considered, it is seen that the graduates have high level competence perceptions about "Educational Planning and implementation, developing educational software and materials, educational communication competences, security and ethics in the use of information and communication technologies during the educational process, planning and implementation of the projects." When their perceptions of their technological competence are examined, it is seen that the graduates have moderate level of competence perceptions about "ability to solve problems in relation to the hardware installation and using visual software," while they have low level of competence perceptions about "ability to use system software and security of network and system." In this study, it was understood that the undergraduate program of the CEIT department, which trains future teachers of information technologies courses, is more sufficient in terms of developing pedagogical competence and less sufficient in terms of developing technological competence in students. In this context, the contents of the courses in the CEIT undergraduate program should be updated. Additionally, some studies should be conducted in order to develop the technological competence skills of the students attending the department.

Introduction: While empathy is generally regarded as a positive trait, the emergence of empathic anger among nurses can have adverse effects on their mental well-being and, more importantly, on their tendency for violence.Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between empathic anger and violence tendencies in nurses.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 348 nurses who agreed to participate in the research working in a hospital in Erzurum. The study data were collected with a personal information form, empathic anger scale, and violence tendency scale. The data analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and independent samples t-tests, and Hierarchical regression analyses.Results: It was found that the mean Emphatic Anger Scale score of the nurses included in the study was 23.20 ± 5.66, and the Violence Tendencies Scale score was 44.35 ± 11.01. It was found that there was a positive, statistically significant relationship between the Emphatic Anger Scale scores and Violence Tendencies Scale mean scores of the nurses (p lt; 0.001). In the regression model, Emphatic Anger Scale scores were entered as the sole predictor, explaining 9.6% of the variance in violence tendency (R² = 0.096, Adj. R² = 0.093, p lt; 0.05).Conclusion: As a result, it shows that empathic anger in nurses has a significant and positive effect on violent tendencies. In addition, it was determined that as the empathic anger levels of the nurses increased, their level of violence tendencies also increased.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the potential for drug-drug interactions in adult patients admitted to the emergency departments.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 410 patients who were admitted to the red zone of the emergency departments, examined, treated, and received multiple medications. Drug-drug interaction analysis was conducted using LexiInteract software.Results: The median age of patients was 63 (range, 19-96) years, with 55.4% (n=227) being female and 44.6% (n=183) were male. A total of 1,230 medications were identified among the patients. In 181 (44.1%) patients, 330 possible drug-drug interactions were detected. While there was no significant difference in the rate of drug-drug interactions between male and female patients (p=0.658), this rate was higher in patients aged 65 years and over (p=0.048) and patients with polypharmacy (p

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cardiovascular risk scores and the visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with psoriatic disease (PsD). Methods: A total of 101 PsD patients meeting psoriatic arthritis (CASPAR) criteria and 98 healthy individuals were included in this study. Systematic coronary risk evaluation index (SCORE), Framingham risk score (FS), and VAI values in patients and VAI values in healthy individuals were calculated. Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²) of the patients was 29.63±5.66. According to the SCORE measurements, the patients were classified as low risk, moderate risk, and high risk-53 (52.5%), 45 (44.6%), and 3 (3%), respectively. No patient was found to be at very high risk. According to the FS, the low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk patient rates were 72 (71.3%), 22 (21.8%), and 7 (6.9%), respectively. Statistically significantly higher rates of metabolic syndrome, obesity (BMI >30), and VAI levels were found in the PsA group compared to the healthy control group (p30 (obesity), diabetes mellitus, and hypertension compared to patients without these comorbidities (p

Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) tools are revolutionizing the field of machine learning by significantly reducing the need for deep computer science expertise. Designed to make ML more accessible, they enable users to build high-performing models without extensive technical knowledge. This study delves into these tools in the context of time series analysis, which is essential for forecasting future trends from historical data. We evaluate three prominent AutoML tools—AutoGluon, Auto-Sklearn, and PyCaret—across various metrics, employing diverse datasets that include Bitcoin and COVID-19 data. The results reveal that the performance of each tool is highly dependent on the specific dataset and its ability to manage the complexities of time series data. This thorough investigation not only demonstrates the strengths and limitations of each AutoML tool but also highlights the criticality of dataset-specific considerations in time series analysis. Offering valuable insights for both practitioners and researchers, this study emphasizes the ongoing need for research and development in this specialized area. It aims to serve as a reference for organizations dealing with time series datasets and a guiding framework for future academic research in enhancing the application of AutoML tools for time series forecasting and analysis.

BackgroundProgression to cirrhosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with a decrease in liver fat. However, the prognostic significance of liver fat content in NASH-related significant fibrosis and cirrhosis is unclear.AimTo investigate the risk of decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mortality stratified by liver fat content in NASH-related significant fibrosis and cirrhosis.MethodsIn this meta-analysis of individual participant data, 456 patients with both magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and MRI-derived protein density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) were enrolled, and 296 patients with longitudinal follow-up were analysed. MRE combined with fibrosis-4 (MEFIB-index), and MRI-PDFF were used to measure liver fibrosis and fat, respectively. MEFIB-negative, MEFIB-positive+ MRI-PDFF ≥5% and MEFIB-positive+ MRI-PDFF

Background and aimsMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an accurate, continuous biomarker of liver fibrosis; however, the optimal combination with clinical factors to predict the risk of incident hepatic decompensation is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate an MRE-based prediction model for hepatic decompensation for patients with NAFLD.Approach and resultsThis international multicenter cohort study included participants with NAFLD undergoing MRE from 6 hospitals. A total of 1254 participants were randomly assigned as training (n = 627) and validation (n = 627) cohorts. The primary end point was hepatic decompensation, defined as the first occurrence of variceal hemorrhage, ascites, or HE. Covariates associated with hepatic decompensation on Cox-regression were combined with MRE to construct a risk prediction model in the training cohort and then tested in the validation cohort. The median (IQR) age and MRE values were 61 (18) years and 3.5 (2.5) kPa in the training cohort and 60 (20) years and 3.4 (2.5) kPa in the validation cohort, respectively. The MRE-based multivariable model that included age, MRE, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and platelets had excellent discrimination for the 3- and 5-year risk of hepatic decompensation (c-statistic 0.912 and 0.891, respectively) in the training cohort. The diagnostic accuracy remained consistent in the validation cohort with a c-statistic of 0.871 and 0.876 for hepatic decompensation at 3 and 5 years, respectively, and was superior to Fibrosis-4 in both cohorts ( p < 0.05).ConclusionsAn MRE-based prediction model allows for accurate prediction of hepatic decompensation and assists in the risk stratification of patients with NAFLD.

BackgroundThere are limited data regarding the longitudinal association between MEFIB-Index (MRE combined with FIB-4) versus MAST-Score (MRI-aspartate aminotransferase) and hepatic decompensation.AimTo examine the longitudinal association between MEFIB-Index versus MAST-Score in predicting hepatic decompensation in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).MethodsThis was a longitudinal, retrospective analysis of subjects from United States, Japan, and Turkey who underwent a baseline MRE and MRI-PDFF and were followed for hepatic decompensation. Cox-proportional hazard analyses were used to assess the association between MEFIB-Index versus MAST-Score with a composite primary outcome (hepatic decompensation) defined as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and varices needing treatment.ResultsThis meta-analysis of individual participants (IPDMA) included 454 patients (58% women) with a mean (±SD) age of 56.0 (±13.5) years. The MEFIB-Index (MRE ≥3.3 kPa + FIB 4 ≥1.6) and MAST-Score (>0.242) were positive for 34% and 9% of the sample, respectively. At baseline, 23 patients met criteria for hepatic decompensation. Among 297 patients with available longitudinal data with a median (IQR) of 4.2 (5.0) years of follow-up, 25 incident cases met criteria for hepatic decompensation. A positive MEFIB-Index [HR = 49.22 (95% CI: 6.23-388.64, p

BackgroundData are scarce regarding the development of hepatic decompensation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with and without type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the risk of hepatic decompensation in people with NAFLD with and without type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe did a meta-analysis of individual participant-level data from six cohorts in the USA, Japan, and Turkey. Included participants had magnetic resonance elastography between Feb 27, 2007, and June 4, 2021. Eligible studies included those with liver fibrosis characterisation by magnetic resonance elastography, longitudinal assessment for hepatic decompensation and death, and included adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with NAFLD, for whom data were available regarding the presence of type 2 diabetes at baseline. The primary outcome was hepatic decompensation, defined as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding. The secondary outcome was the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. We used competing risk regression using the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) to compare the likelihood of hepatic decompensation in participants with and without type 2 diabetes. Death without hepatic decompensation was a competing event.FindingsData for 2016 participants (736 with type 2 diabetes; 1280 without type 2 diabetes) from six cohorts were included in this analysis. 1074 (53%) of 2016 participants were female with a mean age of 57·8 years (SD 14·2) years and BMI of 31·3 kg/m2 (SD 7·4). Among 1737 participants (602 with type 2 diabetes and 1135 without type 2 diabetes) with available longitudinal data, 105 participants developed hepatic decompensation over a median follow-up time of 2·8 years (IQR 1·4-5·5). Participants with type 2 diabetes had a significantly higher risk of hepatic decompensation at 1 year (3·37% [95% CI 2·10-5·11] vs 1·07% [0·57-1·86]), 3 years (7·49% [5·36-10·08] vs 2·92% [1·92-4·25]), and 5 years (13·85% [10·43-17·75] vs 3·95% [2·67-5·60]) than participants without type 2 diabetes (p

Background: Throughout the course of an individual's lifespan, they may come across a diverse range of minor or significant incidents that have the potential to result in the development of scars on any region of their physique. These scars may also be a consequence of the body's innate responses to different stimuli. Various medicinal drugs and methods have been used to treat scars. Herbal remedies have long been popular. Cichorium intybus L., or chicory, has been used for centuries to treat numerous illnesses and deformities. Purpose: The primary objective and novelty of this research endeavor involve the investigation of potential therapeutic attributes inherent in extracts derived from different components of C. intybus (common chicory), encompassing the root, stem, flower, and whole herba. This will be accomplished through the utilization of in vitro scratch tests and in vitro cell migration assays. Additionally, the ash acquired from cremation, a method routinely employed by the general population, was also investigated. Study design: The focus of this investigation was to evaluate the wound healing effects of these extracts. The research encompassed a comprehensive examination of several components of the plant in order to ascertain the extracts that exhibited the highest efficacy. Methods: The study utilized the following approaches respectively to investigate the plant's wound healing abilities: collection and identification of plants, preparation of extracts, determination of phenolic compounds by HPLC-PDA, in vitro cell culture studies, cell viability analysis, wound healing analysis, statistical analysis. Results: The findings indicated that the stem extracts of C. intybus, with the exception of the hexane extract (Sample 1), demonstrated notable wound healing properties. According to the chromatography results the main component of extract is chlorogenic acid. The aforementioned findings offer significant contributions to the potential directions for future research within this particular sector. Conclusion: The evidence suggests that extracts from C. intybus have wound healing properties, highlighting its significance in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical research. Further investigation into active chemicals and mechanisms contributing to its wound healing properties is needed, potentially leading to advancements in wound healing therapies.

Introduction This review aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exercise on depression severity and various depressive symptoms in Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) including older adults with an average age of at least 60 years and a minimum level of mild depression. Thereby, the moderating effects of various intervention and individual characteristics were considered. Methods We searched Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, CINAHL, APA Psycinfo, SPORTDiscuss, and Cochrane from inception until July 2023. Primary outcomes targeted changes in overall depression severity assessed with validated depression scales; secondary outcomes included changes in specific symptoms that are related to depression such as sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, mood, apathy, weight changes, processing speed, and executive functions. These were measured from baseline until the end of the intervention. Meta-analysis was undertaken to synthesize the effects of chronic exercise on primary and secondary outcomes. The moderating effects of intervention and individual characteristics were investigated by subgroup-analyses and meta-regression. Publication bias was addressed through sensitivity analyses. The quality and certainty of the evidence were assessed using GRADE and RoB 2. Results The comprehensive search yielded 20,700 records, of which 145 peer-reviewed articles including 187 effect sizes met the inclusion criteria. We found that chronic exercise significantly improved overall depression severity (g = -0.68, p < .001, k = 187) as well as depressive symptoms related to anxiety (g = -0.56, p < .001, k = 24), BMI (g = -0.26, p = .005, k = 13), executive functions (g = -0.33, p = .004, k = 18), sleep (g = -0.47, p < .001, k = 14), and processing speed (g = -0.35, p = .015, k = 11). Regarding exercise characteristics, effects were particularly strong for interventions that included exergames, had a long duration, and involved high cognitive demand. Additionally, effects increased with advancing age and higher baseline depression severity. Egger’s test and an asymmetrical funnel plot suggest the presence of publication bias. Discussion/Conclusion This study is up to date the most extensive review on chronic exercise effects on depression in older adults. The results highlight the importance of individualizing exercise regimens to achieve optimal outcomes. The conclusions drawn may provide a foundation for developing evidence-based recommendations for exercise programs aimed at alleviating depression in older adults.

Melatonin, a multifunctional biomolecule found in animals and plants, is critical in regulating various physiological processes. In plants, melatonin biosynthesis primarily originates from tryptophan through multiple enzymatic steps, finely controlled by different environmental and endogenous factors. This review synthesizes current knowledge on melatonin biosynthesis, production levels, and signaling mechanisms, focusing on its role in plant stress responses. Research shows that melatonin mitigates abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and temperature extremes by enhancing antioxidant systems, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and modulating ion homeostasis. Additionally, melatonin signaling, which may involve the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and potentially the Cand2 receptor (though its role remains debated), is essential for promoting plant growth and enhancing stress tolerance. This review also examines the potential of targeting specific enzymes, such as tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), to create melatonin knockout mutants, offering new insights into the regulatory networks of melatonin-mediated stress responses. The review concludes by identifying future research directions, particularly in understanding the complex cross-talk within melatonin signaling pathways and the debated role of Cand2 in plant resilience.

The widespread use of stainless steels (SS) in various applications is hindered by their inadequate wear resistance, hardness and high density. Structural metallic components fabricated via powder metallurgy (PM) exhibit lower densities compared to those produced by conventional methods due to their inherent high porosity. However, this compromises their mechanical and corrosion performance. This study has investigated the application of pure Al2O3 and Al2O3 + 13 %TiO2 powders with varying particle sizes on PM AISI 316L substrates to enhance their mechanical and wear properties. The phase composition, microhardness, coating morphology, surface roughness, porosity and wear rate of coated and uncoated samples were comparatively analysed to elucidate the influence of both TiO2 addition and coating powder particle size on the mechanical properties and surface morphology of the samples. Microstructural and XRD studies confirmed good mechanical and metallurgical bonding of the coatings to the substrate. All of the coated samples exhibited 24 to 34 times higher surface roughness and 1.3 to 2.1 times lower porosity values compared to the substrate. The finer sized TiO2 added alumina-based coating powder reduced the surface roughness and porosity value to 1.8 and 1.4 times respectively while the use of the coarser sized one reduced these values to 1.3 and 1.2 times respectively compared to the pure Al2O3 coated surface. 8-times higher hardness and 70-times lower wear rate values compared to the substrate were the most significant improvements observed in the pure Al2O3 coated surface among all coated samples. Although TiO2 addition to the coating powder decreased hardness by 1.1 times and increased wear rate by 1.8 times, spraying finer TiO2 added coating powders resulted in a slight improvement in both hardness and wear resistance compared to the coarser one.

This study aims to adapt the Adult Interpersonal Acceptance Rejection Scale to Turkish culture and examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of this scale. 653 university students selected by the convenience sampling method constitute the study sample. The original factor structure of the scale was examined by confirmatory factor analysis. The results revealed that the original factor structure of the Adult Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection Scale was confirmed in the Turkish sample. The internal consistency of the scale items was associated with the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient and was calculated as 0.908. In addition, Cronbach's alpha values were 0.915 for the mother acceptance sub-dimension, 0.909 for best friend acceptance sub-dimension, and 0.911 for the romantic partner acceptance sub-dimension. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the Adult Interpersonal Acceptance Rejection Scale and the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale, the Interdependent Happiness Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale to prove the validity of the criterion. The results showed that the sub-dimensions of the scales were significantly related. These results show that the Turkish version of the Adult Interpersonal Acceptance Rejection Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used for research purposes to determine the levels of interpersonal acceptance and rejection of adult individuals.

Perfectionism is defined as the tendency to have high goals and standards for one's self (Flett et al., 1989). Setting high and even unrealistic goals in education can be negative for students as this can cause anxiety, procrastination, and low self-efficacy. The present study aims to determine the relationship between academic perfectionism and research anxiety levels for preservice teachers and to compare both of these with variables such as gender, year of study, department, primary department preference on the university exam, and career plan, to demonstrate the links between these variables. The participants are 469 undergraduate students who study at the Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Education. The Academic Perfectionism Scale (Odaci et al., 2017), Research Anxiety Scale (Büyüköztürk, 1997), and a Personal Information Form were used as data collecting tools. The results have shown that female participants have significantly higher idealization scores than male participants. Early childhood education and art education students have significantly higher comparison scores than music education students. Fourth-year students have significantly higher scores on research anxiety than first-year students. Participants whose primary department preferences on their university entrance exams were not their present departments have significantly higher research anxiety scores than the participants whose first choice was the department where they study. Participants who plan to become academics have significantly higher idealization scores than participants who want to do a job outside of their fields of study. Participants who want to be academics have significantly lower research anxiety scores than those who want to be teachers and those who want to do a job outside of their fields of study. In addition, there is a significant medium relationship between the participants' self-doubt subscale scores and their research anxieties. Moreover, there is a significant but weak relationship between participants' comparison subscale scores, academic perfectionism total scores, and their research anxieties. The results were discussed in the light of the literature.

This study examines the mediating role of social media usage habits in the relationship between FoMO and nomophobia. 457 people were recruited to participate in the study. While 177 of them were male, the remaining 280 participants were female, and the participants' age ranged between 18 and 70. The average age of the participants was calculated as 30.81. The research hypotheses were tested by hierarchical regression analysis. In addition, the significance of the mediator variable was examined via Bootstrapping analysis. First, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between variables, and it was found that there was a positive significant relationship between variables. The subsequent hierarchical regression analysis determined that social media usage habits played a partial mediating role in the relationship between FoMO and nomophobia. All findings were discussed in the light of similar research studies in the existing literature, and several suggestions were provided in the end.

The purpose of the present study is to determine the difference between preservice music teachers' levels of academic motivations and their genders, their high schools, lessons that they were failed, lessons that they were failed for the reason of absenteeism, and their career choice. Also, the relationship between the preservice music teachers' academic motivations and their instrument scores was investigated in the study. A total of 349 students who receive education from Faculty of Education Music Teaching Departments in Aydin, Denizli, Izmir, and Mugla attended the study. The data was gathered in the 2017-2018 academic year. The Academic Motivation Scale which was developed by Vallerand et al. (1992) and translated into Turkish by Karagüven (2012) was used in order to determine the levels of academic motivations of the participants. Six significant results were found in the study. There are significant differences between participants' academic motivations and their genders, their states of absenteeism, their high schools, the number of lessons they have failed, and their career choice. Also, positive significant but weak relationships were found between the participants' academic motivations and their instrument scores. The results were discussed in the light of the literature.

Considering the relationship between students' learning styles and their academic achievement, it is essential for both music educators and students themselves to know their learning styles for educators to plan the context of their lessons and for students to decide which studying strategy to use. The present study aims to reveal the levels of learning styles of the preservice music teachers and to examine whether there is a significant difference between the styles of learning of preservice music teachers and their genders, grades, the universities they are studying at, their career paths. Grasha-Reichman "Learning Styles Scale" which was translated into Turkish by Zerayak (2005) was used to investigate the levels of learning styles of preservice music teachers. The 32-items version of the scale was used which was reduced by Vural (2013). 350 preservice music teachers studying at the universities located in Aydin Denizli, Izmir, and Mugla attended the study voluntarily. The results have shown that preservice music teachers have moderate levels of all learning styles, and there are significant differences between their learning styles and their genders, grades, universities, and career paths. The results were discussed in the light of the literature, and suggestions have been made.

This research examined the serial mediating effect of interaction anxiety and insight into the relationship between self-esteem and approval dependence in university students. The research group comprised 511 volunteer university students, of whom 78,7% were females and 21,3% were males. Research data was collected via "The Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale", "The Scale of Interpersonal Relationship Dimensions", "Interaction Anxiousness Scale", and "Insight Scale". In analysing the data, descriptive statistics were examined and the relationship between variables was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The bootstrap method was used to test the mediation model. The mediation analysis results revealed that interaction anxiety and insight functioned as mediation variables in the relationship between self-esteem and approval dependence. According to the findings, an increase in self-esteem causes a decline in interaction anxiousness, which causes an increase in insight, which in turn leads to a decline in approval dependence. Findings related to the model that was tested were discussed following the literature. Suggestions for researchers and field practitioners were listed.