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The conflicts and general relations between the Ustashe and the Green Cadre (Bosnian Mountaineers) in Posavina during the last few months of the Second World War are examined in this article within the context of the general situation on the European and Yugoslav fronts, as the final collapse of fascist Germany and its satellites in Europe was already looming. As the end of the war approached, relations between the Ustashe and the Green Cadre, especially in Posavina, became increasingly tense and complicated. There were more frequent misunderstandings and conflicts between smaller Ustasha units, mostly comprised of Catholic Croats, and the Bosnian Mountaineers (Green Cadre), predominantly composed of Bosnian Muslims (or officially referred to as Croatian Muslims of Islamic faith). These conflicts in the Posavina region, around Brčko, Gradačac, Modriča, Šamac, and Orašje, are viewed in this article as an illustration of the real state of affairs regarding the relationship between the Independent State of Croatia (Ustasha military and civilian authorities) and Bosnian Muslims (in general) during the Second World War. These relationships were undoubtedly very complex and multi-layered, burdened with many local specificities that sometimes did not fit into some well-known schemes and narratives. There is ample evidence that the vast majority of the Muslim population, after initial expressions of loyalty and hope, were generally reserved and distrustful towards the Ustasha regime. Racial laws, repression, and persecution of Serbs, Jews, and other „undesirable elements“, followed by the insurgent wave as a response to this repression, instilled fear and insecurity among the population, leading to bloodshed and retaliatory actions in which Muslim civilians suffered. Already in the second half of 1941, prominent Bosnian Muslims publicly expressed their dissatisfaction with the state of the country by signing resolutions in Sarajevo and several Bosnian cities, demanding that the regime cease repression based on race, persecutions, and killings of innocent civilians, primarily Serbs and Jews. On the other hand, spontaneous self-organization for defense against the Serbian insurgent forces in the form of village militias and legions in several areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a result of distrust in the ability (and willingness) of the Croatian state to defend them and ensure a peaceful life, especially after the agreement with the Chetniks in mid-1942. The most organized was certainly the DOMDO battalion of Muhamed-age Hadžiefendić, which would actively operate from the beginning of 1942 until the autumn of 1943 in the Tuzla area. After the first fall of Tuzla into the hands of the Partisans on October 2, 1943, its collapse and complete disappearance would begin. Shortly after those dramatic events around Tuzla, from the remaining peripheral parts of the DOMDO battalion (Zvornik, Živinice, Gračanica, later Brčko), units of the Green Cadre (later: „Bosnian Mountaineers“) would be formed, which the Ustasha regime reluctantly had to tolerate. It is no coincidence that the high military-political authorities of the Independent State of Croatia classified those units as „rebels“ in their official reports. Until the end of the war, they were treated as an unreliable element against the interests of the Independent State of Croatia, which had to be kept under control and disarmed and dispersed at an opportune moment. Under increased pressure from the NOVJ units, tensions and distrust between the units of the Green Cadre („Bosnian Mountaineers“) on one side and the Ustasha on the other side intensified from September 1944 onwards. From the end of 1944, these tensions escalated into armed conflicts in several places in Bosnian Posavina. Here, misunderstandings and conflicts in Modriča, Odžak, Šamac, and Orašje are taken as examples. The most drastic and consequential conflict was the one in Orašje, which took place from March 12-14, 1945, and is given special emphasis here. In this work, an attempt has been made to break local myths with historical facts, as well as, since earlier, deeply entrenched stereotypes, that the Ustaše and the „Green Cadre“ were, in fact, one and the same, that they had the same goals, and that they fought for the „same cause“. This identification aimed to „attach“ to Bosnian Muslims as much Ustasha ideology as to Catholic Croats, as much as Chetnik ideology to Orthodox Serbs. Accordingly, it determined the extent of their participation on the winning side. Only by demystifying these imposed, fundamentally mistaken perceptions from our past, can we build a culture of memory, trust, and good interethnic relations, both in ethnically mixed communities and at the level of the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is the purpose and meaning of this research.

The objective of this study was to confirm the effects of curcumin and to investigate the effects of its combination with a reduced dose of rosuvastatin in an adenine-induced model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated dyslipidemia in rats. Renal function and morphology, as well as lipid status, were assessed using laboratory parameters and histopathological analysis. Male Wistar rats (n=36) randomly divided into six groups, were treated for 24 days: normal control (standard diet), CKD control (adenine diet, 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet), curcumin (100 mg/kg/day + adenine diet), rosuvastatin minimal therapeutic dose (MTD) (5 mg/day + adenine diet), rosuvastatin reduced dose (RD, 25% of rosuvastatin MTD + adenine diet), and rosuvastatin RD + curcumin (25% of rosuvastatin MTD + curcumin 100 mg/kg/day + adenine diet) group. While rosuvastatin alone showed only antilipemic action, both curcumin alone and its combination with a reduced dose of rosuvastatin showed better renal protection with lower serum creatinine levels and milder renal morphological alterations, as well as better antilipemic action with lower levels of triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols compared with the levels in CKD control rats. Treatment with curcumin alone also resulted in a significantly higher estimated glomerular filtration rate, lower uric acid levels, and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, while the combined therapy additionally resulted in higher serum albumin levels, lower total cholesterol, and both atherogenic and coronary risk indexes compared with CKD control rats. The results of this study confirmed the beneficial effects of curcumin alone and provided new evidence for the beneficial effects of its combination with a reduced dose of rosuvastatin in rats with CKD and associated dyslipidemia.

Uvod: Ovisno o rezultatima ambulantnog praćenja krvnog tlaka (ABPM), pacijenti imaju različite profile krvnog tlaka, a neke velike međunarodne studije pokušale su ispitati i usporediti profil kontinuiranog monitoringa krvnog tlaka (KMAT) pacijenata u različitim zemljama. U našoj studiji pokušali smo utvrditi profile arterijske hipertenzije naših pacijenata. Materijali i metode: Ovo je retrospektivna studija presjeka od listopada 2022. do travnja 2023. Ispitani su demografski, klinički i podatci o 24-satnom krvnom tlaku. Bolesnici su podijeljeni u nekoliko kategorija prema fenotipovima hipertenzije i dipping profilima. Analize su provedene koristeći mjere deskriptivne statistike. Rezultati: U studiju su bila uključena 94 bolesnika. Tijekom praćenja 12 pacijenata je umrlo. Hipertenzija bijele kute bila je najčešći fenotip hipertenzije u naših bolesnika (30,8%), a druga najveća skupina bila je trajna nekontrolirana hipertenzija (29,7%). Također, pronašli smo visoku prevalenciju non-dippers sistoličkog (43,6%) i obrnutog dipper dijastoličkog tlaka (42,5%). Rezultati pokazuju visoko značajne razlike između skupine koja je bila živa i skupine koja je umrla, s p < 0,001, što ukazuje da je profil krvnog tlaka povezan s ishodima preživljenja. Zaključci: Prevalencija visokorizičnog profila povišenoga krvnog tlaka u bubrežnih bolesnika je visoka. Zbog povišenoga noćnog krvnog tlaka u liječenju samo praćenje krvnog tlaka nije dovoljno. KMAT bi trebao postati zlatni standard za potvrdu odgovarajuće kontrole krvnog tlaka u bolesnika s bolešću bubrega.

Modern requirements for spatial information greatly exceed the capabilities of classic analog maps, which is why there was a need to adapt cartography itself to these requirements. The advent of computers and the Internet has made it possible for cartography to keep up with the needs of modern society. The map itself is no longer a passive medium that serves only to navigate in space or plan a traffic route but offers different types of interaction with the user. This allows spatial information to be communicated between the cartographer and the user more quickly and easily. In addition to the basic graphic and descriptive part of the map, the maps are enriched with images, sound, and animations that allow users to experience the space shown on the map to the greatest extent possible. This paper will present the application of open-source software for creating a tourist interactive web map for the area of Ključ municipality.

One of the most fascinating aspects of condensed matter is its ability to conduct electricity, which is particularly pronounced in conventional metals such as copper or silver. Such behavior stems from a strong tendency of valence electrons to delocalize in a periodic potential created by ions in the crystal lattice of a given material. In many advanced materials, however, this basic delocalization process of the valence electrons competes with various processes that tend to localize these very same valence electrons, thus driving the insulating behavior. The two such most important processes are the Mott localization, driven by strong correlation effects among the valence electrons, and the Anderson localization, driven by the interaction of the valence electrons with a strong disorder potential. These two localization processes are almost exclusively considered separately from both an experimental and a theoretical standpoint. Here, we offer an overview of our long-standing research on selected organic conductors and manganites, that clearly show the presence of both these localization processes. We discuss these results within existing theories of Mott–Anderson localization and argue that such behavior could be a common feature of many advanced materials.

Structural health monitoring is a synthesis of geodetic and civil engineering methods of measuring, processing and analyzing data. All constructed buildings are subjected to displacements and deformations that can cause damage or even demolition of the building, which endangers people's lives and causes great material damage. Geodesy plays an important role in the technical monitoring of objects, but this fact does not diminish the importance of physical methods of monitoring, nor can it be argued that one method is more important than another. Each of the abovementioned methods used for technical monitoring of high dams has its significance and only the joint application of all methods can provide an adequate description of the behavior of the objects due to the influence of various external and internal factors. This paper will describe the history of high dams monitoring, the role of geodesy in monitoring, current trends, legal frameworks governing the monitoring, and the situation in education regarding this area of geodesy.

The inclination is the most important criteria for determining stability of the object for objects for which the ratio of height and width is high (industrial chimneys, towers, tall buildings, etc.). In this paper, two methods for testing the verticality of objects with a circular base will be presented: principal components analysis (PCA), and a new method based on fitting circles and analytical geometry in space presented in the paper "Rapid assessment of verticality of structural objects with a circular base" (Hamzić, Kamber Hamzić i Avdagić, 2021). The cases when the verticality of the object is calculated from the cloud of measuring points of all or part of the object and when the verticality is calculated from the measurement of the circular arc of the object in two levels are analyzed. The results showed that both methods give quality results when the point cloud covers the entire circular arc of the object. In cases where only a part of the circular arc was observed, the method based on the circle fitting gave better results. In the case when the measurement is performed only in two levels on the object, the method based on circle fitting gave good results while the PCA method had large errors in estimating the inclination of the object.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common diagnosis in an emergency department. It also represents a large share of patients admitted to hospital wards. Patients with PE can be risk-stratified and discharged early from the emergency department. This results in better availability of hospital beds for other patients and a significant reduction of treatment costs for the healthcare system. This paper aims to describe the protocols used in our emergency department, with special emphasis on risk stratification, for adverse events and bleeding risk, treatment strategies, and outcomes for this type of protocol. Materials and methods: This paper is a retrospective analysis of patients discharged from the emergency department in a of two-year period (2020-2021) with a low-risk pulmonary embolism. Results: We have included in this study 42 patients discharged after a short-term observation from the emergency department (

Calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers toxicity/poisoning are one of the most common causes of poisoning. More importantly, they are among the deadliest types of poisoning caused by cardiac drugs that emergency physicians can encounter. Common toxidrome caused by these medications includes the following symptoms: hypotension, bradycardia, hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia, hypothermia, arrhythmia, and seizures. Treatment is usually complex, It consists of administration of various medications, such as crystalloids, intravenous calcium, glucagon, vasopressors/inotropes, and especially high-dose insulin euglycemic therapy. In this paper, we will review the mechanism for this type of treatment, propose a potential protocol for its application and address possible adverse effects. High-dose insulin euglycemic therapy should be an integral part of the treatment protocol for calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers toxicity.

The objective of this case report is to present a patient with acquired methemoglobinemia due to poisoning of an unknown cause. A 55-year-old man was brought to the Emergency Department, University Hospital Center Zagreb, with an unwell appearance, cyanotic, restless, and presented with a quantitative consciousness disorder. An initial assessment showed decreased oxygen saturation (SpO2 85 [%]), while point-of-care arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis assessed normal partial pressure of oxygen (pO2). Severe lactic acidosis with a compensatory drop in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and high rates of methemoglobin were found. Supportive oxygen therapy and crystalloid solutions were administered, which resulted in rapid clinical recovery within 40 minutes of the initial assessment. Clinical recovery was accompanied by normalized ABG test results taken serially. Typical antidotes, methylene blue and vitamin C, were not administered due to rapid clinical improvement. Methemoglobinemia can be congenital (hereditary) or acquired (toxic). Both conditions are rarely seen in emergency departments, nevertheless, they should be approached properly since methemoglobinemia can be a severe, and fatal, condition. Methemoglobinemia symptoms are the results of inadequate oxygen transport. The diagnosis was confirmed by co-oximetry, while three clinical entities suspected methemoglobinemia: refractory hypoxia, “cyanosis-saturation gap“ and dark brown blood. This paper reports our patient’s clinical presentation, discusses the causes and mechanisms of possible poisoning, and reviews recent guidelines for methemoglobinemia management.

In this article, with some methodological dilemmas, an attempt is made to speak more clearly from a certain historical perspective about the current Serbian and Croatian political conceptions towards Bosnia and Herzegovina, which „produce“ an almost permanent political crisis in this area - from Dayton to today. The continuity and current effects of these policies, which have their roots in some dark historical depths and myths, never changing their essence and their goals, were pointed out. In the current Serbian and Croatian political conceptions, Bosnia and Herzegovina is treated as a „sphere of interest“, which should be mastered as much as possible in peace, if it did not succeed in the war. Serbia and Croatia, in the historical sense, since they have existed as political entities, have been opposed to each other in almost everything. The only thing on which there was a high degree of agreement was the question of the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, again depending on historical circumstances and other circumstances. (to mention only Tudjman and Milosevic). In the last few years, intensive cooperation and a high degree of „agreement“ between Serbian and Croatian politics have been noticed, again „regarding“ Bosnia and Herzegovina, its status and the definitive post-Dayton division. In this sense, it is not difficult to recognize several common characteristics of both policies. In this article, the author focuses on the following: the first is a declarative and formal public declaration of both to respect the integrity and sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while in practical politics this sovereignty is continuously violated and „trampled“, acting as its „rulers“. . Another common feature is the belittling and labeling of all pro-Bosnian political forces, reducing them to „political Sarajevo“ in the pejorative sense of the word, with multiple offensive and deeper meanings, which, in addition to Milorad Dodik (to make the absurd even greater, as president or member of the Presidency of BiH) from the Serbian one, Zoran Milanović, the current president of Croatia, until yesterday a declared friend of Bosnia and the pro-Bosnian SDP, is increasingly expressing himself in his own way. Obstruction of the process of reforms and rapprochement of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the European Union and NATO membership is the third session of the characteristics of Serbian and Croatian politics (albeit in different versions), while the fourth, denial of decisions and verdicts of the Hague Tribunal for crimes and atrocities is dominant over Bosniaks (again in a different version): Serbs deny genocide verdicts, and Croats deny convictions for the Joint Criminal Enterprise. In addition to common characteristics, this paper highlights some special features of the current Serbian and Croatian policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina, which, again, boils down to one goal: to strengthen (make independent) the Republika Srpska and cantons with a Croat majority, as well as the position of Croats in Federation with the aim of forming a third entity and at the same time weaken the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina until the question of the meaning of its existence is raised. The state's inability to organize the procurement of coronavirus vaccines is just one of the latest proofs that these destructive political forces have succeeded to a great extent. This article points out the consequences of such a policy and emphasizes the need to stop further degradation and collapse of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a state. Such forces exist, they just have to be activated.

Structural health monitoring of the large infrastructural objects (high buildings, bridges, tunnels, dams, etc.) is in the domain of civil and geodetic engineers who use different methods and instruments for this task. Dam movement is influenced by various factors among which the most important are: thermal variations, hydrostatic pressure and dam ageing. This research investigates influence of thermal variations on dam crest movement by using statistical methods: autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and multiple linear regression. Dam crest movement data is obtained by using optical alignement method on the concrete gravity dam HP Salakovac. In the first part of this research correlation between dam crest movement and concrete temeprature is determined, the second part deals with short term concrete temperature prediction and in the final part of this research previously fitted statistical models are used for dam movement prediction. The results showed that proposed model based on statistical methods can provide quality prediction of dam crest movement.

This research presents the first findings on thrombopoiesis for Wistar rats. Haemopoietic cells from the femur and the sternum were analysed by light microscopy in combination with infrared and near-ultraviolet light for fine cytoplasmic structure analysis. Five main types of thrombocyte precursor cells were identified in the bone marrow samples: megakaryoblast, promegakaryocyte and megakaryocyte (basophilic, acidophilic and thrombocytogenic). More intensive thrombopoiesis and morphologically differentiated cells were found in sternum samples.

. Low-back pain is one of the most common causes of physical disability, most often originating from intervertebral disc degeneration. Lack of pinpointing the exact source of pain is the limiting factor in more efficient prevention and treatment. New findings, especially in the fields of genetics and mass spectometry based protein analysis, shed a new light to the understanding of etiopathogenesis of disc degenerative disease. New imaging methods like chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)MRI or apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)MRI can detect early degenerative changes. Advances have been made regarding elucidating the role of physical load, as well as the type of exercise that can have an impact on the development and treatment of patients with degenerative disc disease. Finally, a significant progress has been made in the surgical treatment ecouraging of these patients, with an emphasis on minimally invasive techniques. Other surgical modalities have also shown improvement, like total disc replacement and mesenchymal stem cells treatments. These, and other novelties in the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative disc disease of lumbar spine are discussed in this article.

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Introduction. Ocular microvascular changes can be related to kidney deterioration in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to identify the association between retino-choroidal parameters and kidney deterioration in diabetics and non-diabetics. Methods. The study group consisted of CKD patients (cross-sectional study) with arterial hypertension with different stages of CKD. Complete eye examination was completed with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans of the macular region. According to the value of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria, patients were divided into groups: low GFR (60ml/min) and CKD patients without albuminuria and CKD with micro or macroalbuminuria. Results. One hundred and six eyes of 106 chronic kidney disease patients were evaluated. The mean retinal thickness in GFR 60 ml/min group was 274,36±10,77 μ. OCTA showed lower deep vascular density (DVD ) in CKD with albuminuria versus CKD without albuminuria group (p < 0.001). Albuminuria was inversely related to choroidal and retinal thickness measures of superficial (SVD) and DVD . Conclusions. CKD is associated with retinal diluting and decreasing kidney function with reduction of retinal and choroidal vascular density.

Among transition metal oxides, manganites have attracted significant attention because of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR)—a magnetic field-induced metal–insulator transition close to the Curie temperature. CMR is closely related to the ferromagnetic (FM) metallic phase which strongly competes with the antiferromagnetic (AFM) charge ordered (CO) phase, where conducting electrons localize and create a long range order giving rise to insulator-like behavior. One of the major open questions in manganites is the exact origin of this insulating behavior. Here we report a dc resistivity and magnetization study on manganite La1−xCaxMnO3 ceramic samples with different grain size, at the very boundary between CO/AFM insulating and FM metallic phases x=0.5. Clear signatures of variable range hopping (VRH) are discerned in resistivity, implying the disorder-induced (Anderson) localization of conducting electrons. A significant increase of disorder associated with the reduction in grain size, however, pushes the system in the opposite direction from the Anderson localization scenario, resulting in a drastic decrease of resistivity, collapse of the VRH, suppression of the CO/AFM phase and growth of an FM contribution. These contradictory results are interpreted within the standard core-shell model and recent theories of Anderson localization of interacting particles.

Abstract Background We systematically reviewed the evidence on the efficacy and safety of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) targeted pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) versus any comparator for treatment of non-neuropathic pain. Methods We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, clinicaltrials.gov and WHO clinical trial register until January 8, 2019. All study designs were eligible. Two authors independently conducted literature screening. Primary outcomes were pain intensity and serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary outcomes were any other pain-related outcome and any other safety outcome that was reported. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool and Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). We conducted narrative evidence synthesis and assessed the conclusiveness of included studies regarding efficacy and safety. Results We included 17 studies with 599 participants, which analyzed various pain syndromes. Two studies were randomized controlled trials; both included participants with low back pain (LBP). Non-randomized studies included patients with the following indications: LBP, postsurgical pain, pain associated with herpes zoster, cervicogenic headache, complex regional pain syndrome type 1, intractable vertebral metastatic pain, chronic scrotal and inguinal pain, occipital radiating pain in rheumatoid arthritis and chronic migraine. In these studies, the PRF was usually initiated after other treatments have failed. Eleven studies had positive conclusive statements (11/17) about efficacy; the remaining had positive inconclusive statements. Only three studies provided conclusiveness of evidence statements regarding safety – two indicated that the evidence was positive conclusive, and one positive inconclusive. The risk of bias was predominantly unclear in randomized and serious in non-randomized studies. Conclusion Poor quality and few participants characterize evidence about benefits and harms of DRG PRF in patients with non-neuropathic pain. Results from available studies should only be considered preliminary. Not all studies have reported data regarding the safety of the intervention, but those that did, indicate that the intervention is relatively safe. As the procedure is non-destructive and early results are promising, further comparative studies about PRF in non-neuropathic pain syndromes would be welcomed.

Background: To evaluate atherosclerotic changes in carotid arteries (CCA) in uremic patients before and after 18 months of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment, and to evaluate the impact of dyslipidemia and CAPD treatment on vascular remodeling. Materials and Methods: We conducted a longitudinal, prospective study during 2020 and 2021 at the Clinic for Nephrology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Patients with end-stage renal disease were included and were followed during 18 months of CAPD treatment. All patients were treated using commercially prepared biocompatible balanced dialysis solutions. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and atherosclerotic plaques on the common carotid artery (CCA) were measured by echotomography. Results: A total of 50 patients were included and were followed during 18 months of CAPD treatment. Lipid values in the serum of patients with CAPD were significantly lower after 18 months of CAPD treatment compared to the values before treatment, while the value of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly increased after 18 months of CAPD treatment. The values of IMT and the diameter of the CCA compared to the basal values were significantly lower (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We demonstrated significantly lower lipid values and higher HDL levels following CAPD treatment. Correct selection of the targeted pharmacological intervention can substantially impact the regression of vascular changes in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Heavy metals are dangerous systemic toxicants that can induce multiple organ damage, primarily by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Clinoptilolite is a highly porous natural mineral with a magnificent capacity to eliminate metals from living organisms, mainly by ion-exchange and adsorption, thus providing detoxifying, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory medicinal effects. The in vivo efficiency and safety of the oral administration of clinoptilolite in its activated forms, tribomechanically activated zeolite (TMAZ) and Panaceo-Micro-Activated (PMA) zeolite, as well as the impact on the metallic biodistribution, was examined in healthy female rats. Concentration profiles of Al, As, Cd, Co, Pb, Ni and Sr were measured in rat blood, serum, femur, liver, kidney, small and large intestine, and brain using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after a 12-week administration period. Our results point to a beneficial effect of clinoptilolite materials on the concentration profile of metals in female rats supplemented with the corresponding natural clinoptilolite materials, TMAZ and PMA zeolite. The observed decrease of measured toxicants in the kidney, femur, and small and large intestine after three months of oral intake occurred concomitantly with their most likely transient release into the bloodstream (serum) indicative of a detoxification process.

In this article, the author briefly referred to the life and work of Mustafa Kamarić, an almost forgotten professor at the Faculty of Law in Sarajevo, and the correspondent member of the Academy of Sciences and Art of Bosnia and Herzegovina, born in Gračanica. In the first part of the article, the author writes about Kamarić's youth, education and studies at the Faculty of Law, after which he writes about his employment in Belgrade, where he was in the first ranks of young Bosniak intelligentsia as a cadet, drawing attention not only as an activist, but also as a talented researcher of the then social circumstances and conditions in which the Bosniaks lived. At the same time, he was engaged in the social and cultural life of Gračanica, especially during the summer holidays and shorter excursions to his hometown. Bearing in mind that this theme has been discussed quite a lot so far, this article focuses more on the more mature era of this intellectual, his work at the Law Faculty in Sarajevo, and the contribution to the development of the legal thought, as well as his remarkable engagement in professional and social circles, especially in the highest authorities and bodies of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background. The Neretva nase, Chondrostoma knerii Heckel, 1843, is an endemic cyprinid species distributed in the Neretva River basin in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, designated in the EU Habitats Directive as a species requiring conservation within member states. According to the IUCN, the species is catalogued as vulnerable (VU). Available scientific data indicate that significant aspects of its biological and ecological characteristics, as well as conservation requirements, are scarce and largely composed of outdated records. This paper provides a summary of the main life history traits, particularly those related to the conservation challenges and a detailed list of the current state of knowledge. Materials and methods. This review was based on published literature in the form of research articles, monographs, books and technical reports, as well as unpublished data Results. All available data were organized, critically analysed and presented in a comprehensive form. Issues related to species conservation were highlighted with respect to the impact of development activities. The long-term monitoring data of reproduction activity in the Hutovo Blato wetland were presented, showing the lowering of spring inflow capacity as the major factors for spawning success. Conclusion. This review will, hopefully, serve as foundation and indicative example for future research aimed at better understanding the origin and status of this fish species in order to assure effective management and conservation programs.

Ivana Vuka,1 Tihana Marciuš,1 Svjetlana Došenović,2 Lejla Ferhatović Hamzić,3 Katarina Vučić,4 Damir Sapunar,1,5,* Livia Puljak5,* 1Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; 3Department for Proteomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department for Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Medicinal Products, Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; 5Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Care, Catholic University of Croatia, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: We conducted a systematic review about patient selection, efficacy, and safety of neuromodulation with electrical field stimulation (EFS) of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in various painful conditions. We also analyzed conclusion statements as well as conflict of interest and financing of the included studies.Methods: All study designs were eligible for inclusion. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and clinical trial registries until September 7, 2018. We assessed risk of bias by using Cochrane tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Results: Among the 29 included studies, only one was RCT, majority being case series and case reports. The evidence is based on studies with small number of participants (median: 6, range 1–152) with various painful conditions. Neuromodulation with EFS of DRG was mostly performed in participants who have failed other treatment modalities. Most of the authors of the included studies reported positive, but inconclusive, evidence regarding efficacy of neuromodulation with EFS of DRG. Meta-analysis was not possible since only one RCT was included.Conclusion: Available evidence suggest that neuromodulation with EFS of DRG may help highly selected participants with various pain syndromes, who have failed to achieve adequate pain relief with other pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. However, these findings should be confirmed in high-quality RCTs with sufficient numbers of participants. Keywords: DRG, pain, neuropathic pain, chronic pain, neurostimulation, electrical stimulation

In an attempt to find an answer to the question of the real importance of Gajret in the social life of the Muslims living in smaller settlements and towns of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the interwar years, the author provides a detailed insight into the activities of Gajret in the vicinity of Tuzla, specifically in Lukavac and Puračić, smaller neighboring settlements which are different when it comes to their socio-economic development, and partially in the social structure of the population itself. The central questions of this thematic are organizational and staff problems and the connections of the Gajret local boards and committees with local politics,along with the important cultural and educational activities of this association.This article can therefore be used as an illustration for the activity of Gajret in the smaller settlements of Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively, their activities in the field. This article is based on the original archival documents, to a lesser extent complemented by fragmentary notes, oral testimonies and memories.