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烟雾血管病是一类病因不明的颅内大动脉闭塞性疾病，主要表现为颈内动脉系统慢性狭窄、闭塞和异常血管网的形成。临床和流行病学研究发现，烟雾血管病患者具有较高的免疫相关疾病患病率，提示免疫因素在烟雾血管病的发生、发展中扮演了重要角色。本文旨在对烟雾血管病与感染、血管炎及自身免疫性疾病等免疫相关疾病的相关性研究展开综述，探讨免疫相关疾病参与烟雾血管病发病的潜在机制。 Abstract: Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is an intracranial large artery occlusive disease of unknown etiology, characterized by chronic stenosis/occlusion of the internal carotid artery system and the formation of abnormal vascular networks. Clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that patients with MMA have a higher prevalence of immune-related diseases, suggesting that immune factors play an important role in the occurrence and progression of MMA. This paper aims to review the correlation between MMA and immune-related diseases such as infections, vasculitis, and autoimmune diseases, and explore the potential mechanisms of immune-related diseases involved in the pathogenesis of MMA.

为降低OOFDM（光正交频分复用）系统中的高PAPR（峰均功率比）,文章提出了一种基于非对称限幅法的抑制算法,其核心思想是通过门限电平去除信号负项并对信号峰值进行限幅,产生满足OOFDM系统要求的正、实基带信号,同时联合滤波技术避免较大PAPR的出现。仿真结果表明,该方法既能有效地改善PAPR特性,又能保证系统获得可靠的误码率性能。

Objective To explore the sleep quality and influencing factors in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia represented by Moyamoya disease without stroke, and analyze the correlation between sleep quality and postoperative ischemic symptoms and stroke. Methods A total of 138 Moyamoya disease patients without stroke confirmed by imaging were prospectively included, and clinical data including gender, age, initial symptoms, and comorbidities were collected. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale was used to assess the patient’s preoperative sleep quality, and the HAMD-17 and MoCA were used to evaluate preoperative depression status and cognitive function, respectively. Clinical characteristics, cognitive function, and depression status were compared between the normal sleep quality group and the decreased sleep quality group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting patient’s sleep quality. Patients who underwent cerebral revascularization were followed up to determine the differences in the incidence of postoperative ischemic events and stroke between the normal and decreased sleep quality groups. Results A total of 52(37.7%) patients with Moyamoya disease experienced decreased sleep quality. Patients with decreased sleep quality were older (P=0.002), had poorer cognitive function (P=0.017), and exhibited more significant depressive tendencies (P=0.012) than those with normal sleep quality. Multivariate analysis suggested that age (OR 1.05, 95%CI 1.01-1.09, P=0.021) and HAMD-17 score (OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.01-1.23, P=0.035) were independent risk factors for decreased sleep quality. Additionally, during the postoperative follow-up, patients with a preoperative decrease in sleep quality had a higher incidence of ischemic symptoms (P=0.008). There was no significant difference in stroke recurrence rates between the two groups. Conclusions Patients with Moyamoya disease without stroke have a higher proportion of sleep disorders, which are associated with postoperative ischemic events, highlighting the need for enhanced assessment and intervention of sleep quality in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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目的 研究丁苯酞注射液对急性大面积脑梗死体积及血清基质金属蛋白酶- 9（m a t r i x metalloproteinases-9，MMP-9）水平的影响。 方法 将58例急性大面积脑梗死患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各29例，对照组予以脑梗死常规治 疗，治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用丁苯酞注射液。两组患者分别在入院时、入院3 d和10 d行头颅磁 共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI），测量脑梗死体积，分别在发病12 h、48 h、72 h检测血清 MMP-9的水平。 结果 与对照组相比，治疗组入院3 d [（144.09±29.41）cm3 vs（170.21±33.09）cm3]及10 d （[ 116.57±25.73）cm3 vs（140.21±29.48）cm3]脑梗死体积缩小，差异有统计学意义。与对照组相比， 治疗组发病后48 h（[ 212.69±10.51）ng/ml vs（247.79±8.25）ng/ml）]及72 h（[ 86.14±4.84）ng/ml vs （106.10±7.03）ng/ml] MMP-9水平下降，差异有统计学意义。 结论 丁苯酞注射液可以降低急性期大面积脑梗死患者MMP-9的表达，缩小脑梗死体积。 Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of butylphthalide injection on matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the volume of acute massive cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 58 cases with acute massive cerebral infarction were randomly divided into control group (n =29) and treatment group (n =29). The control group was given conventional treatment of cerebral infarction, and the treatment group was given butylphthalide injection based on the conventional treatment. Two groups of patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan on admission (first day), third day and tenth day, respectively. The cerebral infarction volume were measured. The serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were detected at 12 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours after onset of disease. Results Comparing with the control group, the infarct volume of the treatment group at third day [(144.09±29.41) cm3 vs (170.21±33.09) cm3] and tenth day [(116.57±25.73) cm3 vs (140.21±29.48) cm3] were significantly reduced, which had statistical significance. Comparing with the control group, the serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 level decreased significantly in the treatment group at 48th hour and 72th hour after the onset of disease [48 h: (212.69±10.51) ng/ml vs (247.79±8.25) ng/ml); 72 h: (86.14±4.84)ng/ml vs (106.10±7.03) ng/ml], which had statistical significance. Conclusion Butylphthalide injection can decrease the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and reduce the volume of acute massive cerebral infarction.

Objective: Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) concentrations are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and new therapies that enable potent and specific reduction are in development. In the largest study conducted to date, we address 3 areas of uncertainty: (1) the magnitude and shape of ASCVD risk conferred across the distribution of lipoprotein(a) concentrations; (2) variation of risk across racial and clinical subgroups; (3) clinical importance of a high lipoprotein(a) threshold to guide therapy. Approach and Results: Relationship of lipoprotein(a) to incident ASCVD was studied in 460 506 middle-aged UK Biobank participants. Over a median follow-up of 11.2 years, incident ASCVD occurred in 22 401 (4.9%) participants. Median lipoprotein(a) concentration was 19.6 nmol/L (25th-75th percentile 7.6-74.8). The relationship between lipoprotein(a) and ASCVD appeared linear across the distribution, with a hazard ratio of 1.11 (95% CI, 1.10-1.12) per 50 nmol/L increment. Substantial differences in concentrations were noted according to race-median values for white, South Asian, black, and Chinese individuals were 19, 31, 75, and 16 nmol/L, respectively. However, risk per 50 nmol/L appeared similar-hazard ratios of 1.11, 1.10, and 1.07 for white, South Asian, and black individuals, respectively. A high lipoprotein(a) concentration defined as ≥150 nmol/L was present in 12.2% of those without and 20.3% of those with preexisting ASCVD and associated with hazard ratios of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.44-1.56) and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.05-1.27), respectively., Conclusions: Lipoprotein(a) concentrations predict incident ASCVD among middle-aged adults within primary and secondary prevention contexts, with a linear risk gradient across the distribution. Concentrations are variable across racial subgroups, but the associated risk appears similar.