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片頭痛の実態は重い神経障害であり，人口の約 10％が日常的に悩んでいる。国際頭痛学会では，4 〜 72時間続く再発性の原発性頭痛障害を片頭痛と定義している。頭痛は片側性かつ脈動性が多く，中等度から重度の強さが日常的な身体活動によって悪化し，めまいや悪心あるいは羞明および音過敏を伴うことが多い。片頭痛には周期的な病態の変化があり，「予兆期」，「前兆期」，「頭痛発作期」，「postdrome（後発症状）」と移行する。発作の約 3 日前から体調の変化を感じる予兆期には視床下部，脳幹，大脳辺縁系，および特定の皮質領域が活性化し，約 3 分の 1 の患者は視覚，感覚，言語または脳幹の障害からなる前兆を伴う時期があるが，その際大脳皮質に特有の“spreading depression (CSD）”が生じる。Postdrome ではめまい，倦怠感，身体の痛み，集中力の欠如，抑うつ症状などが残存し，これが仕事などに対する意欲の低下にもつながる問題となっている。片頭痛の発症メカニズムは 1938 年から研究され始め，現在も治療薬開発のために世界各国で研究が続いているが，近年になって分子生物学や画像解析技術の進歩により，ようやくその病態解明に光明が現れている

本文对延慶版本『平家物语』中的（太白犯昴）（天变地妖②④）等预兆性事件的描写手法进行了分析。其中特别是围绕『平家物语』里的历史事件描写手法与『史记』等正史里的历史记载方式的差异进行了探讨。在研究『平家物语』的历史事件描写手法方面本文是一次新的尝试。已有学者指出延慶版本中的（太白犯昴）等历史事件暗示了平家灭亡的命运。笔者认为这些历史事件的作用并不仅仅拘泥于此。通过共同暗示安德帝的不吉利的命运，分别被记载在不同的章节里的（太白犯昴）与（天变地妖②④）两者相互呼应，突出了作品的主题思想。在以史为鉴的这一构思上，『平家物语』的历史事件描写手法与正史里的历史记载方式仍然极其相似。

In Atsumari district of Minamata city, Kumamoto prefecture, the debris flowed on July 20, 2003. Fifteen persons were killed and houses were destroyed. The purpose of this paper is to study the behaviors and consciousness of the residents of Atsumari district during the heavy rainfalls and the debris flow. Evacuation behaviors and existence of precursor to debris flows were investigated by interviewing the residents who were looking at the Atsumari River and its flood situation. Primary knowledge about precursor to debris flows, the main mental focus of the residents during heavy rainfalls, evacuation behaviors, search and rescue behaviors to the victims after debris flow, living in temporary housing and, recovery and reconstruction plan of residents were studied by means of questionnaire survey. The residents watched the flooding of Atsumari River. They did not seek refuge even when they saw the phenomenon that is considered precursor to a debris flow. Also the result of the questionnaire clearly indicated that there is little knowledge regarding debris flow.

In Atsumari district of Minamata city, Kumamoto prefecture, the debris flowed on July 20, 2003. Fifteen persons were killed and houses were destroyed. The purpose of this paper is to study the behaviors and consciousness of the residents of Atsumari district during the heavy rainfalls and the debris flow. Evacuation behaviors and existence of precursor to debris flows were investigated by interviewing the residents who were looking at the Atsumari River and its flood situation. Primary knowledge about precursor to debris flows, the main mental focus of the residents during heavy rainfalls, evacuation behaviors, search and rescue behaviors to the victims after debris flow, living in temporary housing and, recovery and reconstruction plan of residents were studied by means of questionnaire survey. The residents watched the flooding of Atsumari River. They did not seek refuge even when they saw the phenomenon that is considered precursor to a debris flow. Also the result of the questionnaire clearly indicated that there is little knowledge regarding debris flow., 自然災害科学, 24(1), pp. 33-48; 2005

The debris flow in Harihara district of Izumi City, Kagoshima, occurred at O : 42 a.m. on July 10,1997 after the heavy rainfalls. Twenty one persons were killed and 19 houses were destroyed. The questionnaire survey is undertaken to study the behaviors and consciousness of the residents of Harihara district. The transmission of information, precursor, and evacuation are discussed. The conclusions of this study are as follows. (1) Residents of Harihara district had no preliminary knowledge about precursor of debris flow. (2) Residents paid attention to Harihara river and sabo dam during rainfall. However, they paid no attention after water level decreased. They did not worry about the debris flow. They could not evacuate from the debris flow in advance. (3) Mutual aid among neighborhood was very useful to relief the victims of the debris flow.

The debris flow in Harihara district of Izumi City, Kagoshima, occurred at O : 42 a.m. on July 10,1997 after the heavy rainfalls. Twenty one persons were killed and 19 houses were destroyed. The questionnaire survey is undertaken to study the behaviors and consciousness of the residents of Harihara district. The transmission of information, precursor, and evacuation are discussed. The conclusions of this study are as follows. (1) Residents of Harihara district had no preliminary knowledge about precursor of debris flow. (2) Residents paid attention to Harihara river and sabo dam during rainfall. However, they paid no attention after water level decreased. They did not worry about the debris flow. They could not evacuate from the debris flow in advance. (3) Mutual aid among neighborhood was very useful to relief the victims of the debris flow., 自然災害科学, 18(1), pp. 43-54; 1999