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Fourth industrial (r)evolution demands radical changes in business model in various types of companies. Apart from physical investments and improvement of current physical machinery, new working environment demands changes in human resources management. Higher level of human knowledge will be essential. It lies in new technologies, mathematical models and innovative approaches to problem solving and decision-making process. The current educational system and professions aren't appropriate to adjust in the way needed for the new requirements of fourth industrial (r)evolution. This paper deals with most demanding part of transformation within the company - change of the human labor. Possible new types of human professions will be presented with the solution to avoid or at least minimize resistance to change. Current staff has to be educated so that nobody feels endangered for the current job position. The biggest resistance to change is expected to happen within the elderly part of working force. The challenges of adaption to new working environment, communication with robots and position of the human role within the system will be explored. Also, the changes in organizational system will be noticed with needed steps to be taken in educational system in order to minimize negative effects of transition period, but also to build sustainable educational system for the future.

The paper elaborates the problem of decision making in the machine tools selection in technological process planning using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, one of the most popular methods of professional scenario analysis and decision-making. The application of the AHP method in solving multiple criteria decision making is illustrated through a practical example using Expert Choice (EC) software, which is based on the AHP method. A real machine tools selection problem set in the EC by entering the real data is presented. The finally obtained results were analyzed.

This paper reports about the initial phase of research concept for the development of decision support system (DSS) for machine tool selection that will enable process planners to get detailed information about the machine during procurement process. In this paper, a machine selection problem in process planning will be presented by setting the decision- making model with defined criteria and alternatives. The main idea is to set general directions for developing a DSS and then conduct a survey among machine manufacturers to collect data, which will be entered in the database. The overall goal of the research is to collect not only the technical and economic data, but also the data concerning energy efficiency of machines. Applying the proposed model in DSS will help the users, i.e. process planners to determine the most energy efficient machine. In that way it will contribute to environmental protection and efficient production environment.

The estimation of production times will be the necessary future basis for cost estimation, cost reduction or TCE (Total Cost Estimation). An experienced process planner usually makes decisions based on comprehensive data without breaking it down into individual parameters. So, as the first phase it was necessary to establish a technological knowledge base, define features of the 2D drawing (independent variables), possible dependent variables, size and criteria for sample homogenization (principles of group technology) for carrying out analysis of variance and regression analysis. The second phase in the research was to investigate the possibility for easy automatic, direct finding and applying 3D features of an axial symmetric product to the regression model. The third phase in the research was to investigate the possibility for the application of neural networks in production time estimation and to compare the 224 results between the regression models and neural network models. The most important characteristic of our approach presented in this paper is estimation of production times using group technology, regression analysis and neural networks.

This paper describes new machine tool selection process using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP method) implemented in Expert Choice software. Machines selection is understood as serious investment. In situations like this companies have to make the best possible decision, because it has great effect on company’s future. The AHP method is considered as a good way to make an appropriate decision in short time and in an easy way, using Expert Choice software. The advantages and disadvantages of using this method while choosing new machines are explored

The field of our research is creating learning materials for defining the main criteria for selection of primary processes and types of operations in production. Selection of primary process is based on material nature, quantity, form complexity, part size and some other factors. Type and sequence of operation are results of influence different factors as product shape, surface roughness and tolerance. The application enables users to fully understand the procedure of selecting primary process and sequence operations through step by step tutorials. One of the modules gives user the ability to estimate primary processes and types of operations for any problem of this type. Another module enables users to create, share, and solve custom made tasks. The base programming language of E-Lapp application is Visual Basic.Net, tools used to create e-learning materials are Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 and iSpring Presenter (Adobe Flash).

Even if the biggest individual emissions are reduced, the total environmental impact in some areas will still rise as a consequence of the growing flow of products and the activities to which they are leading. LCA approach include different tools for possibly implementation through process of product design and process planning by help: ISO standards 14040-series, IPPC directive, national legislative, influence of state/non-state organizations, mass media, etc. Our aim is to investigate national and ISO norms and EU/CRO legislative and how they can improve application of the LCA method in practice. It would be presented by selected LCA case study.

The application of the AHP method in solving multiple criteria decision making is illustrated through a practical example using Expert Choice (EC) software based on the AHP method. A real machine tools selection problem set in the EC by entering the real data is presented. The finally obtained results are analyzed. In the previously conducted research a strong correlation was found between the features of the product drawing and production time, which resulted with 8 regression equations. They were realized using stepwise multiple linear regression. The applied criteria included: minimum production time, maximum work costs/total costs ratio for a group of workpieces. Independent values that maximize the work costs/total costs ratio and minimize production times were determined. The obtained regression equations for the parts production time and work costs/total costs ratio are included in the objective functions to reduce production time and increase the work costs/total costs ratio at the same time. The values of decision variables that minimize production time and maximize work costs/total costs ratio were determined.

Classification consideration of the product shape and process sequencing are important conditions for designing a general model for the estimation of production times. In fact, it means development of a technological knowledge base. As a result of our analysis, we have created eight regression equations with the obtained index of determination, with the most important independent variables different for 2D and 3D model. The observed level of subjectivity, constraints and errors were the reasons to use neural networks as the second approach to estimate production time. The survival and growth of businesses in today's market is based on constant innovation and new product development. Business innovation as other approach must take place at all levels, from products, and processes to the organization itself, in order to bring about improvements in competitiveness and business efficiency. We can respond to such demands and manage the appropriate tools to simulate the activities and processes within the factory in the virtual world. The simulation (as introduction to the logistic activities) of the entire flow of materials, including all significant activities of production, storage and transportation are key requirements for quality production planning and necessary manufacturing processes. Discrete simulations, i.e. the applications used for running this type of simulation provide the possibility of creating different scenarios concerning cases of different production parameters, the burden of production capacities, as well as their delays and failures. The simulation model was improved by genetic algorithm for the purpose of minimizing costs and delivery times of products.

The paper deals with the concurrent engineering concept that implies simultaneous activities in integrated product and process development, through the application of Virtual Engineering Technologies, especially in the simulation of production, i.e. Virtual Manufacturing. The main goal is to minimize design modifications in final design stages, and therewith time and costs of design of product and related processes. Expensive physical prototypes and experiments can be avoided by applying numerical FE/FV simulations. Development time is drastically decreased ; many design alternatives can be verified, leading to quality improvements. Application of CE concept is illustrated through numerous case studies of numerical simulations of processes using SIMUFACT.forming software: thick sheet forming, forging, net-shape forming, hot profile extrusion, etc.

The survival and growth of businesses in today's market is based on constant innovation and new product development. Business innovation must take place at all levels, from products, processes to the organization itself, in order to bring about improvements in competitiveness and business efficiency. Furthermore, the number of different components of many products, and, consequently, the demands for the appropriate manufacturing processes and operations, have also increased manifold. We can respond to such demands and manage the appropriate tools to simulate the activities and processes within the factory in the virtual world. The simulation of the entire flow of materials, including all significant activities of production, storage and transportation are key requirements for quality production planning and the necessary manufacturing processes. Discrete simulations, i.e. the applications used for running this type of simulation provide the possibility of creating different scenarios concerning cases of different production parameters, the burden of production capacities, as well as their delays and failures. A further step in the development of the simulation model is the creation of a genetic algorithm for the purpose of minimizing costs and delivery times of products.

This work is a part of the project creating the WEB application necessary for improvement of process planning education and industry application in Internet environment. Here we have elaborated some problems of variants of machining in process plans, selecting tool machines (drilling machines) and manufacturing processes on the basis of the chosen criterions. We have especially emphasized interactions between, machine tools, cutting conditions of tools, part, number of holes, maximal diameter of holes, chucking type, time, and production times through process of machine tools selection.

The estimation of production times will be the necessary future basis for cost estimation, cost reduction or TCE (Total Cost Estimation). An experienced process planner usually makes decisions based on comprehensive data without breaking it down into individual parameters. So, as the first phase it was necessary to establish a technological knowledge base, define features of the 2D drawing (independent variables), possible dependent variables, size and criteria for sample homogenization (principles of group technology) for carrying out analysis of variance and regression analysis. The second phase in the research was to investigate the possibility for easy automatic, direct finding and applying 3D features of an axial symmetric product to the regression model. The third phase in the research was to investigate the possibility for the application of neural networks in production time estimation and to compare the 224 results between the regression models and neural network models. The most important characteristic of our approach presented in this paper is estimation of production times using group technology, regression analysis and neural networks.

The survival and growth of businesses in today's market is based on constant innovation and new product development. Business innovation must take place at all levels, from products, processes to the organization itself, in order to bring about improvements in competitiveness and business efficiency. Furthermore, the number of different components of many products, and, consequently, the demands for the appropriate manufacturing processes and operations, have also increased manifold. We can respond to such demands and manage the appropriate tools to simulate the activities and processes within the factory in the virtual world. The simulation of the entire flow of materials, including all significant activities of production, storage and transportation are key requirements for quality production planning and the necessary manufacturing processes. Discrete simulations, i.e. the applications used for running this type of simulation provide the possibility of creating different scenarios concerning cases of different production parameters, the burden of production capacities, as well as their delays and failures. A further step in the development of the simulation model is the creation of a genetic algorithm for the purpose of minimizing costs and delivery times of products.

In the previous research strong correlation was discovered between the features of the product drawing and production time, which has resulted with 8 regression equations. They were realized using stepwise multiple linear regressions. Since the optimization of these regression equations did not fully define the most frequent requirements, multiobjective optimization was applied. The applied criteria included: minimum production time, maximum work costs/total costs ratio for a group of workpieces. The group was created using specific classifiers that defined similar workpieces. A STEP model with seven decision variables within a group was applied, and the groups with a high index of determination were selected. Independent values that maximize the work costs/total costs ratio and minimize production times were determined. The obtained regression equations of time production parts and work costs/total costs ratio are included in the objective functions to reduce production time and increasing, work costs/total costs at the same time. The values of decision variables that minimize production time and maximize work costs/total costs ratio were determined. As the solution of the described problem, multicriteria interactive STEP method was applied.

The problem of the workpiece shape recognition, and technological process selection and optimization always includes the possibility of shape complexity assessment, and selection of primary process and sequence of operations. The process plans for mechanical products include selection of manufacturing processes: a primary process, and subsequent processes. In the first part, the objective of our research was to investigate the relation between requirements of the design, production quantity and material on one hand and capability of particular process on the other hand in order to be able to consider only the processes that make sense. Also, production costs, quality, lead-times and ecological aspects had to be considered. Our intention was to research and to give some guidance in classifying these requirements, to find the way how to deal with overlapping capabilities of the processes and to explore the methods of dealing with numerous data that would facilitate decisions regarding “best” process selection. In the second part, our research explains the procedure for calculating shape complexity. The possibility to express it as an exact value is useful because it enables distinction on the quantitative level. This is needed for the research of shape influence on process planning. In the third part, the focus of our research is creating of learning materials for defining the main criteria for the selection of primary processes and types of operations in production. The selection of primary process is based on material nature, quantity, shape complexity, part size and some other factors. Type and sequence of operations are the result of the influence of different factors such as product shape, surface roughness and tolerance. The application enables users to fully understand the procedure of primary process and operation sequence selection through step by step tutorials. The base programming language of E-Lapp application is Visual Basic.Net, the tools used to create e-learning materials are Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 and iSpring Presenter (Adobe Flash).

Estimation of production time, delivery term, production costs etc., are some of the key problems of unit production. In the previous research strong correlation was discovered between the features of the product drawing and production time, which has resulted with 8 regression equations. They were realized using stepwise multiple linear regression. Since the optimization of these regression equations did not fully define the most frequent requirements, multiobjective optimization was applied. The applied criteria included: minimum production time, maximum work costs/total costs ratio for a group of workpieces. The group was created using specific classifiers that defined similar workpieces. A STEP model with seven decision variables within a group was applied, and the groups with a high index of determination were selected. Independent values that maximize the work costs/total costs ratio and minimize production times were determined. The obtained regression equations of time production parts and work costs/total costs ratio are included in the objective functions to reduce production time and increasing, work costs/total costs at the same time. The values of decision variables that minimize production time and maximize work costs/total costs ratio were determined. As the solution of the described problem, multicriteria interactive STEP method was applied.

Estimation of production time, delivery term, production costs etc., are some of the key problems of unit production. In the previous research strong correlation was discovered between the features of the product drawing and production time, which has resulted with 8 regression equations. They were realized using stepwise multiple linear regression. Since the optimization of these regression equations did not fully define the most frequent requirements, multicriteria optimization was applied. The applied criteria included: minimum production time, maximum work costs/total costs ratio for a group of workpieces. The group was created using specific classifiers that defined similar workpieces. A STEP model with seven decision variables within a group was applied, and the groups with a high index of determination were selected. Independent values that maximize the work costs/total costs ratio and minimize production times were determined. The obtained regression equations of time production parts and work costs/total costs ratio are included in the objective functions to reduce production time and increasing, work costs/total costs at the same time. The values of decision variables that minimize production time and maximize work costs/total costs ratio were determined. As the solution of the described problem, multicriteria interactive STEP method was applied.

The aim this phase of research is to evaluate production times. These times are results of defined sequence operations, and they will be main criteria for estimation production costs and deadline of delivery. The field of our research is defining the main criteria for selection of primary processes and types of operations in production. Selection of primary process is based on nature of material, quantity, form complexity, part size and some other factors. Type and sequence operation are results of influence different factors as product shape, surface roughness and tolerance. In application will be used some aspects of knowledge base. Application will enable users to understand procedure of selection primary process and sequence operations with possible additional technological gradation support. Self testing of students is included in application. In application are used IT technologies of Visual Basic.NET.

The field of our research is defining the main criteria for selection of primary processes and types of operations in production. Selection of primary process is based on nature of material, quantity, form complexity of the part, part size/mass and some other factors. Type and sequence operation are results of influence different factors as product shape, surface roughness and tolerance. In application will be used some aspects of knowledge base. Application will enable users to better understand procedure of selection primary process and sequence operations with possible additional technological gradation support. Self learning and testing of students is included in application. In application are used IT technologies of Visual Basic.NET.

Very frequently as decision makers we have to develop decision support for possible answers/requests on some important requests for offers, generated for individual or batch production, for example: great number of requested offers for production of products at once, small batches with very rarely repetition, frequently changes of priorities during production, short deadlines of deadline of delivery, market demands for approaching prices of the individual or batch production near the prices of mass production etc. Purpose of this research was establishing possible connections between drawing/3D features and necessary production times/costs..

The development of industry, transport, communications and technology results in tougher competition, i.e. the process of globalization is manifested. Small and medium enterprises (SME) which are greatly affected by this process are expected to accept or to refuse the received offer in a very short time. Consequently, it is impossible for a small enterprise to create a technological process in order to obtain production times. The idea of the authors of this paper is to develop a classification system of parts by means of group technologies. In the next step, an application to enable the production time estimation, and consequently the production costs estimation, for each family of parts will be developed.

Područje istraživanja je definiranje glavnog kriterija za odabir primarnih procesa i vrsta operacija u proizvodnji. Odabir primarnog procesa temeljen je na svojstvima materijala, količini, složenosti oblika izratka, dimenzijama/masi izratka te nekim drugim faktorima. Vrsta i redoslijed operacija su rezultat utjecaja različitih faktora kao što su: oblik izratka, površinska hrapavost i tolerancija. U aplikaciji su korišteni neki aspekti bnaze znanja. Aplikacija će omogućiti korisnicima bolje shvaćanje procedure odabira primarnog procesa i redoslijeda operacija sa mogućim dodatnim tehnologijskom stupnjevanom podrškom. Samoučenje i samotestiranje studenata uključeno je u aplikaciju. U aplikaciji je su korištene tehnologije Visual Basic NET.

In global manufacturing our role can be recognized as supplier and/or customer. Very frequently as decision makers we have to develop decision support for possibly answers/requests on some important requests for offers, generated for individual or batch production, for example: great number of requested offers for production of products at once, small batches with very rarely repetition, frequently changes of priorities during production, short deadlines of deadline of delivery, market demands for approaching prices of the individual or batch production near the prices of mass production etc. Purpose of this research was establishing possible connections between drawing/3D features and necessary production times/costs for manufacturing products.

Companies, while striving for their efficiency and effectiveness, often need to evaluate and improve their technological capabilities. Because there are no standard requirements about evaluating tecjnological capabilities like for quality management system e.g. ISO 9001:2000 or EFQM model, the technology audit is often based on experiences. Companies for the purpose of internal technology audit engage employed experienced auditors who are trained for different types of evaluations.We can find some analogy between audits of systems of quality management and audits of technology capabilities based on systems approach. Hovewer many companies are developing 'their own' Technology Audit Model (TAM) through preparation of audit, accomplishment of audit and audit report with recommendations and corrective measures. Our main goal is to discuss applicability and benefits of the existing tAM for evaluating technological capabilities. On that basis we are further testing and developing applicability and supportabilitys of the TAM model in relation to the technological capabilities of Slovenian companies.

The intention of this paper is to give some methodical approach in process planning. Within this it covers the problem of defining the sequence of operations. Quality of the product, production time and production cost determine sequence of operations. The purpose is to analyze their influences and how to apply them in making decisions. Our developed web application can give within closed interval of tolerance, surface roughness and geometric tolerances, fast and precise, sequence operations for observed dimensions. Next steps of develoment web application would be use additional criterions (influence of the primary process, miminal change of machine tools, chucking, connections between dimensions, etc) to make intersection of the solutions..

Very frequently we must answer on some important requests for offers, generated for individual or batch production, for example : great number of requested offers for production of products at once, small batches with very rarely repetition, frequently changes of priorities during production, short deadlines of delivery, market demands for approaching prices of the individual or batch production near the prices of mass production etc. Purpose of this work is establish possible connections between sketch features and necessary machining times for products manufacturing. Defined hypopthesis says that established connections we can express, except methods of AI, with equations. Established purpose is to define basic process planning with satisfactory precision. Research of the connection between machining time and features of product can give as result regression equations.

Very frequently we must answer on some important requests for offers, generated for individual or batch production, for example : great number of requested offers for production of products at once, small batches with very rarely repetition, frequently changes of priorities during production, short deadlines of delivery, market demands for approaching prices of the individual or batch production near the prices of mass production etc. Purpose of this work is establish possible connections between sketch features and necessary machining times for products manufacturing. Research of the connection between machining time and features of product can give as result regression equations.

The field of our research is defining the main criteria for selection of primary processes and types of operations in production. Selection of primary process is based on nature of material, quantity, complexity of form, size of part and some other factors. Type and sequence operation are results of influence different factors as product shape, surface roughness and tolerance. In application is used some aspects of knowledge base. Application enables users to understand procedure of selection primary process and sequence operations with possible additional technological gradation support. Self testing of students is included in application. In application is using IT technologies of Visual Basic.NET.

This document provides information and instructions for preparing the paper for 9th International Research/Expert Conference ” Trends in the Development of Machinery and Associated Technology” TMT 2005 using computer and printer. If you follow these instructions, the typeface, style and basic layout of your paper should look something like this document. The text of the abstract should be in Times New Roman font style, 11-pt. italic.

Very frequently we must answer on some important requests for offers, generated for individual or batch production, for example: great number of requested offers for production of products at once, small batches with very rarely repetition, frequently changes of priorities during production, short deadlines of deadline of delivery, market demands for approaching prices of the individual or batch production near the prices of mass production etc. Purpose of this research was establishing possible connections between sketch features and necessary production times for manufacturing products. Research of the connection between production time and features of products give us as result technological knowledge base and regression equations.

Very frequently we must answer on some important requests for offers, generated for individual or batch production, for example : great number of requested offers for production of products at once, small batches with very rarely repetition, frequently changes of priorities during production, short deadlines of delivery, market demands for approaching prices of the individual or batch production near the prices of mass production etc. Purpose of this research was establish possible connections between sketch features and necessary production times for manufacturing products. Research of the connection between production time and features of products give us as result technological knowledge base and regression equations.

Research of the most important impact factors for organization distributed production in virtual environment is applied for production specific and original product - bike frame. Process planning and production for selected product, investment costs with eight years period of amortization and the other costs (production materials, technologies, labor, etc) were important in estimation minimum number of bike frame for production costs and business doing without any profit.

The process plans for mechanical products include selection of manufacturing processes: a primary process, and subsequent processes. We define primary processes as net-shape or near net-shape processes. Relation between requirements of the design, production quantity and material on one side and capability of particular process on the other side certainly exist and must be identified to be able to consider only the processes that make sense. Also production costs, quality, lead-times and ecological aspects must also be considered. The paper intention is to research and to give some guidance in classifying these requirements, to find the way how to deal with overlapping capabilities of the processes and to explore the methods of dealing with numerous data that would facilitate decisions regarding “ best” process selection.

This work is a part of the project creating the WEB application necessary for improvement of process planning education and industry application in Internet environment. Here we have elaborated some problems of variants of machining in process plans, selecting tool machines (drilling machines) and manufacturing processes on the basis of the chosen criterions. We have especially emphasized interactions between, machine tools, cutting conditions of tools, part, number of holes, maximal diameter of holes, chucking type, time, and production times through process of machine tools selection.

This work is a part of the project creating the WEB application necessary for improvement of process planning through connection MySQL database with PhP in Internet environment. As different process planners have different experience, it is not wonder that for the same product, different process planners will create different processes. So, integrative nature across the traditional disciplines, such as digital tools for communication, interdisciplinary, virtual environment and multi-skill teams would connect process planning in WEB environment and variants of production with the ideas of Management of Manufacturing, Virtual Manufacturing, CIM/CAPP concept, new approaches in the field of manufacturing strategy, etc. Here we have elaborated few variants of product machining in process plans by analysis of full factorial 22 model. Response of production time is resulted by very high significance of factor M (level of machine tools automation). Index of determination for this model was 0.9980. We have analysed results of algorithm for obtaining quantitative nature of shape complexity. In the next phase of our investigation we would include shape complexity of the final product or result of primary process as the important factor on production times/costs in factorial design and regression analysis.

The paper explains the procedure for calculating shape complexity. The possibility to express it as exact value is useful because it enables distinction on quantitative level. This is needed for research of shape influence on process planning.

This work is a part of the project creating the WEB application necessary for improvement of process planning through connection MySQL database with PhP in Internet environment. Here we have elaborated few problems of variants of machining in process plans, selecting tool machines and manufacturing processes on the basis of the chosen criterions. We have especially emphasized interactions between machine tools, cutting conditions of tools, part, chucking type, batch of size, time, and production costs through the process of machine tools selection.

In the process production, the most important step is making a process plan. Process plan can be taken as input for many functions, for example: production planning, scheduling, part programming, etc. In spite of the importance of process planning in the manufacturing cycle, there is no formal methodology, which can be used, or can help to train personnel for this job. As different process planners have different experience, it is not wonder that for the same product, different process planners will create different processes. Today, the production method is gradually moving toward automation. [1]

This work is a part of the project creating the WEB application necessary for improvement of process planning through connection database (MySQL) with PhP in Internet environment. Here we have elaborated few problems of variants of machining in process plans, selecting tool machines and manufacturing processes on the basis of the chosen criterions. We have indicated the problems of selection and the possibility of working out a solution. We have especially emphasized interactions between machine tools, cutting conditions of tools, part, chucking type, batch of size, time, and production costs through process of machine tools selection.

This work is a part of the project creating the technological database and e – lectures necessary for improvement of education of process planning and connection database (MySQL) and PhP by Internet environment. Here we have elaborated few problems of variants of machining in process plans, selecting tool machines and manufacturing processes on the basis of the chosen criterions. We have indicated the problems of selection and the possibility of working out a solution. We have especially emphasized interactions between cutting conditions of tools, part (geometry, raw material, dimensional accuracy, geometric tolerances, surface finish), chucking type, batch of size, time (machining time, down time), and production costs through process of machine tools selection.

This work is a part of the project creating the technological database necessary for improvement of process planning and connection database through SQL server by Internet environment. Developed web site for Database System and Process Planning is useful especially during development student's project's of technological process inside fields Process Planning, Production and Operations Management. Here we have elaborated the first phase of selecting tool machines, tools and initial material on the basis of the chosen criteria. We have indicated the problems of selection and the possibility of working out a solution.

The subject of this work is a project of technological improvement of a Europe based company. The manufacturing strategy used in the process suggested reengineering to be the viable solution of the problem. The expert team engaged has created a project of technological improvement solutions, necessary changes in the organizational structure, and employee education. Presently, the implementation results have surpassed the expectations.

This work is a part of the project creating the technological database necessary for improvement of process planning and connection database through SQL server by Internet environment. Developed web site for Database System and Process Planning is useful especially during development student's project's of technological process inside fields Process Planning, Production and Operations Management. Here we have elaborated the first phase of selecting tool machines, tools and initial material on the basis of the chosen criteria. We have indicated the problems of selection and the possibility of working out a solution..

Iz općeg natjecanja između svjetskih sila realiziran je koncept Industrija 4.0 kao rezultat razvoja u zadnjih 20 do 30 godina na području robotike, umjetne inteligencije, razvoja memorijskih i procesorskih čipova, senzora, fleksibilnosti alatnih strojeva, ubrzanog razvoja interneta (4G, sada već i 5G). Može se reći da to nije revolucija, već logičan, evolutivan i ubrzan razvoj gore spomenutih područja. Dat je povijesni prikaz industrijskih revolucija sa glavnim obilježjima. Potom su razmatrane prednosti i nedostaci Industrije 4.0. Osobita pažnja, temeljem dostupne literature, posvećena je mogućnosti primjene Industrije 4.0 u Hrvatskoj. Sukladno tome, data je klasifikacija hrvatske industrije obzirom na broj zaposlenih, Nacionalnu klasifikaciju djelatnosti, udio prihoda pojedinih industrijskih grana te udjelu pojedinih grana u prerađivačkoj industriji prema ukupnom prihodu. Kao jedan od preduvjeta primjene Industrije 4.0, razmatrana je DESI usporedba društvene i gospodarske digitalizacije po članicama EU te rezultat istraživanja DESI 2020 po kategorijama. Potom su razmatrani preduvjeti za primjenu Industrije 4.0 u Hrvatskoj. Kao mogući egzaktni pokazatelj mogućnosti primjene koncepta Industrije 4.0 korišten je Koeficijent spremnosti na Industriju 4.0. Kao primjeri metoda za procjenu Koeficijenta spremnosti prikazane su i razmatrane metode IMPULS, AHP, SIRI uz potporu procjene neovisnih procjenitelja. Navedeni su očekivani problemi kod uvođenja koncepta Industrija 4.0 te razmatrana moguća strategija uvođenja koncepta Industrija 4.0 u razmatranoj tvrtki, ali i šire na razini RH. From general competition between the world powers, the concept of Industry 4.0 was realized as a result of development in the last 20 to 30 years in the field of robotics, artificial intelligence, development of memory and process chips, sensors, machine tool flexibility, accelerated internet development (4G, now 5G). It can be said that this is not a revolution, but a logical, evolutionary and accelerated development of the above-mentioned areas. A historical overview, with the main features of Industrial Revolution, is given. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of Industry 4.0 were discussed. Special attention, based on the available literature, is paid to the possibilities of application of Industry 4.0 in Croatia. Accordingly, classification of Croatian industry with regard to the number of employees, the National Work Classification, the share of revenues of individual industries and the shares of individual branches in the manufacturing industry according to total revenue is given. As one of the preconditions for the application of Industry 4.0, the DESI comparison of social and economic digitizations by EU member states and the result of the DESI 2020 survey by categories were considered. Then, the preconditions for the application of Industry 4.0 in Croatia were discussed. The Industry 4.0 Readiness Coefficient was used as a possible exact indicator of the possibility of implementing the Industry 4.0 concept. As examples of the method for estimating the Readiness Coefficient, the methods IMPULSE, AHP, SIRI are presented and considered with the support of the assessment of independent assessors. The expected problems with the introduction of the Industry 4.0 concept and the consideration of possible strategies for the introduction of the Industry 4.0 concept in the considered company and beyond at the level of the Republic of Croatia are stated.

U radu je opisan odabir optimalnog dobavljača iz Kine na temelju tri dobivene ponude za izradu 120 000 komada otkovaka, a otkovci su primarni proces za izradu vratila. Odabir se vršio primjenom AHP metode na temelju kojeg radi softverski program Expert Choice temeljem višekriterijskog odlučivanja. Završni rad temelji se na projektu u kojem je detaljno razrađen odabir primarnog procesa, odabir alata i strojeva, redoslijed operacija, tehnološki proces izrade, analiza vremena i proračun troškova, način skraćenja vremena i cijene izrade, procjena roka isporuke i moguća poboljšanja procesa. Koncentracija završnog rada je na odabiru primarnog procesa te su na osnovi njega ponderirani kriteriji prema kojima se vršio odabir optimalnog ponuđača. The paper describes the selection of an optimal supplier from China based on three obtained bids for the production of 120 000 forged pieces, which are the primary process for making shafts. The choice was made using the AHP method based on the Expert Choice software program based on multi-criteria decision making. This final paper is based on a project detailing the primary process, tool and machine selection, sequence of operations, technological process, time analysis and cost calculation, time-scale and cost estimation, delivery estimates, and process improvement. The focus of this paper is placed on the selection of the primary process as the basis for determining the criteria used to select the optimal bidder.

U ovom završnom radu prikazano je poboljšanje mehanizma za podizanje kreveta u funkcionalnom, ergonomskom i konstrukcijskom smislu. Cilj poboljšanja bio je napraviti mehanizam sa dodatnom funkcijom, uz minimalne konstrukcijske izmjene i dodavanje novih elemenata, korištenjem postojećih alata i naprava. Promjene u konstrukciji nastale su analizom postojećih mehanizama na tržištu, njihovim vrednovanjem, usporedbom dobrih i loših svojstava mehanizama. Na taj način došlo se do optimalne konstrukcije. Mehanizam je nadalje razvijan sa stanovišta ergonomije i bio-mehanike radi optimiranja radnog mjesta rukovatelja mehanizmom ( krevetom). Tehnološka razrada bazirana je na postojećim alatima i napravama , a sve u cilju smanjenja troškova. Za cijeli mehanizam koriste se postojeći alati , osim za gornji kutnik na čijem je alatu potrebna minimalana dorada i donji kutnik za koji trebamo novi alat. Tehnološke liste napravljene su za konkretnu proizvodnju, na konkretnim strojevima, sa stvarnim, izmjerenim, vremenima izrade . Tehnološki podaci rezultat su 30-godišnjeg praćenja proizvodnje i stvaranja baze podataka i znanja . Konačna prodajna cijena ovog mehanizma, u usporedbi sa cijenama postojećih sličnih mehanizmima, daje nam nadu da bi ovakav mehanizam bio vrlo zanimljiv na tržištu. In this final paper, an improvement of the mechanism for raising of beds in functional, ergonomic and constructive sense is shown. The goal of the improvement was to create a mechanism with additional function, with minimal design changes and adding new elements, using existing tools and jigs. The changes in the construction were based on the analysis of existing mechanisms in the market, their evaluation, the comparison of their good and bad properties. In this way, an optimal design was achieved. The mechanism is further developed from the point of view of ergonomics and biomechanics to optimize the workplace of the operator of the mechanism (i.e., bed). Technological development is based on existing tools and jigs, all in order to reduce costs. For the whole mechanism, we use the existing tools, except for the upper corner for which the tool requires minimal reworking and the bottom corner for which we need a new tool. Process documentation is made for actual production, on present machines, with real, measured times. Technological data is the result of a 30-year tracking of production and the creation of a data and knowledge base. The final sales price of this mechanism, in comparison with the prices of existing similar mechanisms, gives us hope that such a mechanism would be very interesting for the market.

Tema ovog rada je studij rada, ergonomija te njihova povezanost i primjenjivost u stvarnim primjerima. U prvim poglavljima obradit će se studij rada i njegov utjecaj na organiziranje proizvodnje te softvere koji služe za njegovu primjenu. U sljedećim poglavljima obradit će se ergonomija i njezina primjena u organiziranju rada te softvere koji omogućuju primjenu ergonomskih načela kod oblikovanja proizvoda i oblikovanje rada na radnim mjestima. Opisana teorija primijenit će na stvarnom primjeru na kojemu će dati prijedlozi za optimizaciju procesa. The subject of this paper is work study, ergonomics and their connection and application in real-life examples. In the first chapters, work study will be elaborated and its impact on the organization od production and softwares for its application. In the following chapters, we will address ergonomics and its application in organizing work and softwares that enable the application of ergonomic principles in product and workplace design. Described theories will be applied in a real life example where there will be given proposals for process optimization.