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Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia with a prevalence that increases by aging. AF causes morbidity and mortality due to thromboembolic events. In developing countries, the use of new generation medications can be delayed. Objective: We evaluated nonvalvular AF patients without effective oral anticoagulation (OAC) when non- vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) were mostly unavailable in Turkey before 2012–2013. The results were compared with what would happen if NOAC was available in use. Patients and Methods: Two-hundred and five patients in AF with adequate information were detected 123 of these patients were nonvalvular AF, (92 patients in these 123 ones were not taking OAC or on ineffective INR range) were included in the study. Results: Thirty-one (25.2%) of these patients were already on effective warfarin therapy. Ninety-two (74.8%) patients were not on warfarin therapy or on out of effective therapeutic range. About 52.2% of participants were female. The mean age was 70.62 ± 11.8 years. Eighteen (19.5%) patients had a recurrent stroke. Conclusion: OACs are recommended for patients with high stroke risk according to CHA2DS2-VASc score. OAC therapy significantly decreases mortality, morbidity, and also especially stroke risk. The only OAC therapy was warfarin over the decades until NOACs have been found. In our study, if NOACs could be available before 2012 in Turkey, 74.8% of our cohort would be under the effective anticoagulation and 19.5% of patients may have avoided from stroke. This is important for patients' lives and also for their costs.

Objective Non high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non HDL-C) covers all aterojenic lipoproteins and correlates with C reactive protein (CRP) which is reliable marker of inflammation. CRP is related to poor angiographic coronary collateral circulation (CCC). We aimed to show whether non HDL-C is associated with CCC.Methods Patients who underwent coronary angiography for stable coronary artery disease and at least one epicardial coronary artery occluded in the proximal or middle region were included in the study. Accrording to the Rentrop scoring system Rentrop 0 and 1 were considered to be poor CCC, and Rentrop 2 and 3 were considered to be good CCC. Non-HDL-C was calculated by subtracting HDL-C from total cholesterol (TC).Results 84 patients were included in the study. While 44 patients (52%) had good CCC, 40 patients (48%) had poor CCC. TC was found to be higher in the poor CCC group than in the good CCC group (224.3 ± 35.6 vs 179.2 ± 25.5 p = 0.000). HDL-C levels were found to be lower in the poor CCC group than in the good CCC group (37.3 ± 9.8 vs 44.1 ± 8.6 p = 0.001). Non-HDL-C cholesterol levels were higher in the group with poor CCC (185.7 ± 39.2 vs 132.8 ± 28.1 p = 0.000). CRP levels were found to be higher in the poor CCC group (3.73 ± 2.5 vs 1.67 ± 1.4 p = 0,000).Conclusion Non-HDL-C is independent predictors of poor CCC.

Aritmojenik sağ ventrikül displazisi (ARVD) na-dir görülen bir kardiyomiyopatidir. ARVD ço-ğunlukla genç yaşlarda tanı alır ve kendisini ventriküler aritmiler, çarpıntı, baş dönmesi, kalp yetmezliği ve hatta ani kardiyak ölüm ile gösterebilir. Görüntüleme yöntemleri ile sağ ventrikül (SV) dilatasyonu ve apikal anevrizma tipik bulgusudur. Fakat ARVD olgularında int-raventriküler trombüs çok nadir görülmektedir. 19 yaşında erkek hasta, hastanemize çarpıntı ve bayılma şikâyetleri ile başvurdu. Elektrokar-diyografisinde ön yüz derivasyonlarda T nega-tifliği bulunmakta idi. Ekokardiyografide sağ ventrikül dilate ve SV apeksinde anevrizmatik oluşum içinde trombüs görüldü (Fig-1). Kardi-yak manyetik rezonans incelemede sağ vent-rikül genişlemesini, yağ infiltrasyonunu, fibro-tik dokuları, SV duvar hareket bozukluğunu ve trombüslü apikal anevrizma doğrulandı. Anti-koagulan tedaviyle üç ay sonra trombüsün rezole olduğu gözlendi ve ICD implante edildi. ARVD tanısında elektrokardiyografik, aritmik, histolojik ve ailesel özelliklerin yanında görün-tüleme yöntemleri de büyük önem taşımak-tadır. Sağ ventrikül dilatasyonu ve apikal anev-rizması tanı sürecinde önemli kriterler olmakla birlikte bu gibi bulgular saptandığında trom-büs varlığı da dikkatlice değerlendirilmelid, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasi-a (ARVD) is a rare form of cardiomyopathy. It commonly presents in young adults with ventricular tachycardia or sudden death. Right ventricular (RV) dilatation and apical aneurysm are the typical findings in ima-ging methods. However intraventricular thrombus is rarely seen in ARVD cases. A 19 year old male was admitted to hospital with palpitation and syncope. T wave inversion was detected on anterior surface electro-cardiogram. Transthoracic echocardio-graphy revealed dilated RV and apical ane-urysm in which thrombus located (Fig-1). Cardiac magnetic rezonans imaging comfir-med RV enlargement, fatty infiltration, fibro-sis, wall motion abnormalities and apical ane-ursym with thrombus. Anticoagulation thera-phy commenced to the patient. After three months later trombus resoluted and ICD was implanted. Imaging methods have a great importance in the diagnosis of ARVD besides electrocardiographic, arrhythmic, histological and familial characteristics. While right ventri-cular dilatation and apical aneurysm are im-portant criteria for the diagnosis process, the presence of thrombus should be evaluated carefully.

Aim Doppler echocardiography has become the standard imaging modality for diastolic function and provides pathophysiological insight into systolic and diastolic heart failure. In this study, we aimed to obtain normal echocardiographic Doppler parameters of healthy Turkish population. Methods Among 31 collaborating institutions from all regions of Turkey, 1154 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Predefined protocols were used for all participants during echocardiographic examination and The American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging recommendations were used for echocardiographic Doppler measurements. Results A total of 967 healthy participants were enrolled in this study after applying exclusion criteria. Echocardiographic examination was obtained from all subjects following predefined protocols. Mitral E wave velocity andE/Aratio were higher in females and decreased progressively in advancing ages. E wave deceleration time and A wave velocity were increased with aging. Assessment of tissue Doppler velocities showed that left ventricular laterale ', septale ', and septals ' were higher in younger subjects and in females.E/e ' ratio was increased progressively with advancing decades. Right ventriculare ' ands ' were decreased buta ' was increased with increasing age. Septale ' lower than 8 cm/s was 1.9% in the fifth decade and 13.7% in ages older than 50 years. TheE/e ' ratio greater than 15 (and also 13) was not found. Conclusion This study, for the first time, provides echocardiographic reference ranges for normal cardiac Doppler data in healthy Turkish population which will be useful in routine clinical practice as well as in future clinical trials. WOS:000560812700001 2-s2.0-85089593434 PubMed: 32815581

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been shown to be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), hyper- tension (HT), coronary artery calcification, and atherosclerotic disease. Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is also associated with atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between EAT and severe MAC. Material/Methods: The study enrolled 102 patients who had severe MAC and 107 patients who did not have MAC, as determined by echocardiographic examination. EAT was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. The parasternal long-axis view was used to measure the maximal EAT thickness. Results: Patients with severe MAC were older (p

Şafak, Özgen (Balikesir Author), Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the monocyte/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte, and HDULDL ratios as markers of the severity of coronary artery ectasia(CE). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University and Balikesir University, Turkey, from January 2017 to October 2018. Methodology: A total of 7,923 coronary angiographs were retrospectively scanned. Inclusion criteria was >1.5 times dilatated of native coronary artery segment. Exclusion criteria was

WOS: 000392195800004, PubMed ID: 27723665, Objective: Data regarding stroke prevention strategies in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) are limited to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). This study aimed to evaluate real-life stroke prevention strategies for NVAF patients in the era of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Methods: We established a cross-sectional, multicenter, nationwide registry of NVAF patients. All consecutive atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and without mechanical heart valves or rheumatic mitral stenosis (but including those with any degree of mitral regurgitation) were enrolled in the ReAl-life Multicenter Survey Evaluating Stroke Prevention Strategies (RAMSES Study; ClinicalTrials. gov identifier NCT02344901) in Turkey. Base-line demographic data, medical history, and medications prescribed for NVAF treatment were collected. Univariate analyses were performed for continuous variables, and the chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Results: In total, 6273 patients from 29 provinces of Turkey were enrolled in the study between February and May 2015, with the contribution of 83 investigators. The mean age was 69.6 +/- 10.7 years; 56% of the patients were females, and one-fifth of the patients had at least one comorbid disease, the most common being hypertension (69%). The mean CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were 3.3 +/- 1.6 and 1.6 +/- 1.1, respectively. The rate of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy use was 72% (37% NOAC and 35% VKA). Conclusion: The RAMSES study showed a higher prevalence of OAC use among NVAF patients than that reported in previous studies. Although NOACs were preferred over VKAs in daily cardiology practice, there is a need for improved OAC therapies for NVAF patients.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy, inappropriate drug use, and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in elderly patients presenting at outpatient cardiology clinics in Turkey. Methods: The EPIC (Epidemiology of Polypharmacy and Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in Elderly Cardiac Outpatients) study will be an observational, real-world, multicenter study conducted to evaluate DDIs and polypharmacy in elderly cardiac outpatients. All consecutive patients (aged ?65 years) admitted to outpatient cardiology clinics between July 30, 2018 and July 30, 2019 who provide written, informed consent will be enrolled. A total of approximately 5000 patients are to be enrolled in this non-interventional study. All of the data will be collected at one point in time and current clinical practice will be evaluated (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03370523). Results: Patient demographics, comorbid disease characteristics, laboratory test results, and details of medication use will be collected using self-reports and medical records. The severity of comorbid disease will be recorded and scored according to Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and patients will be divided into 3 groups: mild, those with a CCI score of 1–2; moderate, those with a CCI score of 3–4; and severe, those with a CCI score of ?5. Polypharmacy will be defined as the use of 5 or more medications at one time. DDIs will be determined using the Lexicomp Online drug interaction screening tool and potentially inappropriate medications will be defined based on the 2015 update of the Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. Severe drug interactions will be defined as those in category D or X. Conclusion: EPIC will be the first large-scale study in Turkey to evaluate polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications, and DDIs in elderly cardiac outpatients in a real-world clinical setting. Amaç: Türkiye’deki kardiyoloji polikliniklerine başvuran yaşlı hastalarda polifarmasi prevalansını, uygunsuz ilaç kullanımını ve ilaç-ilaç etkileşimlerini (İİE) değerlendirmek. Yöntemler: EPIC (Epidemiology of Polypharmacy and Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in Elderly Cardiac Outpatients) çalışması kardiyoloji polikliniklerine başvuran yaşlı hastalarda polifarmasi ve İİE’nin değerlendirileceği, gerçek yaşam verilerini aktaran, çok merkezli ve gözlemsel bir çalışma olarak tasarlandı. Çalışmaya; 30 Temmuz 2018 ve 30 Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında farklı kardiyoloji polikliniklerine başvuran, aydınlatılmış onam formunu imzalayan, 65 yaş ve üzeri, kadın ve erkek, ardışık 5000 hastanın dahil edilmesi planlandı. Hastalarla ilgili tüm verilerin tek bir ziyarette alınması ve verilerin değerlendirilmesi planlandı (ClinicalTrials.gov numarası NCT03370523). Bulgular: Hastalara ait demografik veriler, komorbid hastalık durumları, laboratuvar test sonuçları ve ilaç bilgileri hasta beyanları ve medikal kayıtlar yoluyla toplanacaktır. Komorbid hastalıklar kaydedilecek ve komorbid hastalıkların ciddiyeti Charlson komorbidite indeksi’ne (CKİ) göre hastalar 3 gruba ayrılacaktır: CKİ skoru 1–2 olanlar hafif, CKİ skoru 3–4 olanlar orta, CKİ skoru ?5 olanlar ciddi. Polifarmasi aynı hastanın bir kerede 5 ve üzeri ilaç kullanması olarak tanımlanacaktır. İİE Lexicomp® çevrimiçi ilaç etkileşimi tarama aracı ile kontrol edilecek, potansiyel uygunsuz ilaç kullanımı 2015 Beers kriterlerine göre tanımlanacaktır. D ve X kategorisindeki etkileşimler ciddi ilaç etkileşimi olarak sınıflandırılacaktır. Sonuç: EPIC çalışması kardiyoloji polikliniklerine başvuran yaşlı hastalarda polifarmasi, İİE ve potansiyel uygunsuz ilaç kullanımı konularında gerçek yaşam verilerini ayrıntılı olarak aktaran ilk büyük çaplı çalışma olacaktır. WOS:000475438700008 2-s2.0-85068799852 PubMed: 31311898

PMID:31674928 Objective: Normal reference values for the cardiac chambers are widely based on cohorts from European or American populations. In this study, we aimed to obtain normal echocardiographic measurements of healthy Turkish volunteers to reveal the age, gender, and geographical region dependent differences between Turkish populations and other populations. Methods: Among 31 collaborating institutions from all regions of Turkey, 1154 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Predefined protocols were used for all participants during echocardiographic examination. Blood biochemical parameters were also obtained for all patients on admission. The American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging recommendations were used to assess the echocardiographic cardiac chamber quantification. Results: The study included 1154 volunteers (men: 609; women: 545), with a mean age of 33.5±11 years. Compared to men, women had a smaller body surface area, lower blood pressure and heart rate, lower hemoglobin, total cholesterol, lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and higher high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Cardiac chambers were also smaller in women and their size varied with age. When we compared the regions in Turkey, the lowest values of left cardiac chamber indices were seen in the Marmara region and the highest values were observed in the Mediterranean region. Regarding the right cardiac indices, the Mediterranean region reported the lowest values, while the Black Sea region and the Eastern Anatolia region reported the highest values. Conclusion: This is the first study that evaluates the normal echocardiographic reference values for a healthy Turkish population. These results may provide important reference values that could be useful in routine clinical practice as well as in further clinical trials.

Wegener's granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis) is a form of vasculitis of small-to-medium-sized vessels and associated with diffuse anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA). Cardiac involvement is not uncommon with 6–25% of unselected patients and up to 44% of patients with severe renal involvement. We report a 23-year-old man with Wegener's cardiomyopathy with 25% ejection fraction. The overall mortality rate of Wegener's granulomatosis with cardiac involvement has been reported to be between 15 and 45%. So it is important to keep in mind that cardiac examination is a must to detect if cardiac involvement is present.

WOS: 000429775000020, PubMed ID: 28301907, Adherence to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is an important factor for ensuring efficacy and safety in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). There are controversial results regarding NOAC adherence in real-world data and there are no data about NOAC adherence in Turkish population. This study investigated the NOAC adherence based on self-report, factors affecting nonadherence, and the relation of the adherence level with efficacy and safety outcomes. This multicenter cross-sectional study included 2738 patients (59% female) using NOAC (dabigatran, apixaban, and rivaroxaban) due to NVAF for more than 3 months with >30 days of supply between September 1, 2015, and February 28, 2016. To measure the adherence level, an 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used. The mean age of the patients was 70 +/- 10 years. Of the 2738 patients, 44% were receiving dabigatran, 38% rivaroxaban, and 18% apixaban. A total of 630 (23%) patients had high medication adherence, 712 (26%) moderate adherence, and 1396 (51%) low adherence. Nonadherence had related to stroke (5.6% vs 2.5%, P < .001) and minor (21.2% vs 11.1%, P < .001) and major (6.1% vs 3.7%, P = .004) bleeding rates. The adherence to NOAC was found to be quite low in Turkey. Nonadherence is associated with bleeding and thromboembolic cardiovascular events. Age, taking NOAC twice a day, and the additional noncardiac diseases, depression, and dementia were the independent factors affecting poor medication adherence.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate whether more thanone observer or fractional flow reserve has the same resultsin assessing coronary lesion severity in intermediatelesions.Methods: Our hospital’s database was searched for fractionalflow reserve procedures and then these patient’slesions were assessed visually by three experienced interventionalcardiologist.Results: 8 of 46 patients were (17.4%) female and 38 of 46were (82,6%) male. Average age was 61±11 years (Male:60±11 / Female: 70±7 years). One observer could onlydetect 66.7% of severe lesions and 76.2% of non-severelesions. When two observers agreed about lesion severity,true detection of severe lesions was (max) 76.7%, andtrue detection of non-severe lesions was (max) 66.7%, soa decrease in true detection of non-severe lesions wasobserved. When one of the observers called a lesion “severe”and the lesion was assumed as “severe”, detectionof a severe lesion was 83.3% (p=0.017); if all of the observersagreed that the lesion was “non-severe” then truedetection of a non-severe lesion was 90.5% (p

WOS: 000396440200005, PubMed ID: 28106016, Objective: Gender is an important feature in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study investigated gender-related differences in patients with AF in Turkey. Methods: As a part of RAMSES (ReAl-life Multicenter Survey Evaluating Stroke prevention strategies in Turkey, NCT02344901) study, information of the patients with AF who successively applied to the hospital was analyzed. This cross-sectional, multi-center, nationwide observational study enrolled 6264 non-valvular AF (NVAF) outpatients (55.9% women) from Turkey. Results: Compared with men, women with NVAF were older (71 years [range: 65-78 years] vs. 70 years [range: 62-77 years]; p= 1 [male], >= 2 [female]) had not received any anticogulant therapy. Conclusion: Although women with NVAF receive better treatment than men, anticoagulation therapy is suboptimal in large proportion of men and women, with underuse in high-risk patients and overuse in low-risk patients. There is an urgent need to improve optimization of anticoagulation in patients with NVAF.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a novel method for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high surgical risk. Although short- and medium-term outcomes after TAVI are encouraging, long-term data on valve function and clinical outcomes are limited. Hence, our case can make a contribution to literature. An 80-year-old patient with severe aortic stenosis underwent TAVI in our clinic in October 2015. After 5 months, she admitted to our emergency department with severe dyspnea. Her symptoms were started within 2 days and getting worse day by day. Echocardiography revealed us a severe aortic regurgitation due to dislocation of the valve to the left ventricular outflow tract side. After diagnosis, aortic regurgitation was treated by valve-in-valve technique. TAVI may provide an alternative therapeutic approach to ineligible or poor surgical candidates of degenerative aortic stenosis. However, this technique also has some complications such as mortality, atrioventricular (AV) block, stroke, and coronary obstruction. Valve embolization is an another rare complication of this procedure and usually can be prevented by careful preprocedure annulus measurements, stable lead positioning for rapid pacing, optimal valve positioning, full balloon inflation at the time of valve deployment, and complete balloon deflation before stopping rapid pacing. At this point, our case became important for the complication literature with its time, about 5 months. Because it is the more recently used technique, we need much more time to detect the usefulness and complications of TAVI and learn how to avoid these complications.