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Proboscideans are megamammals widely recorded in South America Quaternary deposits, especially in Brazil, where many specimens were found in tanks and caves. In tank deposits, the fossil remains are usually recognized as adult individuals, although highly and usually fragmented. The records of immature proboscideans are rare, consisting of isolated teeth and jaw fragments, especially from tank deposits. Here we describe a new and rare occurrence of an immature proboscidean — a second upper left deciduous premolar (DP2) of Notiomastodon cf. platensis — from Pernambuco state, Brazil. This record increases the number of immature individuals known for Notiomastodon in Brazil, contributes to the understanding of the frequency of immature individuals in tank deposits, and increases Notiomastodon geographic distribution in South America. Keywords: South America, Quaternary, Notiomastodon platensis, immature, tank deposit.

Este trabalho descreve marcas encontradas em fosseis de mamiferos pleistocenicos do Sitio Lagoa da Pedra, que fica localizado no distrito de Conceicao das Creoulas, identificando possiveis relacoes temporais e/ou fisicas entre os grupos pre-historicos e a megafauna que coabitou a regiao nordeste do Brasil, em Salgueiro - PE, no Pleistoceno Final - Holoceno Inicial. A metodologia aplicada, utilizando microscopio estereoscopico, identificou fosseis que apresentam marcas que foram possivelmente causadas por instrumentos liticos. O trabalho apresenta indicios de interacao homem-megafauna atraves da caca desses animais, reforcando evidencias ja existentes sobre a coabitacao durante o final do Pleistoceno e inicio do Holoceno. BRANDS ON MEGAFAUNA FOSSILS IN LAGOA DA PEDRA, SALGUEIRO-PE, BRAZIL ABSTRACT This work describes marks found on fossil mammals of the Pleistocene Lagoa da Pedra Site, which is located in the Conceicao das Creoulas district, identifying possible temporal and / or physical relationships between prehistoric groups and the megafauna that cohabitated the northeast region of Brazil. , in Salgueiro - PE, in the Late Pleistocene - Early Holocene. The applied methodology, using stereoscopic microscope, identified fossils presenting marks that were possibly caused by lithic instruments. This work presents evidence of human-megafauna interaction through hunting of these animals, reinforcing existing evidence on cohabitation during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Keywords : Quaternary; marks; fossils; pleistocene mammals; megamammals.

Este trabalho descreve marcas encontradas em fosseis de mamiferos pleistocenicos do Sitio Lagoa da Pedra, localizado no distrito de Conceicao das Creoulas, identificando possiveis relacoes temporais e/ou fisicas existentes entre os grupos pre-historicos e a megafauna que coabitou a regiao de Salgueiro no Pleistoceno Final - Holoceno Inicial. A metodologia aplicada identificou fosseis que apresentam marcas possivelmente causadas por instrumentos liticos. O trabalho apresenta indicios de interacao homem-megafauna atraves da caca desses animais, reforcando as evidencias sobre a coabitacao durante o final do Pleistoceno.

A Bacia de Jatobá pertence ao denominado Rifte Recôncavo-Tucano-Jatobá, estrutura geotectônica constituída por extenso rifte abortado no Cretáceo durante as fases de fragmentação do Supercontinente Gondwana. Este trabalho enfoca inédita análise de facies e sistemas deposicionais da Formação São Sebastião (Eocretáceo). As facies foram identificadas segundo a litologia predominante, geometria dos corpos, estruturas sedimentares e padrão de paleocorrentes. As principais litofacies reconhecidas foram: (i) conglomerados sustentados pela matriz e arenitos grossos a médios, conglomeráticos com estratificações cruzadas acanaladas de pequeno porte, ou maciços; (ii) arenitos grossos a médios com estratificações cruzadas acanaladas de médio e grande porte; (iii) arenitos médios com boa seleção e estratificação plano-paralela e (iv) arenitos médios com estratificação cruzada tabular de médio porte, bem selecionados. As facies (i) foram interpretadas como geradas por sistemas fluviais entrelaçados efêmeros. O conjunto de facies (ii), (iii) e (iv) foi interpretado como originado em campo de dunas eólicas, lenções de areia eólica e interduna. A Formação São Sebastião representa a interação de dois sistemas deposicionais: eólico e fluvial. As características sedimentológicas dos arenitos da Formação São Sebastião indicam ambiente de sedimentação inicialmente fluvial, com posterior retrabalhamento por vento, e a superior, um ambiente desértico, tipicamente eólico, com interações fluviais.

The Pediomyiodea has been largely regarded as a Late Cretaceous North American metatherian lineage; however, some studies have suggested that a few South American taxa could be related to this family. Herein, Austropediomys marshalli gen. et sp. nov. from the Itaborai Basin, Brazil (lower Eocene – Itaboraian SALMA), is described. Austropediomys gen. nov. represents the first report of a pediomyoid metatherian in the Paleogene of South America backed by a phylogenetic analysis. Several derived features in the upper molars support its belonging to the Pediomyoidea: presence of accessory ‘conular-like’ structures (here named conuloids) lingual to the conules; supernumerary stylar cusps; asymmetric stylar shelf, with parastylar shelf reduced to a narrow rim in M1; straight centrocrista; short and obliquely oriented prepacrista, which contacts StA in M2–3. The presence of ‘conular-like’ structures lingual to the paraconule and metaconule is identified in Austropediomys gen. nov. and in Late Cretaceous pediomyoids as well, and results in the phylogenetic analysis as a synapomorphy of the Pediomyoidea. Austropediomys gen. nov. is autapomorphyc in the presence of enlarged conuloids on protocristae. The record of a pediomyoid in the Paleogene of South America increases the temporal and biogeographical range of this lineage. Also, our results support the hypothesis that several non-related metatherian lineages dispersed from North to South America via the Caribbean Plate, most probably during the latest Cretaceous, in an island-hopping or sweepstakes model.

In Brazil, Glyptotherium findings occur mainly in the Northeastern region. In the northeast, Brazilian Intertropical Region (BIR), there are records of Glyptotherium of the Upper Pleistocene, mainly in the State of Pernambuco. This work reports new findings of Glyptotherium in a tank deposit from the Upper Pleistocene of Pernambuco, corresponding to isolated osteoderms and an astragalus which approaches in detail to North American forms. This record expands both the distribution of Glyptotherium to the BIR, and the data regarding the paleobiogeographic relations among the faunas of megamammals of the North of South America, Central America, and the South of North America during the Late Pleistocene.

Xenarthran osteoderms are integumentary bones with high fossilization potential presenting a high degree of morphological and histological diversity. Here, new data on the osteoderms histology of two glyptodonts, Panochthus and Neuryurus are presented. The poor spatial organization of the mineralized fibers and a large trabecular area in the middle zone identified in Neuryurus indicate a different bone pattern than the one found in Panochthus, which is mainly characterized by a middle zone with less spongiosa. Through the Bone Profiler program, the degree of compactness of the specimens was obtained, with about 70% for Neuryurus sp. and approximately 90% for Panochthus sp., showing the difference in bone pattern. These values confirm the visible difference in the histological patterns of these taxa, especially in the middle zone. This work demonstrates the microstructural variation studied in osteoderms and shows the importance of paleohistology as a starting point for a better understanding of extinct taxa.

Occurrences of gomphotheres in northeastern Brazil there are in tank deposits, caves and lagoons and many of these records are from the Pleistocene tank deposits, formed by physical and chemical erosion in crystalline rock. These deposits are common in northwestern of State of Ceara and correspond to the most Pleistocene fossil findings. This paper presents the description of two specimens of gomphotheres identified as Gomphotheriidae constituting an unprecedented record for the City of Iraucuba, Ceara, located 150 km from Fortaleza. In the same place, Xenarthra, Liptoterna, Notoungulata and Perissodactyla were also found.

The present study acknowledges the diversity of fossil marsupials from the Gruta dos Moura cave, as well as environmental and climatic aspects during the Quaternary. The results show that this is the largest diversity of Pleistocene marsupials recorded in a single cave: Didelphis albiventris, D. aurita, Gracilinanus agilis, G. microtarsus, Marmosa murina, Monodelphis brevicaudata, M. domesticaand Sairadelphys tocantinensis. Furthermore, the described specimens are also part of the only fossil assemblage unequivocally referable to the late Pleistocene. Paleontological studies suggest an intimate association with dry and open environments with high abundance of water sources. Since most of the identified taxa are characteristic of open forests and gallery forests, this could represent the actual environment around the Gruta dos Moura cave. Recent studies identified sympatric occurrences between species from open and dry environments and species from humid forests that were identified among our material and are characteristic of humid regions. Therefore, these species could inhabit gallery forests and capons, or even ecotones, inside a dry and open environment. Moreover, the extinction of Sairadelphyscould also indicate that the climatic and environmental conditions changed or that the past environment was more heterogeneous than the current environment of the region. Neste estudo pretende-se reconhecer a diversidade de marsupiais fósseis da Gruta dos Moura além dos seus aspectos ambientais e climáticos durante o Quaternário. Constatou-se que esta é a maior diversidade de marsupiais Pleistocênicos coletados em uma única caverna: Didelphis albiventris, D. aurita, Gracilinaus agilis, G. microtarsus, Marmosa murina, Monodelphis brevicaudata, M. domestica e Sairadelphys tocantinensis. Além disso, esses marsupiais também reúnem a única assembleia fossilífera que seguramente está associada ao Neopleistoceno. Estudos paleontológicos realizados sugerem uma íntima associação com ambientes secos, abertos e de alta profusão de recursos hídricos. Assim, como a maioria dos táxons identificados são característicos de florestas abertas e matas de galerias, essa poderia ser de fato a paisagem do entorno da Gruta dos Moura. Estudos recentes identificaram simpatria entre espécies de ambientes secos/abertos e de florestas úmidas dos táxons aqui identificados e característicos de regiões úmidas. Assim, essas espécies poderiam habitar matas de galeria e capões, ou até ecótonos, em um ambiente mais seco e aberto. Além disso, a extinção de Sairadelphyspode ser outro indício de que as condições climático-ambientais mudaram ou que o ambiente pretérito era mais heterogêneo que o encontrado atualmente na região.

Zeusdelphys complicatus is one of the most enigmatic metatherians from the Itaboraí Basin. The type and only known specimen was previously regarded as the upper dentition of Eobrasilia; an M4 of a new taxon; an M3 of a Kollpaniidae (now regarded as a group of “condylarths”); a probable M1 of an incertae sedis taxon; and as an M1 of a Protodidelphidae. Herein, we present a morphological review of the dental structures of Zeusdelphys complicatus, presenting new interpretations and comparing it with other North and South American taxa. We also perform a phylogenetic analysis in order to test the affinities of Zeusdelphys and the validity of most studied characters. The results recovered Zeusdelphys complicatus as more closely related to Hatcheritherium alpha than to any other metatherian. Glasbiidae were recovered as the sister lineage of Protodidelphidae within Didelphimorphia, as true marsupials. Ectocentrocristus was recovered as the sister taxon of Zeusdelphys + Hatcheritherium, as a Hatcheriformes. The analysis recovered this suborder as an independent lineage from Polydolopimorphia, being more closely related to “Alphadontidae”. The affinities with Protodidelphidae are a result of convergent evolution, as Zeusdelphys is more closely related to Hatcheritherium alpha from the Late Cretaceous of North America. The results support a North American origin for Hatcheriformes. The presence of strong sea-level lowstands and islands in the Caribbean Plate during the Late Cretaceous provide valid data to support a faunal interchange between Americas during the latest Late Cretaceous. Based on the results, Zeusdelphys represents a South American early Eocene surviving Hatcheriformes.

Fossil remains of the sigmodontine rodent Holochilus brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819) from two geographic areas from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil are reviewed and described here. The specimens came from two localities: Quarai River in the western region, which has yielded a dentary with an incisor and molars, and Chui Creek in the eastern region, where a fragmented right dentary and a maxillary fragment with molars were collected. The presence of this taxon in the late Pleistocene of meridional Brazil suggests the existence of perennial water bodies. Keywords : mammals, rodents, late Pleistocene, paleoenvironment, Rio Grande do Sul.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o papel da família no processo de aprendizagem e reprodução do gosto pela prática futebolística amadora. Para isto, optou-se em utilizar os princípios da Etnografia para estudar a equipe do Mirante E. C., localizada na cidade de Ponta Grossa-PR. Utilizou-se como baliza temporal o período de 2013 a 2017, momento que observou-se jogos oficiais, peladas (jogos não oficiais), amistosos e também os espaços de socialização dos atletas, totalizando 180 saídas de campo. Nessa análise, identificou-se um imbricamento entre a estrutura familiar e a estrutura do clube, emergindo a necessidade de preservação deste lócus, ou seja, um espaço em que se valoriza a herança cultural futebolística, as trajetórias dos agentes, a coletividade e o próprio lugar.

Intertropical Pleistocene taxa of dasypodids and pampatheriids are reported for the Lagoon-Barrier III System (Arroio Chui locality) and for the Touro Passo Formation (Ponte Velha I locality), both from Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. The record of pampatheriids includes new specimens that confirm the presence of Pampatherium humboldti in the Arroio Chui assemblage. Material previously assigned to Holmesina majus is identified as H. paulacoutoi. The record of dasypodids includes a large-sized specimen of the genus Dasypus, represented by an isolated pelvic buckler osteoderm, closely related to Dasypus (Hyperoambon) kappleri, and of Propraopus sulcatus, represented by isolated moveable and fixed osteoderms. This southernmost Brazilian record of P. sulcatus extends their distribution by about 2200 km from Lagoa Santa (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The first record of P. sulcatus also includes specimens previously referred to as Propraopus cf. grandis from the Touro Passo Formation. Propraopus sulcatus differs from P. punctatus and P. grandis in having: osteoderms with wrinkled external surface, with wide and relatively deep sulci; principal figure plane, ranging from subcircular to hexagonal in fixed osteoderms; and moveable osteoderms with principal sulci forming a lageniform figure, and with four to five larger foramina distributed on the posterior half of these sulci. The late Pleistocene mammals of the coastal province and western Rio Grande do Sul were previously considered closely related to those of the Pampean region of Argentina. However, the presence of intertropical mammals in southern Brazil (Arroio Chui locality and Touro Passo Formation) mixed with Pampean representatives, corroborates the proposal of a close paleobiogeographic relation with assemblages of northern Uruguay and Argentine Mesopotamia.

For this study, the Procyon cancrivorus m1, m2, PM4 and M1 teeth were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in order to observe dental microwear patterns. Tooth of subadult, adult and senile individuals were studied. The results showed different microwear signs with pits and cross scratches abundance. The combination of pits and cross scratches suggests a microwear pattern related to omnivorous diet. The dental microwear may become a useful tool for the species food web analyses and assist the studies about diet

We describe a new metatherian of the genus Gaylordia Paula Couto, from the early Eocene Itaboraí Basin, Brazil. This new species (estimated body mass ~60-90.9 g) is based on lower and upper dentition elements and is characterized by a more plesiomorphic dental morphology with respect to G. macrocynodonta Paula Couto (with a larger body mass, estimated in ~74-103 g for large individuals or males). The species G. doelloi Marshall, represented by small individuals or females, is regarded a junior synonym of G. macrocynodonta. A phylogenetic analysis as well as details of the occlusal surface of its upper and lower molars suggests that Gaylordia is closely related to the Pucadelphyidae, a non-marsupial “ameridelphian” group previously recorded at the early Paleocene locality of Tiupampa, Bolivia., Descreve-se um novo marsupial basal do gênero Gaylordia Paula Couto, do Eoceno inicial da bacia de Itaboraí, Brasil. Esta nova espécie (massa corporal estimada ~60-90.9 g) está baseada na dentição superior e inferior, e é caracterizada por uma morfologia dentária mais plesiomórfi ca em relação a G. macrocynodonta Paula Couto (cuja maior massa corporal é estimada em ~74-103 g para grandes indivíduos ou machos). A espécie G. doelloi Marshall, representada por indíviduos pequenos ou fêmeas, é considerada um sinônimo junior de G. macrocynodonta. Uma análise fi logenética, bem como detalhes da superfície oclusal de seus molares superiores e inferiores sugerem uma relação próxima de Gaylordia aos Pucadelphyidae, um grupo de ameridélfi os não marsupiais previamente registrados no Paleoceno inicial da localidade de Tiupampa, Bolivia., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Arthritic lesions have been frequently diagnosed in the fossil record, with spondyloarthropathy (a type of erosive and pan-mammalian arthritis) being one of the most common types described to date for mammals, though not restricted to this group. Here, we identify spondyloarthropathy in fossil bones from the late Pleistocene in Brazil assignable to a large glyptodont individual. Bone erosions in the peripheral joints (viz., the ulna, radius, left femur and tibiae-fibulae) associated with osteosclerosis allow the diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy. The presence of osteophytes in seven bones of the forelimbs (viz., the ulna and radius) and hind limbs (viz., the tibiae-fibulae, left femur and patellae) and a subchondral cyst in one element (viz., the left femur) indicate secondary osteoarthritis. A calcified deposition on the articular surface of the left patella indicates the presence of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, which, like the observed osteoarthritic alterations, likely represents a complication of spondyloarthropathy. This is the first report of spondyloarthropathy for xenarthrans.

This paper deals with xenarthrans osteoderms assigned to Dasypus aff. D. novemcinctus, Euphractus sexcinctus and Cabassous sp. The material was collected in subsurface, from 0.10 to 0.60 m in the Urso Fóssil Cave, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. The ages of sediment samples from levels 4 and 5 (depths of 0.40 and 0.50 m) were determined by thermoluminescence technique, and indicated ages of 8,000 and 8,200 years BP for each layer respectively. The presence in these layers of early Holocene xenarthrans taxa can contribute to the understanding of the biotic evolution of the northwest region of Ceará during the last 10,000 years. Two of the three identified taxa still occur in the region: Dasypus novemcinctus and Euphractus sexcinctus. The Dasypodidae fauna here reported includes animals with generalist feeding habits and current wide geographical distribution. It is suggested, therefore, that the climatic and environmental conditions in the early Holocene were very similar the actual ones, and that the absence of Cabassous may be conditioned to other factors, such as anthropogenic action and loss of habitat by fragmentation of the vegetation. Este artigo refere-se a osteodermos de xenarthras atribuídos a Dasypus aff. D. novemcinctus, Euphractus sexcinctus e Cabassous sp. O material foi coletado em subsuperfície, de 0,10 a 0,60 m na Gruta do Urso Fóssil, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, no estado do Ceará, nordeste do Brasil. As idades das amostras de sedimento dos níveis 4 e 5 (profundidades de 0,40 e 0,50 m) foram determinadas pela técnica de termoluminescência, e indicaram idades de 8.000 e 8.200 anos AP, respectivamente. A presença de táxons de xenarthras nestes níveis do Holoceno inicial, pode contribuir para um melhor entendimento da evolução biótica da região noroeste do Ceará durante os últimos 10.000 anos. Dois dos três táxons identificados ainda ocorrem na região: Dasypus novemcinctus e Euphractus sexcinctus. A fauna de Dasypodidae aqui relatada compreende animais de hábitos alimentares generalistas e com ampla distribuição geográfica atual. Sugere-se, pois, que as condições climáticas e ambientais no início do Holoceno foram muito semelhantes às atuais, e que a ausência de Cabassous pode estar condicionada a outros fatores, como ação antrópica e perda do habitat por fragmentação vegetacional.

Early Paleogene metatherians with inflated, low cusps (bunodont dentition), such as Bobbschaefferia, Procaroloameghinia, Protodidelphis, Guggenheimia, and Zeusdelphys have been subject to different interpretations regarding their affinities. A phylogenetic study including these bunodont marsupials and other selected metatherians presented here leads to the recognition of the following taxonomic assignments: "Ameridelphia", Protodidelphidae: Carolocoutoia ferigoloi, Guggenheimia brasiliensis, G. crocheti sp. nov., Protodidelphis vanzolinii, P. mastodontoides (=Robertbutleria mastodontoidea), Periprotodidelphis bergqvisti gen. et sp. nov., and Zeusdelphys complicatus; Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia, Peradectoidea, Caroloameghiniidae: Procaroloameghinia pricei; Australidelphia, Polydolopimorphia, family indet.: Bobbschaefferia fluminensis and aff. Bobbschaefferia sp. The phylogenetic analysis does not support a closer relationship between protodidelphids and living didelphids as well as between Guggenheimia and Mirandatherium. No closer relationship was found between Zeusdelphys with Minusculodelphis and Monodelphopsis. Procaroloameghinia is regarded as a peradectoid didelphimorphian with bunoid dentition convergent with, but without direct affinities to, protodidelphids or polydolopimorphians. Bobbschaefferia is regarded as a basal polydolopimorphian, even though the scarce evidence at hand prevents us from assign it to any particular family of the suborder Hatcheriformes. Correlation with stratigraphic, sedimentary and magmatic data from some of the best studied margin basins in SE Brazil, together with the systematic reassessment of bunodont metatherians from Itaboraí, suggest that the Itaboraian SALMA is latest Paleoceneearly Eocene in age. Itaboraian protodidelphids, sternbergiids and caroloameghiniids are also recorded in the Las Flores locality/ Formation (central Patagonia) and in the La Barda locality (northwestern Patagonia) during the latest Paleocene and early Eocene., Metatérios do Paleógeno inicial com cúspides infladas e baixas (bunodontes) como Bobbschaefferia, Procaroloameghinia, Protodidelphis, Guggenheimia e Zeusdelphys têm sido objeto de diferentes interpretações sobre suas afinidades. Um estudo filogenético, incluindo esses marsupiais bunodontes, assim como outros metatérios selecionados, conduz ao reconhecimento das seguintes atribuições taxonômicas: “Ameridelphia”, Protodidelphidae: Carolocoutoia ferigoloi, Guggenheimia brasiliensis, G. crocheti sp. nov., Protodidelphis vanzolinii, P. mastodontoides (= Robertbutleria mastodontoidea), Periprotodidelphis bergqvisti gen. et sp. nov. e Zeusdelphys complicatus; Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia, Peradectoidea, Caroloameghiniidae: Procaroloameghinia pricei; Australidelphia, Polydolopimorphia, fam. indet.: Bobbschaefferia fluminensis and aff. Bobbschaefferia sp.. A análise filogenética não fornece suporte a uma íntima relação entre protodidelfídeos e didelfídeos viventes. Nenhuma relação próxima foi encontrada entre Zeusdelphys com Minusculodelphis e Monodelphopsis. Procaroloameghinia é posicionado como um didelfimórfio basal (Peradectoidea, Caroloameghiniidae), com dentição bunodonte convergente, porém sem afinidade direta a protodidelfídeos e polidolopimórfios. Bobbschaefferia é considerado como um polidolopimórfio basal, embora sua escassa evidência impossibilite atribuí-lo a qualquer família em particular da subordem Hatcheriformes. Correlação com dados estratigráficos, sedimentares e magmáticos de algumas bacias marginais bem estudadas do sudeste do Brasil, juntamente com a revisão sistemática de metatérios bunodontes de Itaboraí, sugere que a SALMA Itaboraiense é de idade Paleoceno tardioEoceno inicial. Protodidelfídeos, sternbergídeos e caroloameghinídeos itaboraienses são também reportados na localidade/Formação Las Flores (Patagonia central) e na localidade La Barda (NE Patagonia) durante o Paleoceno tardio e o Eoceno inicial., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Os mamíferos pleistocênicos são encontrados com frequência em toda a região Nordeste do Brasil. Os fósseis em geral ocorrem em tanques, lagoas, terraços fluviais, cavernas e ravinas. No estado de Pernambuco são registradas ocorrências de mamíferos pleistocênicos em 38 municípios. Neste trabalho, foram estudados aspectos taxonômicos e tafonômicos de paleofauna, preservada em lagoas da bacia do riacho Caboclo, tributário do rio São Francisco, em Afrânio, Pernambuco, Brasil. A pesquisa envolveu levantamento bibliográfico, cartográfico, trabalhos de campo e laboratoriais. Mais de 1.250 ossos, dentes e osteodermos foram estudados. A associação fossilífera é monotípica, poliespecífica, com os graus de fragmentação e desgaste variando em quatro classes. Os ossos foram preservados por conservação da composição química original, permineralização e substituição por calcita e por calcita magnesiana. Foi identificada uma diversificada fauna distribuída em cinco ordens (Tardigrada, Cingulata, Notoungulata, Proboscidea e Perissodactyla), sete famílias (Megatheriidae, Mylodontidae, Dasypodidae, Glyptodontidae, Toxodontidae, Gomphotheriidae e Equidae) com os taxa: Eremotherium laurillardi, Mylodonopsis ibseni, Panochthus greslebini, Holmesina paulacoutoi, Hoplophorus euphractus, Stegomastodon waringi, Toxodon platensis, equídeo e gliptodontideo indeterminados. Foram registrados pela primeira vez em Pernambuco os gêneros Hoplophorus e Mylodonopsis. A paleofauna é predominantemente herbívora, de um paleoambiente de savana ou cerrado. Através da datação por Luminescência Opticamente Estimulada (LOE) de sedimentos depositados em camadas acima dos fósseis, estimou-se uma idade mais antiga do que 11.300±2.000 anos para a última fase de ocupação da megafauna na região.

We describe the oldest Paucituberculata marsupials, from the La Barda and Las Flores localities (Argentina; Late Palaeocene, and Early-Middle Eocene), as well as from the Itaboraí Basin (Brazil; Late Palaeocene). The new taxa are represented by very scarce, although well-preserved, dental remains. A parsimony analysis was performed in order to evaluate the phylogenetic affinities of these taxa. Representatives of both Riolestes capricornicus gen. et sp. nov. and Bardalestes hunco gen. et sp. nov. appear to be basal paucituberculatans, and their molar features give clues on the early evolution of the representatives of this order. Within the Paucituberculata we recognize two major clades: Caenolestoidea and Palaeothentoidea. We conclude that 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupials of the traditional literature (i.e. Polydolopimorphia + Paucituberculata) do not form a natural group., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

New specimens of Glyptodon sp., Morenelaphus sp., Pampatherium typum and Testudines indet. from the outcroup Salatiel II, Sanga da Cruz, Alegrete, State of Rio Grande do Sul, are reported. The fossils are represented by long bones and isolated and articulated osteoderms. The fossil material comes from conglomerate sandstones assigned to the latest Pleistocene (Lujanian age). The reported absolute dates for the Sanga da Cruz are in according to the Lujanian age, but the reworking evidences coupled with the wide temporal range of the reported Pleistocene taxa disables a better correlation and a paleoecological interpretation.