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Electronic health records provide rich, heterogeneous data about the evolution of the patients’ health status. However, such data need to be processed carefully, with the aim of extracting meaningful information for clinical decision support. In this paper, we leverage interpretable (deep) learning and signal processing tools to deal with multivariate time-series data collected from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the University Hospital of Fuenlabrada (Madrid, Spain). The presence of antimicrobial multidrug-resistant (AMR) bacteria is one of the greatest threats to the health system in general and to the ICUs in particular due to the critical health status of the patients therein. Thus, early identification of bacteria at the ICU and early prediction of their antibiotic resistance are key for the patients’ prognosis. While intelligent data-based processing and learning schemes can contribute to this early prediction, their acceptance and deployment in the ICUs require the automatic schemes to be not only accurate but also understandable by clinicians. Accordingly, we have designed trustworthy intelligent models for the early prediction of AMR based on the combination of meaningful feature selection with interpretable recurrent neural networks. These models were created using irregularly sampled clinical measurements, both considering the health status of the patient and the global ICU environment. We explored several strategies to cope with strongly imbalance data, since only a few ICU patients are infected by AMR bacteria. It is worth noting that our approach exhibits a good balance between performance and interpretability, especially when considering the difficulty of the classification task at hand. A multitude of factors are involved in the emergence of AMR (several of them not fully understood), and the records only contain a subset of them. In addition, the limited number of patients, the imbalance between classes, and the irregularity of the data render the

The main dietary challenge for organic swine feeding is ensuring that feed fulfils the nutrient requirements, in particular to protein and amino acid profile, after the expiration that allow producers to include up to 5% non-organic feed within their rations, which is expected to 2020. Thus, this work was designed to propose an organic feeding strategy and to analyse the nutritional, economic and environmental viability of locally produced feedstuff use. A representative sample of organic feed ingredients were selected, according to EC No 834/2007 and No 889/2008, in feed mills and producers from Catalonia and nearby area: cereals (n=22), cereal by-products (n=4) and protein concentrate (n=25). Diets were formulated for the different physiological phases, adjusted to the Spanish (FEDNA, conventional) and French (ITAB, organic) nutritional recommendations. Diets were formulated without soybean expeller or full-fat soybean when using French standards, using instead other protein sources adapted to the Mediterranean climate (Narbonne vetch, beans, peas, and fenugreek) and winter cereals (rye, wheat, barley and triticale). The assessment of environmental impacts (phosphorus demand, non-renewable energy, eutrophication, acidification, climate change and land occupation) of the diets (per unit of produced feed), through life-cycle analysis by means of the database ECOALIM (2016), was higher in piglets and lower in pregnant sows, and much higher when formulating according to FEDNA vs. ITAB standards. In the economic valuation of the diets (purchase or self-production), a business model that integrates agriculture and livestock farming would be more profitable., El principal desafío en alimentación para porcino ecológico es garantizar que los alimentos de la dieta cumplan los requerimientos nutricionales, en particular en proteína y perfil de aminoácidos, al finalizar la moratoria de uso de hasta un 5% de alimentos no ecológicos en las raciones, prevista para 2020. Así, este trabajo se planteó para proponer una estrategia de alimentación y analizar la viabilidad nutricional, económica y ambiental de formular raciones con alimentos alternativos, producidos localmente. Se seleccionó una muestra representativa de productos de cultivos ecológicos, de acuerdo al Reglamento (CE) 834/2007 y 889/2008, de fábricas de piensos y productores de Cataluña y zona próxima: cereales (n=22), subproductos de cereales (n=4) y concentrados de proteína vegetal (n=25). Las dietas se formularon para las diferentes fases fisiológicas, ajustadas a las recomendaciones nutricionales españolas (FEDNA, convencional) y francesas (ITAB, ecológicas). Se formularon dietas prescindiendo de la soja (torta de presión y soja integral) según recomendaciones nutricionales francesas y utilizando fuentes proteicas adaptadas al clima mediterráneo (alverjón, habas, guisantes y alholva) y cereales de invierno (centeno, trigo, cebada y triticale). Los impactos ambientales de las dietas (por unidad de pienso compuesto producido) en cuanto a demanda de fósforo, uso de energía no renovable, eutrofización, acidificación, cambio climático y ocupación de tierra, evaluados mediante el análisis de ciclo de vida de la base de datos francesa ECOALIM (2016), resultan mayores en lechones y menores en cerdas gestantes, y notablemente superiores si se formula según FEDNA vs. ITAB. En la valoración económica de las dietas (compra frente a autoproducción), resultaría más rentable un modelo de negocio con integración agropecuaria.

[EN] This paper proposes an interpolation model for monthly rainfall in large areas of complex orography. It has been implemented in the Iberian Peninsula (continental territories of Spain and Portugal), Balearic and Canary Islands covering a territory of almost 600.000km(2). To do this a data set that comprises a total number of 11,822 monthly precipitation series has been created (11,042 provided by the Spanish Meteorological Agency and 780 provided by the National Water Resources Information System of the Portuguese Water Institute). The data set covers the period from October 1940 until September 2005. The interpolation model has been based on the assumption of two different components on monthly precipitation. The first component reflects local and seasonal characteristics and 24 different mean monthly precipitation maps (12) and SDs maps (12) compose it. It considers the varying influence of physiographic variables such as altitude and orientation. The second precipitation component reflects the synoptic pattern that dominated each month of the series and it is composed by series of anomalies of monthly precipitation (780). Anomalies have been interpolated by means of ordinary kriging once local spatial continuity was assumed. Gridded maps of each variable have been developed at 200m resolution following a hybrid methodology that implements two different interpolation techniques. The first technique applies a regression analysis to derive maps depending on altitude and orientation; the second one is a weighting technique to consider the non-linearity of the precipitation/altitude dependence. Cross validation has been applied to estimate the goodness of both techniques. Results show an average annual precipitation of 655mm/year. Although this figure is only 4% less than the estimate of MAGRAMA (2004), regional and local differences are highlighted when the spatial distribution is considered. The model constitutes a comprehensive implementation considering the a

Sheep farming systems in Spain are experiencing an intensification process, characterised by a general selection criteria of enhancing prolificacy in ewes, and by increasing indoor feeding with concentrates to the detriment of grazing. This study evaluated the effects of concentrate supplementation and prolificacy on productive and economic performance of a local sheep breed in different price scenarios. Ewes were fed forage hay ad libitum, without (in prepartum period, PRE-HAY; and in post-partum period, POST-HAY) or with concentrates (300 g d–1 in pre-partum period, PRE-CON; and 750 g d–1 in post-partum period, POST-CON). The inclusion of concentrate during the pre-partum period (last 10 weeks of pregnancy) had no effect on the productive performance of the ewes. In contrast, the inclusion of concentrate in the post-partum period (6 weeks), resulted in greater milk yield (1009 vs. 1275 ± 89 g d–1), lamb average daily gain (151 ± 12 vs. 225 ± 19 g d–1) and lamb output (kg of lamb LW weaned). However, the greater productivity thanks to the use of concentrates did not always turn into greatest profitability, since the economic margin was highly influenced by the cost of the diet and extremely subjected to variability in price of concentrates. Hence, the inclusion of concentrates in sheep meat production was not always justified in economic terms. In conclusion, the use of concentrates should only be considered as long as prices of commodities remain low, and inadvisable when prices reach a certain threshold or are subject to certain volatility in markets.

[EN] Swine production has increased steadily throughout the last decades in the European Union (EU). In Spain, swine census grew 58% between 1990 and 2009, being second-ranked within the EU-27, after Germany. This situation has led to major benefits for the efficiency in the production process but can also have drawbacks, as potential environmental impact of areas with high animal density. Management factors related with animal feeding (chemical composition, number of feeding phases, feeder type), drinker type and length of slurry pit storage affect pig excreta composition. In addition, the mitigation of gas pollutants (ammonia and greenhouse gases as methane and nitrous oxide) derived from pig facilities (animal pens and pits below them) and mainly from outdoor lagoons must be considered in the near future. Some strategies to manage the excreta quality may include dietary manipulation, rainwater reutilization systems, the application of additives to the slurry pit, and some other slurry treatments. This review highlighted the importance of water and feed devices on determining the excreta composition of fattening pigs. Management factors related with animal facilities and length of slurry pit storage affect gaseous emissions from pig slurry., [PT] A produção de suínos tem aumentado ao longo das últimas décadas na União Europeia (UE). Na Espanha, o censo cresceu 58% entre 1990 e 2009, sendo o segundo classificado na UE-27, depois da Alemanha. Esta situação tem gerado grandes benefícios para a eficiência no processo de produção, mas também pode ter desvantagens, como o impacto ambiental de áreas com alta densidade animal. Gestão de fatores relacionados com a alimentação animal (composição química, número de fases de alimentação, tipo de alimentação), o tipo de bebedouro e tempo de armazenamento de chorume a céu aberto afeta a composição de excrementos de suínos. Além disso, a mitigação de gases poluentes (amônia e gases de efeito estufa como o metano e o óxido nitroso) provenientes de instalações de suínos (currais e poços abaixo deles), principalmente entre as lagoas ao ar livre, deve ser considerada no futuro próximo. Algumas estratégias para gerir a qualidade de excretas podem incluir a manipulação da dieta, os sistemas de reaproveitamento da água da chuva, a aplicação de aditivos para o poço de chorume e alguns tratamentos de chorume. Esta revisão destacou a importância dos dispositivos de água e dos alimentos sobre a determinação da composição de dejetos de suínos de engorda. Fatores de gestão relacionados a instalações e período de armazenamento de chorume a céu influem nas emissões gasosas provenientes dos dejetos.

En el marco de un proyecto de recuperación de la raza Serrana de Teruel, se estudió la calidad de la canal de las categorías comerciales de ternero, añojo y cebón (los últimos castrados con 9 meses), con edades a sacrificio de 12, 22 y 22 meses, y pesos vivos de 470, 720 y 660 kg, respectivamente. Veinte terneros se sometieron a cebo convencional con paja y concentrado a voluntad, desde los 4 meses hasta el sacrificio, excepto entre los 15 y 20 meses, en que añojos y cebones recibieron ensilado de cebada a volun- tad y 3 kg concentrado/animal/día. El primer año de vida, la ganancia de peso de los terneros fue de 1,5 kg/día; el segundo año, fue superior en añojos que en cebones (1,1 vs. 0,9 kg/día), como conse- cuencia de la castración. Las canales de los animales enteros presentaron mayor rendimiento y conformación, y menor engrasamiento que las de los cebones ya que la castración favoreció la deposición de grasa intramuscular. Según los resultados, la raza se encuadró entre las rústicas bovinas españolas. Se abren alternativas de pro- ducción como el cebón, susceptibles de acogerse a distintivos de calidad diferenciada, que deberían suponer un incentivo para la explotación de la Serrana de Teruel frente a otras razas, lo que garantizaría su conservación a largo plazo., The carcass quality from three commercial categories (yearling, bull and steer castrated at 9 months old) was studied within the framework of a recovery programme in the Serrana de Teruel breed. Ages at slaughter were 12, 22 and 22 months, and live-weights were 470, 720 and 660 kg, in yearling, bull and steer, respectively. Twenty calves were managed under a conventional feeding programme of ad libitum concentrate and straw from 4 months old to slaughter, except between 15 and 20 months old, in which bulls and steers received ad libitum barley silage as forage supplemented with 3 kg of concentrate/head/day. The gain during the first year of age was 1.5 kg/ day, whereas during the second year it was greater in bulls than in steers (1.1 vs. 0.9 kg/day), as a consequence of castration. Bull carcasses had greater dressing percentages and conformation scores and lower fatness degree than steers, confirming a castration-induced intramuscular fat deposition. Considering these results, Serrana de Teruel breed falls within the group of local Spanish bovine breeds. These studies should provide the conditions for a labelled beef product that allows the farmer's survival and the assurance of Serrana de Teruel breed conservation for a long term.

Two experiments were conducted to study the body composition of mature females from two breeds of suckler cattle (Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica) with different origin and purpose. In Exp. 1, body condition score (BCS) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) were measured in 64 cows in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (Parda de Montaña vs. Pirenaica breed and dry vs. lactating cows). SFT was similar across genotypes (P>0.05) but physiological stage affected this trait (P0.05). Carcass weights (hot and cold) and dressing percentages (slaughter and commercial) as well as the weight of some metabolically active organs (liver, spleen and kidney) and hide were similar across breeds (P>0.05). The previous traits revealed no differences in the body composition of Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica cattle breeds, highlighting the parallel trajectory of selection for meat production in both genotypes over the last years.