491 results on '"*RHACOPHORIDAE"'
Search Results
2. Zhangixalus thaoae sp. nov., a new green treefrog species from Vietnam (Anura, Rhacophoridae).
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Nguyen, Tao Thien, Nguyen, Huy Hoang, Ninh, Hoa Thi, Le, Linh Tu Hoang, Bui, Hai Tuan, Orlov, Nikolai, Hoang, Chung Van, and Ziegler, Thomas
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,TOES ,ANURA ,NUMBERS of species ,MOUNTAIN forests ,SPECIES - Abstract
We describe a new treefrog species from Lao Cai Province, northwestern Vietnam. The new species is assigned to the genus Zhangixalus based on a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) dorsum green, smooth; body size medium (SVL 30.1–32.2 in males); (2) fingers webbed; tips of digits expanded into large disks, bearing circum-marginal grooves; (3) absence of dermal folds along limbs; (4) absence of supracloacal fold and tarsal projection. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by: (1) dorsal surface of the head and body green without spots; (2) axilla and groin cream with a black blotch; (3) ventral cream without spot; (4) chin creamy with grey marbling; anterior part of the thigh and ventral surface of tibia orange without spots; posterior parts of thigh orange with a large black blotch; (5) ventral side of webbing orange with some grey pattern (6) iris red-bronze, pupils black; (7) finger webbing formula I1¼-1¼II1-2III1-1IV, toe webbing formula I½-½II0-1½III¼-1¾IV1¾-½V. Phylogenetically, the new species is nested in the same subclade as Z. jodiae, Z. pinglongensis, and Z. yaoshanensis, with genetic distances ranging from 3.23% to 4.68%. The new species can be found in evergreen montane tropical forests at an elevation of about 1,883 m a.s.l. This new discovery brings the number of known genus Zhangixalus species to 42 and the number of species reported from Vietnam to 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. A new species of Raorchestes (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Yunnan Province, China.
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Lingyun Du, Yuhan Xu, Shuo Liu, and Guohua Yu
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,SPECIES ,NUMBERS of species ,SPECIES diversity ,GRYLLUS - Abstract
A new bush frog species is described from Yunnan, China, based on phylogenetic analyses, species delimitation analyses, and morphological comparisons. Raorchestes hekouensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners by a combination of 11 morphological characters. The new species brings the current number of Raorchestes species in China to ten, nine of which are distributed in Yunnan. Molecular analyses supported an unnamed lineage previously recorded as “Raorchestes gryllus” in northern Vietnam. Further studies including additional samples are necessary to clarify the species diversity and boundaries of Raorchestes in China and Indochina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. At home in Jiangsu: Environmental niche modeling and new records for five species of amphibian and reptile in Jiangsu, China.
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Kohler, Dallin B., Zhang, Xiaoli, Messenger, Kevin R., Chin Yu An, Kenneth, Ghosh, Deyatima, Othman, Siti N., Wang, Zhenqi, Amin, Hina, Prasad, Vishal Kumar, Wu, Zhichao, and Borzée, Amaël
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AMPHIBIANS ,PELOPHYLAX nigromaculatus ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,VIPERIDAE ,CORAL snakes - Abstract
Environmental niche models are useful tools for generating hypotheses for the distribution of species and informing conservation planning, especially at the edge of species' ranges and for those with limited data. Here we report on the recent documentation of four species of amphibian (Hylarana latouchii, Odorrana tianmuii, Polypedates braueri, and Zhangixalus dennysi) and one reptile (Protobothrops mucrosquamatus) with few or no previous geolocated records from Jiangsu, China. We combined our opportunistic field sampling data from Jiangsu, which is at the edge of each of these species' ranges, with publicly available occurrence records and climatic data to generate environmental niche models for these five species using Maxent. All models showed good model performance with AUC values ranging from 0.899 to 0.983. Additional potentially suitable areas within southern Jiangsu were predicted for the four amphibian species, although the significant anthropogenic habitat modifications in the province may limit their contemporary distributions. For all five species, the climatic variable that contributed most to the model was the precipitation of the driest month (Bio 14), indicating they are limited by moisture availability. Our study adds new information about the climatic preferences of these five species and highlights the value of complementing environmental niche modeling with field surveys for robust inferences and conservation planning, particularly at the edge of species' ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Integrated phylogenetic analyses reveal the evolutionary, biogeographic, and diversification history of Asian warty treefrog genus Theloderma (Anura, Rhacophoridae).
- Author
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Luo, Tao, Zhao, Xin‐Rui, Lan, Chang‐Ting, Li, Wei, Deng, Huai‐Qing, Xiao, Ning, and Zhou, Jiang
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,HYLIDAE ,ASIAN history ,ANURA ,MOUNTAIN ecology ,SPECIES diversity ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,BIOGEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Asian warty treefrogs, genus Theloderma, are morphologically variable arboreal frogs endemic to Southeast Asia and Southern China. However, integrated systematic studies are lacking, and knowledge of the genus in terms of diversity, origin, and historical diversification remains limited. To address these knowledge gaps, we used three mitochondrial and five nuclear gene fragments to reconstruct the Theloderma phylogeny, estimate divergence times, and examine the biogeography of the genus. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses suggest that the genus Theloderma comprises three major clades corresponding to two subgenera and seven species groups, and mPTP identified at least 12 putative cryptic species, suggesting that species diversity has been underestimated. Biogeographic analyses indicated that most recent common ancestor of Theloderma originated in the Indochina Peninsula during the Middle Oligocene (ca. 27.77 Ma) and the splitting of Clade A to C occurred in the Late Oligocene (ca. 23.55–25.57 Ma). Current biogeographic patterns result from two distinct processes: in situ diversification in the Indochina Peninsula and dispersal in multiple areas, namely southward dispersal to the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, northeastward dispersal to Southern China, northward dispersal to the Himalayas, and dispersal from Southern China to the Indochina Peninsula. Ancestral character reconstruction suggests that the ancestor of Theloderma may have possessed a small body size, rough dorsal skin, and absence of vomerine teeth and hand webbing, and that these four characters have undergone multiple evolutions. Principal component analysis based on eight bioclimatic variables did not clearly distinguish the three major clades of Theloderma, suggesting that species in these clades may occupy similar climatic ecological niches. Our research highlights the importance of orogeny and paleoclimatic changes, in shaping amphibian biodiversity in mountain ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Taxonomic revision of genus Rohanixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in China with description of one new species.
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,LIFE sciences ,ANURA ,TOES ,SPECIES ,NATURAL history - Published
- 2023
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7. Biogeographic Origin of Kurixalus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) on the East Asian Islands and Tempo of Diversification within Kurixalus.
- Author
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Mo, Qiumei, Sun, Tao, Chen, Hui, Yu, Guohua, and Du, Lina
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,COLONIZATION (Ecology) ,JUMP processes ,ANURA ,VICARIANCE ,ISLANDS - Abstract
Simple Summary: At present, there are two hypotheses about the biogeographic origin of Kurixalus on the East Asian islands. We reconstructed the ancestral distribution of Kurixalus, based on complete sampling and accurate selection of biogeographical analysis models. The results showed that Kurixalus on the East Asian islands have originated from the Asian mainland through two long-distance colonization events (jump dispersal). In addition, the analyses of the tempo of diversification revealed that the diversification rate of Kurixalus showed a slight decreasing trend. The relevant results will help us to comprehensively and accurately understand the geographical origin of Kurixalus and improve our understanding of the origin history of the flora and fauna of Taiwan Island. The ancestral area of Kurixalus on the East Asian islands is under dispute, and two hypotheses exist, namely that distribution occurred only on the Asian mainland (scenario of dispersal) and that wide distribution occurred on both the Asian mainland and the East Asian islands (scenario of vicariance). In this study, we conducted biogeographic analyses and estimated the lineage divergence times based on the most complete sampling of species, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding on the origin of Kurixalus on the East Asian islands. Our results revealed that the process of jump dispersal (founder-event speciation) is the crucial process, resulting in the distribution of Kurixalus on the East Asian islands, and supported the model of the Asian mainland origin: that Kurixalus on the East Asian islands originated from the Asian mainland through two long-distance colonization events (jump dispersal), via the model of vicariance of a widespread ancestor on both the Asian mainland and the East Asian islands. Our results indicated that choices of historical biogeography models can have large impacts on biogeographic inference, and the procedure of model selection is very important in biogeographic analysis. The diversification rate of Kurixaus has slightly decreased over time, although the constant-rate model cannot be rejected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. A new species of Gracixalus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from northwestern Vietnam.
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Tung Thanh Tran, Anh Van Pham, Minh Duc Le, Nam Hai Nguyen, Thomas Ziegler, and Cuong The Pham
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,TOES ,FINGERS ,HYLIDAE ,SPECIES ,MIDDLE ear - Abstract
A new species of small tree frog is described from northwestern Vietnam based on morphological differences and molecular divergence. Gracixalus truongi sp. nov. is distinguishable from its congeners and other small rhacophorid species on the basis of a combination of the following characters: size relatively small, SVL 32.2-33.1 mm in males, 37.6-39.3 mm in females; head slightly wider than long; vomerine teeth absent; snout round and long RL/SVL 0.17-0.19 in males, 0.16-0.17 in females; spines on upper eyelid absent; supratympanic fold distinct; tympanum distinct; dorsal skin smooth; throat smooth and venter granular; tibiotarsal projection absent; webbing of fingers rudimentary, toes with moderately developed webbing; dorsum moss-green, with an inverse Y-shaped dark green marking extended from interorbital region to posterior region of dorsum; external vocal sac absent in males; males with a nuptial pad on finger I. In the molecular analyses, the new species has no clear sister taxon and is at least 4.5% divergent from other congeners based on a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. Mountain jade: A new high-elevation microendemic species of the genus Zhangixalus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Laos.
- Author
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Brakels, Peter, Tan Van Nguyen, Pawangkhanant, Parinya, Idiiatullina, Sabira S., Lorphengsy, Sengvilay, Suwannapoom, Chatmongkon, and Poyarkov, Nikolay A.
- Subjects
AMPHIBIANS ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,THUMB ,BIOLOGICAL classification ,LIFE sciences ,TOES - Abstract
The article describes a new species of amphibian, Zhangixalus melanoleucus sp. nov., discovered in Laos using an integrative taxonomic approach that included morphological, molecular, and bioacoustic lines of evidence. Topics include detailed description of the diagnostic characteristics of new species and discusses its genetic relationships to other members of the genus; and endemism of the new species with further research to better understand the diversity of genus Zhangixalus in Laos.
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- 2023
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10. A new species of Bush frog (Anura, Rhacophoridae, Raorchestes) from southeastern Yunnan, China.
- Author
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Junkai Huang, Xiao Long Liu, Lingyun Du, Bernstein, Justin M., Shuo Liu, Yun Yang, Guohua Yu, and Zhengjun Wu
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,FROGS ,SPECIES ,AMPHIBIANS ,RIBOSOMAL RNA - Abstract
In this study, based on morphological and molecular data, a new bush frog species is described from Yunnan, China. Eleven samples of Raorchestes malipoensis sp. nov. were collected from Malipo County, southeastern Yunnan. This species can be distinguished from other congeners by a combination of 13 morphological characters. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene indicate that these individuals form a monophyletic group, and genetic divergence between this clade and its closest relatives is higher than 3.1%, which is comparable to the divergence between recognized Raorchestes species. The discovery of this new species suggests that additional extensive surveys in the southeastern Yunnan would yield more amphibian lineages yet unknown to science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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11. Identification and taxonomic status of a Sumatran population of Norhayati's gliding frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae).
- Author
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Fajri, Muhammad Ichsan, Djong Hon Tjong, and Hamidy, Amir
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,BAYESIAN analysis ,BAYESIAN field theory ,FROGS ,HERPETOFAUNA ,HOMONYMS ,ANURA - Abstract
Recent studies of Rhacophorus reinwardtii in Southeast Asia split this species into five different species: R. norhayatiae, R. borneensis, R. kio, R. helenae, and R. reinwardtii. Meanwhile, the Sumatran Rhacophorus reinwardtii var. lateralis could not be ascribed to either R. norhayatiae or R. reinwardtii due to the poor condition of the specimen. Therefore, it was considered conspecific with R. norhayatiae. To identify the population of Norhayati's Gliding Frog in Sumatra, we collected a specimen of R. cf. norhayatiae and three R. cf. reinwardtii and performed phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene using Maximum Likelihood Analysis and Bayesian Inference. The results show that the specimen of Rhacophorus cf. norhayatiae from Sumatra is grouped with R. norhayatiae from Peninsular Malaysia and the Sumatran specimens of Rhacophorus cf. reinwardtii grouped with Javan R. reinwardtii. Based on morphology, we found that the Sumatran specimen of R. norhayatiae possessed the diagnostic features of R. reinwardtii var. lateralis. However, considering the presence of the senior homonym Rhacophorus lateralis Boulenger 1883, R. reinwardtii var. lateralis is here treated as a junior synonym of R. norhayatiae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Comparative study of the larval development of four anuran species from the Khorat Plateau, Thailand.
- Author
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Köhler, Gunther and Thammachoti, Panupong
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DUTTAPHRYNUS melanostictus ,SPECIES ,BUFONIDAE ,TADPOLES ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
We describe and photographically document the larval development from egg to metamorph in four species of anurans from northeastern Thailand: Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Bufonidae), Occidozyga lima (Dicroglossidae), Kaloula pulchra (Microhylidae), and Polypedates megacephalus (Rhacophoridae). Changes in snout-vent length, total length, and in relative tail length (ratio tail length/snout-vent length) are reported for each developmental stage. We also provide diagrams illustrating the temporal pattern of development in these species except for O. lima. Furthermore, a detailed description of the tadpole in stage 36 is provided for each of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Complete Mitogenomes of Polypedates Tree Frogs Unveil Gene Rearrangement and Concerted Evolution within Rhacophoridae.
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Cui, Lin, Huang, An, He, Zhi, Ao, Lisha, Ge, Fei, Fan, Xiaolan, Zeng, Bo, Yang, Mingyao, Yang, Deying, Ni, Qingyong, Li, Yan, Yao, Yongfang, Xu, Huailiang, Yang, Jiandong, Wei, Zhimin, Li, Tongqing, Yan, Taiming, and Zhang, Mingwang
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HYLIDAE ,GENE rearrangement ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,TRANSFER RNA ,MOLECULAR evolution ,FROGS ,GENE families ,AMPHIBIANS - Abstract
Simple Summary: Duplicated control regions have been reported several times in the tree frog family Rhacophoridae, and previous studies have mostly relied on sequence analysis to reconstruct their evolution. This is the first study to employ a phylogenetic method to demonstrate the existence of concerted and parallel evolution succinctly and intuitively in the duplicated control regions of the family Rhacophoridae. Phylogenetic relationships were also used to illustrate the parallel evolution of ATP8 loss of function in the genus Polypedates. In general, this study elucidated the evolutionary patterns and pathways of mitochondrial gene rearrangement of the family Rhacophoridae from a phylogenetic perspective, which aids in understanding the evolutionary history of this fascinating tree frog taxon from a molecular evolution standpoint. New developments in sequencing technology and nucleotide analysis have allowed us to make great advances in reconstructing anuran phylogeny. As a clade of representative amphibians that have radiated from aquatic to arboreal habitats, our understanding of the systematic status and molecular biology of rhacophorid tree frogs is still limited. We determined two new mitogenomes for the genus Polypedates (Rhacophoridae): P. impresus and P. mutus. We conducted comparative and phylogenetic analyses using our data and seven other rhacophorid mitogenomes. The mitogenomes of the genera Polypedates, Buergeria, and Zhangixalus were almost identical, except that the ATP8 gene in Polypedates had become a non-coding region; Buergeria maintained the legacy "LTPF" tRNA gene cluster compared to the novel "TLPF" order in the other two genera; and B. buergeri and Z. dennysi had no control region (CR) duplication. The resulting phylogenetic relationship supporting the above gene rearrangement pathway suggested parallel evolution of ATP8 gene loss of function (LoF) in Polypedates and CR duplication with concerted evolution of paralogous CRs in rhacophorids. Finally, conflicting topologies in the phylograms of 185 species reflected the advantages of phylogenetic analyses using multiple loci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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14. The mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Rhacophorus rhodopus.
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Chen, Wei, Qin, Haifen, Zhao, Zhenkun, Liao, Jiahong, Chen, Hongzhou, Jiang, Lichun, and Dayananda, Buddhi
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MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ,STOP codons ,WHOLE genome sequencing ,GENOMES ,TRANSFER RNA ,RHACOPHORIDAE - Abstract
Classification of the genus Rhacophorus has been problematic. In particular there has been considerable controversy surrounding the phylogenetic relationships among Rhacophorus rhodopus, R. bipunctatus, and R. reinwardtii. To examine the relationship among these Rhacophorus species, we assembled the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of R. rhodopus. The R. rhodopus genome is 15,789 bp in length with 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (losing ND5), two ribosomal genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). Base composition of the overall sequence was 60.86% for A + T content and 39.14% for C + G content. Most of the PCGs used ATG as a start codon, except for the COX I gene, which used the ATA start codon. COX I and ND6 used AGG and ATP8 stop codons respectively, while ND3 and ND4L used the TAA stop codon. For the remaining seven genes, the stop codons was incomplete. In addition, both 5' and 3' of the control areas had distinct repeating regions. Based on three datasets and two methods (Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML)), we reconstructed three phylogenetic trees to explore the taxonomic status of the species and the phylogenetic relationship among R. rhodopus, R. bipunctatus and R. reinwardtii. Our results indicated that these three species are non-monophyletic; thus, the phylogenetic relationship among them is complex and difficult to determine. Further, R. rhodopus is divided into three lineages from different parts of China. The two Rhacophorus samples showed very close phylogenetic relationship with R. rhodopus. Our results add to the mitochondrial genome database of amphibians and will help to disentangle the phylogenetic relationships within the Rhacophoridae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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15. A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Guangxi, China.
- Author
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Jing Li, Shuo Liu, Guohua Yu, and Tao Sun
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,SPECIES ,INSECT anatomy ,MIDDLE ear ,RIBOSOMAL RNA ,FISH morphology - Abstract
Based on morphological and molecular evidence of five male adult specimens collected from Napo County, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, we describe a new species of Rhacophorus, Rhacophorus napoensis sp. nov. This new species is similar to Rhacophorus rhodopus Liu & Hu, 1959 and Rhacophorus bipunctatus Ahl, 1927 in morphology, but it can be distinguished from the latter two by the following morphological characteristics: head width is greater than head length, snout pointed, loreal region oblique, tympanum distinct, maxillary teeth distinct, tongue cordiform, external single subgular vocal sac, tibiotarsal articulation reaches the snout, tibia length is greater than foot length and slightly greater than half of snout-vent length, and single outer metatarsal tubercle is flat. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on 16S rRNA sequence shows that all individuals of this species clustered into the same clade, and genetically this new species differs from R. rhodopus and R. bipunctatus by 7.71% and 7.98% in 16S rRNA sequences, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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16. Description of a new Kurixalus species (Rhacophoridae, Anura) and a northwards range extension of the genus.
- Author
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Messenger, Kevin R., Othman, Siti N., Ming-Feng Chuang, Yi Yang, and Borzée, Amaël
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,NUCLEAR DNA ,SPECIES distribution ,SPECIES - Abstract
Knowledge of biodiversity before species become extinct is paramount to conservation, especially when the relevant species are far from their expected distribution and, thus, likely overlooked. Here, we describe a new Kurixalus species corresponding to a range extension of Kurixalus on the Asian mainland, with the closest population in Taiwan. The species diverged from its closest relative during the Late Pliocene to Pleistocene, ca. 3.06 Mya (HPD 95%: 5.82-0.01), based on calibrations with a relaxed clock species tree of unlinked mtDNA 12S rRNA and nuclear DNA TYR. The status of the newly-described species is also supported by a divergence in call properties and morphometrics. We named the species described here as Kurixalus inexpectatus sp. nov. due to the nature of the discovery, as well as the adjunct distribution of the species relative to its closest congeners. The species was found in Zhejiang Province and it represents a range extension of 663 km for the Kurixalus genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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17. A new cryptic species in the Theloderma rhododiscus complex (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from China--Vietnam border regions.
- Author
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Lingyun Du, Jian Wang, Shuo Liu, and Guohua Yu
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BORDERLANDS ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,SPECIES - Abstract
We describe a new species of Theloderma from southern Yunnan, China and northern Vietnam based on morphological and molecular evidence. Theloderma hekouense sp. nov., which had been recorded as T. rhododiscus, is the sister to T. rhododiscus. The new species differs genetically from T. rhododiscus by 4.2% and 10.7% in 16S rRNA and COI genes, respectively, and it can be morphologically distinguished from T. rhododiscus by having more densely spaced white warts on the dorsal surface, red subarticular tubercles, red metacarpal tubercles, a red metatarsal tubercle, and black dorsal and ventral surfaces in preservative. Currently the new species is only known from the China--Vietnam border regions of Yunnan and Ha Giang, while T. rhododiscus has a wide distributional range in China including Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Jiangxi, and presumably Guizhou and eastern Yunnan. Including the new species, there are currently 10 Theloderma species in China and seven Theloderma species in Yunnan, where more species will probably be found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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18. Correction: Molecular species delimitation of shrub frogs of the genus Pseudophilautus (Anura, Rhacophoridae).
- Author
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Ellepola, Gajaba, Herath, Jayampathi, Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum, Wijayathilaka, Nayana, Senevirathne, Gayani, Pethiyagoda, Rohan, and Meegaskumbura, Madhava
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,FROGS ,SPECIES ,ANURA - Abstract
Notice of RepublicationAn incorrect version of Fig 1 was published in error. This article was republished on June 5, 2024, to correct the error. Please download the article again to view the correct version.By Gajaba Ellepola; Jayampathi Herath; Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi; Nayana Wijayathilaka; Gayani Senevirathne; Rohan Pethiyagoda and Madhava MeegaskumburaReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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19. First record of Theloderma khoii Ninh, Nguyen, Nguyen, Hoang, Siliyavong, Nguyen, Le, Le & Ziegler, 2022 from China, with confirmation of Rhacophorus orlovi Ziegler & Köhler, 2001 in China (Anura, Rhacophoridae).
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Shuo Liu, Mian Hou, Yi Fan, Mingzhong Mo, and Dingqi Rao
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,SPECIES distribution ,PHYLOGENY ,RIBOSOMAL RNA - Abstract
We report the first country record of Theloderma khoii Ninh, Nguyen, Nguyen, Hoang, Siliyavong, Nguyen, Le, Le & Ziegler, 2022 from China based on a specimen collected from Wenshan Prefecture, southeastern Yunnan, China. Morphologically, the specimen from Wenshan Prefecture agrees well with the type specimens of T. khoii from Vietnam except for having a smaller body size, and phylogenetically clustered with the type specimens of T. khoii from Vietnam. In addition, we confirm the distribution of Rhacophorus orlovi Ziegler & Köhler, 2001 in China based on three specimens collected from Honghe Prefecture, southern Yunnan, China. Morphologically, the specimens from Honghe Prefecture agree well with the type specimens of R. orlovi from Vietnam except for having a slightly larger body size in adult females, and phylogenetically clustered with the specimens of R. orlovi from Vietnam (including the type locality of R. orlovi). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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20. The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Rhacophorus dennysi (Anura: Rhacophoridae) with Novel Gene Arrangements and its Phylogenetic Implications.
- Author
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Yongmin Li, Huabin Zhang, Xiaoyou Wu, Dongwei Li, Peng Yan, and Xiaobing Wu
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We determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Rhacophorus dennysi (family Rhacophoridae). The R. dennysi mitogenome (18,052 bp) contained the 37 genes and a single control region (CR) typically found in neobatrachian mtDNAs. In the new mt genome, the ND5 gene and a TLPF tRNA cluster (tRNAThr, tRNALeu(CUN), tRNAPro and tRNAPhe) were located between the CR and the 12S rRNA gene. R. dennysi mitochondrial gene rearrangements observed here could be explained by the Tandem Duplication and Random Loss (TDRL) model. We used twelve mitochondrial protein-coding genes of the newly sequenced and other reported species to assess phylogenetic relationships of Ranoidea. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods supported the sister-group relationship between ((Rhacophoridae + Mantellidae) + Ranidae) and Dicroglossidae. Within Rhacophoridae, two species of the genus Rhacophorus (R. schlegelii and R. dennysi) were clustered together with the representative of the genus Polypedates (P. megacephalus), meanwhile, the representative of the genus Buergeria (B. buergeri) occupied the basal position in the clade of Rhacophoridae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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21. The first record of Medog Gliding Frog Rhacophorus translineatus Wu, 1977 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Chhukha District, Bhutan.
- Author
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Lhendup, Sonam and Koirala, Bal Krishna
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,HYLIDAE ,FROGS ,NATURAL history ,ENDANGERED species - Abstract
Rhacophorus is a genus of tree frogs in the family Rhacophoridae commonly referred to as parachuting or gliding frogs, distinguished by extensive digital webbing. A rare species, Rhacophorus translineatus Wu, 1977, was recorded for the first time in Bhutan. Information on morphological characters, geographical distribution, habitat and natural history notes is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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22. Molecular species delimitation of shrub frogs of the genus Pseudophilautus (Anura, Rhacophoridae).
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Ellepola, Gajaba, Herath, Jayampathi, Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum, Wijayathilaka, Nayana, Senevirathne, Gayani, Pethiyagoda, Rohan, and Meegaskumbura, Madhava
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ANURA ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,VICARIANCE ,FROGS ,RAIN forests ,SPECIES - Abstract
Sri Lanka is an amphibian hotspot of global significance. Its anuran fauna is dominated by the shrub frogs of the genus Pseudophilautus. Except for one small clade of four species in Peninsular India, these cool-wet adapted frogs, numbering some 59 extant species, are distributed mainly across the montane and lowland rain forests of the island. With species described primarily by morphological means, the diversification has never yet been subjected to a molecular species delimitation analysis, a procedure now routinely applied in taxonomy. Here we test the species boundaries of Pseudophilautus in the context of the phylogenetic species concept (PSC). We use all the putative species for which credible molecular data are available (nDNA–Rag-1; mt-DNA– 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA) to build a well resolved phylogeny, which is subjected to species delimitation analyses. The ABGD, bPTP, mPTP and bGMYC species delimitation methods applied to the 16S rRNA frog barcoding gene (for all species), 12S rRNA and Rag-1 nDNA grouped P. procax and P. abundus; P. hallidayi and P. fergusonianus; P. reticulatus and P. pappilosus; P. pleurotaenia and P. hoipolloi; P. hoffmani and P. asankai; P. silvaticus and P. limbus; P. dilmah and P. hankeni; P. fulvus and P. silus.. Surprisingly, all analyses recovered 14 unidentified potential new species as well. The geophylogeny affirms a distribution across the island's aseasonal 'wet zone' and its three principal hill ranges, suggestive of allopatric speciation playing a dominant role, especially between mountain masses. Among the species that are merged by the delimitation analyses, a pattern leading towards a model of parapatric speciation emerges–ongoing speciation in the presence of gene flow. This delimitation analysis reinforces the species hypotheses, paving the way to a reasonable understanding of Sri Lankan Pseudophilautus, enabling both deeper analyses and conservation efforts of this remarkable diversification. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA869B6B-870A-4ED3-BF5D-5AA3F69DDD27. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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23. Hot spring frogs (Buergeria japonica) prefer cooler water to hot water
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Shohei Komaki, Yoichi Sutoh, Kensuke Kobayashi, Shigeru Saito, Claire T. Saito, Takeshi Igawa, and Quintin Lau
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Amphibian ,behavioral observations ,Rhacophoridae ,thermal ecology ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Abstract “Hot spring frog” is an informal name used for the Japanese stream tree frog (Buergeria japonica), which is widely distributed in Taiwan and the Ryukyu Archipelago in Japan. Some populations of the species are known to inhabit hot springs. However, water temperature can be extremely high around the sources of hot springs. Thus, it is questionable whether B. japonica selectively inhabits such dangerous environments. To address this question, we conducted a series of observations of water temperature preferences of a hot spring population of B. japonica in Kuchinoshima Island in Japan: (a) a field observation of tadpole density in water pools of different temperatures, (b) a field observation of water temperatures where adult males appear for breeding, and (c) an indoor observation of water temperatures selected by adult females for oviposition. As a result, tadpoles showed a higher density in cooler water. Adult males avoided water pools hotter than 37°C, and adult females selected cooler pools for oviposition. Camera records also showed that adult individuals tend to appear around cooler pools. Thus, we did not find any support for the hypothesis that hot spring frogs prefer hot water. Conversely, they apparently tended to prefer cooler water if it was available. Water temperatures around the sources of the hot spring exceed thermal tolerances of the species and could be a strong selective pressure on the population. Thus, the ability to sense and avoid lethal temperatures may be a key ecological and physiological characteristic for the species that inhabit hot springs.
- Published
- 2020
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24. Analysis of The Morphological Characteristics of Bush Frog Philautus spp. Gistel, 1848 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Mount Ungaran.
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Rahayuningsih, Margareta, Rahmawati, Winda, and Hamidy, Amir
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,FROGS ,DENTITION ,SPEOTHOS venaticus ,MIDDLE ear - Abstract
Traditionally, the genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 contains small Rhacoporid frogs that lack vomerine teeth and a direct development tadpole stage. In Java, this genus consists of 3 species, including Philautus aurifasciatus, Philautus jacobsoni, and Philautus pallidipes. It is known that Philautus aurifasciatus and Philautus jacobsoni are sympatric species from Mount Ungaran and are morphologically difficult to distinguish. Therefore, information is needed through the phenetic characters of each population in the area to identify differences in their morphology. This study aimed to analyze the morphological characteristics of Bush Frog Philautus spp. on Mount Ungaran in terms of meristic character through a direct field survey and comparison methods. Furthermore, it was conducted by observing 32 specimens of Philautus spp. from Mount Ungaran and compared with the Philautus aurifasciatus from Mount Gede Pangrango with 18 meristic characters. The results showed that Philautus spp. is similar to Philautus aurifasciatus in terms of their meristic characters. The results of the meristic analysis showed that Philautus spp. has a variety of dorsal colors from brown, purple, green, and gray with two types of patterns including patterned groups (resembling letters H, X, and V) and abstract. Furthermore, the throat, stomach, and lower thighs are granular with three snout shapes (protruding, round, and sloping). It has a loreal oblique tympanum and canthus rostralis. The forelimbs are not webbed while the hindlimbs are half webbed, and the inner metatarsal is an elongated oval in shape. Meristic analysis provides a basis for strengthening the taxonomic status of Philautus spp on Mount Ungaran, as well as information the distribution in Mount Ungaran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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25. Rediscovery of pearly tree frog, Nyctixalus margaritifer Boulenger, 1882 (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae) from Mt. Wilis after 135 years.
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PRIAMBODO, Bagus, FIRMANSYAH, Richo, PRANATA, Dicky Candra, ANINNAS, Afina Nur, SUSANTO, Muhamad Azmi Dwi, AJI, Fajar Dwi Nur, WIDODO, Tri Wahyu, GUNAWAN, Gunawan, PERMANA, Danafia, ADIBA, Faisal Yanuar, RISTANTO, Yuri, ERFANDA, Muhamad Prayogi, and KADAFI, Ahmad Muammar
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HYLIDAE ,AMPHIBIANS ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,HABITAT selection ,NATURE reserves - Abstract
For more than a century, pearly tree frog from its type locality (East Indies; Java; Mt. Wilis) are undiscovered. Current studies about the distribution of Nyctixalus margaritifer are reported as known only from West Java and Central Java. In this paper, we collected one individual of pearly tree frog, N. margaritifer in the Western part of Mt. Wilis, which belongs to Gunung Sigogor Nature Reserve, Ponorogo, East Java. This is the third specimen, which is discovered from the Mt. Wilis after the lost holotype in 1882 and the neotype in 1885. Poorly known on its ecology and its habitat preferences makes this frog difficult to find. Here, we provide the specimen description with comparison to former studies based on morphological characters only, its ecology, and its habitat preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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26. Complete Mitogenomes of Polypedates Tree Frogs Unveil Gene Rearrangement and Concerted Evolution within Rhacophoridae
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Lin Cui, An Huang, Zhi He, Lisha Ao, Fei Ge, Xiaolan Fan, Bo Zeng, Mingyao Yang, Deying Yang, Qingyong Ni, Yan Li, Yongfang Yao, Huailiang Xu, Jiandong Yang, Zhimin Wei, Tongqing Li, Taiming Yan, and Mingwang Zhang
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mitogenome ,gene rearrangement ,phylogenetic analysis ,Rhacophoridae ,Polypedates ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
New developments in sequencing technology and nucleotide analysis have allowed us to make great advances in reconstructing anuran phylogeny. As a clade of representative amphibians that have radiated from aquatic to arboreal habitats, our understanding of the systematic status and molecular biology of rhacophorid tree frogs is still limited. We determined two new mitogenomes for the genus Polypedates (Rhacophoridae): P. impresus and P. mutus. We conducted comparative and phylogenetic analyses using our data and seven other rhacophorid mitogenomes. The mitogenomes of the genera Polypedates, Buergeria, and Zhangixalus were almost identical, except that the ATP8 gene in Polypedates had become a non-coding region; Buergeria maintained the legacy “LTPF” tRNA gene cluster compared to the novel “TLPF” order in the other two genera; and B. buergeri and Z. dennysi had no control region (CR) duplication. The resulting phylogenetic relationship supporting the above gene rearrangement pathway suggested parallel evolution of ATP8 gene loss of function (LoF) in Polypedates and CR duplication with concerted evolution of paralogous CRs in rhacophorids. Finally, conflicting topologies in the phylograms of 185 species reflected the advantages of phylogenetic analyses using multiple loci.
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- 2022
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27. The advertisement calls of Theloderma corticale (Boulenger, 1903), T. albopunctatum (Liu & Hu, 1962) and T. licin McLeod & Ahmad, 2007 (Anura: Rhacophoridae).
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GINAL, Philipp, MÜHLENBEIN, Laura-Elisabeth, and RÖDDER, Dennis
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ANURA ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,SPECIES specificity ,BIOACOUSTICS ,LIFE history theory ,FROGS - Abstract
Based on the species specificity of anuran vocalization, bioacoustics can be utilized in terms of species identification and species delimitation. The genus Theloderma comprises 23 to 29 species, depending on inclusion of the (sub)genera Nyctixalus and Stelladerma, from which the majority of 14 species was described in this century. In spite of numerous publications about species descriptions and phylogenetics, studies about life history traits, particularly about advertisement calls, are lacking for the most species. In this study, acoustic signals of the mossy or bug-eyed frogs Theloderma corticale, T. albopunctatum and T. licin were recorded, and detailed temporal and spectral advertisement call properties are presented and compared to other congenerics (T. auratum, T. stellatum, T. vietnamense). We found that the advertisement calls of the six herein compared species are species-specific and are significantly distinguishable from each other. While the temporal features (i.e. arrangement in call groups, note repetition rate) are species-specific call properties, the spectral features (i.e. dominant frequency) can partially overlap among the small-sized species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
28. Description of a new species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Ascaridomorpha: Cosmocercidae) using an integrative approach and preliminary phylogenetic study of Cosmocercidae and related taxa.
- Author
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Chen, Hui-Xia, Gu, Xiao-Hong, Ni, Xue-Feng, and Li, Liang
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RIBOSOMAL DNA ,CYTOCHROME oxidase ,SPECIES ,MOLECULAR phylogeny ,NEMATODES ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,ALIMENTARY canal ,RHACOPHORIDAE - Abstract
Background: Nematodes of the family Cosmocercidae (Ascaridomorpha: Cosmocercoidea) are mainly parasitic in the digestive tract of various amphibians and reptiles worldwide. However, our knowledge of the molecular phylogeny of the Cosmocercidae is still far from comprehensive. The phylogenetic relationships between Cosmocercidae and the other two families, Atractidae and Kathlaniidae, in the superfamily Cosmocercoidea are still under debate. Moreover, the systematic position of some genera within Cosmocercidae remains unclear. Methods: Nematodes collected from Polypedates megacephalus (Hallowell) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) were identified using morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular methods [sequencing the small ribosomal DNA (18S), internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1), large ribosomal DNA (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) target regions]. Phylogenetic analyses of cosmocercoid nematodes using 18S + 28S sequence data were performed to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the Cosmocercidae, Atractidae and Kathlaniidae in the Cosmocercoidea and the systematic position of the genus Aplectana in Cosmocercidae. Results: Morphological and genetic evidence supported the hypothesis that the nematode specimens collected from P. megacephalus represent a new species of Aplectana (Cosmocercoidea: Cosmocercidae). Our phylogenetic results revealed that the Cosmocercidae is a monophyletic group, but not the basal group in Cosmocercoidea as in the traditional classification. The Kathlaniidae is a paraphyletic group because the subfamily Cruziinae within Kathlaniidae (including only the genus Cruzia) formed a seperate lineage. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that the genus Aplectana has a closer relationship to the genus Cosmocerca in Cosmocercidae. Conclusions: Our phylogenetic results suggested that the subfamily Cruziinae should be moved from the hitherto-defined family Kathlaniidae and elevated as a separate family, and the genus Cosmocerca is closely related to the genus Aplectana in the family Cosmocercidae. The present study provided a basic molecular phylogenetic framework for the superfamily Cosmocercoidea based on 18S + 28S sequence data for the first time to our knowledge. Moreover, a new species, A. xishuangbannaensis n. sp., was described using integrative approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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29. An integrative approach to infer systematic relationships and define species groups in the shrub frog genus Raorchestes, with description of five new species from the Western Ghats, India.
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Garg, Sonali, Suyesh, Robin, Das, Sandeep, Bee, Mark A., and Biju, S. D.
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FROGS ,SPECIES ,HYLIDAE ,BIOLOGICAL classification ,SHRUBS - Abstract
The genus Raorchestes is a large radiation of Old World tree frogs for which the Western Ghats in Peninsular India is the major center for origin and diversification. Extensive studies on this group during the past two decades have resolved long-standing taxonomic confusions and uncovered several new species, resulting in a four-fold increase in the number of known Raorchestes frogs from this region. Our ongoing research has revealed another five new species in the genus, formally described as Raorchestes drutaahu sp. nov., Raorchestes kakkayamensis sp. nov., Raorchestes keirasabinae sp. nov., Raorchestes sanjappai sp. nov., and Raorchestes vellikkannan sp. nov., all from the State of Kerala in southern Western Ghats. Based on new collections, we also provide insights on the taxonomic identity of three previously known taxa. Furthermore, since attempts for an up-to-date comprehensive study of this taxonomically challenging genus using multiple integrative taxonomic approaches have been lacking, here we review the systematic affinities of all known Raorchestes species and define 16 species groups based on evidence from multi-gene (2,327 bp) phylogenetic analyses, several morphological characters (including eye colouration and pattern), and acoustic parameters (temporal and spectral properties, as well as calling height). The results of our study present novel insights to facilitate a better working taxonomy for this rather speciose and morphologically conserved radiation of shrub frogs. This will further enable proper field identification, provide momentum for multi-disciplinary studies, as well as assist conservation of one of the most colourful and acoustically diverse frog groups of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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30. A new species of Kurixalus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Guizhou, China.
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Juan Zeng, Ji-Shan Wang, Guo-Hua Yu, and Li-Na Du
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,HYLIDAE - Published
- 2021
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31. A new species of Chirixalus Boulenger, 1893 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the lowland forests of Java.
- Author
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Misbahul Munir, Hamidy, Amir, Kusrini, Mirza Dikari, Kennedi, Umar Fhadli, Ridha, Mohammad Ali, Qayyim, Dzikri Ibnul, Rafsanzani, Rizky, and Kanto Nishikawa
- Subjects
ANURA ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,HYLIDAE ,SPECIES ,FROGS - Abstract
The Old World tree frog genus Chirixalus is distributed from northeastern India, southern China, continental Southeast Asia to Sumatra and Java. The species of this genus were previously assigned to the genera Chiromantis or Philautus. Here, we describe a newly discovered species of Chirixalus from Java. Chirixalus pantaiselatan, new species, is a small rhacophorid frog (male snout-vent length = 25.3–28.9 mm) that can be distinguished from all congeners using a combination of morphological, molecular, and advertisement call characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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32. Larvae of the blow fly Caiusa testacea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as egg predators of Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae).
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Chathuranga, W. G. D., Kariyawasam, K., de Silva, Anslem, and de Silva, W. A. Priyanka P.
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BLOWFLIES ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,DIPTERA ,AMPHIBIANS ,PREDATORY animals ,AMPHIBIAN declines - Published
- 2020
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33. From mainland to islands: colonization history in the tree frog Kurixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae).
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Yu, Guo-Hua, Du, Li-Na, Wang, Ji-Shan, Rao, Ding-Qi, Wu, Zheng-Jun, and Yang, Jun-Xing
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HYLIDAE ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,COLONIZATION ,TREE breeding ,CURRENT distribution ,ANURA - Abstract
The origin and colonization history of Kurixalus , a genus of small arboreal tree frogs breeding exclusively in shallow swamps, is under disputed. On the basis of comprehensive sampling program, the evolutionary history of Kurixalus is investigated based on 3 mitochondrial genes. Our results indicate that the genus Kurixalus originated in the Asian mainland and subsequently arrived at its current distribution in Borneo, Taiwan, Ryukyu, and Hainan islands by a series of dispersal events. Moreover, the colonization of Taiwan from mainland Asia has occurred 2 times. The initial colonization of Taiwan occurred at 3.46–8.68 Mya (95% highest posterior density), which rejects the hypothesis that Kurixalus probably originated from Taiwan during the early Oligocene and favors the model of Neogene-origin rather than the model of Quaternary-origin for Taiwanese Kurixalus. Kurixalus eiffingeri has dispersed from Taiwan to the Ryukyus once or 2 times pending more data. Both transoceanic dispersal and landbridge dispersal have played a role in the colonization process; the former resulted in the colonization of Taiwan and the Ryukyus and the latter led to the colonization of Borneo and Hainan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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34. A frog that eats foam: predation on the nest of Polypedates sp. (Rhacophoridae) by Euphlyctis sp. (Dicroglossidae).
- Author
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Borah, Pranoy Kishore, Ghosh, Avrajjal, Sahoo, Bikash, and Datta-Roy, Aniruddha
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NEST predation ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,FROGS ,FOAM ,AMPHIBIANS ,HYLIDAE ,BIRD nests ,ANURA - Published
- 2020
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35. First record of Theloderma pyaukkya Dever, 2017 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in China, with range extension of Theloderma moloch (Annandale, 1912) to Yunnan.
- Author
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Li-Na Du, Shuo Liu, Mian Hou, and Guo-Hua Yu
- Subjects
RHACOPHORIDAE ,FROG anatomy ,ANURA ,ANATOMICAL specimens - Abstract
The article highlights a study of the first record of Theloderma pyaukkya Dever and Theloderma moloch in China based on a specimen collected from western Yunnan. It discusses that field surveys were conducted in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China; and mentions that Theloderma moloch, a species known from India and southern Tibet in China, also reported to occur in Yunnan in the study based on Guangxi Normal University YU000115 from Yingjiang County.
- Published
- 2020
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36. Hot spring frogs (Buergeria japonica) prefer cooler water to hot water.
- Author
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Komaki, Shohei, Sutoh, Yoichi, Kobayashi, Kensuke, Saito, Shigeru, Saito, Claire T., Igawa, Takeshi, and Lau, Quintin
- Subjects
HOT springs ,HOT water ,FROGS ,WATER temperature ,HYLIDAE - Abstract
"Hot spring frog" is an informal name used for the Japanese stream tree frog (Buergeria japonica), which is widely distributed in Taiwan and the Ryukyu Archipelago in Japan. Some populations of the species are known to inhabit hot springs. However, water temperature can be extremely high around the sources of hot springs. Thus, it is questionable whether B. japonica selectively inhabits such dangerous environments. To address this question, we conducted a series of observations of water temperature preferences of a hot spring population of B. japonica in Kuchinoshima Island in Japan: (a) a field observation of tadpole density in water pools of different temperatures, (b) a field observation of water temperatures where adult males appear for breeding, and (c) an indoor observation of water temperatures selected by adult females for oviposition. As a result, tadpoles showed a higher density in cooler water. Adult males avoided water pools hotter than 37°C, and adult females selected cooler pools for oviposition. Camera records also showed that adult individuals tend to appear around cooler pools. Thus, we did not find any support for the hypothesis that hot spring frogs prefer hot water. Conversely, they apparently tended to prefer cooler water if it was available. Water temperatures around the sources of the hot spring exceed thermal tolerances of the species and could be a strong selective pressure on the population. Thus, the ability to sense and avoid lethal temperatures may be a key ecological and physiological characteristic for the species that inhabit hot springs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. New locality records and call description of the Resplendent Shrub Frog Raorchestes resplendens (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats, India.
- Author
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Das, Sandeep, Rajkumar, K. P., Sreejith, K. A., Royaltata, M., and Easa, P. S.
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ANURA ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,AMPHIBIANS ,FROGS ,PRESCRIBED burning ,SHRUBS - Abstract
The Resplendent Shrub Frog, Raorchestes resplendens Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, & Bossuyt, 2010 is a Critically Endangered species endemic to the Western Ghats and was considered to be restricted to a three-square kilometer patch atop Anamudi summit. In this study, we report 36 new locations of the species from the Anamalai massif of the southern Western Ghats. Niche-based prediction modelling suggests that the species is restricted to Anamalai massif. The call description of this frog is also provided for the first time. The preferred microhabitat of the frog is Chrysopogon grass clumps in the marshy/swampy montane grassland ecosystem. Restricted to a small area with controlled burning management practiced in its habitat, R. resplendens needs immediate attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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38. A new species of cryptic Bush frog (Anura, Rhacophoridae, Raorchestes) from northeastern Bangladesh.
- Author
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Al-Razi, Hassan, Maria, Marjan, and Muzaffar, Sabir Bin
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,SPECIES ,FROGS ,AMPHIBIANS ,FOREST degradation - Abstract
Raorchestes is a speciose genus of bush frogs with high diversity occurring in the Western Ghats of India. Relatively fewer species have been recorded across India, through Bangladesh, southern China, into Vietnam and Peninsular Malaysia. Many bush frogs are morphologically cryptic and therefore remain undescribed. Here, a new species, Raorchestes rezakhani sp. nov., is described from northeastern Bangladesh based on morphological characters, genetics, and bioacoustics. The 16S rRNA gene distinguished this species from 48 known species of this genus. Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses indicated that the new species was most similar to R. tuberohumerus, a species found in the Western Ghats, and to R. gryllus, a species found in Vietnam. Bioacoustics indicated that their calls were similar in pattern to most Raorchestes species, although number of pulses, duration of pulses, pulse intervals and amplitude differentiated it from a few other species. It is suggested that northeastern India, Bangladesh, northern Myanmar, and southern China represent important, relatively unexplored areas that could yield additional species of Raorchestes. Since many remaining habitat patches in Bangladesh are under severe threat from deforestation, efforts should be made to protect these last patches from further degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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39. Taxonomic re-evaluation of the enigmatic Polypedates chlorophthalmus Das, 2005 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Gunung Murud, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo), a junior synonym of Philautus hosii (Boulenger, 1895).
- Author
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Dehling, J. Maximilian and Das, Indraneil
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RHACOPHORIDAE ,BODY size ,SYNONYMS ,HYLIDAE ,TOES ,ANURA ,FOOT - Abstract
We re-examined the holotype of Polypedates chlorophthalmus, the only specimen of the species that has ever been collected. Detailed comparison to recently collected specimens of Philautus hosii revealed that the two taxa are identical in general habitus, shape of snout, hands and feet, extent of toe webbing, presence and shape of hand and foot tubercles, size and shape of vomerine teeth, dorsal and ventral colouration and pattern, iris colouration, as well as body size and proportions. We refer Polypedates chlorophthalmus to the synonymy of Philautus hosii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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40. A new species of the genus Raorchestes (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Yunnan Province, China.
- Author
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Yun-He Wu, Suwannapoom, Chatmongkon, Kai Xu, Jin-Min Chen, Jie-Qiong Jin, Hong-Man Chen, Murphy, Robert W., and Jing Che
- Subjects
RHACOPHORIDAE ,BENZOCAINE ,ETHANOL ,GENOMICS ,DNA - Abstract
The article offers insight to a study conducted for analysing new species of the genus Raorchestes from Yunnan Province, China. It mentions that frogs were euthanized using benzocaine, and liver tissues taken and preserved in 95 percent ethanol. It also mentions that genomic DNA was extracted, and a partial fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced.
- Published
- 2019
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41. Polypedates leucomystax
- Author
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Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y., and Lim, Kelvin K. P.
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Amphibia ,Rhacophoridae ,Polypedates leucomystax ,Animalia ,Biodiversity ,Anura ,Chordata ,Polypedates ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829) — Native. Hyla leucomystax Gravenhorst, 1829: 26. Type material: Type material originally at Breslau Museum (= MNHUW) apparently lost, according to Stejneger (1907: 157). Type locality: “ Java ”, Indonesia. Four-lined Tree Frog (Figure 7E; Windsor Nature Park) Singapore records. Polypedates leucomystax — Cantor, 1847c: 1063, 1073.—Stejneger, 1907: 157–158.—K. Lim, 1988b: 6 (Nee Soon [NSSF]).—K. Lim, 1988f: 77 (Botanic Gardens; Bukit Timah Hill [BTNR]; Tanjong Tajam [PU]).— Hall, 1989: 33 (Pasir Panjang Hill).—K.K.P. Lim, 1989a: 56 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 57.—K.K.P. Lim, 1991a: 4 (Thomson Ridge [TRF]).— K.P. Lim & Subharaj, 1991 d: 4 (Mount Imbiah [Sentosa]).—K.K.P. Lim & C.M. Yang, 1991: 227 (Ayer Rajah Campus [= NUS Kent Ridge]; Bukit Timah Campus [NUS]; Dover Road; Hindhede Drive; Jurong; Nee Soon Swamp Forest).— Corlett, 1992: 418.—D.S. Johnson, 1992: 75.—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 1992: 38, 144.—K.K.P. Lim & Subharaj, 1992: 9 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—P.K.L. Ng, 1992a: 139.—P.K.L. Ng, 1992b: 139.—W.K. Tan, 1992: 50.—Wee, 1992: 73 (Lower Peirce Reservoir Park).—E.K. Chua, 1993: 99.—L.M. Chou et al., 1994: 93.— L.M. Chou, 1995: 146.—R. Subaraj, 1995: 36 (Pulau Ubin).—R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997: 400.—Chan-ard et al., 1999: 19.—T.M. Leong & L.M. Chou, 1999: 115–117.—T.M. Leong, 2000: 3.—E.K. Chua, 2002: 13 (Pulau Ubin).—B.P.L. Goh et al., 2002: 142.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 145.— Karns et al., 2002: 488 (Pasir Ris Park Mangroves).— Anonymous, 2003: 32, 93 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—Das, 2005: 270.— Das & Haas, 2005: 381.—H.T.W. Tan et al., 2007: 64.—Tapley & GirGin, 2015: 7.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 60, 159.—Sheridan, 2008: 165.—T.M. Leong et al., 2009: 364 (Singapore Zoo).—M.F.C. Ng, 2009: 109 (Semakau Landfill [PS]).—Sheridan, 2009: 583–592 (Mandai Orchid Garden [= MRF]).—Bickford et al., 2010: 121, 123.—S.H. Chan & C. Goh, 2010: 105 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—E.K. Chua, 2010: 103, 128 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—Sheridan et al., 2010: 369–379 (Mandai Orchid Garden [= MRF]).—H.T.W. Tan et al., 2010: 88.—M.A.H. Chua, 2011: 279 (Semakau Landfill [PS]).—L.L. Grismer, 2011a: 62.—P.K.L. Ng et al., 2011: 487.—T.M. Leong, 2011: 22.— Ang et al., 2012: 50 (Hort Park).—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 50, 60, 159.— Gilbert et al., 2012: 389, 393.— Kuraishi et al., 2012: 55.—M.F.C. Ng, 2012: 68, 146.—T.H. Ng & D.C.J. Yeo, 2012: 100.—K.Y. Chong et al., 2013: 290.—T.M. Leong, 2014: 8. (Bukit Kalang [SRF]).—Streicher et al., 2014: 364.—E.K. Chua, 2015: 126.—Rognes, 2015: 8, 28, 29.—R. Subaraj, 2015: 13, 52, 54, 56 (Mandai Range Forest; Night Safari; Project Western Boundary [= MBP]; Stephen Lee Woods [= RPN]; Ulu Sembawang Forest; Upper Seletar Peninsula [= USNF]).—S. Subaraj, 2015: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (Mandai Range Forest; Night Safari; Project Western Boundary [= MBP]; Singapore Zoo; Stephen Lee Woods [= RPN]; Upper Seletar Peninsula [= USNF]).—K.K.P. Lim et al., 2016: 173, 174 (Pulau Tekong).—Shahrudin, 2016a: 30.—Shahrudin, 2016b: 163.—A. Tay et al., 2017: 104 (Clementi Woods).—Zhang & Thomas, 2017: 176 (Bukit Surau [Pulau Ubin]).—S.M. Chong et al., 2018: 252, 253.—R. Tan & M.-R. Low, 2018: 40 (Singapore Zoo).—H.C. Ho et al., 2019: 124, 125 (Alexandra Woodlands; Clementi Forest).—Purkayastha et al., 2019: 528.—H.T.W. Tan et al., 2019: 128, 132 (Kent Ridge Park; National University of Singapore Kent Ridge Campus).— R.C.H. Teo & Thomas, 2019: 153 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—Allain & Goodman, 2020: 217 (Singapore Botanic Gardens [Evolution Garden]).—E.K. Chua, 2022: 91, 167 (Namly housing estate; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve). Polypedates quadrilineatus —Ģnther, 1859a: 79.— Ģnther, 1864: xxvi, 429. Rhacophorus maculatus var. quadrilineata — Boulenger, 1882a: 84–85. Rhacophorus leucomystax — Boulenger, 1889b: 29–30.— Flower, 1896: 905–906.— Hanitsch, 1898: 8.— Flower, 1900: 898.—Hanitsch, 1908: 48.— Hanitsch, 1912b: 18.—van Kampen, 1923: 249.— Berry, 1964: 227–243 (Botanic Gardens).—D.S. Johnson, 1964: 28.— Berry, 1965: 163–174 (Botanic Gardens).— Inger, 1966: 313, 315.—Inger & Bacon, 1968: 602.—M.C. Ting, 1970: 38 (Singapore Botanic Gardens; “garden of the Department of Botany, University of Singapore ” [= NUS Bukit Timah Campus]).— Chuang, 1973: 4.—D.H. Murphy, 1973: 65.—D.S. Johnson, 1973a: 117.— Elliott & Karunakaran, 1974: 203–215.— Cedhagen, 1997: 4.—Phang et al., 1983: 24 (Botanic Gardens).— Choo-Toh et al., 1985: 128 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve). Rhacophorus leucomystax var. sexvirgata —van Kampen, 1923: 246–250. Rhacophorus leucomystax leucomystax — Bourret, 1942: 430.— Grandison, 1972: 72–73. Rana leucomystax —D.S. Johnson, 1992: 40. Polypedates leucomastyx [sic]—Hawkeswood & A. Sommung, 2018b: 1. Remarks. Much needed research is required to verify the identity of P. leucomystax in Singapore. Polypedates leucomystax represents a problematic species complex harbouring cryptic species that occur sympatrically (Kuraishi et al. 2012). Narins et al. (1998) identified two morphs in Peninsular Malaysia that differed in morphology, allozyme attributes, and bioacoustics. Their “Morph B” was synonymous with the “Malay Clade” of Kuraishi et al. (2013), which was later delineated as P. discantus (Rujirawan et al. 2013) which ranges from Thailand to southern Peninsular Malaysia (Rujirawan et al. 2013). Sheridan et al. (2010) detected two types of calls in P. leucomystax from Singapore, but both were considered to be from the same species. Cantor (1847c) first reported P. leucomystax from Singapore based on a specimen collected in 1845. Flower (1896) found P. leucomystax to be very common in Singapore, as it continues to be today (Baker & Lim 2012), however no new observations were reported for 57 years (Table 2) between Stejneger (1907) and Berry (1964). Outside of mangroves, P. leucomystax can be found in any habitat throughout Singapore, including urban areas (Baker & Lim 2012). Occurrence. Ubiquitous. Common. Singapore conservation status. Least Concern. Conservation priority. Lowest. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern [2004]. LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Singapore (no locality): BMNH 1845.3.7.12–13 (no date), BMNH 1896.6.25.120–178 (no date), BMNH 1956.1.10.26 (no date), ZRC.1.903 (20-Sep-1897), ZRC.1.2775– ZRC.1.2778 (Aug-1988), ZRC. 1.11062 (27-Jun-1902); Ayer Rajah Campus [= NUS Kent Ridge] : ZRC.1.1346 (28-Apr-1976); Botanic Gardens : ZRC.1.2227– ZRC.1.2250 (24-Oct-1974); Bukit Batok : ZRC.1.13087 (11-Jul-2012); Bukit Timah : ZRC. 1.3515 (16-Oct-1982); Bukit Timah Campus [NUS] : ZRC.1.1490– ZRC.1.1497 (17-Dec-1974); Bukit Timah Nature Reserve : ZRC.1.13063– ZRC.1.13064 (25- Jun-2012), ZRC.1.13069– ZRC.1.13070 (26-Jun-2012); Central Catchment : ZRC.1.12570– ZRC.1.12571 (02-Dec-2006); Dover Road : ZRC.1.1665– ZRC.1.1667 (07-Dec-1974); Greenbank Park : ZRC.1.3436, ZRC.1.3439, ZRC.1.3441(Jul-1996); Hindhede Drive : ZRC.1.1347(Apr-1981), ZRC.1.1524– ZRC.1.1525 (04-Jun-1986), ZRC.1.1527 (17-Apr-1988), ZRC.1.1531 (10-May-1988), ZRC.1.1532 (30-May-1988), ZRC.1.1533 (06-Jun-1988), ZRC.1.1559 (11-Sep-1988), ZRC.1.1558 (20-Sep-1988), ZRC.1.1561 (07- Dec-1988), ZRC.1.2758 (1989), ZRC.1.1575 (13-Jan-1989), ZRC. 1.8221 (Jul-2001); Holland Woods [= CF] : ZRC.1.13067– ZRC.1.13068 (26-Jun-2012); Kent Ridge Park : ZRC.1.13065– ZRC.1.13066 (25-Jun-2012); Jurong Road : ZRC.1.3437, ZRC.1.3440 (Aug-1996), ZRC.1.3438 (Sep-1996); Jurong : ZRC.1.1498 (28-Feb-1970); Labrador Nature Reserve : ZRC.1.13043, ZRC.1.13049– ZRC.1.13052 (18-Jun-2012); Lim Chu Kang : ZRC.1.13071– ZRC.1.13077 (27-Jun-2012); Lower Peirce Forest : ZRC.1.10516– ZRC.1.10520 (14-Mar-2003), ZRC.1.12547 (04-May-2006), ZRC.1.13057 (21-Jun-2012); MacRitchie North Forest : ZRC.1.13059– ZRC. 1.13060 (22-Jun-2012); Mandai Orchid Garden [= MBP] : ZRC.1.12533 (10-Mar-2006), ZRC.1.12535 (14-Mar-2006), ZRC.1.12542, ZRC.1.12544– ZRC.1.12546 (02-May-2006), ZRC.1.12567 (17-Nov-2006), ZRC.1.12572– ZRC.1.12573 (20-Jan-2007), ZRC.1.12543 (02-May-2006), ZRC.1.12565 (17-May-2006), ZRC.1.12580 (09-Feb-2007), ZRC.1.12584 (16-Feb-2007); Mount Faber Park : ZRC.1.13053 (20-Jun-2012); Nee Soon Swamp Forest : ZRC.1.1787 (30-Mar-1990); Old Upper Thomson Road : ZRC.1.13058 (21-Jun-2012); Pulau Tekong : ZRC.1.3442 (Aug-1996), ZRC.1.12493 (29-Sep-2012); Seletar Reservoir ]: BMNH 1983.475 (no date); Sime Road Forest: ZRC.1.10407 (15-Jan-2003), ZRC.1.11355 (06-Sep-2004); Singapore Zoo : ZRC.1.12540 (14- Apr-2006); Telok Blangah Hill Park: ZRC.1.13044– ZRC.1.13048 (18-Jun-2012); Upper Thomson Road : ZRC. 1.13061 (22-Jun-2012); Upper Thomson [TNP] : ZRC.1.13054– ZRC.1.13056 (21-Jun-2012) [Thomson Pond]; Upper Seletar Reservoir Park : ZRC.1.13084– ZRC.1.13086 (11-Jul-2012); Zhenghua Park : ZRC.1.13078– ZRC.1.13083 (05-Jul-2012). Additional Singapore museum specimens. Singapore (no locality): FMNH, NMW, RBINS, ZMH, ZMO; Botanic Gardens: BPBM; Nee Soon Pipeline [= NSSF]: BPBM; Pulau Merlimau [= Pulau Jurong]: BPBM; University of Malaya [= NUS Bukit Timah]: BPBM Singapore localities. Alexandra Woodlands—Bukit Batok—Bukit Timah (not specified)—Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Clementi Forest—Clementi Woods—Dover Road—Greenbank Park—Hindhede Drive—Hort Park—Jurong—Jurong Road—Kent Ridge Park—Labrador Nature Reserve—Lim Chu Kang—Lower Peirce Forest—Lower Peirce Reservoir Park—MacRitchie North Forest—Mandai Bird Park—Mandai Range Forest—Mount Faber Park —Namly Ave—National University of Singapore Bukit Timah Campus— National University of Singapore Kent Ridge Campus—Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Night Safari—Old Upper Thomson Road—Pasir Panjang Hill—Pasir Ris Park Mangroves—Pulau Jurong—Pulau Semakau— Pulau Tekong—Pulau Ubin—Rainforest Park North—Seletar Reservoir—Sentosa—Sime Road Forest— Singapore Botanic Gardens—Singapore Zoo—Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve—Telok Blangah Hill Park—Thomson Nature Park—Thomson Ridge Forest—Ulu Sembawang Forest—Upper Seletar Reservoir Park—Upper Thomson Road—Windsor Nature Park—Zhenghua Nature Park. Genus Theloderma Tschudi, 1838 (1 species) Theloderma Tschudi, 1838: 32–33, 73–74 (type species: Theloderma leporosa Tschudi, 1838, by monotypy; gender feminine)., Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on pages 59-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319, {"references":["Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057","Lim, K. & Lim, F. (1988 b) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 49 - 51.","Lim, K. (1988 f) Amphibians. The Pangolin, 1 (4), 77 - 78.","Hall, M. (1989) Some notes on the vertebrates of a Pasir Panjang Hill garden (not including the birds and snakes), June 1985 - June 1989. The Pangolin, 2 (2), 32 - 33.","Lim, K. K. P. (1991 a) Reptiles & Amphibians. The Pangolin, 4 (1), 3 - 4.","Lim, K. K. P. & Subharaj, R. (1991) Reptiles & Amphibians. The Pangolin, 4 (2), 4 - 5.","Corlett, R. T. (1992) The ecological transformation of Singapore, 1819 - 1990. Journal of Biogeography, 19 (4), 411 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845569","Johnson, D. S. (1992) Natural History of Singapore. Revised Edition. Tynron Press, Leicestershire, ix + 142 pp.","Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Lim, K. K. P. & Subharaj, R. (1992) Reptiles & Amphibians. The Pangolin, 5 (1 - 4), 5 - 9.","Chua, E. K. (1993) Nature in Singapore, Ours to Protect. The Nature Society, Singapore, 132 pp.","Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106.","Chou, L. M. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles. In: Chin, S. C., Corlett, R. T., Wee, Y. C. & Geh, S. Y. (Eds.), Rain Forest in the City: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, Supplement 3, pp. 145 - 150.","Leong, T. M. (2000) Amphibian tales. Nature Watch, 8 (4), 2 - 8.","Chua, E. K. (2002) Chek Jawa: Discovering Singapore's Biodiversity. Simply Green, Singapore, 116 pp.","Goh, B. P. L., Sodhi, N. S., Li, D., Ho, S. H. & Ng, P. K. L. (2002) A Guide to Urban Creatures. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Karns, D. R., Voris, H. K. & Goodwin, T. G. (2002) Ecology of Oriental-Australian rear-fanged water snakes (Colubridae: Homalopsinae) in the Pasir Ris Park mangrove forest, Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50 (2), 487 - 498.","Anonymous (2003) Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve - A Decade of Wetland Conservation. National Parks Board, Singapore, 98 pp.","Das, I. & Haas, A. (2005) Sources of larval identities for amphibians from Borneo. Herpetological Review, 36 (4), 375 - 381.","Chua, E. K. (2010) Wetlands in a City: The Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Simply Green, Singapore, 176 pp.","Chua, M. A. (2011) The herpetofauna and mammals of Semakau Landfill: A Project Semakau checklist. Nature in Singapore, 4, 277 - 287.","Grismer, L. L. (2011 a) Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago (Peninsular Malaysia). Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 239 pp.","Ang, W. F., Lim, N. T. - L., Lok, A. F. S. L. & Ng, D. J. J. (2012) Herptiles: amphibians and reptiles. In: Lok, A. F. S. L., Ang, W. F., Tan, H. T. W., Corlett, R. T. & Tan, P. Y. (Eds.), The Native Fauna of the Native Garden @ HortPark: Birds, Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Butterflies, Moths, Damselflies, and Dragonflies. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, and Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, National Parks Board, Singapore, pp. 44 - 63.","Gilbert, M., Bickford, D., Clark, L., Johnson, A., Joyner, P. H., Keatts, L. O., Khammavong, K., Van, L. N., Newton, A., Seow, T. P. W., Roberton, S., Silithammavong, S., Singhalath, S., Yang, A. & Seimon, T. A. (2012) Amphibian pathogens in Southeast Asian frog trade. EcoHealth, 9 (4), 386 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10393 - 013 - 0817 - 7","Kuraishi, N., Matsui, M., Hamidy, A., Belabut, D. M., Ahmad, N., Panha, S., Sudin, A., Yong, H. S., Jiang, J. - P., Ota, H., Thong, H. T. & Nishikawa, K. (2012) Phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships of the Polypedates leucomystax complex (Amphibia). Zoologica Scripta, 42 (1), 54 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2012.00562. x","Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H. & Lim, N. T. - L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165 - 198.","Chong, S. M., Sng, W., Yan, B. T., Wong, W. K., Siow, H. J. & Fernandez, C. J. (2018) Prevalence of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild amphibians, Singapore. Herpetological Review, 49 (2), 252 - 254.","Gnther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xxvii + 452 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012","Boulenger, G. A. (1882 a) Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia s. Caudata and Batrachia Apoda in the collection of the British Museum. 2 nd Edition. Taylor and Francis, London, vi + 127 pp., 9 pls.","Boulenger, G. A. (1889 b) On the species of Rhacophorus confounded under the name of R. maculatus. In Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1889 (1), 27 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1889. tb 06743. x","Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46.","Hanitsch, R. (1898) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1897. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 11 - 22.","Flower, S. S. (1900) Notes on a second collection of batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 to September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1899 (4), 885 - 916, pls. 59 - 60. [conventionally cited as 1899 but published April 1900 (Duncan 1937: 75)]","Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp.","Kampen, P. N. van (1923) The Amphibia of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. E. J. Brill, Leiden, x + 304 pp.","Berry, P. Y. (1964) The breeding patterns of seven species of Singapore anura. Journal of Animal Ecology, 33 (2), 227 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2629","Johnson, D. S. (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Singapore, x + 106 pp.","Berry, P. Y. (1965) The diet of some Singapore anura. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 144 (2), 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1965. tb 05171. x","Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology, 52, 1 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3147","Chuang, S. H. (1973) Introduction. In: Chuang, S. H. (Ed.), Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 1 - 6.","Johnson, D. S. (1973 a) Freshwater life. In: Chuang, S. H. (Ed.), Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 103 - 127.","Elliott, A. B. & Karunakaran, L. (1974) Diet of Rana cancrivora in fresh water and brackish environments. Journal of Zoology, 174, 203 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1974. tb 03152. x","Cedhagen, T. (1997) Anurans collected in West Malaysia. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 7, 1 - 5.","Choo-Toh, G. T., Hails, C. J., Harrison, B., Wee, Y. C. & Wong, Y. K. (1985) A Guide to the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 138 pp.","Bourret, R. (1942) Les Batraciens de l'Indochine. Institut oceanographique de l'Indochine, Hanoi, x + 547 pp., 4 pls.","Grandison, A. G. C. (1972) The Gunung Benom Expedition 1967. 5. Reptiles and amphibians of Gunung Benom with a description of a new species of Macrocalamus. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 23 (4), 43 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 314200","Baker, N. & Lim, K. P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp."]}
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42. Zhangixalus dennysi
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Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y., and Lim, Kelvin K. P.
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Amphibia ,Rhacophoridae ,Zhangixalus dennysi ,Zhangixalus ,Animalia ,Biodiversity ,Anura ,Chordata ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Zhangixalus dennysi (Blanford, 1881) — Erroneous. Denny’s Whipping Frog Singapore records. Polypedates dennysi —Zhao & Adler, 1993: 155. Remarks. Zhao & Adler (1993) informed that Liu & Hu (1961) incorrectly stated ‘Singapore’ as the type locality for Z. dennysi, expressing that Liu & Hu (1961) seemingly misinterpreted Blanford’s (1881) original description. Blanford (1881) named the new species after Dennys because he examined a specimen deposited by Dennys at the Raffles Museum which was obtained by the latter from a Chinese merchant named Whampoa (also known as Hoo Ah Kay). The specimen was collected from an unknown locality in China (Blanford 1881). Zhangixalus dennysi ranges from Myanmar and Laos, east through northeastern Vietnam east to southeastern China and Hainan Island (Pham et al. 2017). LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. No specimens. Additional Singapore museum specimens. No specimens. Class Reptilia Laurenti, 1768 (64 species) Order Crocodylia Owen, 1842 (2 species) Family Crocodylidae Gray, 1825 (2 species) Genus Crocodylus Laurenti, 1768 (2 species), Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on page 258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319, {"references":["Blanford, W. T. (1881) On a collection of reptiles and frogs chiefly from Singapore. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (1), 215 - 226, pls. 20 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101596"]}
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43. Rhacophoridae Hoffman 1932
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Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y., and Lim, Kelvin K. P.
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Amphibia ,Rhacophoridae ,Animalia ,Biodiversity ,Anura ,Chordata ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Family Rhacophoridae Hoffman, 1932 (1858) (4 species) Rhacophoridae Hoffman, 1932: 581 (type genus Rhacophorus Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822)., Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319
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44. Leptomantis Peters 1867
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Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y., and Lim, Kelvin K. P.
- Subjects
Amphibia ,Rhacophoridae ,Leptomantis ,Animalia ,Biodiversity ,Anura ,Chordata ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Genus Leptomantis Peters, 1867 (1 species) Leptomantis Peters, 1867: 32 (type species: Leptomantis bimaculata Peters, 1867, by monotypy)., Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319
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45. Theloderma horridum
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Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y., and Lim, Kelvin K. P.
- Subjects
Amphibia ,Rhacophoridae ,Animalia ,Biodiversity ,Anura ,Chordata ,Theloderma horridum ,Theloderma ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Theloderma horridum (Boulenger, 1903) — Native. Ixalus horridus Boulenger, 1903: 139–141, pl. 6, fig. 2. Syntypes (12): original number unknown, but includes BMNH 1903.4.13.111–112 and 1903.4.13.113–122, according to Bossuyt & Dubois (2001: 37). Type locality: “ Patani States … near our camp on Bukit Besar”, Pattani, Thailand. Thorny Bush Frog (Figure 7F) Singapore records. Theloderma horridum — Leong et al., 1996: 475–477 (Taban Valley [BTNR]).—R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997: 400 (Taban Valley [BTNR]).—T.M. Leong & L.M. Chou, 1999: 117–118.—T.M. Leong, 2000: 8.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 145.—K.K.P. Lim & T.M. Leong, 2008: 159, 264.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 61, 159 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—T.M. Leong & S.C. Teo, 2009: 24.—Bickford et al., 2010: 123.— Davison, 2011: 109.—L.L. Grismer, 2011a: 64.—Figueroa & Selveindran, 2011: 259–261 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—P.K.L. Ng et al., 2011: 487.—T.M. Leong, 2011: 20, 22.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 61, 159.—K.Y. Chong et al., 2013: 289.—W. Wong, 2017: 53.—R.C.H. Teo & Thomas, 2019: 153, 179. Remarks. After Leptomantis cyanopunctatus, T. horridum is Singapore’s second rarest frog. After being first discovered in Singapore on the trunk of a tree at Taban Valley, BTNR on 18 March 1996 (Leong et al. 1996), T. horridum has only been recorded an additional eight times (Figueroa & Selveindran 2011). The subsequent five observations were all made before July 1997 and featured individuals perched on tree trunks at Taban Valley (Teo & Rajathurai 1997; Figueroa & Selveindran 2011). The seventh record of T. horridum did not come until 12 years later on 29 January 2009 when Leong saw one sitting on a leaf, also at the same location (Figueroa & Selveindran 2011). The last reported sighting occurred two years later on 20 July 2011, when a single individual was seen on a tree trunk at NSSF (Fig. 7F), representing a new locality for T. horridum (see Figueroa & Selveindran 2011). Teo & Thomas (2019) incorrectly cited Figueroa & Selveindran (2011) as recording a specimen in BTNR. Clearly, from these observations T. horridum prefers trunks of large trees as noticed in Malaysia where they nest in phytotelmata (Grismer 2011; Stuebing et al. 2017). Stuebing et al. (2017) postulated that T. horridum is not such a rare species, but is seldom detected owing to its exceptional camouflage. Coupled with its requirement for mature forests (Grismer 2011), we suspect that T. horridum in Singapore has yet to recover from the initial island-wide deforestation and loss of large trees. Occurrence. Restricted, only known from BTNR and NSSF. Rare. Singapore conservation status. Critically Endangered. Conservation priority. Highest. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern [2021]. LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve: ZRC.1.3278 (18-Mar-1996). Additional Singapore museum specimens. No specimens. Singapore localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Nee Soon Swamp Forest. Class Reptilia Laurenti, 1768 (135 species) Reptilia Laurenti, 1768: 17. Order Crocodylia Owen, 1842 (1 species) Crocodilia Owen, 1842: 65. Family Crocodylidae Gray, 1825 (1 species) Crocodilidae Gray, 1825: 195 (type genus Crocodylus Laurenti, 1768). Genus Crocodylus Laurenti, 1768 (1 species) Crocodylus Laurenti, 1768: 53 (type species: Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768, by subsequent designation by A.E. Brown, 1908: 113; gender masculine)., Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319, {"references":["Boulenger, G. A. (1903) Report on the batrachians and reptiles. Fasciculi Malayenses. Anthropological and Zoological Results of an Expedition to Perak and the Siamese Malay States. Zoology. Part I. University Press of Liverpool, London, pp. 131 - 176, pls. 1 - 5.","Bossuyt, F. & Dubois, A. (2001) A review of the frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae). Zeylanica, 6, 1 - 112.","Leong, T. M., Lee, B. Y. H. & Chou, L. M. (1996) New record of the tree-frog, Theloderma horridum Boulenger (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (2), 475 - 477.","Leong, T. M. (2000) Amphibian tales. Nature Watch, 8 (4), 2 - 8.","Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Davison, G. (2011) Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. In: Ng, P. K. L., Corlett, R. T. & Tan, H. T. W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, pp. 106 - 113.","Grismer, L. L. (2011 a) Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago (Peninsular Malaysia). Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 239 pp."]}
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- 2023
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46. Nyctixalus pictus
- Author
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Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y., and Lim, Kelvin K. P.
- Subjects
Amphibia ,Rhacophoridae ,Nyctixalus pictus ,Animalia ,Biodiversity ,Anura ,Chordata ,Nyctixalus ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Nyctixalus pictus (Peters, 1871) — Native. Ixalus pictus W.C.H. Peters, 1871: 580. Holotype: MSNG 10062, according to Capocaccia (1957: 217). Type locality: “Sarawak”, East Malaysia. Cinnamon Bush Frog (Figure 7D) Singapore records. Ixalus pictus — Flower, 1896: 908 (Bukit Timah).—A.L. Butler, 1904: 204.—Robinson, 1905: 30 (Bukit Timah).— Boulenger, 1912: 255. Philautus pictus —van Kampen, 1923: 269–270.— Bourret, 1942: 455. Hazelia pictus —Taylor, 1962: 506–509 (“Valley Contour Path, Bukit Timali” [= Fern Valley, BTNR]). Philautus pictus pictus — Inger, 1966: 349–352. Nyctixalus pictus —K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 56.—K.K.P. Lim & C.M. Yang, 1991: 227 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 1992: 37, 144.—L.M. Chou et al., 1994: 93.—K.K.P. Lim, 1994a: 331.—K.K.P. Lim, 1996: 50.—R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997: 400 (Fern Valley [BTNR]; Main Road [BTNR]; Nee Soon Range [NSSF]; Tiup Tiup [BTNR]).— Manthey & Grossmann, 1997: 124.—Chan-ard et al., 1999: 18.—T.M. Leong & L.M. Chou, 1999: 113–115.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 144.— Malkmus et al., 2002: 177.— Das & Haas, 2005: 381.—K.K.P. Lim & T.M. Leong, 2008: 264.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 60, 159.—T.M. Leong & S.C. Teo, 2009: 24.—Bickford et al., 2010: 121.—L.L. Grismer, 2011a: 59.—Figueroa & Selveindran, 2011: 261.—P.K.L. Ng et al., 2011: 487.—T.M. Leong, 2011: 22, 23.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 60, 159.—L.K. Wang et al., 2012: 121.—E.K. Chua, 2015: 6, 32.—R. Subaraj, 2015: 54, 56 (Mandai Range Forest; Stephen Lee Woods [= RPN]).—S. Subaraj, 2015: 3, 4, 5 (Mandai Range Forest; Stephen Lee Woods [= RPN]; Upper Seletar Peninsula [= USNF]).—S.M. Chong et al., 2018: 253.—R.C.H. Teo & Thomas, 2019: 153, 179 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Dairy Farm Nature Park).—D. Ng & Taha, 2021: 17 (Singapore Botanic Gardens Rain Forest).— E.K. Chua, 2022: 12 (Central Catchment Nature Reserve). Nyctixalus pictus pictus —W.C. Brown & Alcala, 1994: 188–189. Theloderma pictum —Supsup et al., 2017: 4. Remarks. Nyctixalus pictus is a phytotelma breeder (Inger et al. 2017), and thanks to unpublished research from students at NUS demonstrating that it successfully breeds in artificial containers, N. pictus was added to NParks species recovery plan (NParks 2017). NParks anticipates adopting the artificial breeding container method to translocate tadpoles to suitable areas in hopes of expanding N. pictus’ distribution in Singapore. A pilot study was done between December 2017 and March 2018 using this method to translocate individuals to the remnant primary forest patch in SBG Rain Forest (Ng & Taha 2021). Fortunately, the pilot study proved successful and N. pictus has successfully established a population at the translocation site. Hanitsch collected the first Singapore specimen of N. pictus (and the first specimen for the Malay Peninsula) in 1896 at BTNR (Flower 1896). Evidently, N. pictus was rarely collected historically. Aside from Hanitsch’s specimen, only three larvae in the Raffles Museum dated 1933, two specimens from Hendrickson dated 1958 at BPBM, and two specimens from Berry and Goh dated 1959 deposited at BPBM are known. The two specimens that Taylor (1962) examined were those collected by Berry and Goh. Lim & Yang (1991) reported only one specimen at LKCNHM, which was collected by Murphy in 1980. Thus, after Hanitsch’s specimen, the next published field observation of N. pictus was 101 years later (Table 2) by Teo & Rajathurai (1997) who found it common at BTNR and who discovered the first population outside of BTNR at NSSF in 1996. Although seldom reported in the literature, N. pictus is common and even tolerates degraded forests (A. Figueroa pers. obs.). Occurrence. Restricted to CNR and surrounding Nature Parks and forests. Common. Singapore conservation status. Vulnerable. Conservation priority. Moderate. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern [2022]. LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve: ZRC.1.11004– ZRC.1.11006 (15- Jun-1933), ZRC.1.1534 (1980), ZRC.1.3476 (27-Jul-1997), ZRC.1.4607 (09-Jun-2000), ZRC.1.8023 (28-Apr-2001), ZRC.1.8129:8131 (Jun-2001), ZRC.1.8044– ZRC.1.8045 (08-Jun-2001), ZRC.1.10531 (Jan-2003); Mandai Orchid Garden [= MBP]: ZRC.1.12586 (16-Feb-2007); Nee Soon Swamp Forest: ZRC.1.3295 (01-Feb-1996); Rifle Range Road: ZRC.1.8647 (10-Oct-2001); Upper Seletar Reservoir [USRP]: ZRC.1.8397 (24-Aug-2001), ZRC.1.10527– ZRC.1.10529 (15-Mar-2003). Additional Singapore museum specimens. Bukit Timah [= BTNR]: BPBM. Singapore localities. Bukit Timah (not specified)—Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Dairy Farm Nature Park— Mandai Bird Park—Mandai Range Forest—Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Rainforest Park North—Singapore Botanic Gardens—Upper Seletar North Forest—Upper Seletar Reservoir Park. Genus Polypedates Tschudi, 1838 (1 species) Polypedates Tschudi, 1838: 34, 75 (type species: Hyla leucomystax Gravenhorst, 1829, by subsequent designation by Fitzinger, 1843: 31; gender masculine)., Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319, {"references":["Capocaccia, L. (1957) Catalogo dei tipi di anfibi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 3, 69, 208 - 222.","Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46.","Butler, A. L. (1904) A list of the batrachians known to inhabit the Malay Peninsula, with some remarks on their habits, distribution, & c. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15 (3), 387 - 402.","Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813","Kampen, P. N. van (1923) The Amphibia of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. E. J. Brill, Leiden, x + 304 pp.","Bourret, R. (1942) Les Batraciens de l'Indochine. Institut oceanographique de l'Indochine, Hanoi, x + 547 pp., 4 pls.","Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology, 52, 1 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3147","Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106.","Lim, K. K. P. (1994 a) Amphibians. In: Ng, P. K. L. & Wee, Y. C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 208 - 211.","Lim, K. K. P. (1996) Hop, slither and glide. In: Lum, S. & Sharp, I. (Eds.), A View from the Summit: The Story of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Nanyang Technological University, National University of Singapore and National Parks Board, Singapore, pp. 50 - 51.","Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp.","Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Malkmus, R., Manthey, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. (2002) Amphibians and Reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggell, Liechtenstein, 424 pp.","Das, I. & Haas, A. (2005) Sources of larval identities for amphibians from Borneo. Herpetological Review, 36 (4), 375 - 381.","Grismer, L. L. (2011 a) Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago (Peninsular Malaysia). Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 239 pp.","Chong, S. M., Sng, W., Yan, B. T., Wong, W. K., Siow, H. J. & Fernandez, C. J. (2018) Prevalence of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild amphibians, Singapore. Herpetological Review, 49 (2), 252 - 254.","Brown, W. C. & Alcala, A. C. (1994) Philippine frogs of the family Rhacophoridae. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 48 (10), 185 - 220.","Inger, R. F., Stuebing, R. B., Grafe, T. U. & Dehling, J. M. (2017) A Field Guide to the Frogs of Borneo. 3 rd Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, viii + 228 pp.","Lim, K. K. P. & Yang, C. M. (1991) An annotated checklist of the amphibians of Singapore, with emphasis on material in the Zoological Reference Collection. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 39 (1), 215 - 233."]}
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- 2023
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47. Leptomantis cyanopunctatus
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Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y., and Lim, Kelvin K. P.
- Subjects
Amphibia ,Rhacophoridae ,Leptomantis ,Leptomantis cyanopunctatus ,Animalia ,Biodiversity ,Anura ,Chordata ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Leptomantis cyanopunctatus (Manthey & Steiof, 1998) — Native. Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus Manthey & Steiof, 1998: 37. Holotype: ZMB 57895, by original designation. Type locality: “şdlichen Rand des Khao Sok National Parks (ca. 200 m ̧ NN), Provinz Surat Thani, Distrikt Phanom, Thailand”. Blue-spotted Bush Frog (Figure 7C) Singapore records. Philautus bimaculatus (non Peters, 1867)— Inger, 1966: 344–346. Rhacophorus bimaculatus (non Peters, 1867)—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 57.—K.K.P. Lim & C.M. Yang, 1991: 228 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 1992: 144.—P.K.L. Ng & K.K.P. Lim, 1992: 260 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—L.M. Chou et al., 1994: 93.—R. Subaraj et al., 1995: 5 (Lorong Banir Stream [NSSF]).—Inger, 1996: 567.—R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997: 400 (Nee Soon East [NSSF]).—Chan-ard et al., 1999: 19.—T.M. Leong, 2000: 6. Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus Manthey & Steiof, 1998: 40.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 144.—K.K.P. Lim & T.M. Leong, 2008: 158, 264.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 61, 159.—P.K.L. Ng et al., 2011: 487.—T.M. Leong, 2011: 22.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 61, 159.—N. Baker, 2013a: 20 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—K.Y. Chong et al., 2013: 289.—E.K. Chua, 2015: 8.— Dehling, 2015: 10. Remarks. Known from three fewer specimens than Theloderma horridum, L. cyanopunctatus is Singapore’s rarest frog. It was first discovered in Singapore when Inger (1966) first documented its presence based on specimen FMNH 100964. Hendrickson was believed to have collected the specimen between the 1950s and 1960s at NSSF (Lim & Yang 1991), but examination of the specimen reveals that it was collected by Davis on 23 January 1959. Leptomantis cyanopunctatus was not recorded again in Singapore until 35 years later (Table 2) on 30 August 1994 when one was photographed at the edge of NSSF (Subaraj et al. 1995; Teo & Rajathurai 1997). A photograph of this individual was published in Baker & Lim (2008). After this observation, we know of only four additional sightings of L. cyanopunctatus: one from NSSF on 23 December 2009 (Fig. 7C); two other individuals seen on 29 December 2009 and 21 December 2010 at NSSF (N. Baker pers. comm.), and; the one featured in Baker & Lim (2012) photographed at NSSF on 20 November 2010. Previously a member of Rhacophorus, Jiang et al. (2019) moved L. cyanopunctatus, along with 14 other species to Leptomantis. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis by Chan et al. (2018) demonstrated deep divergence between Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean populations suggesting two different species; however, no taxonomic changes were made. Occurrence. Restricted, only known from six records at NSSF. Rare. Singapore conservation status. Critically Endangered. Conservation priority. Highest. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern [2022]. LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. No specimens. Additional Singapore museum specimens. Singapore (no locality): FMNH. Singapore localities. Nee Soon Swamp Forest. Genus Nyctixalus Boulenger, 1882 (1 species) Nyctixalus Boulenger, 1882b: 35 (type species: Nyctixalus margaritifer Boulenger, 1882, by monotypy; gender masculine)., Published as part of Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore's herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, pp. 1-378 in Zootaxa 5287 (1) on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7960319, {"references":["Manthey, U. & Steiof, C. (1998) Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus sp. n. (Anura: Rhacophoridae), ein neuer flugfrosch von der Malaiischen Halbinsel, Sumatra und Borneo. Sauria, 20 (3), 37 - 42.","Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology, 52, 1 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3147","Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106.","Leong, T. M. (2000) Amphibian tales. Nature Watch, 8 (4), 2 - 8.","Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Baker, N. (2013 a) Blue-spotted bush frog at Nee Soon swamp-forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 20.","Dehling, J. M. (2015) A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Gunung Kinabalu, Borneo. Salamandra, 51 (1), 1 - 11.","Lim, K. K. P. & Yang, C. M. (1991) An annotated checklist of the amphibians of Singapore, with emphasis on material in the Zoological Reference Collection. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 39 (1), 215 - 233.","Baker, N. & Lim, K. P. (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Draco Publishing and Distribution, Singapore, 180 pp.","Baker, N. & Lim, K. P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp.","Jiang, D., Jiang, K., Ren, J., Wu, J. & Li, J. (2019) Resurrection of the genus Leptomantis, with description of a new genus to the family Rhacophoridae (Amphibia: Anura). Asian Herpetological Research, 10, 1 - 12.","Chan, K. O., Grismer, L. L. & Brown, R. M. (2018) Comprehensive multi-locus phylogeny of Old World tree frogs (Anura: Rhacophoridae) reveals taxonomic uncertainties and potential cases of over- and underestimation of species diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 127, 1010 - 1019. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.07.005","Boulenger, G. A. (1882 b) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia. s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. 2 nd Edition. Taylor and Francis, London, xvi + 503 pp., 30 pls."]}
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- 2023
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48. Description of a new Kurixalus species (Rhacophoridae, Anura) and a northwards range extension of the genus
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Kevin R. Messenger, Siti N. Othman, Ming-Feng Chuang, Yi Yang, and Amaël Borzée
- Subjects
species description ,China ,Arthropoda ,Morulininae ,Neanurinae ,Bush frog ,Asteraceae ,Amphibia ,Neanuridae ,Magnoliopsida ,taxonomy ,Kurixalus ,Morulina ,Animalia ,Chordata ,Plantae ,East Asia ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Neanuroidea ,Rhacophoridae ,Asterales ,Neanura ,Biota ,Poduromorpha ,Arctium ,Tracheophyta ,Rhacophorid ,Carduoideae ,Collembola ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Anura ,Rhacophorinae - Abstract
Knowledge of biodiversity before species become extinct is paramount to conservation, especially when the relevant species are far from their expected distribution and, thus, likely overlooked. Here, we describe a new Kurixalus species corresponding to a range extension of Kurixalus on the Asian mainland, with the closest population in Taiwan. The species diverged from its closest relative during the Late Pliocene to Pleistocene, ca. 3.06 Mya (HPD 95%: 5.82-0.01), based on calibrations with a relaxed clock species tree of unlinked mtDNA 12S rRNA and nuclear DNA TYR. The status of the newly-described species is also supported by a divergence in call properties and morphometrics. We named the species described here as Kurixalus inexpectatus sp. nov. due to the nature of the discovery, as well as the adjunct distribution of the species relative to its closest congeners. The species was found in Zhejiang Province and it represents a range extension of 663 km for the Kurixalus genus.
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- 2022
49. Reproduction and metamorphosis in the Myristica Swamp tree frog, Mercurana myristicapalustris (Anura: Rhacophoridae)
- Author
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Robin Kurian Abraham, Jobin Kuruvilla Mathew, David Valiaparampil Raju, Ramprasad Rao, and Anil Zachariah
- Subjects
India ,Amphibia ,Rhacophoridae ,Reproductive mode ,Myristica swamp ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The reproductive biology of the Myristica Swamp tree frog (Mercurana myristicapalustris), a monotypic rhacophorid frog endemic to the foothills of the Western Ghats mountains of India, has remained unknown since the description of the genus and species. We monitored individuals from parental generation amplexus to the completion of offspring generation tadpole metamorphosis. Surprisingly, our observations revealed that this species exhibits many previously unknown characteristics, including the first ever record of the female, and a diverse call repertoire, consisting of five different call types (the functions of which remain incompletely known). We were also able to determine that reproductive activity peaked during the late pre-monsoon season, that males engaged in intraspecific aggressive encounters to occupy and to defend desirable territories, and that oviposition took place in terrestrial nests made by females. Embryonic development in the unattended nest was followed by tadpole development, which concluded within 40 days. The specific breeding mode employed by Mercurana, which restricts its range to the endangered Myristica swamp ecosystem, likely renders it susceptible to multiple threats, which should be considered jointly in future conservation planning.
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- 2018
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50. The revised complete mitogenome sequence of the tree frog Polypedates megacephalus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) by next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.
- Author
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An Huang, Shuo Liu, Haijun Li, Hongdi Luo, Qingyong Ni, Yongfang Yao, Huailiang Xu, Bo Zeng, Ying Li, Zhimin Wei, Song Li, and Mingwang Zhang
- Subjects
HYLIDAE ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,RHACOPHORIDAE ,ANURA ,SEQUENCE analysis ,NEXT generation networks ,PERCIFORMES - Abstract
The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of the tree frog Polypedates megacephalus (16,473 bp) was previously reported as having the unusual characteristic of lacking the ND5 gene. In this study, a new mitogenome of P. megacephalus (19,952 bp) was resequenced using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) and standard Sanger sequencing technologies. It was discovered that the ND5 gene was not lost but translocated to the control region (CR) from its canonical location between the ND4 and ND6 genes. In addition, a duplicated control region was found in the new mitogenome of this species. Conservative region identification of the ND5 gene and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the ND5 gene was located between two control regions. The phylogenetic relationship among 20 related species of anura revealed a rearrangement of the ND5 gene during the evolutionary process. These results also highlighted the advantages of next-generation sequencing. It will not only decrease the time and cost of sequencing, but also will eliminate the errors in published mitogenome databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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