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Copyright of Mediterranea - Ricerche Storiche is the property of Mediterranea-Ricerche Storiche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores a phenomenon that has been shown to adversely affect managers' decisions--competitive irrationality. Managers are irrationally competitive in their decisions when they focus on damaging the profits of competitors, rather than improving their own profit performance. Studies by Armstrong and Collopy (1996) and Griffith and Rust (1997) suggest that the phenomenon is common but not universal. We examine the question of why some individuals exhibit competitive irrationality when making decisions, while others do not by focusing on four aspects of moral philosophy--deontological orientation, cognitive moral development, idealism, and relativism. Results suggest that individuals high in deontological orientation, high in cognitive moral development, high in idealism, and low in relativism will be less competitively irrational than those who are not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the perceptions of familiar advertising controversies that are obtained from a diverse sample of 292 consumers. Topics from two broad categories of advertising practices are investigated: targeting practices and message strategies. For each topic, consumer perceptions are analyzed as a function of the participants' moral ideologies of idealism and relativism, dimensions obtained from the Ethics Position Questionnaire. Results show that consumers believe advertising often violates broad ethical norms. In addition, the degree to which consumers judge advertising as ethical or unethical varies as a function of their relativism and idealism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Church architecture is commonly a tactile expression of theology, revealing to us who we are, what we believe and how we practise Christianity. While the content of the Gospel message is significantly more important than church architecture, we nevertheless ought to work towards an architecture that creatively and meaningfully expresses Biblical Christianity, its faith, theology and praxis. In this paper I argue that most contemporary mega church architecture is unfortunately an expression of consumer-capitalist ideology, and fails to contrast itself as 'other', by aligning itself with secular architectural typologies. These generally govern the form, space and aesthetics of the contemporary mega church. It is argued that contrary to good architectural design theory, the mega church building all too often is a form that does not follow function, but is rather a manifestation of consumerism and capitalism. And while this manifestation of ideology is arguably noble, because of its apparent evangelistic objective, I demonstrate that this is problematic on several accounts, ultimately offering an inversion of authentic Christian community. The paper then endeavours to offer countercultural ideologies from Scripture that are often in contrast to the ideologies of the mega church and its Christianity. Some of these Biblical ideologies and other ideas are then developed into features that might inform any church architecture. It is hoped that further reflection on this topic would encourage a Biblical theology and spirituality that leads to world-class church design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jacques Rivette's Paris nous appartient (1961) is about a literature student, Anne Goupil, who becomes involved with a group of bohemians centering around the absent figure of Spanish musician, Juan. The film incorporates the attempt by theatre director Gerard Lenz - in many ways a simulacrum of Rivette himself - to stage Pericles, even though this is a play that he himself defines as "incoherent" and "unplayable." This essay explores the significance of this incorporation, and shows how the reiterated, fragmentary rehearsals of this "unplayable" play are essential to an understanding of the (disjointed) logic of the film as well as the atmosphere of conspiracy it continually evokes. It also argues that the "Shakespeare" included in the film is an "exilic Shakespeare" that does not properly belong, a kind of spectre haunting the film characters. This construct uneasily coexists with a version of "Shakespeare" that the film simultaneously emphasizes - a "Shakespeare" that takes place "on another level" (in Anne's words), an idyllic and idealistic entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Philosophy and practical life are two different things. Philosophy is a theoretical in nature, while practical life covering all types of human actions and is bound by space, time and matter. Philosophy emphasizes analytical thinking, idealistic, holistic, comprehensive and practical. When all of these aspects compared, it looks different and has no relation. However, the reality of life illustrates that practical life mostly depends on philosophical commentaries and conclusion on any area of life. This article will prove the close relationship between these two things and its benefits to mankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accepting much of the internal logic of Lee's argument, I consider the wider conditions and logics in play such that education as a human right can be comprehended, debated, and ultimately defended and supported in the 21stcentury. I suggest that despite the idealist rhetoric of UN discourse that operated in Lee's conception of education as a human right, providing (Western) schooling to improve the lives of marginalized individuals in developing-world contexts should be understood as the consolation prize rather than represent an idealized/naturalized education that can innocently transcend the logic of underdevelopment and performativity shaping education's current manifestations in developing-world contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the peak and decline in interest in international small arms control during the trans-First World War period. It traces this process from the 1908 Brussels Conference, through the 1919 St-Germain Convention to the 1925 Geneva Convention, with the coda of the 1935 Royal Commission on the Manufacture of and Trade in Armaments. The research identifies the pivotal role of the 1917 Islington Committee. The article argues that realist and idealist small arms controllers have fundamentally different objectives: practical small arms control has tended to be a realist concern, whereas small arms campaigns are, for idealists, a lever to achieve wider goals. The history of small arms control provides a point of entry into understanding the cycles of international politics. The renaissance of interest in small arms control, the article suggests, is the mirror image of the decline in emphasis during the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Similar events in Hafiz's and Keats's lives and eras make the poets comparable. A comparative study of Hafiz's sonnet 279 and Keats's less-referred-to "Happy is England" shows the two poets' conservatively poetic attempt to find a way of living with the uncertainties of the tumultuous eras they lived in. The authors have tried to show that Hafiz and Keats were obsessed with the harsh realities of their times, and the mystic or idealistic qualities of their poems do not signify escape from those realities. The so-called 'negative capability' mode of the two sonnets was an attempt to simultaneously experience beauty as poets and create the capacity to live with uncertainties as products of disturbed historical periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights on Tim Stark, a former consultant who left his job to work as a tomato farmer. The author says that Stark, founder of Eckerton Hill Farm, had experienced several problems in the first ten years which he illustrated in his book. However, it says that the farmer had been able to succeed what some idealists have failed to do. The author narrates his accompaniment of Stark during the delivery of tomatoes at a market in New York City in September 2010.

Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prompted by the thesis that an organism's umwelt possesses not just a descriptive dimension, but a normative one as well, some have sought to annex semiotics with ethics. Yet the pronouncements made in this vein have consisted mainly in rehearsing accepted moral intuitions, and have failed to concretely further our knowledge of why or how a creature comes to order objects in its environment in accordance with axiological charges of value or disvalue. For want of a more explicit account, theorists writing on the topic have relied almost exclusively on semiotic insights about perception originally designed as part of a sophisticated refutation of idealism. The end result, which has been a form of direct givenness, has thus been far from convincing. In an effort to bring substance to the right-headed suggestion that values are rooted in the biological and conform to species-specific requirements, we present a novel conception that strives to make explicit the elemental structure underlying umwelt normativity. Building and expanding on the seminal work of Ayn Rand in metaethics, we describe values as an intertwined lattice which takes a creature's own embodied life as its ultimate standard; and endeavour to show how, from this, all subsequent valuations can in principle be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyses the role of satisfaction in the formation of customer loyalty. It identifies the most relevant antecedents of satisfaction, and determines their influence on loyalty through judgments of satisfaction, performance, and disconfirmation. It distinguishes between an attitude of loyalty, positive and negative intentions, and behavioural loyalty or effective purchasing. It studies a sample of purchases in retail clothing and food establishments, using the methodology of the mediator effect. The result of the regressions show that satisfaction is a mediating element between the effects of performance and disconfirmation on positive intentions, and between the effect of performance on berhavioural loyalty. No relationship was found between satisfaction and negative intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study had three main aims: (a) to know to what extend the human values are correlated with desirable attributes of an ideal partner; (b) to identify what attributes could be considered most important for an ideal partner; and (c) to assess if the importance assigned to such desirable attributes vary according to participants' gender. Four hundred twenty one people of general population from João Pessoa-PB took part in the study with mean age of 25.9 years old. Most of them were female (56.8%), single (70.5%), and with undergraduate degree (65.4%). They answered the Attributes of Ideal Partner Scale, the Basic Value Survey and demographic questions. Results indicated that a consistent set of value subfunctions were correlated with the desirable attributes of an ideal partner (e.g. the subfunctions excitement and normative were correlated with athletic and traditional dimensions, respectively). On the other hand, it was observed the role of participants' gender in differentiating the importance assigned to desirable attributes; the men appreciated more the athletic attribute, and the women did with respect to the sociable attribute. These findings were discussed based on previous research about the importance that men and women give to desirable attributes of ideal partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mediacoes is the property of Universidade Estadual de Londrina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses Norman O. Brown's criticism on John Cage. Brown is Cage's best critic appreciating Cage's work as thorny, difficult, complicated and controversial. Brown makes Cage's work interesting, creating tension between his work and the listeners' expectations. Cage was an idealist betraying his belief in a tendency toward the good and Brown was a realist impressed with the human capacity for unlimited destructiveness.

The years between 1880 and 1970 saw a great deal of discussion of social policy issues, including the circumstances of elderly people. Whilst considerable attention has been paid to proposals for old-age pensions, little has been said on ideas of care and the social theory which nourished them. This article discusses the views on care of Herbert Spencer, and those expressed in the majority and minority reports of the Royal Commission on the poor laws of 1909, conventionally described as representing the views of the Bosanquets and the Webbs repectively. Spencer's concern with 'filial obligation' is examined, and the differing emphases on institutional care and compulsion between the Bosanquets and the Webbs are discussed. The theoretical and conceptual roots of these position are analysed, drawing on recent work which suggests that whereas Spencer's thought is non-idealist, that of the others is fundamentally idealist, with agreement over social ends, but not eh means to their realization. The article clarifies key divergences in social and political principles in thinking about care for older people, with relevence to present-day circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationships between self-ratings and expectations of an ideal U.S. president, were studied in 43 men drawn from a university setting in the eastern coast of the U.S.A. The men first rated themselves on personality variables, life choices (agentic and communal), peacefulness, spirituality, and morality. Then they were presented with a vignette requesting that they describe an ideal U.S. president on inventories measuring personality variables, life choices, peacefulness, spirituality, and morality. For the rating of the ideal U.S. president, they also were asked to respond to a 20 item questionnaire that was a composite of several factors on organization and leadership, morality, spirituality, and peacefulness. The respondents belonged to one of seven different political persuasions, similar in some ways to different cultures. Self-ratings of the men and expectations of the president were highly correlated for extraversion, openness, trait morality, agentic and communal life choices. However, no significant correlations were found between the self-ratings and expectations of the president for neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, peacefulness, nor state morality. The men were also presented with vignettes for the ideal physician and ideal automechanic and asked to rate each of them on the inventory items. Overall, the U.S. president was rated as more neurotic and immoral in terms of ingrained ideas of right and wrong, but also as more caring for others, transcendent, seeking goodness and truth, forgiving, cooperative, and most concerned with matters of justice and mercy, and more concerned with both agentic (power-seeking) and communal (community-minded) life choices than were either the ideal physician or ideal automechanic. The ideal physician was rated as highest in extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and overall peacefulness, and lowest in neuroticism. The ideal automechanic was rated as highest in state or situational immorality, and lowest in both agentic (power-seeking, business-mindedness) and communal (community-mindedness) life choices, and also lowest in caring for others well-being, transcendence, seeking goodness and truth, forgiveness and cooperation, being concerned with justice and mercy, overall expectations, overall spirituality, and overall organization and leadership. In general, the self-ratings were significantly related to rating/expectations, of the U.S. President, ideal physician, and ideal automechanic. The men seemed to identify more with the automechanic than with the present or physician. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this present research is to expand upon the foundation that codes of ethics are more useful guides to managers in their behavior and decision-making when managers are more familiar with code content and intentions. We explore whether the impact of code familiarity on code usefulness differs: (a) under varying conditions of turbulence and (b) between persons with relativist versus idealist personal values. Data have been collected from a sample of 1700 executives in member companies of the U.S. Direct Selling Association, and responses were received from 286 (16.8% returned). Perceptions of ethics code familiarity and usefulness decline as business turbulence increases. The decline in familiarity/usefulness was more pronounced for managers with a relativistic ethical orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the role of international idealism in shaping the principles of national behavior. Influence a nation to act with greater justice; Distribution of power, economic and political interests; Significance in international peace and stability.

The article discusses the linguistic and phenomenological contributions to theory of culture. The status of the concept of the culture in the social sciences is far from clear. In discussions of the concept there is general agreement on its symbolic character and cognitive function. With regard to the contribution of culture to the organization of social life, especially in comparison to non-symbolic factors, there are many different accounts, ranging from those which stress that symbolic functions directly and significantly affect the structure of society, to those which attribute a minor, even derivative, influence to symbolic functions. The article argues that the major theories of culture and symbols too narrowly construe symbols by considering them only as conceptual phenomena, in so doing they disregard the evidence for the perceptual locus of symbols, as phenomena of experience. The article also discusses the crisis of modern culture. According to the article in societies where crises of modern culture have reached an advanced stage individuals often seek to retrieve symbolic experience of moral values and social virtues by intensifying their participation in personal relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on literary critic Peter Szondi's hermeneutics in contemporary German literary studies. What people know of Szondi's interpretations of German romantic genre theory is certainly less here in the United States than in Europe, for they are scarcely known at all. They can be summarized as arguing for a progressive development of the poetics of genre, from their beginnings in Plato and Aristotle to German idealism. Noting Szondi's predilection for the use of prefigural terms Vorbereitung, Vorstute, Vorwegnahme, predestination--one might ask whether his "dialectic" of the history of German romantic genre theory. Thus methodological construclion takes on its own aesthetic characteristics as Szondi portrays the history of German romantic genre poetics very much like a single literary work of art. Szondi could only give his interpretation of the history of German idealist aesthetics, prefiguration and fulfillment, but also an aesthetic construction of form and content, of historical or material appearance and systematic essence--to the extent that, like the work of art in a classical understanding, it displays a final architectonics.

The article discusses the architectural aesthetics through its function and form. It is said that architecture has been poorly served by philosophical aesthetics. The eighteenth century, which invented both the category of the aesthetic and the modern classification of the arts transformed architecture from the ranks of the decorative to those of the fine arts. It is said however that German idealist reversed the concept and emphasized architecture's infirmities. They operated with the notion of utility or function of a certain architectural design.

The article presents a study of the life and career of John Morgan, a newspaper editor and political activist during the Australian colonial period. Morgan is described as an odd and unsettled character who was a government storekeeper at Swan River, a Police Magistrate, a Commissioner for the Court of Requests and Coroner for the District of Richmond in Van Dieman's Land, Northern Territory. His eventual shift away from his early radical idealism is assessed. His stance on personal liberty, private property, and equality is examined.

This study attempted to determine whether ideal mate images actually influence mate selection. The mate perceptions of 90 engaged persons were compared with the ideal mate conceptions of single, unengaged persons precision-matched to the engaged individuals on personality characteristics. Analysis of personality and perception correlation matrices lead to the observation that mate perceptions of engaged persons, although highly inaccurate, bear little resemblance to the ideal mate conceptions of unengaged single persons. The mate actually selected has different personality relationships to the self than the ideal mate has, and is perceived as having different relationships to the self than are conceived between the ideal mate and the self. It is concluded that the ideal mate images are therefore probably of little importance in mate selection; neither are they a salient feature in the perception of the selected mate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the life of Franklin Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States, as an American idealist. He describes the works of Roosevelt and explains why he called the former President as an idealist in dealing with political crisis and in implementing political reforms. The author also considers former President Roosevelt's weaknesses and the mistakes that he made as an American leader.

The author reflects on the characters of an idealist and its effect on the people around him. The author narrates the story of a hammer man who died and was honored by people condemning him. He points that visionary often forgets that the world is made of few people who think. He describes his proposal for self-improvement which will eliminate negative characters but will preserve the individual's ego. He discusses the methods on how to assert, please, and strengthen the ego.

The article discusses listening traits in human. It states that listening in eager silence is a sign of great forbearance and maturity. It mentions that wise man listening in silence says more than the endlessly talking simpleton. Human should remain silent, to increase the likelihood of hearing something advantageous, something that might bring personal benefit to himself. It mentions that one sometimes remains silent because one has nothing to say. Some interrupt their flow of words because their rare flashes of silence might bring wonderment and amusement to others. Listening can be conventional especially when enhanced by periodic head nods and barely audible sounds of approval.Listening is not the same as not speaking.

The article discusses the emotional relationship between doctors and patients. It states that a physician should be kind, nice and sensitive towards his patient. The middle aged and older men should feel comfortable sharing their feeling with the doctor. The doctor should be able to provide succor. He should be humorous, warm hearted and caring. It states that some patients feel they need an authority figure to lead them and some want a sympathetic shoulder to lean on. Too much technical or formal would not provide psychological support. Personal limitations of the doctor would limit the patients too.

The article reports on the Fortieth Anniversary of D. C. Heath and Company. Daniel Collamore Heath was the founder of the company and the company embodies the personality of Heath. Heath was a conscientious idealist and his mentality was integrated into the company. William E. Pulsifer joined the company four years after its opening.

The article profiles Calvin N. Kendall, New Jersey's Commissioner of Education. Kendall is considered as one of the most competent leaders in the profession, one of honorable men, and one of the real masters in practical school work, as well as an ideal idealist. He has been a distinguished superintendent in one of the leading cities in New England, in Middle West, and an outstanding figure among State Commissioners in New Jersey.