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Abstract In this manuscript, we introduce a new class of uniformly L-Lipschitzian and total asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings, which is significantly more general than many known nonexpansive mappings that appeared before. We establish some convergence and Δ-convergence theorems for two infinite families of such mappings in the setting of CAT(κ) spaces. Our results refine, generalize, and improve several corresponding results in the existing literature.

Abstract Purpose The analysis of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) molecular properties is of relevance to drug design, as they directly influence the drug’s effectiveness at its target location. This study concerns their prediction, using explainable Machine Learning (ML) models. The aim of the study is to find which molecular features are relevant to the prediction of the different ADME properties and measure their impact on the predictive model. Methods The relative relevance of individual features for ADME activity is gauged by estimating feature importance in ML models’ predictions. Feature importance is calculated using feature permutation and the individual impact of features is measured by SHAP additive explanations. Results The study reveals the relevance of specific molecular descriptors for each ADME property and quantifies their impact on the ADME property prediction. Conclusion The reported research illustrates how explainable ML models can provide detailed insights about the individual contributions of molecular features to the final prediction of an ADME property, as an effort to support experts in the process of drug candidate selection through a better understanding of the impact of molecular features.

This research undertakes an exhaustive exploration of the Auto Machine Learning-based approach (AutoML) to ascertain the source printer for microscopic printed image forensics. The primary focus is on enhancing precision and efficacy in a scenario with limited sample data, achieved by integrating traditional image processing methods with diverse AutoML representatives. The investigation involves a meticulous evaluation and comparative analysis of classical Machine Learning (ML) models and AutoML models in microscopic printed image forensics. Through extensive experiments, we highlight the inherent limitations of traditional models and underscore the compelling advantages offered by AutoML. Notably, we recognize AutoML’s unique capability to discern varying degrees of uncertainty within printed patterns. The outcomes emphasize the prowess of Auto Machine Learning in improving the accuracy of printed image forensics, making it particularly promising for future research, especially given the tabular nature of the data and the imperative for a lightweight model suitable for embedded systems.

Polysaccharides are a class of natural macromolecular polymers with complex and large molecular structures, which are closely related to their biological activities. However, traditional analytical methods can only provide limited information on the structures of polysaccharides. Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical method that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of molecules allowing for determination of the mass and calculation of the the molecular structure. As a powerful tool for polysaccharide structure analysis, MS can provide rich information, including molecular mass, polymerization degree, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond type, the order of arrangement of glycosyl groups, and substituent group sites, which has unique advantages in the characterization of polysaccharide structure. This paper summarizes the general pattern of mass spectral fragmentation of polysaccharides, introduces the principles and characteristics of different types of MS as well as representative applications of MS combined with electron ionization source, fast atom bombardment source, electrospray ionization source, matrix-assisted laser desorption ion source, real-time direct analysis source, ion mobility or tandem mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of polysaccharides. Furthermore, future prospects for the application of new MS techniques for analyzing the structures of polysaccharides are discussed. The aim of this paper is to summarize the application of MS to provide scientific reference for the basic research work of polysaccharide compounds, such as quality standard, structural characterization, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic, constitutive relationship, and the development and creation of polysaccharide food, health food, and clinical drugs.

In the present study, we investigate the existence of the normalized solutions to Sobolev critical fractional Schrödinger equation: (−Δ)su+λu=f(u)+∣u∣2s*−2u,inRN,(Pm)∫RN∣u∣2dx=m2,\hspace{14em}\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\left(-\Delta )}^{s}u+\lambda u=f\left(u)+{| u| }^{{2}_{s}^{* }-2}u,\hspace{1.0em}& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\hspace{12em}\left({P}_{m})\\ \mathop{\displaystyle \int }\limits_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}}{| u| }^{2}{\rm{d}}x={m}^{2},\hspace{1.0em}\end{array}\right. where 00m\gt 0, 2s*≔2NN−2s{2}_{s}^{* }:= \frac{2N}{N-2s}, λ\lambda is an unknown parameter that will appear as a Lagrange multiplier, and ff is a mass supercritical and Sobolev subcritical nonlinearity. Under fairly general assumptions about ff, with the aid of the Pohozaev manifold and concentration-compactness principle, we obtain a couple of the normalized solution to (Pm)\left({P}_{m}). We mainly extend the results of Appolloni and Secchi (Normalized solutions for the fractional NLS with mass supercritical nonlinearity, J. Differential Equations 286 (2021), 248–283) concerning the above problem from Sobolev subcritical setting to Sobolev critical setting, and also extend the results of Jeanjean and Lu (A mass supercritical problem revisited, Calc. Var. 59 (2020), 174) from classical Schrödinger equation to fractional Schrödinger equation involving Sobolev critical growth. More importantly, our result settles an open problem raised by Soave (Normalized ground states for the NLS equation with combined nonlinearities: The Sobolev critical case, J. Funct. Anal. 279 (2020), 108610), when s=1s=1.

Abstract In this article, we focus on studying the Duffing problem with the time delay of pantograph type via the Hilfer fractional derivatives on the infinite interval ( 0 , ∞ ) $(0,\infty )$ . An appropriate Banach space supported with the Bielecki norm in the Mittag–Leffler function sense is introduced for new and convenient analysis. The existence and uniqueness ( E & U $\mathbf{E\&U}$ ) of the solutions are proved by utilizing the classical fixed point theorems (FPT s). Moreover, the Hyers–Ulam (HU) stability is discussed for our Hilfer fractional Duffing pantograph system (HFDPS). Ultimately, our results are enhanced by providing numerical examples with graphics simulations to check the validity of the main outcomes.

Abstract In this paper, we deal with an attraction–repulsion model with a logistic source as follows: { u t = Δ u − χ ∇ ⋅ ( u ∇ v ) + ξ ∇ ⋅ ( u ∇ w ) + μ u q ( 1 − u ) in Q , v t = Δ v − α 1 v + β 1 u in Q , w t = Δ w − α 2 w + β 2 u in Q , $$\begin{aligned} \textstyle\begin{cases} {u_{t}} = \Delta u - \chi \nabla \cdot (u \nabla v) + \xi \nabla \cdot (u \nabla w) + \mu {u^{q}}(1 - u) &\text{in } Q , \\ {v_{t}} = \Delta v - {\alpha _{1}}v + {\beta _{1}}u &\text{in } Q , \\ {w_{t}} = \Delta w - {\alpha _{2}}w + {\beta _{2}}u & \text{in } Q , \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$$ where Q = Ω × R + $Q = \Omega \times {\mathbb{R}^{+} }$ , Ω ⊂ R 3 $\Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}^{3}}$ is a bounded domain. We mainly focus on the influence of logistic damping on the global solvability of this model. In dimension 2, q can be equal to 1 (Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 39(2):289–301, 2016). In dimension 3, we derive that the problem admits a global bounded solution when q > 8 7 $q>\frac{8}{7}$ . In fact, we transfer the difficulty of estimation to the logistic term through iterative methods, thus, compared to the results in (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2:448 2017; Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 73(2):1–25 2022) in dimension 3, our results do not require any restrictions on the coefficients.

Abstract This paper uses the Galerkin method to investigate the existence of positive solution to a class of singular elliptic problems given by { − Δ u = λ 0 u β 0 + Λ 0 | ∇ u | γ 0 + f 0 ( u ) | x | α 0 + h 0 ( x ) , u > 0 in Ω , u = 0 on ∂ Ω , $$\begin{aligned} \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta u= \displaystyle \frac {\lambda _{0}}{u^{\beta _{0}}} + \Lambda _{0} |\nabla u|^{\gamma _{0}}+ \frac{f_{0}(u)}{|x|^{\alpha _{0}}}+ h_{0}(x), \ \ u>0 \ \ \text{in} \ \Omega , \\ u=0 \ \text{on} \ \ \partial \Omega , \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$$ where Ω ⊂ R 2 $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{2}$ is a bounded smooth domain, 0 < β 0 $0 0 $\overline{\Upsilon}>0$ .

Abstract As delays are common, persistent, and ingrained in daily life, it is imperative to take them into account. In this work, we explore the averaging principle for impulsive Atangana–Baleanu fractional stochastic delay differential equations driven by Lévy noise. The link between the averaged equation solutions and the equivalent solutions of the original equations is shown in the sense of mean square. To achieve the intended outcomes, fractional calculus, semigroup properties, and stochastic analysis theory are used. We also provide an example to demonstrate the practicality and relevance of our research.

Abstract In the present article, we have introduced the notions of γ-admissibility for the pair of q-ROF set-valued maps and admissible hybrid q-ROF Z $\mathcal{Z}$ -contraction. Notions introduced in the article generalizes the existing concepts in fuzzy literature. Common fixed point result for a pair of γ-admissible q-ROF mappings in b-metric spaces utilizing the introduced contraction is presented. A nontrivial example to support the obtained results is also included. As an application, we have discussed the existence of solution of system of non-linear n-th order differential inclusions with non-local and integral boundary conditions.

Abstract We consider two algorithms for the resolution of the time-dependent Stokes problem with nonstandard boundary conditions by the domain-decomposition spectral-element method. The first algorithm (Elimination method) is based on the Uzawa method by decoupling the linear system, while the second algorithm (Global inversion) is based on the overall resolution of the system by the GMRES method. A detailed implementation is proposed and some numerical tests are carried out in two and three dimensions and where the domain is multiply connected.

Abstract In this paper, we examine the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a system of the first-order q-difference equations with multi-point and q-integral boundary conditions using various fixed point (fp) theorems. Also, we give two examples to support our results.

Abstract In this paper, the coupled system of sequential ψ-Hilfer fractional boundary value problems with non-instantaneous impulses is investigated. The existence results of the system are proved by means of topological degree theory. An example is constructed to demonstrate our results. Additionally, a graphical analysis is performed to verify our results.

In this article, we consider the double-phase problem with nonlocal reaction. For the autonomous case, we introduce the methods of the Pohozaev manifold, Hardy-Littlewood Sobolev subcritical approximation, adding the mass term to prove the existence and nonexistence of normalized solutions to this problem. For the nonautonomous case, we show the existence of normalized solutions to the double-phase problem by using the Pohozaev restrict method and describing the relationship between the energy of this problem and its limit problem. Moreover, we study the existence of normalized solutions to the double-phase problem involving double Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev critical exponents.

Abstract Background Camostat mesylate, an oral serine protease inhibitor, is a powerful TMPRSS2 inhibitor and has been reported as a possible antiviral treatment against COVID-19. Therefore, we aim to assess the safety and efficacy of camostat mesylate for COVID-19 treatment. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, clinical trials.gov, and medrxiv until June 2023. The outcomes were pooled using Mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes and risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO with ID CRD42023439633. Results Nine RCTs, including 1,623 patients, were included in this analysis. There was no difference between camostat mesylate and placebo in producing negative PCR test results at 1–7 days (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: [0.54, 1.06] P = 0.1), 8–14 days (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: [0.84, 1.23] P = 0.87), or 15–21 days (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: [0.82, 1.19] P = 0.90); clinical resolution of symptoms at 1–7 days (RR: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.58, 1.53) P = 0.81), 8–14 days (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: [0.74, 1.11] P = 0.33, ), or 15–21 days (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: [0.40, 1.51] P = 0.45); and time to symptom improvement (MD:-0.38 weeks (95% CI: [-1.42, 0.66] P = 0.47, I2 = 85%). Conclusion Camostat mesylate did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19, compared to placebo.

Abstract Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies can provide essential information on abuse liability of nicotine and tobacco products but are intrusive and must be conducted in a clinical environment. The objective of the study was to explore whether changes in plasma nicotine levels following use of an e-cigarette can be predicted from real time monitoring of physiological parameters and mouth level exposure (MLE) to nicotine before, during, and after e-cigarette vaping, using wearable devices. Such an approach would allow an -effective pre-screening process, reducing the number of clinical studies, reducing the number of products to be tested and the number of blood draws required in a clinical PK study Establishing such a prediction model might facilitate the longitudinal collection of data on product use and nicotine expression among consumers using nicotine products in their normal environments, thereby reducing the need for intrusive clinical studies while generating PK data related to product use in the real world. An exploratory machine learning model was developed to predict changes in plasma nicotine levels following the use of an e-cigarette; from real time monitoring of physiological parameters and MLE to nicotine before, during, and after e-cigarette vaping. This preliminary study identified key parameters, such as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and physiological stress (PS) that may act as predictors for an individual’s plasma nicotine response (PK curve). Relative to baseline measurements (per participant), HR showed a significant increase for nicotine containing e-liquids and was consistent across sessions (intra-participant). Imputing missing values and training the model on all data resulted in 57% improvement from the original’learning’ data and achieved a median validation R2 of 0.70. The study is in its exploratory phase, with limitations including a small and non-diverse sample size and reliance on data from a single e-cigarette product. These findings necessitate further research for validation and to enhance the model's generalisability and applicability in real-world settings. This study serves as a foundational step towards developing non-intrusive PK models for nicotine product use.

Abstract Background Patients with chronic conditions need multiple medications daily to manage their condition. However, most patients have poor compliance, which affects the effectiveness of treatment. To address these challenges, we establish a medication reminder system for the intelligent generation of universal medication schedule (UMS) to remind patients with chronic diseases to take medication accurately and to improve safety of home medication. Methods To design medication time constraint with one drug (MTCOD) for each drug and medication time constraint with multi-drug (MTCMD) for each two drugs in order to better regulate the interval and time of patients’ medication. Establishment of a medication reminder system consisting of a cloud database of drug information, an operator terminal for medical staff and a patient terminal. Results The cloud database has a total of 153,916 pharmaceutical products, 496,708 drug interaction data, and 153,390 pharmaceutical product-ingredient pairs. The MTCOD data was 153,916, and the MTCMD data was 8,552,712. An intelligent UMS medication reminder system was constructed. The system can read the prescription information of patients and provide personalized medication guidance with medication timeline for chronic patients. At the same time, patients can query medication information and get remote pharmacy guidance in real time. Conclusions Overall, the medication reminder system provides intelligent medication reminders, automatic drug interaction identification, and monitoring system, which is helpful to monitor the entire process of treatment in patients with chronic diseases.

Abstract Background The use of machine learning in medical diagnosis and treatment has grown significantly in recent years with the development of computer-aided diagnosis systems, often based on annotated medical radiology images. However, the lack of large annotated image datasets remains a major obstacle, as the annotation process is time-consuming and costly. This study aims to overcome this challenge by proposing an automated method for annotating a large database of medical radiology images based on their semantic similarity. Results An automated, unsupervised approach is used to create a large annotated dataset of medical radiology images originating from the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Croatia. The pipeline is built by data-mining three different types of medical data: images, DICOM metadata and narrative diagnoses. The optimal feature extractors are then integrated into a multimodal representation, which is then clustered to create an automated pipeline for labelling a precursor dataset of 1,337,926 medical images into 50 clusters of visually similar images. The quality of the clusters is assessed by examining their homogeneity and mutual information, taking into account the anatomical region and modality representation. Conclusions The results indicate that fusing the embeddings of all three data sources together provides the best results for the task of unsupervised clustering of large-scale medical data and leads to the most concise clusters. Hence, this work marks the initial step towards building a much larger and more fine-grained annotated dataset of medical radiology images.

Abstract Background Changing cell-type proportions can confound studies of differential gene expression or DNA methylation (DNAm) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We examined how cell-type proportions derived from the transcriptome versus the methylome (DNAm) influence estimates of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated positions (DMPs). Methods Transcriptome and DNAm data were obtained from PBMC RNA and DNA of Kenyan children (n = 8) before, during, and 6 weeks following uncomplicated malaria. DEGs and DMPs between time points were detected using cell-type adjusted modeling with Cibersortx or IDOL, respectively. Results Most major cell types and principal components had moderate to high correlation between the two deconvolution methods (r = 0.60–0.96). Estimates of cell-type proportions and DEGs or DMPs were largely unaffected by the method, with the greatest discrepancy in the estimation of neutrophils. Conclusion Variation in cell-type proportions is captured similarly by both transcriptomic and methylome deconvolution methods for most major cell types.

Abstract In this paper, the solvability of a new class of nonlocal boundary value problems for the Poisson equation is studied. Nonlocal conditions are specified in the form of a connection between the values of the unknown function at different points of the boundary. In this case, the boundary operator is determined using matrices of involution-type mappings. Theorems on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the studied problems are proved. Using Green’s functions of the classical Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems, Green’s functions of the studied problems are constructed and integral representations of solutions to these problems are obtained.

Abstract In this paper, the existence of positive periodic solutions is studied for Liénard equation with a singularity of repulsive type, x ″ ( t ) + f ( x ( t ) ) x ′ ( t ) + φ ( t ) x μ ( t ) − 1 x γ ( t ) = e ( t ) , $$ x''(t)+f(x(t))x'(t)+\varphi (t)x^{\mu}(t)-\frac{1}{x^{\gamma}(t)}=e(t), $$ where f : ( 0 , + ∞ ) → R $f:(0,+\infty )\rightarrow R$ is continuous, which may have a singularity at the origin, the sign of φ ( t ) $\varphi (t)$ , e ( t ) $e(t)$ is allowed to change, and μ, γ are positive constants. By using a continuation theorem, as well as the techniques of a priori estimates, we show that this equation has a positive T-periodic solution when μ ∈ [ 0 , + ∞ ) $\mu \in [0,+\infty )$ .

Abstract In this work, we use two unique methodologies, the homotopy perturbation transform method and Yang transform decomposition method, to solve the fractional nonlinear seventh-order Kaup–Kupershmidt (KK) problem. The physical phenomena that arise in chemistry, physics, and engineering are mathematically explained in this equation, in particular, nonlinear optics, quantum mechanics, plasma physics, fluid dynamics, and so on. The provided methods are used to solve the fractional nonlinear seventh-order KK problem along with the Yang transform and fractional Caputo derivative. The results are significant and necessary for exploring a range of physical processes. This paper uses modern approaches and the fractional operator to develop satisfactory approximations to the offered problem. To solve the fractional KK equation, we first use the Yang transform and fractional Caputo derivative. He’s and Adomian polynomials are useful to manage nonlinear terms. It is shown that the suggested approximate solution converges to the exact one. In these approaches, the results are calculated as convergent series. The key advantage of the recommended approaches is that they provide highly precise results with little computational work. The suggested approach results are compared to the precise solution. By comparing the outcomes with the precise solution using graphs and tables we can verify the efficacy of the offered strategies. Also, the outcomes of the suggested methods at various fractional orders are examined, demonstrating that the findings get more accurate as the value moves from fractional order to integer order. Moreover, the offered methods are innovative, simple, and quite accurate, demonstrating that they are effective for resolving differential equations.

Abstract This article focuses on studying some fixed-point results via Ϝ-contraction of Hardy–Rogers type in the context of supermetric space and ordered supermetric space. We also introduced rational-type z-contraction on supermetric space. For authenticity, some illustrative examples and applications have been included.

The research is devoted to the estimation the structural complexity of programs. The algorithm of finding cyclomatic routes for program executions is described. By now, two directions of obtaining estimates for the complexity estimates in software modules have been defined: structural and statistical. Both directions connect the value of program complexity with the labor intensity related to their development. The structural complexity of program modules is determined by the number of interacting components, the number and complexity of links between them. The complexity of a program's behavior depends to a large extent on the set of routes through which it is executed. The complexity metric obtained from these positions allows us to determine estimates of the cost of designing the program as a whole, as well as to identify the modules that are likely to contain the most errors, especially the logical ones.

In this article, we are concerned with the nonlinear Schrödinger equation −Δu+λu=μ∣u∣p−2u+f(u),inR2,-\Delta u+\lambda u=\mu {| u| }^{p-2}u+f\left(u),\hspace{1em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{2}, having prescribed mass ∫R2∣u∣2dx=a2>0,\mathop{\int }\limits_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{2}}{| u| }^{2}{\rm{d}}x={a}^{2}\gt 0, where λ\lambda arises as a Lagrange multiplier, μ>0\mu \gt 0, p∈(2,4]p\in \left(2,4], and the nonlinearity f∈C1(R,R)f\in {C}^{1}\left({\mathbb{R}},{\mathbb{R}}) behaves like e4πu2{e}^{4\pi {u}^{2}} as ∣u∣→+∞| u| \to +\infty . For a L2{L}^{2}-critical or L2{L}^{2}-subcritical perturbation μ∣u∣p−2u\mu {| u| }^{p-2}u, we investigate the existence of normalized solutions to the aforementioned problem. Moreover, the limiting profiles of solutions have been considered as μ→0\mu \to 0 or a→0a\to 0. This result can be considered as a supplement to the work of Soave (Normalized ground states for the NLS equation with combined nonlinearities: the Sobolev critical case, J. Funct. Anal. 279 (2020), no. 6, 1–43) and Alves et al. (Normalized solutions for a Schrödinger equation with critical growth in RN{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 61 (2022), no. 1, 1–24).

Abstract Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. A considerable number of DN patients have experienced irreversible end-stage renal disease progression due to the inability to diagnose the disease early. Therefore, reliable biomarkers that are helpful for early diagnosis and treatment are identified. The migration of immune cells to the kidney is considered to be a key step in the progression of DN-related vascular injury. Therefore, finding markers in this process may be more helpful for the early diagnosis and progression prediction of DN. Methods The gene chip data were retrieved from the GEO database using the search term ' diabetic nephropathy ‘. The ' limma ' software package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DN and control samples. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on genes obtained from the molecular characteristic database (MSigDB. The R package ‘WGCNA’ was used to identify gene modules associated with tubulointerstitial injury in DN, and it was crossed with immune-related DEGs to identify target genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on differentially expressed genes using the ‘ClusterProfiler’ software package in R. Three methods, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF), were used to select immune-related biomarkers for diagnosis. We retrieved the tubulointerstitial dataset from the Nephroseq database to construct an external validation dataset. Unsupervised clustering analysis of the expression levels of immune-related biomarkers was performed using the ‘ConsensusClusterPlus ‘R software package. The urine of patients who visited Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from September 2021 to March 2023 was collected, and Elisa was used to detect the mRNA expression level of immune-related biomarkers in urine. Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect the effect of immune-related biomarker expression on renal function in DN patients. Results Four microarray datasets from the GEO database are included in the analysis : GSE30122, GSE47185, GSE99340 and GSE104954. These datasets included 63 DN patients and 55 healthy controls. A total of 9415 genes were detected in the data set. We found 153 differentially expressed immune-related genes, of which 112 genes were up-regulated, 41 genes were down-regulated, and 119 overlapping genes were identified. GO analysis showed that they were involved in various biological processes including leukocyte-mediated immunity. KEGG analysis showed that these target genes were mainly involved in the formation of phagosomes in Staphylococcus aureus infection. Among these 119 overlapping genes, machine learning results identified AGR2, CCR2, CEBPD, CISH, CX3CR1, DEFB1 and FSTL1 as potential tubulointerstitial immune-related biomarkers. External validation suggested that the above markers showed diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing DN patients from healthy controls. Clinical studies have shown that the expression of AGR2, CX3CR1 and FSTL1 in urine samples of DN patients is negatively correlated with GFR, the expression of CX3CR1 and FSTL1 in urine samples of DN is positively correlated with serum creatinine, while the expression of DEFB1 in urine samples of DN is negatively correlated with serum creatinine. In addition, the expression of CX3CR1 in DN urine samples was positively correlated with proteinuria, while the expression of DEFB1 in DN urine samples was negatively correlated with proteinuria. Finally, according to the level of proteinuria, DN patients were divided into nephrotic proteinuria group (n = 24) and subrenal proteinuria group. There were significant differences in urinary AGR2, CCR2 and DEFB1 between the two groups by unpaired t test (P

Abstract In this work, we introduce a novel idea of generalized ( k , ψ ) $({{k}},\psi )$ -Hilfer proportional fractional operators. The proposed operator combines the ( k , ψ ) $({{k}},\psi )$ -Riemann–Liouville and ( k , ψ ) $({{k}},\psi )$ -Caputo proportional fractional operators. Some properties and auxiliary results of the proposed operators are investigated. The ψ-Laplace transform and its properties of the proposed operators are established and utilized to solve Cauchy-type problems. Furthermore, the uniqueness result for a higher-order initial value problem under ( k , ψ ) $({{k}},\psi )$ -Hilfer proportional fractional operators is proved by using Picard’s iterative technique. At the end, examples are provided to present the theoretical results. This new type of proposed operator can help other researchers who are still working on real-world problems.

Abstract This work is devoted to the study of three-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations on unstructured meshes. The approach used is based on separating the convection and diffusion parts. The convective flux is computed using the Godunov method. For the diffusive part, we present a new finite volume scheme. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the developed technique.

Nutritional disorders are problems in the poultry industry. This experiment aimed to study the effect of high doses of soy oil and lysine (Lys) on the liver and Pectoralis muscle (PM) in broiler during the starter period and apply I See Inside (ISI) and semiquantitative methodology, determined the correlation between pathological lesions in both organs and regression assessment for the effects of myopathies on the liver. Forty broilers were divided into T1, receiving basal diet T2 and T3, high additive oil and lysine 4.56 and 1.66% respectively, and T4, which received both high additives; the trial continued for 12 days. The total ISI index for histopathological lesions in the liver and PM was 74 and 41, respectively, represented by vascular, degeneration alteration, and necrosis; ISI assessment revealed highly significant lesions in the liver of all groups in comparison with T1, significance endomias tissue formation in T4 at 4.00, splitting PM fiber in both T3 and T4 1.60, the intermittent muscle fiber of the broiler at same treatments was 1.00, furthermore semi-quantitative analysis investigated significant correlation between infiltration of inflammatory cells with highly significant congestion correlation with necrosis in the liver. In contrast, in the muscle, the necrosis is significantly correlated with hemorrhage in the liver; the regression plot analysis also determined the R2 value for microscopic lesions in the muscle, which affected hepatic tissue. This study concludes that ISI with semi-quantitively analysis is a sound methodology for determining the significant deleterious effects of high doses of oil and lysine in broil ration.

In this study, we developed a non-pneumatic tire (NPT) specifically designed for military vehicles, such as the Humvee. Our aim was to enhance performance on challenging terrains crucial for mission success. We selected a novel X-shaped polygonal structure for the spoke design owing its exceptional load-carrying capacity and durability. The equivalent modulus, which is the key factor in spoke design, was analytically derived and formulated. This calculated modulus served as a benchmark for achieving the desired vertical stiffness of the NPT. We manufactured a prototype NPT and evaluated its mechanical properties by using a polyurethane (PU) spoke structure. Multiple finite element models of the novel NPT, considering different parameters such as the number of spoke sections, thickness, and modulus of elasticity, were developed while maintaining a consistent equivalent modulus value. Dynamic finite element analysis was then performed to assess the rolling performance of the NPT. We found that the maximum dynamic stress at the spoke was 2.387 MPa, which is 0.398 times the allowable yield strength of the PU spoke. This finding confirms the durability of the novel NPT under dynamic usage in military vehicles, with promising implications for overcoming challenging terrains.

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After the full-scale military invasion of the occupying country, the national security of Ukraine required drastic and urgent actions both on the battlefield and to ensure security within the state. The search for alternative and more effective ways of obtaining and transmitting information in the defense and security sector is an important issue for achieving peace in our country. The current state of repelling military aggression prompts Ukrainian society to format information and analytical support on new tracks and rapid training of personnel. The discovery of collaborators and aids of the aggressor country in the temporarily occupied territories among modern Ukrainians became a new resistance in the modern war. This phenomenon does not create a positive dynamic in expelling the occupier from Ukrainian land, which is due to betrayal, assistance and the need to fight against such elements. Modern war emphasizes the need to neutralize the enemy not only on the battlefield, but also in the middle of our country. In this aspect, receiving and transmitting information in the defense and security sector will make a significant contribution to achieving a positive result. The development of events without the appropriate armament conditions decision-making and their implementation in a way that does not correspond to traditional military tactics. Skillful processing of the received information can lead to a change in the situation on the battlefield in the shortest possible time. The use of traditional guerrilla warfare in modern conditions must be adapted to military practices and the latest technologies. However, this aspect is due to the lack of opportunities and the necessary support for the implementation of the assigned operational and service-combat tasks. In such conditions, the acquisition of skills in relevant fields before the onset of critical and/ or emergency situations becomes an important issue. After all, professional orientation involves understanding and internal perception of the goals and tasks of professional activity. The changes taking place in the content of professional orientation are reflected in the fact that they strengthen the motives related to professional activity, call for a desire to conscientiously perform one’s official duties, the desire to show oneself as a qualified specialist and achieve success not only at work, but also on the battlefield with the enemy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports a comparative prospective study aimed to explore and compare nurses’ perceptions of bedside clinical handover in 3 different settings (emergency unit, ICU, and medical ward). Results revealed that the participant nurses’ perceptions varied significantly for different aspects of the handover process. Our data demonstrate department-specific variations in perceptions related to the adequacy, organization, relevance, availability of charts, use of charts for review, ease of following the information, and timeliness of the information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research relevance is determined by the variety of myths and legends formed around the historical personality of Henry VIII, which are not true, yet are repeated in the context of contemporary cinema. The study aims to analyse each of Henry VIII’s wives, using literature as a primary source, analyse modern cinema and attempt to introduce an innovative view of the historical situation in the history of the British monarchy. The artistic and stylistic method and the method of comparative analysis were used. Aside from the rapid change in the paradigm of personal life, the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty is also known for several significant reforms that were demonstrated only in a few films and TV series, and then in passing, leaving a bad impression of the English crown. Under the Tudors, England became the “mistress of the seas” and established the Anglican Church independent of the Pope, from a period of turmoil to stability. The work combines the embodied images with portraits of Henry VIII’s wives’ contemporaries, namely those of Hans Holbein the Younger. General information on the establishment of the English monarch, their origin, as well as the circumstances at court after the marriage, namely the death of the heirs to the throne, which, as recent studies have proved, was related to the health of the monarch, not his wives, was analysed. The study examines the external features, behavioural patterns, and influence on the internal politics of medieval England. The following films were analysed: “The Other Boleyn Girl” (2008, directed by Justin Chadwick), the TV series “The Tudors” (2007-2010, directed by Michael Hirst), “Henry VIII and His Six Wives” (2016, directed by Chris Holt), establishing that cinema does not accurately convey the era, the character and appearance of the girls. This study may be useful for researchers, history buffs, specialists in the Tudor dynasty, students of history and amateurs

Background: Identifying sex from a skull is a test for a forensic odontologist. There are research done to determine sex based on cranial values. The aim of the present research is to assess the role of facial skeletal traits in digital lateral cephalogram to determine gender. Objectives: To derive a discriminant function equation to determine gender for an adolescent and adult cohort. Methods and Material: From the archive of the Institution, 98 digital lateral cephalograms of 52 males and 46 females with an age range from 13 to 55 years were retrieved to measure 12 facial skeletal variables using DIMAXIS-3 software. Discriminant function analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: On initial discriminant function analysis, Ramus height (RH), lower facial height, mandibular length, and anterior cranial base (SN length) were found to be better predictors. On subsequent stepwise discriminant function analysis, RH only appeared to detect the gender with utmost accuracy when all 12 variables were included in the analysis. Conclusions: RH is the better predictor of gender of all the parameters taken in this study on a Pondicherry population.

Due to the social circumstances leading to increased professional demand, it is necessary to provide more specialized training to initial teacher education students so they can address textual mediation for L2-learning adult immigrants. This research aims to understand how students in education perceive the impact of textual mediation on certain critical skills following a teaching intervention. There are few previous studies on textual mediation in the field of applied linguistics. A qualitative methodology evaluated an intervention involving 103 education students in focus groups. The results reveal that educational mediation with adult immigrants enhances oral and written communication skills, translation ability, note-taking, and creative text analysis. Linguistic adaptation and expanded cultural awareness are crucial in this process. As a practical application, the research underscores the importance of fostering cognitive, communicative, and cultural awareness competencies in initial teacher education students for effective language instruction to adult immigrants. Acknowledgments This research was funded by the Multiliteracies for adult at-risk learners of additional languages (MultiLits) R&D project, REF. PID2020-113460RB-I00, financed by (Spanish) Ministry of Innovation and Sciences, State Research Agency MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Author: Beatriz Peña-Acuña, 0000-0002-0951-795X beatriz.pa@dfilo.uhu.es

This study assesses the factors that influence consumers’ preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), emphasizing the effects of information on its health benefits. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 180 respondents for study. Primary data were collected using a well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics, viz, the hedonic pricing and probit models. The results show that factors such as gender, root size, availability and storability influence consumers’ preference for OFSP. The results further revealed that the root size negatively influenced preference for OFSP, while availability positively influenced it. These results also indicate that preference for OFSP decreases with the length of storage. In terms of willingness to pay for OFSP, the result of the hedonic pricing model indicates that the age of the respondent and colours of the OFSP positively influence consumers’ willingness to pay for OFSP. There was a (17.1%) increase in consumers’ level of preference after information on the health benefit was provided to them and the result from comparing means (T-Test) of prices consumers are willing to pay before and after information was provided showed a negative co-efficient (-16.341), which was significant at 1% level of significance. We suggest that research should concentrate on identified OFSP characteristics to improve acceptance, while in the short run, there is a need to promote OFSP production to increase availability.

Diversity in the characteristics of agricultural locations has the potential to develop. Unfortunately, the weak transfer of technology based on the characteristics of the location indicates that this potential cannot grow properly. This research aims to synthesise a technology transfer model for an agricultural technology park (ATP) by considering site-specific conditions. This cross-case study was conducted at selected ATP locations. Model synthesis uses the system development life cycle stages of initiation, analysis, and design. The resource-based view approach was broken down into several variables during the analysis stage. Three location-specific technology transfer models were successfully developed: a technology transfer model based on highland specificity, a unique technology transfer model for urban farming, and a tourism village-based model.

Literacy skills are important in learning mathematics. Mathematical literacy skills are able to provide opportunities for students to understand the benefits and practicalities of mathematics in real life, solve real-life problems using mathematics and can also be applied in decision making. This study aims to describe students' mathematical literacy abilities in terms of PISA problems. This research is descriptive qualitative. Selection of research subjects using purposive sampling. The research subjects in this study were students of Al Azhar Takengon Integrated High School, class XII Science, consisting of two students with high abilities. The data collection technique used the PISA problems and interviews. Data were analyzed using data analysis techniques proposed by Miles and Huberman. This study uses time triangulation to check the validity of the data. The research results showed that the profile of the mathematical literacy ability of students with high mathematical ability in solving PISA problems is classified as good. Subjects are able to think at an advanced level and students are able to complete the six levels of PISA problems given by fulfilling each mathematical process in mathematical literacy; formulate, employ, and interpret. Kemampuan literasi menjadi hal yang penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Kemampuan literasi matematika mampu memberikan kesempatan pada siswa untuk memahami manfaat dan kepraktisan matematika dalam kehidupan nyata, memecahkan masalah pada kehidupan nyata dengan menggunakan matematika serta dapat juga diaplikasikan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan literasi matematika siswa ditinjau dari soal PISA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Pemilihan subjek penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA Terpadu Al Azhar Takengon kelas XII IPA yang terdiri dari dua orang siswa yang berkemampuan tinggi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes PISA dan wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data yang dikemukakan oleh Miles dan Huberman. Penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi waktu untuk pemeriksaan keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil kemampuan literasi matematis siswa berkemampuan matematika tinggi dalam menyelesaikan soal PISA tergolong baik. Subjek sudah mampu berpikir pada tingkat lanjut dan mampu menyelesaikan enam level soal PISA yang diberikan dengan memenuhi setiap proses matematika pada literasi matematis, yaitu memformulasi, menerapkan, dan menginterpretasikan

Background. An adequate translation should fulfill the purpose of communication, which is imbedded in the original. At the same time, it is necessary to take into consideration both the content of the text and its pragmatic function. The translator`s task is using various types of translation transformations to select adequate lexical, phraseological, grammatical structures to maintain the pragmatic function of the translation at the level of the original. The authors of the article study the most interesting examples of translation difficulties based on the material of the monograph A.R. Kroeber China’s Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know and offer their own variants of their translation. Purpose. Analysis of the translation difficulties of a popular scientific text on economic topics. Materials and methods. The main research method is comparative analysis. The article is based on the text of the monograph A.R. Kroeber China’s Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know. Results. Analysis of the text of the monograph (parts 2.6-3.3 / 30,048 sign.) has revealed more than 200 translation difficulties with the help of which the pragmatic function of the text is preserved. These linguistic phenomena require detailed analysis using logical thinking, linguistic and extensive background knowledge for their adequate translation. The results of the research can be used in the preparation of lecture materials and practical tasks for the program "Translator in the field of professional communication" in disciplines focused on translation studies.

This study aims to investigate the speech act used by the teacher and students in an English lesson in Grade X of MA Al Irsyad Tengaran. It is designed as a qualitative research. The data were gathered by observing the class and recording the lesson, and then the data was analyzed to get the result. The result indicates that the directive speech act is the most frequently used in teaching and learning. It can be seen from the data that directive speech is the highest, i.e., 145 utterances or 49,5%, followed by representatives with 103 utterances or 35,2%. Commissives with 27 utterances or equal with 9,2%, and the last one is expressive with 18 utterances or 6,1% from the total of approximately 293 utterances. The dominance of directive speech acts in English learning shows that the teacher plays a vital role in directing and managing class activities. Clear and firm instructions from teachers help create a structured and controlled learning environment, allowing students to follow directions well and understand assigned tasks.

We consider the homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the parabolic equation ut−div(∣∇u∣p(x,t)−2∇u)=f(x,t)+F(x,t,u,∇u){u}_{t}-{\rm{div}}({| \nabla u| }^{p\left(x,t)-2}\nabla u)=f\left(x,t)+F\left(x,t,u,\nabla u) in the cylinder QT≔Ω×(0,T){Q}_{T}:= \Omega \times \left(0,T), where Ω⊂RN\Omega \subset {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}, N≥2N\ge 2, is a C2{C}^{2}-smooth or convex bounded domain. It is assumed that p∈C0,1(Q¯T)p\in {C}^{0,1}\left({\overline{Q}}_{T}) is a given function and that the nonlinear source F(x,t,s,ξ)F\left(x,t,s,\xi ) has a proper power growth with respect to ss and ξ\xi . It is shown that if p(x,t)>2(N+1)N+2p\left(x,t)\gt \frac{2\left(N+1)}{N+2}, f∈L2(QT)f\in {L}^{2}\left({Q}_{T}), ∣∇u0∣p(x,0)∈L1(Ω){| \nabla {u}_{0}| }^{p\left(x,0)}\in {L}^{1}\left(\Omega ), then the problem has a solution u∈C0([0,T];L2(Ω))u\in {C}^{0}\left(\left[0,T];\hspace{0.33em}{L}^{2}\left(\Omega )) with ∣∇u∣p(x,t)∈L∞(0,T;L1(Ω)){| \nabla u| }^{p\left(x,t)}\in {L}^{\infty }\left(0,T;\hspace{0.33em}{L}^{1}\left(\Omega )), ut∈L2(QT){u}_{t}\in {L}^{2}\left({Q}_{T}), obtained as the limit of solutions to the regularized problems in the parabolic Hölder space. The solution possesses the following global regularity properties: ∣∇u∣2(p(x,t)−1)+r∈L1(QT),for any 0

In a recent study, we showed that the large (x,t)\left(x,t) behavior of a class of physically relevant solutions of Boussinesq’s equation for water waves is described by ten main asymptotic sectors. In the sector adjacent to the positive xx-axis, referred to as Sector I, we stated without proof an exact expression for the leading asymptotic term together with an error estimate. Here, we provide a proof of this asymptotic formula.

The last decades were characterized by rapid progress in the introduction of new digital technologies in the field of prosthetics. The intraoral scanning systems are data acquisition devices which make it possible to make precise prosthetic structures, to identify carious lesions, Orthodontic anomalies. This article analyzes modern trends in the field of newly developed intraoral scanning technologies published in scientific journals in recent years. It summarizes the information provided by various databases: PubMed, Research-Gate, Google Scholar and on the internet sites of manufacturing companies. As a result, a historical review was made with a focus on the development of intraoral scanning systems and their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages were thoroughly discussed.

This study explores the integration of music and technology, illustrating their potential to collaboratively push the boundaries of musical exploration. Despite traditionally being viewed as unrelated, the combination of these two fields can significantly contribute to the progress of musical development. This study uses advanced computational methods to build a dataset filled with symbolic musical sequences that belong to a specific genre. This dataset is shown to be highly accurate and provides a detailed analysis of frequencies when examined closely, highlighting its quality and depth. We subject our dataset to comparative analysis with the renowned MAESTRO dataset, employing chromagrams to examine audio signals, rhythms, chords, solos, and note patterns in MIDI format through a variety of methods. This comparison underscores the superior quality of our sequences relative to those in the MAESTRO dataset, emphasizing the meticulousness of our sequence creation process. Moreover, we conduct internal evaluations of our dataset using both three-dimensional and two-dimensional approaches to melody representation, confirming its viability for future scholarly work. This effort seeks to enhance the music field by integrating computer science insights and methodologies, expanding the scope for future music technology research. It highlights the collaborative potential between musical creativity and technological advances in ongoing studies.

Abstract The loss of electronic medical records has seriously affected the practical application of biomedical data. Therefore, it is a meaningful research effort to effectively fill these lost data. Currently, state-of-the-art methods focus on using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to fill the missing values of electronic medical records, achieving breakthrough progress. However, when facing datasets with high missing rates, the imputation accuracy of these methods sharply deceases. This motivates us to explore the uncertainty of GANs and improve the GAN-based imputation methods. In this paper, the GRUD (Gate Recurrent Unit Decay) network and the UGAN (Uncertainty Generative Adversarial Network) are proposed and organically combined, called UGAN-GRUD. In UGAN-GRUD, it highlights using GAN to generate imputation values and then leveraging GRUD to compensate them. We have designed the UGAN and the GRUD network. The former is employed to learn the distribution pattern and uncertainty of data through the Generator and Discriminator, iteratively. The latter is exploited to compensate the former by leveraging the GRUD based on time decay factor, which can learn the specific temporal relations in electronic medical records. Through experimental research on publicly available biomedical datasets, the results show that UGAN-GRUD outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods, with average 13% RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) and 24.5% MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) improvements.

Abstract This research article introduces a novel approach based on the fuzzy Adomian decomposition method (FADM) to solve specific time fuzzy fractional partial differential equations with initial and boundary conditions (IBCs). The proposed approach addresses the challenge of incorporating both initial and boundary conditions into the FADM framework by employing a modified approach. This approach iteratively generates a new initial solution using the decomposition method. The method presented here offers a significant contribution to solving fuzzy fractional partial differential equations (FFPDEs) with fuzzy IBCs, a topic that has received limited attention in the literature. Furthermore, it satisfies a high convergence rate with minimal computational complexity, establishing a novel aspect of this research. By providing a series solution with a small number of recursive formulas, this method enhances accuracy and emerges as a preferred choice for tackling FFPDEs with mixed initial and boundary conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is further supported by the inclusion of several illustrative examples.