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This book examines the dynamics of national and regional security in the age of Zeitenwende amid polarization and conflict management. Through a comparative analysis, the authors reveal the intricate problems of border dynamics and practice in cases of border disputes and conflicts in the member states of the OSCE. The authors offer their approaches on how to peacefully settle the disputed borders, which can be supported by the EU, the NATO and the OSCE. It can be of significant help in preventing security crises and conflicts. In this regard, a number of solutions that can affect the Russian-Ukraine war and the settlement of RussiaUkraine relations are highlighted. From the author’s approach, it becomes clear that various European countries and international organizations should play an active role in the settlement of the Ukrainian crisis and the strengthening of European security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE STRATEGY FOR MOLDOVA IS VERY CONFUSED: FROM A UNITARY STATE, A CONFEDERATION, AND FEDERATION TO THE REUNION WITH ROMANIA. ANYWAY, "THE MESEBERG INITIATIVE" PROPOSES THE POSSIBLE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CONSULTING MECHANISM ON SECURITY ISSUES FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION-THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. THIS ARRANGEMENT IS WITHOUT ROMANIA. IN UKRAINE, CRIMEA AND THE DONBAS REGION STATUS IS VERY CONFUSED, ALSO. IN THE CASE OF THE CIVIL WAR IN UKRAINE, THE EFFORTS OF MEDIATION SANCTIONS AND NEGOTIATION HAVE MADE CERTAIN STEPS, ON THE INITIATIVE OF GERMANY AND FRANCE, COMPLEMENTED BY THE OSCE. "THE NORMANDY FORMAT" - RUSSIA, GERMANY, FRANCE AND UKRAINE - CAN SUPERVISE THE COMPLIANCE AND THE IMPLEMENTATION THE ARRANGEMENT, AND CAN INVITE USA TO PARTICIPATE. HOWEVER, IS NOT USUAL TO IGNORE THE USA AND THE GREAT BRITTANY IN THIS VERY HOT ISSUE NOT ONLY FOR EUROPE BUT FOR THE ENTIRE WORLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present conflict in Ukraine is considered one of the most significant crises in Europe since the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Moreover, it is taking place in a very specific area with special interests of external actors. The conflict, which has escalated into a war, has been regulated and, in fact, frozen, due to the participation of international organisations. This study focuses on the role of three European security organisations-- the European Union (EU), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)--in the de-escalation and resolution of the conflict in Ukraine. The qualitative case study examines the ability of the selected organisations to take a position and enter the conflict. The study proves that the ability of an organisation to enter the conflict is, to a certain extent, determined by its position towards the conflict (resulting particularly from its membership) and by the tools available to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Departing from Russia's full-scale invasion in Ukraine in 2022, this article analyses the OSCE-based security order that prevailed since the Cold War and that later was formalised in the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe. The first conclusion is that the OSCE-based European security order was successively weakened, and at the longest can be said to have functioned until 2014. The second conclusion is that this security order will not reappear even if the OSCE survives the consequences of the war. The article then analyses the partially parallel development of the EU as a security actor in Europe, and the potential of the EU to become a node in a new European security order. The third and fourth conclusions are that the EU has the potential of being a node in a new European security order, but that it will also need to become a node in a larger global order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution enquires into the relevance of the human security perspective in the analysis of the humanitarian situation created by the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine. For this purpose, it will first characterize the war in Ukraine from an international legal perspective, and then introduce the main elements of the human security approach in order to apply it in a third step to the war in Ukraine. In this context the relevance of fact-finding on violations of International Humanitarian Law and human rights will be highlighted. The focus on vulnerabilities and a victim-oriented approach allows to better identify the threats to the security of people, in particular of vulnerable groups. The use of multilateral tools and the empowerment of civil society can help to provide assistance against the suffering and prepare for accountability for war crimes and human rights violations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on the experiences of two previously unacquainted researchers working at distance who collaboratively used online platforms to co-interview respondents across a dozen countries in 2021–22. Rather than our research plans being disrupted by the constraints of COVID-19, we planned from the outset to conduct our research entirely online. Given our geographic separation, personal circumstances, and globally dispersed respondents, online methods were imperative to our research collaboration. At the same time, conducting co-interviews online introduced the challenge of structuring both effective interviewer-to-interviewer and interviewer-to-interviewee interactions in a virtual environment, where conventional methods might not suffice to create productive engagements, and where non-verbal communications are both more difficult to convey and interpret. In this article, we explore and reflect on our strategies and tactics for co-interviewing in contexts where online methods are a deliberate, welcome choice, rather than the fallback option. We focus on the nuances of interviewing elites, offering insights to help researchers prepare for the process, rather than only the content, of such interview encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the appointment of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) by the government of Ukrain as the OSCE external auditor for 2009. The appointment is the first time for the organization to assume the position. Meanwhile, the OSCE will be entrusted with several auditing responsibilities including administrative and financial system, as well as to make recommendations for improvement.

The end of the twentieth century was marked by dramatic changes on the geopolitical ground, which was generated, first of all, by the USSR collapse. Political confrontations that accompanied the process of USSR collapse caused in the early 90's violent conflicts at the periphery of the former Soviet empire (in the Republic of Moldova, for example). The path pursued by the Republic of Moldova from 1992-2003 to settle its conflict was reduced to negotiations with the Transdniestrian separatist administration and to signing of a great number of documents with the participation of the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). After some events (for example, refusal of signing the "Kozak Memorandum") the negotiation format was changed. Two new negotiator representatives of USA and European Union were involved in the process; they expressed their own positions and interests, provided new visions. The Transdniestrian conflict reached an international level and actually is has been discussed within the Council of Europe, European Commission and other international bodies, which is significantly important in the politics of conflict resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following years of grievances, Russia invaded Ukraine in early 2022 and sparked the largest military conflict in Europe since World War II. Conversations between Soviet and Western leaders in the final days of the Cold War are at the center of the Kremlin's justification for these actions. Russia claims the West exploited a weakened Russian state by rapidly expanding NATO in former Soviet and Warsaw Bloc nations, despite a promise not to expand. This research seeks to answer how Russia's NATO-expansion justification for invading Ukraine is inconsistent with the historical record. Findings reveal that the West never provided assurances on NATO expansion and Russia accepted and advocated sovereignty, international borders, states determining their security arrangements, and not using coercion to settle international disputes. Under the leadership of Vladimir Putin, Russia also increased cooperation with an already expanding NATO, which only further exposes the hypocrisy of their disinformation campaign and ultimately invalidates their war justification. This analysis is critical to understand how Russia changes the historical record to justify military action and threatens the geopolitical balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2007, Serbia is considered to promote a model of foreign policy based on maintaining an equal distance between Brussels and Moscow. This strategy became more evident after the annexation of Crimea in March 2014, when on the one hand Serbia supported the territorial integrity of Ukraine, and on the other hand it abstained from voting the UN resolution which was meant to reaffirm the territorial integrity of Ukraine and did not impose sanctions on Russia. These contradictory decisions were followed by numerous other political events that required Serbia's clear-cut positioning in the Ukrainian conflict in 2015 and 2016. The paper assesses the impact of the conflict in Ukraine to be found in the main discourses around Serbia's foreign policy of 'sitting on two chairs' between its European perspective and maintaining its close ties with Russia, as viewed by elites in the period between 2014 and 2016. First, the paper explores the various meanings attached to Serbia's military neutrality in scholarly and policy debates. Next, it looks at how those meanings have been enacted in discourses and practices along the first three years of the Ukrainian crisis. The conclusions discuss the paradoxes of Serbia's positions, pointing towards the 'politics' of the neutrality policy as revealed in the discourses that surrounded the Ukrainian crisis and various East-West divides that it triggered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book examines the main stages and authoritarian obstacles of NATO enlargement in Central and Eastern Europe after the Cold War, which gradually transformed into a hybrid conflict. In the various chapters of this book, the authors compare the main advantages and disadvantages of NATO enlargement in terms of the results of defending democratization in Central and Eastern Europe. The authors analyze the relationship between NATO enlargement and U.S. foreign policy on democracy and security in Central and Eastern Europe, which are indicators of NATO's resilience as a political and military intergovernmental organization. The book analyzes the challenges of democratizing political regimes from the perspective of political security, including the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politologija is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. Numerous facts of the harmful impact of military actions caused by the military aggression of the Russian Federation on the environment of Ukraine were recorded and documented by many Ukrainian and foreign scientists and other specialists. The purpose of this work was to form a reference list of publications on the impact of war on water resources and hydrobionts, as well as the aquaculture industry of Ukraine in general and fisheries in particular. Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic and we bliographic core have been consisted of publications in Ukrainian and English, including monographs, materials of round tables, conferences and meetings, public reports, articles in collections of scientific collections and journals, as well as reviews, chronicles, news on the subject of the work, posted on publicly available websites. Results. A thematic list of publications with a total quantity of 97 sources covering the time interval from 2015 to 2024, and showing the issues of the impact of military operations on natural hydro-ecosystems, as well as the aquaculture industry of Ukraine has been composed. In addition, the range of issues covered includes methods for calculating the damage caused by war and possible ways to overcome its harmful consequences. The literary sources were arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for ecologists, ichthyologists, hydrobiologists, fish farmers — both scientists, specialists, and teachers, students, and everyone interested in the topic of the publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the issue of the creation and registration of religious organizations and the acquisition of the status of a legal entity. The main problems faced by religious organizations in the process of state recognition are considered. The methods of state registration of religious organizations depending on their type are described, the powers of regional and central executive bodies regarding the legal recognition of religious organizations are outlined. Proposals have been made to amend the current legislation to create a transparent process for registering religious organizations. The article defines religious organizations in Ukraine such as religious communities, centers, administrations, monasteries, church unions, missions, theological educational institutions, organizations, and associations. As the registration procedure of religious organizations has two stages of registration in Ukraine, the article describes in detail each of the stages of state registration of religious organizations. The article describes the state benefits that religious organizations in Ukraine can receive after obtaining the status of a legal entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ukraine adopted its first National Action Plan (NAP) on UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security whilst facing an active military conflict on its territory. The country also invested in localising the Women, Peace and Security agenda through the development of regional and local action plans. Additionally, several ministries adopted sectoral action plans. This article looks at the context in which Ukraine developed its first NAP 1325 (post-Maidan) and assesses the NAP against global high impact NAP indicators. The authors then focus on connections between the national and regional/local-level plans and conclude that Ukraine's first NAP did 'trigger' localisation initiatives in the form of Regional Action Plans (RAP) on UNSCR 1325, with Local Action Plans having been initiated via a separate track. A certain level of synergy was realised between initiatives stemming from these plans. The authors do, however, conclude untapped potential remains to further nurture, facilitate and support bottom-up Women, Peace and Security initiatives in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ukraine has intensified its efforts to tackle environmental concerns following the ratification of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union in 2014. However, Ukraine has taken several steps to protect and revitalise its natural resources, integrate environmental concerns into its economic development strategies, and accelerate the transition to a more sustainable, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly economy. Since Russia's invasion in 2022, Ukraine's economic and environmental growth has been hampered, threatening its autonomy, ecological consciousness, and sustainable future. A large percentage of the population has been under siege or forced relocation due to the humanitarian situation, which has caused the deaths of thousands. Significant environmental repercussions have been detected. This study critically examines the environmental effects of the Russian-Ukraine War. This research initially covers eastern industrial dangers, the possibility of a second Chernobyl nuclear disaster, global wheat farming issues, and conflictrelated environmental degradation. This paper argues that the Russia-Ukraine war threatens climate security. This paper also suggested ways to reduce the conflict's environmental impact. Lastly, this work submits that the challenge of post-war rebuilding will be enormous and will call for an all-encompassing, wellplanned, and adequately funded endeavour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athenaeum: Polskie Studia Politologiczne is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Security Studies Nicolaus Copernicus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Criminology / Archiwum Kryminologii is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Legal Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Conflict between Russia and Ukraine have exposed the vulnerabilities in the financial system. The war between Russia and Ukraine is a blow to the global economy begetting rapid inflation and sluggish growth. The ongoing conflict has affected the trade routes and have disrupted supply chains globally. Western nations have unitedly condemned Russian Federation and have placed several sanctions as well as bans on Russia. These sanctions have led to an increase in prices of commodities which will negatively affect the recovery of Global and domestic economy affected by the gruelling pandemic. Russia and Ukraine make up only 2% of global economy but they make majority of many essential products. One of the countries deeply affected by the war is India. The article briefly explores the history of conflict, the global impact of the war and the impact of war on India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illicit arms trafficking in Ukraine has been a significant issue since the Cold War, with leftover Soviet stockpiles providing lucrative smuggling routes. With over US$100 billion in aid being provided by the West, a sizeable portion being in the form of small arms and guided infantry weapons such as MANPADS and ATGMs (Masters & Merrow 2023), and accompanying ammunition, Action Plans have been developed conducive to limiting eventual diversion of military aid into the illicit market. What this paper seeks to analyse, is the United States’ ‘Plan to Counter Illicit Diversion of Certain Advanced Conventional Weapons in Eastern Europe’. The plan highlights steps towards limiting illicit arms trafficking such as increased traceability, provision of end-use-monitoring (EUM) capacities and training, intelligence sharing, and capacity building for border management. This paper argues that the current iteration of the United States’ effort to limit arms trafficking, though still in its infancy, has provided some benefit in Ukraine’s efforts to combat the illicit diversion of arms, and could limit the presence of US-made weapons in the illicit arms market, as has been the case thus far. However, this paper does argue that, given the context of lacking institutional accountability, the role of corruption, an inconsistent and incoherent legal framework for gun ownership, as well as lacking coordination with US partners, the Action Plan will unlikely help reform the structural conditions that established Ukraine as a lucrative arms market before the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research examines the results of exercising the existing state supervision powers over local self-government bodies in combating crimes for the protection of the territorial integrity of Ukraine. The aim is to assess the state-legal mechanisms for combating crimes to ensure the country's territorial integrity based on the control functions over local self-government in Ukraine. The research employed methods of graphic analysis, sociological survey on issues of supervisory powers and local self-government, and content analysis of legislation related to state control over the activities of local authorities. The practical application of enhanced state supervision over local self-government bodies is complicated by the economic shortcomings of supervisory institutions and political contradictions with local authorities. It was established that effective countermeasures against crime for the preservation of territorial integrity depend not only on the nominal organisational structure of supervision but also on the formation of mutual relations with local communities through the governance channels with the involvement of the public. Detailed state supervision should effectively strengthen the protection of sovereignty while preserving the elements of self-governance that are an example of the state's legitimacy for citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On February 28th, shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24th, Twitter announced the expansion of its labelling policy for "Russia state-affiliated media", in order to address disinformation in favour of the Russian government.. While this 'soft' approach does not include the removal of content, it entails issues for freedom of expression and information. This article investigates the consequences of this labelling policy for the range and impact of accounts labelled "Russia state-affiliated media" during the Ukrainian war. Using an iterative detection method, a total of 90 accounts of both media outlets and individual journalists with this label were identified. The analysis of these accounts' information and timeline, as well as the comparison of the impact of their tweets before and after February 28th with an ARIMA model, strongly suggests, that this policy, despite its limited scope, could have contributed to a reduction in the impact of the sampled tweets, among other concurrent events. These results provide empirical evidence to guide critical reflection on this content moderation policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European accession policy has acquired a special and exceptional character since 2022 against the backdrop of the Russia-Ukraine war. The separation of the Association Trio countries (Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia) caused a non-uniform assessments in Georgia (giving candidacy to Ukraine and Moldova, and potential candidacy to Georgia). In the situation of extreme polarization and politicization of opinions, it is important to outline the legal and historical facts regarding the specifi cities of EU–Georgia relations and to evaluate scientifi cally Georgia's geopolitical destiny (the possibility of joining the EU) in the light of global and regional processes. The article presents the various aspects of the difficulty and complexity of the EU enlargement towards Georgia, which actually go beyond the context of the full fulfi llment of the twelve conditions given to Georgia by the EU; synchronization of commitments issued by the European Commission for all Association Trio countries, making clear that the only distinguishing condition for Georgia in reality is the issue of depolarization; the possibility to fulfil the condition of depolarization in the current political situation in Georgia; the context of the historical dynamics of divergent approaches of the EU towards Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia; the priority of saving the results of the 30-year struggle for freedom against the backdrop of Russia–Georgia wars, and the European future in Georgia and overcoming the ongoing distrust between Georgia and the EU (as the highest value) compared to the value of conditionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite that they are tacitly accepted by many as an inevitable part of armed conflict, most of the international community condemns wartime rape and aims to prevent it. Although its preventive mechanisms were already developed nationally and internationally, wartime rape was perpetrated in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995), and is perpetrated in the war in Ukraine. This comparative study identifies patterns of wartime rapes in these two wars, as well as the analysis of the positive criminal codes of these two countries and the legal practice attendant thereto, in order to establish how they were regulated and what the criminal politics towards them is. Particularities of the experience with trialling wartime rapes in Bosnia and Herzegovina will be presented. These are presented as lessons Ukraine can benefit from, to fight against them, prevent them, and achieve justice most efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sea of Azov, an inland shelf sea bounding Ukraine and Russia, experiences the effects of ongoing and legacy pollution. One of the main contaminants of concern is the heavy metal mercury (Hg), which is emitted from the regional coal industry, former Hg refineries, and the historic use of mercury-containing pesticides. The aquatic biome acts both as a major sink and source in this cycle, thus meriting an examination of its environmental fate. This study collated existing Hg data for the SoA and the adjacent region to estimate current Hg influxes and cycling in the ecosystem. The mercury-specific model "Hg Environmental Ratios Multimedia Ecosystem Sources" (HERMES), originally developed for Canadian freshwater lakes, was used to estimate anthropogenic emissions to the sea and regional atmospheric Hg concentrations. The computed water and sediment concentrations (6.8 ng/L and 55.7 ng/g dw, respectively) approximate the reported literature values. The ongoing military conflict will increase environmental pollution in the region, thus further intensifying the existing (legacy) anthropogenic pressures. The results of this study provide a first insight into the environmental Hg cycle of the Sea of Azov ecosystem and underline the need for further emission control and remediation efforts to safeguard environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of legislative support for public policy on national memory in Ukraine is realised through the enactment of legislative acts, including the Constitution of Ukraine and Ukrainian laws. The country's prevailing political situation and social moods have primarily shaped it. This article aims to examine the legislative framework of Ukraine (1991-2024) that facilitates the formation and implementation of public policy on national memory within the state. The study demonstrates that active legislation has occurred over the past ten years and continues to the present day. It is established that the legislative base in the sphere of national memory comprises conceptual, organisational, and regulatory acts, which delineate the scope of their functionality. Significant achievements have been made in the legislative support of public policy on national memory in Ukraine. It is evident that the issue of adopting a special law that would define the fundamental principles of national memory policy in Ukraine, ensuring comprehensive regulation of its formation and implementation, still needs to be solved. The completeness of memory policy regulation at all levels of the administrative system is defined, and problematic issues are identified. The necessity for enhancing the legislative framework supporting public policy on national memory in Ukraine is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to examine the specific activities of the National Police of Ukraine in the investigation of war crimes in deoccupied territories, developing a clear algorithm of action and taking into account possible power, heating, and communication outages. The study argues for the creation of a Coordination Headquarters to ensure proper interaction between the bodies and departments involved in recording and investigating war crimes. The article proves that the activities of the National Police of Ukraine bodies and units during the investigation of war crimes in the de-occupied territories are aimed at their prompt, complete, and impartial investigation, so that any perpetrator of such acts is held accountable according to their guilt, and includes several algorithmic actions. The research methodology includes dialectical-materialistic, formal-logical, general scientific, and special methods. The results of the study are significant as they provide a practical guide for the National Police of Ukraine in the investigation of war crimes in de-occupied territories. The proposed algorithm and practical considerations can help ensure prompt, complete, and impartial investigations, ultimately contributing to the rule of law and justice in times of conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the growing tensions between Russia and Ukraine and their impact on regional and global geopolitical dynamics, focusing on the importance of military organizational management in this complex situation. The confrontation between the two countries, fuelled by Moscow's geopolitical aspirations to consolidate its control over Ukraine, has escalated into a military conflict with far-reaching repercussions. Ukraine's rapprochement with the European Union and NATO has exacerbated tensions, generating indirect arms deliveries and threatening regional stability. In this context, military organisational management becomes crucial to manage and mitigate the escalation of the conflict. The capacity for strategic planning and coordination of military actions is essential to maintain stability and prevent wider conflict. Also, the ability to manage human and material resources effectively and strategically can influence the outcome and duration of conflict. In addition, it is important to stress that tensions between Russia and Ukraine not only have bilateral consequences, but also affect relations between Russia and NATO. Military management must therefore be adaptable and address the complex and interlinked challenges of this rapidly changing geopolitical context. The paper further argues that an appropriate approach to military organisational management can be essential for managing the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, as well as for maintaining regional and global stability in the face of the complex challenges of current geopolitical tensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the Canadian government’s foreign and security policy responses to Russian disinformation in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war. It asks whether, how, and why the government has securitised the “crisis of Russian disinformation.” The paper first briefly reviews literature on the Copenhagen’s School’s “securitisation” theory and how it has been used to explain responses to other crises. It then adopts the framework to contextualise the Canadian federal government’s official rhetoric, and then to categorise government policies and actions. The sources consulted include government actors’ reports and stated intentions and policies from 2022 to 2024. Adopting a securitisation framework reveals that Russian disinformation has been rhetorically securitised by government actors as an existential threat to national security and democratic integrity which requires urgent action. Within a context of cascading risks, the government has taken a range of distinct yet reinforcing policies and actions, some more comprehensive than others. The paper argues that together this “pervasive rhetorical securitisation” and “ad hoc practical securitisation” comprise the Canadian government’s ongoing process of partial securitisation. This process is legitimising different methods of governance: security and warfare communications (to address threats to national defence and security), democratic resilience (to address threats to democracy), and, most controversially, blocking and sanctioning (to signal discontent to the Russian regime). The analysis further reveals that each approach has different benefits and limits. The paper concludes that the securitisation process is incomplete compared to the government's rhetoric, with no over-arching organisation or strategy. It outlines implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actually, the second part of the 20th century characterized by the beginning of the conceptual understanding of "human security" in a system of the international security and international law, in general. It had linked with the historical past, such as world wars, many local military conflicts which claimed the lives millions of people, repressions, scientific and technological progress (the invention of nuclear weapons, various weapons of mass destruction), etc. Besides, it has linked with the present, such as terrorism, human trafficking, acts of aggression, etc., that entails the inevitable destruction of mankind, where the safety/security plays a crucial role. That's why, in the early 1990s, the concept of "human security" was introduced into the international discussion. A number of international instruments of the universal and regional character were adopted about the issue of the protection of human rights in the context of "human security", was termed the new concept of the 20th and the 21th centuries. In this context, the essential objective of this manuscript is the analysis of doctrinal, legal understanding of the concept of the "Humans Security", taking into account the present conditions and the example of Ukraine (the situation of the East part of the country). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 ignited propaganda efforts from the U.S. executive branch of government and the U.S. media, as the country tried to position itself towards the war not just in the eyes of its citizens but of the entire world as part of its geopolitical power position. A comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis of official U.S. communications and U.S. partisan media coverage in the first week of the invasion aims to uncover how the U.S. government set the agenda and framed the events, and to what extent the media copied or diverged from this agenda-setting and framing. The results suggest a narrow focus and distinct framing on the part of the U.S. government, partly taken over by partisan media. The latter also touched on other topics that fit media logic and provided some counter-frames in line with their ideological positions, yet overall confirmed the dominant framing of the war as unjust, unprovoked and premeditated, as Putin's choice, and the position of the U.S. as the leader of the free world and defender of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article elucidates the meaning and indicators of restrictive measures applied to individuals who have committed domestic violence, as well as the peculiarities of their implementation during wartime conditions. Additionally, it provides a comparative legal characterization of restrictive measures in Ukraine in various jurisdictions based on the categorization of legal systems. The article provides the authors' interpretation of the "restrictive measures" concept, outlining its characteristics and types, and evaluating its efficacy in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to identify the main psycho-emotional states and factors affecting the physical and mental well-being of schoolchildren, including during distance learning and in relationships with family members, as well as to develop areas of psychosocial assistance to children under martial law. To achieve the research purpose, an appropriate questionnaire was developed with multiple-choice questions about: dominant emotions and feelings, attitudes towards distance learning, reactions to external stimuli, the impact of martial law on the comfort of life, relationships with peers and parents, etc. A survey was conducted among 1303 schoolchildren aged 6-17, including 515 boys and 788 girls, 11 of whom live outside Ukraine. The survey found that the physical and psychoemotional well-being of Ukrainian schoolchildren was characterised by sleep disturbances, agitation, fear, rapid mood changes, severe fatigue, sadness, longing, indignation, irritation, anger, increased conflicts (especially with parents), etc. An additional factor in the increased level of anxiety under martial law was distance learning, which makes it difficult for students to concentrate due to the difficulty of communication, shifted daily routines, worries about family and friends, changes in responsibilities and other distractions. The main directions of psycho-correctional work and recommendations for the use of psychosocial assistance technologies have been developed, which will allow children to assess their current life situation, identify their strengths (resources), which will ensure their self-healing and increase their resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geopolitica(s): Revista de Estudios Sobre Espacio y Poder is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Russia's premeditated armed aggression against Ukraine began on February 2014 with a military operation by the Russian Armed Forces to seize part of Ukraine's territory - the Crimean peninsula - and then provoke a war in Donbas. On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale war against Ukraine after that the Russian President announced the start of a so-called „special military operation" under the pretext of carrying out the so-called „demilitarisation and denazification of Ukraine". The Armed Forces of Ukraine, territorial defence forces and Ukrainian citizens thwarted the Kremlin's plans to launch a „blitzkrieg", seize Kyiv and key cities and change the government in Ukraine. This study presents some aspects of Ukrainian legislation related to the war against Ukraine since 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict in Ukraine has already changed the picture of the regional security and some changes may be permanent. The shifting power structures created by the war and the illicit market opportunities will continue to increase criminal activity. This article assesses the impact of the conflict in Ukraine and its implications for organized crime and security-related issues for neighbouring countries, with a focus on Romania. These include organized crime and illicit trafficking (including trafficking in persons, drugs, arms, illicit tobacco, and other goods), cybercrimes and fraud. The paper uses a multidisciplinary approach, which includes both intelligence analysis and operational actions, with a benefit role in the prevention, detection and tackling of serious and organized crime affecting the European Union and its citizens. This study used a mixed-methods approach. The literature review along with a content analysis and statistical analysis of organized crime was conducted using a combination of online databases, as well as academic journals and conference papers. The research findings show that the impact of the conflict in Ukraine and its implications for organized crime and security-related issues will have long-term consequences for European Union countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a comprehensive economic and legal analysis of the position of national minorities in the labour market. To do this, a comparative analysis of the socio-economic and legal status of national minorities is carried out and an analysis of the situation of national minorities in the labour market is conducted while taking into account real and declarative indicators of the level of employment, which were determined by the author's survey and field experiment. It has been proven that discrimination in the labour market is characteristic of certain, but not all, groups of national minorities, in particular, the Roma. It is believed that the efficiency of the labour market of national minorities also affects tax revenues and the distribution of social costs. Ensuring equal opportunities for these groups contributes to the creation of stable social conditions, reducing the costs of social assistance and increasing the efficiency of social capital. The study of the labour market of national minorities also takes into account the importance of socio-economic stability. The main causes of discrimination of representatives of ethno-national groups in the labour market are singled out, and economic and legal measures to stimulate inclusion in the labour market are defined. Through the author's survey and the field method of fictitious questionnaires, the discrimination of certain groups of national minorities in Ukraine, among them Moldovans and especially the Roma, was proven, and it was proved that the unemployment rate in the region provokes an almost proportional decrease in the number of responses from employers from representatives of national minorities. The field of employment was not a significant factor in indicating certain features of discrimination based on the field of the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preserving the fiscal and financial stability of countries, and supporting economic recovery in order to create conditions for the sustainable growth of a socially inclusive economy is a strategic task of state institutions under martial law. Despite the unpredictability that Ukraine faces in war conditions, it is important to develop a constructive financial instrument for the recovery of the country's economy now. The research is based on the hypothesis that defining the conceptual foundations of financial support for the recovery of the Ukrainian economy, raising the quality level of the financial risk management mechanism, and minimizing their consequences, will help ensure macrofinancial stability. General scientific and special methods are used, namely: dialectical, complex analysis, scientific generalization, selective, scientific abstraction, economic and statistical. Provisions regarding international financial instruments for the economic recovery of Ukraine's economy have been disclosed. A study of the main problems in the financial sphere, which must be solved in the context of the recovery of Ukraine, was carried out. The peculiarities of the implementation of the state programs "Affordable loans 5-7-9%" and "Affordable financial leasing 5-7-9%" are revealed, which play an important role in supporting entrepreneurial activity and ensuring the country's economic security as a necessary prerequisite for ensuring financial stability and recovery countries. It is substantiated that the formation of holistic approaches to the financial support of the restoration of Ukraine, the determination of measures and criteria for the implementation of the state's financial policy will contribute to the solution of the systemic problems facing the state at this stage. Important tasks are: ensuring fiscal and financial stability; neutralization of the influence of negative factors on the financial system; prevention of hidden capital outflow; effective attraction and use of state loans; prevention of legalization of illegally obtained income; ensuring rational distribution and effective use of state financial resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to identify effective alternative forms of labour dispute resolution based on the analysis of theoretical information and practical experience of their application in the modern world and the possibility of their use in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the work is the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative law, logical and legal, abstract and logical methods, and the method of generalisation. The author identifies the features and advantages of using the main alternative forms of labour dispute resolution: conciliation, direct negotiations, mediation, arbitration, and mediation. The author examines the international experience of using alternative forms of labour dispute resolution (France, Bulgaria, Poland, and the United Kingdom). The reasons for the low prevalence of the use of alternative forms of labour dispute resolution in Ukraine are: lack of legislative regulation or gaps in it; low level of public awareness; lack of qualified specialists (arbitrators, mediators). The author identifies the appropriate measures for the effective implementation of alternative forms of labour dispute resolution in Ukraine, which will reduce the burden on the judicial system, and resolve labour conflicts more quickly, efficiently, and with lower material costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of approaches to the definition and implementation of mechanisms for ensuring transparency and accountability in police operations and to identify best practices. The research used the comparative analysis method, the formal-legal method, and the content analysis method. It was established that principal mechanisms of ensuring transparency in police operations involve providing open access to information through digital channels available to the public; ensuring public participation and control over police activities; implementing interaction with mass media. The principal approach to ensuring the accountability of police operations is the evaluation of police activity. The work proved that enhancing transparency and accountability can be achieved through various mechanisms, including implementing a top-notch electronic platform for citizens, as demonstrated by the UK police website. Adopting the concept of community policing is another effective strategy to promote these principles, as well as utilising social networks for interaction with citizens and carrying out qualitative and quantitative evaluations of police work, such as police effectiveness, efficiency, and legitimacy assessments. The findings of this study have the potential to provide valuable insights for law enforcement agencies in Ukraine and other countries by facilitating the integration of successful practices into their policing operations etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article explores issues of gender inequality in Ukraine. Gender-related issues have been exacerbated due to the full-scale invasion of the country by the Russian Federation on 24 February 2022. This tragic event has led us to adapt our research by addressing gender challenges before and after the invasion. Deploying the social quality approach, we distinguish gender processes in four dimensions: socioeconomic/financial (e.g., participation in labor activities), sociopolitical/legal (e.g., political inclusion), and sociocultural/welfare (e.g., deprivation and daily discrimination). We pay particular attention to legal aspects of gender equality and equal rights and opportunities in international and Ukrainian legislation. Finally, we clarify and substantiate the specific features of gender issues in Ukraine amid the current reality of military conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Ukraine's ethno-national policies and their efficacy in protecting the rights of ethnic, linguistic, and religious minorities. The study utilizes a qualitative approach, combining content analysis of academic literature with legal analysis of domestic legislation and international norms on minority protections. It highlights the discrimination and rights violations experienced by certain groups, especially Crimean Tatars under Russian occupation. Perspectives from criminology and legal theory are applied to analyze causative factors enabling abuse. The article concludes by proposing recommendations to enhance legal protections, strengthen accountability mechanisms, increase minorities' political participation, and implement comprehensive anti-discrimination reforms. Effective implementation of ethno-policies requires acknowledging minorities' concerns, ensuring their representation in governance, and upholding principles of multiculturalism. The study contributes to scholarly discourse on managing diversity and underscores the urgency of rights protections in conflict-affected states like Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]