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A biography of William Mawwin (Manyuol Mawein), a Dinka man from South Sudan who was taken by Arab Sudanese families as a slave during a civil war, is presented. Mawwin was disabled due to an industrial accident while he was an illegal alien in Egypt. With help from United Nations (UN) workers, he was resettled in Phoenix, Arizona as part of the Catholic Charities Refugee Resettlement Program. His language difficulties as a refugee are noted.

The article examines the role of the emergence of an anti-Arab black nationalism in a new initiative demanding reparations from the Arab League for Afro-Arab slavery and the campaign to penalize Sudan for the genocide and displacement in Darfur. The view that Arabic-speaking North Africans are an alien race in the continent has gained popularity outside black nationalist circles, leading to a rapprochement between black nationalist groups and rival Zionist groups over Sudan. Racial divisions have been affected by the impact of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on U.S. politics as well as the war or terrorism.

Focuses on racial conflict and atrocities committed against African peoples in Sudan. Historical background of slavery in the country; Information on Jok Madut Jok's book "War and Slavery in the Sudan," which focused on slavery and animosities done by Arab Muslims against African Muslims in the country; Actions taken by the United Nations and the U.S. government against criminal practices and racial abuse in the country.

The oldest civil war in the world is being fought, on one side, by men who wander like demented hospital orderlies across the primordial wastes of Africa. The author followed them one hot morning as they flee a government ambush in the oil fields of southern Sudan. All around them, half-naked people move feebly through the thorn forest: ethnic Dinka herders displaced from the contested oil fields by fighting between rebels and the central government based in the faraway capital, Khartoum. It is April 2002, and Africa's largest country is lurching into its 19th uninterrupted year of warfare-the latest round of strife that has brutalized Sudan, off and on, for most of the past half century. More than two million Sudanese are dead. Sudan has rarely known stability. Civil war erupted even before the nation gained independence from Britain in 1956, a frail peace lasted between 1972 and 1983. The rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army, or SPLA, controls much of the southern third of Sudan. Its insurgents sometimes carry spears as well as Kalashnikovs and are fighting for greater autonomy. The northern government in Khartoum, dominated by Islamic fundamentalists, drops bombs on them from old Russian-made cargo planes and employs famines and modern-day slavery as crude weapons of mass destruction. So far the death toll--mostly among southern civilians--exceeds that of many of the world's conflicts combined. Oil has sparked some of the ugliest fighting Sudan has seen in years. But oil also has fueled renewed international interest in Sudan. And diplomats are more optimistic.

Focuses on the global problem of slavery. Slavery in Sudan; Sex slavery; International responses to Sudan's situation; Significance of the international redemption efforts by government agencies.

Focuses on human rights abuses in Sudan. Presence of slavery; Alleged role of Canadian oil company Talisman Energy Inc. in the conflict; Efforts of Christian Solidarity International to buy slaves and then set them free.

Focuses on the slave trade that has developed in southern Sudan as a result of that country's civil war between Muslim Arabs in the north and African tribes in the south. Use of slavery by the government of Sudan as a tool to make oilfields safe for Canadian oil companies; Efforts of human-rights organization Christian Solidarity International (CSI) to enter Sudan clandestinely, purchase slaves, and set them free; Exacerbation of the conflict by foreign oil interests; Criticism of the effectiveness of CSI efforts. INSETS: 'Average people can make a difference,' by D'Arcy Jenish;A history painted in blood;Under fire from around the world, by Brian Bergman.

Discusses the slavery in Sudan and the efforts of human rights community to counter the problem. Resurgence of the slave trade in Sudan; Request for the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund to initiate a slave-tracing and retrieving program; Reasons for the lack of actions of human rights groups to address the slavery in Sudan; Response to accusations against human rights groups.

The article describes the poverty, misery and violence which characterize life in the Sudan. The rise of slavery in this region is discussed as a particular evil. According to the article, efforts by well-intentioned humanitarian groups to buy the freedom of slaves have made the problem worse, by making the slave trade more lucrative.

Focuses on the human rights group Christian Solidarity International (CSI). The efforts of John Eibner to buy the freedom of Dinka slaves in Sudan; How the slave traders raid villages; The traders being Muslim Arabs, whose racial and religious kin control the central government in Khartoum; The number of Africans redeemed in Sudan since 1995; The American Anti-Slavery Group raising funds for CSI; Criticism that the CSI perpetuates the slave trade.

This article reports on the use of children as soldiers in the war zones of Uganda. War has ravaged northern Uganda since 1987, when the newly formed Lord's Resistance Army began its rebel campaign against the government. While the horror has been widespread, children have particularly suffered as the LRA has abducted them and forced them into service. In this special feature for Maclean's, the first in a series examining the impact of war in Uganda, Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo, Samantha Nutt and Eric Hoskins of War Child Canada, both doctors with extensive experience working in war zones, report on the plight of the young in northern Uganda. The LRA has abducted more than 20,000 children since the beginning of the conflict, with almost half of them being taken in the past 18 months alone. Attacking mostly at night, the rebels have indiscriminately looted homes, raping and killing, forcing children into LRA camps in southern Sudan, close to the Ugandan border.

Focuses on the actions taken by the Western governments and the United Nations in response to the increasing reports on slavery in African nations. Implications of the decision of the Reverend Jesse Jackson not to be involved in the issue; Impact of the slave trade articles published by journalists Samuel Cotton and William Pleasant in African newspapers on the issue; Reaction of the Sudanese government to the allegation of slave trade in the country.

Focuses on the social and political tensions in Darfur, Sudan caused by the issue of black enslavement. Prevalence of genocide and ethic-cleansing in the nation; Efforts of the U.S. government and the United Nations to solve humanitarian problems in the country; Implication of the continuing oppression for the Sudanese government.

The article presents a profile of Mende Nazar, who has written a book about the six years she spent as a slave. One night when she was 14, Mende Nazer awoke to screams. From the mud hut she shared with her parents in Sudan's Nuba mountains she saw gangs of men torching her Muslim village's thatched roofs, murdering the adults and rounding up the children. Choked with fear, Mende ran with her family to hide in the hills. But she became separated from them in the smoky night and was abducted by one of the marauders, who stopped en route to try to rape her. "They took my childhood away from me," says Nazer, now 24. "That is the thing that hurts the most." What replaced her idyllic youth was a hell few people imagine still exists. In "Slave," a new memoir written with British documentarian Damien Lewis, Nazer--now a student living in London--describes being sold into servitude in Khartoum, a fate shared by more than 11,000 people each year in Sudan alone. In 1999, her sixth year of servitude, a chance meeting with a newly captured Nuban slave let her know her family was alive. Today Nazer lives in a flat owned by a Swiss couple who read about her and wanted to help. She's studying English and covers her minimal expenses with her book royalties. According to the terms of her asylum, Nazer cannot return to Sudan for at least 15 months. But she has located her family.

The article reports on the controversy involving North African slavery. Samuel Cotton in the "City Sun" newspaper wrote that African Americans are being enslaved in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and in the Islamic Republic of Sudan. Gaspar Biro, a special investigator for the United Nations, reported that children and women in Sudan are being abducted and exported as slaves. Despite the slavery taking place in Mauritania and in Sudan, the U.S. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People took no action.

The article focuses on key issues pertaining to slavery in the international community as of 1996. Statistics indicate in increase in child slavery and labor abuse in various countries including Nepal, Pakistan, Sudan and Mauritania. Analysts emphasized the effects of AIDS in entrapping more and more women and children in sexual slavery citing the demands of brothel customers for young girls from the countryside who are presumed less likely to have HIV. Rugmark is among those organizations who are trying to resolve child labor problems by giving seals of approval to carpets made without child labor.

The article focuses on the author's views on African slavery. He argues that people should think about African enslavement as a three-system crime and not as one-system crime, each demanding different remedies and reparations. He reveals his experience in talking to a South Sudane intellectual about why they were not vocally supportive of the people of Darfur during the ethnic cleansing crisis. He mentions that in Zanzibar, to admit to being African is to admit to being a descendant of slaves.

The article comments on the legacy of slavery and the current violence in Sudan, a country which is described as Muslim in the north and African in the south. Genocide in Darfur is the result of a conflict that began centuries ago between Arabs and black Africans. The Bernard Lewis book, "Race and Slavery in the Middle East," is mentioned. Factors contributing to conditions in Sudan are its unexploited oil reserves, racial and religious conflict, and the issue of land use by farmers and cattlemen. The author calls for the United Nations' peacekeeping forces to intervene in Sudan.

Focuses on the efforts of evangelical Christians in the U.S. to get government attention over the plight of Christian minorities in Sudan. Missionary and humanitarian activities of evangelicals in Sudan; Start of civil war in the country.

This article introduces the life story of Francis Bok, who escaped from slavery in northern Sudan, and has written a book about his experiences. When Francis Bok was seven years old and living in southern Sudan, he was kidnapped by militiamen and forced into slavery. At 17, he fled his captors in northern Sudan, first to the capital, Khartoum, then north to Cairo and on to the United States. Bok, now 23, was in Toronto last week promoting his new book, "Escape from Slavery" published by St. Martin's Press. I spoke to a senate committee, I spoke alongside Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King's widow, and I met President George Bush. The U.S. signed the Sudan Peace Act that recognizes there is slavery in Sudan and that genocide has killed nearly two million people there.

Discusses how charities who buy slaves their freedom in Sudan may be causing harm. Story of a slave who had been freed and wished to return to her home with her brother; Denial of the government of Sudan that there is slavery; Mention of Christian Solidarity International (CSI), a charity which may be fueling the slave trade indirectly.

Reports on the pressures to stop slave trade in Sudan. Ways in which young Sudanese were being freed from slavery; Tribes involved in slavery trade; Position of the reigning National Islamic Front on slavery in the country.

Reports that two American reporters bought and freed two enslaved boys for $700 each in the Muslim country of Sudan in response to a challenge made by Islam leader Reverend Louis Farakhan on media proof that slavery existed in Sudan.

Focuses on the efforts of the Christian Solidarity International (CSI) to buy back slaves in Sudan. Amount offered by the CSI in buying back the slaves; Opposition of a representative of the Anti-Slavery International on the efforts of CSI; Role of the Sudanese government in countering slavery.

Discusses the condition of racial discrimination or segregation in most foreign countries. Manifestations of the severity of racial discrimination in foreign countries compared to the U.S.; Discussion on slave trading between Sudan and Saudi Arabia and its impact to England and the United Nations; Overview of the reality of enslavement and the moral problems raised by racial discrimination.

Details the foreign assignment undertaken by `Baltimore Sun' reporters Gilbert Lewthwaite and Gregory Kane where they bought two young slaves from a slave trade in Sudan. Assignment was an investigation into Louis Farrakhan's claim that slavery is nonexistent in Sudan; Reporters' impressions on the entire assignment.