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Presents an abstract of the paper ``Rockin' the Rock House' A Music Video to Prevent Syphillis in South Central Los Angeles,' by Juli Schmidt, a semifinalist paper in the contest for the 1989 Secretary's Award for Innovations in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.

For Salvadorans who relocated to the United States, the marginalization imposed by American society, the victimization enacted by Mexican gangs and their negative experience with El Salvador's practice of citizenship brought them to create the Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and modify 18th Street gangs in the neighborhoods of Los Angeles. Living on the fringes of society, they were kept from attaining the social, civil and economic benefits of a liberal democratic model of citizenship. This paper claims that, in order to survive, they took it upon themselves to create a parallel model of citizenship, combining anarchism with ''citizenship as agency'' under the gang structure. Following Philip Oxhorn's analysis of models of citizenship, this study examines how Salvadoran refugees came to create such alternative citizenship in the framework of the MS-13 and 18th Street gangs. Analysis asserts that the structure and development of membership in the gangs is not a coincidence, but rather a response to their marginalization, negative experience of state citizenship, and their participation in public arenas modeled as an extension of social contracts. Understanding the views of these, now transnational, gangs in terms of citizenship can aid policymakers and Central American governments as they approach these groups, eliminating violence and promoting development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that citizens are capable of developing and promoting complex policy symbols, and that these symbols include supporting frames that explain and justify them. Based on a long-term study of education policies in Los Angeles, California, the paper uses interpretive methods to reconstruct and analyze these frames. Citizens developed two specific policy symbols while the district was engulfed in a desegregation debate; citizens identified schools as places where students gained academic knowledge and as institutions that affected broader race relations. However, education policy in Los Angeles could not support these two symbols over a long period of time, and a political movement to end mandatory busing eventually caused the academic symbol (originally the weaker of the two symbols) to become dominant. This trend reflects broader national discussions, in which education is now discussed in terms of standards and accountability and is evidence of continuing racism in US policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the struggles of the Mexican American civil rights in Los Angeles, California during the early Cold War era. Accordingly, the paper explains the ways in which those mid-century campaigns for Mexican American civil rights were fundamentally cooperative. The paper also highlighted the significance of the struggle of the Mexican American civil rights for Mexican Americans' quest for full citizenship

This paper presents a procedure for the evaluation of the seismic damage in steel moment frame buildings. The rotational capacities, of typical connections of a building in the Los Angeles area, which suffered extensive damage during the Northridge earthquake, were determined using stress triaxiality as an indicator for fracture. The rotational demands of the same connections were obtained from a three-dimensional finite element analysis of the building model. Comparisons of the rotational demands at several locations in the building to the rotational capacities determined by the stress triaxiality analysis showed that fracture of steel moment connections of the building are governed by the triaxiality of stresses. Based on a number of moment connections analyzed, the paper suggests a moment capacity equation for the pre-Northridge welded steel moment connections taking into account the fracture incidence due to stress triaxiality effect. The moment capacity of such connections as dictated by stress triaxiality compared favorably to FEMA-350 requirements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper offers a critique of the recent work on global economic and state restructuring in the broader political economy literature. It argues that much of this work, because of its theoretical reliance on regulation theory, offers only a partial account of the state and state restructuring. The paper offers a framework for understanding state restructuring and the state's role in economic regulation that adds more explicitly political imperatives to the existing regulation account. The methodological goals of the regulationist literature have led it to focus too heavily on the reproduction of capitalist relations as the primary object of state policies and institutions. That focus should be enlarged to include an explicit analysis of the important element of state-citizen relations. In addition to helping reproduce capitalist relations, state policies must also reproduce a condition of political legitimacy between state and citizen in order to ensure the continued reproduction of state institutions and state sovereignty. While the statecitizen relation is closely bound up with economic relations, it also includes non-economic, more purely political aspects. I argue that the imperative of state-citizen legitimacy will play an important role in how the state is restructured in the present crisis. The paper ends by offering a case study of the local state in Los Angeles in order to illustrate how state-citizen political legitimacy can play an important role in state restructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An emerging model for sexuality education is the rights-based approach, which unifies discussions of sexuality, gender norms, and sexual rights to promote the healthy sexual development of adolescents. A rigorous evaluation of a rights-based intervention for a broad population of adolescents in the U.S. has not previously been published. This paper evaluates the immediate effects of the Sexuality Education Initiative (SEI) on hypothesized psychosocial determinants of sexual behavior. Methods: A cluster-randomized trial was conducted with ninth-grade students at 10 high schools in Los Angeles. Classrooms at each school were randomized to receive either a rights-based curriculum or basic sex education (control) curriculum. Surveys were completed by 1,750 students (N = 934 intervention, N = 816 control) at pretest and immediate posttest. Multilevel regression models examined the short-term effects of the intervention on nine psychosocial outcomes, which were hypothesized to be mediators of students' sexual behaviors. Results: Compared with students who received the control curriculum, students receiving the rights-based curriculum demonstrated significantly greater knowledge about sexual health and sexual health services, more positive attitudes about sexual relationship rights, greater communication about sex and relationships with parents, and greater self-efficacy to manage risky situations at immediate posttest. There were no significant differences between the two groups for two outcomes, communication with sexual partners and intentions to use condoms. Conclusions: Participation in the rights-based classroom curriculum resulted in positive, statistically significant effects on seven of nine psychosocial outcomes, relative to a basic sex education curriculum. Longer-term effects on students' sexual behaviors will be tested in subsequent analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. In order to comprehensively examine the risks and resources associated with racial-ethnic disparities in adverse obstetric outcomes, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health and the University of California, Los Angeles, joined efforts to design and implement the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby (LAMB) study. This paper aims to present the conceptual frameworks underlying the study's development, highlight the successful collaboration between a research institution and local health department, describe the distinguishing characteristics of its methodology, and discuss the study's implications for research, programs, and policies. Methods. The LAMB study utilized a multilevel, multistage cluster design with a mixed-mode methodology for data collection. Two samples were ultimately produced: the multilevel sample (n = 4,518) and the augmented final sample (n = 6,264). Results. The LAMB study allowed us to collect multilevel data on the risks and resources associated with racial-ethnic disparities in adverse obstetric outcomes. Both samples were more likely to be Hispanic, aged 20-34 years, completed at least 12 years of schooling, and spoke English. Conclusions. The LAMB study represents the successful collaboration between an academic institution and local health department and is a theoretically based research database and surveillance system that informs effective programmatic and policy interventions to improve outcomes among LAC's varied demographic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States has, since its birth been a linguistically and culturally diverse nation, forcing administrators attend minority groups and to respond adequately to their educational needs. Our paper begins with a historical journey that has given us some data on migratory movements in the U.S. and has informed us to the current demographic composition. Among the educational responses that have been given attention to minorities, some have been successful as bilingual educational policies. From a research design that responds to a case study we have analyzed a bilingual school in the county of Los Angeles in California. The school follows the model Two-Way Immersion or Dual Language Immersion. This model is based on the theory of linguistic minorities' integration with the dominant majority and through instruction in two languages to both groups that they become bilingual and develop attitudes of respect for other cultures. The TWI/DLImodel could be useful for some recently started bilingual/multilingual schools of our local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research compares several national-origin groups in terms of how parents' entry, legalization and naturalization ( i.e., membership) statuses relate to their children's educational attainment. In the case of Asian groups, the members of which predominantly come to the United States as permanent legal migrants, we hypothesize (1) that father's and mother's statuses will be relatively homogenous and few in number and (2) that these will exert minimal net effects on second-generation attainment. For Mexicans, many of whom initially come as temporary unauthorized migrants, we hypothesize (1) that parental status combinations will be heterogeneous and greater in number and (2) that marginal membership statuses will exert negative net effects on education in the second generation. To assess these ideas, we analyze unique intergenerational data from Los Angeles on the young adult members of second-generation national-origin groups and their parents. The findings show that Asian immigrant groups almost universally exhibit similar father-mother migration statuses and high educational attainment among children. By contrast, Mexicans manifest more numerous discrepant father-mother combinations, with those in which the mother remains unauthorized carrying negative implications for children's schooling. The paper discusses the theoretical and policy implications of the delays in incorporation that result from Mexican Americans needing extra time and resources compared to the members of other groups to overcome their handicap of marginal membership status ( i.e., being more likely to enter and remain unauthorized). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that a dynamic relationship existed during the 1929-1955 period between the Hollywood film industry and the United States income tax system. The relationship functioned on three levels. First, steep marginal tax rates impacted film production, encouraging certain highly paid actors and directors to work less in the 1930s, form corporations in the 1940s, and live and work abroad in the 1950s. Second, Hollywood played a key role in the popular cultural discourse surrounding the income tax. Third, Hollywood itself influenced the income tax system, most significantly through the career of actor-turned-politician Ronald Reagan. Drawing on extensive legal scholarship and numerous archival sources - including the legal files of the Warner Bros. Archive and the John Huston, William Wyler, and George Cukor Papers housed at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences - the article suggests that the implications of Hollywood's relationship with the income tax reach beyond industrial film history into American cultural and political history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Russian-born composer Igor Stravinsky and his four arrangements of the U.S.'s national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banners." It states that after filing his initial papers for U.S. citizenship in August 1940, he turned his attention to the U.S.'s national anthem. Stravinsky led different harmonizations of "The Star-Spangled Banner" at his first and last concerts at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, California in August 1940 and July 1966. The first arrangement, from 1917, was by Walter Damrosch, which is a man he had met in 1925. In 1966, it was his own arrangement because he was commemorating its 25th anniversary. In July 1941, he acknowledged that "inspiration" and "suggestion" for the arrangements came from his "elderly" student and his son-in-law.

This essay draws primarily upon Ralph Bunche's personal papers and the two most recent scholarly biographies of him (Henry, 1999; Urquhart, 1993) to analyze his formative years and what they might illuminate about the formation of character. It also places this chapter of Bunche's life within its larger historical context. Special attention is given to Bunche's years in Los Angeles, because it was during this time that Bunche first became a respected public figure and a leader of his generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reported in this paper sampled 40 water vending machines distributed throughout the city of Los Angeles, California, in the water servicing area of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. The authors examined water samples for temperature, turbidity, chlorine content, fungal growth, coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and heterotrophic plate counts using plate count agar and R2A agar. Roughly 48 percent of the original 40 samples were sampled in a second or third round, and these subsequent samples were examined for coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and both heterotrophic plate counts. Observations were made of vending-machine external conditions, identifying information, and permits. Statistically significant associations were found between operator accessibility and poor machine conditions, operator accessibility and permits, and operator accessibility and the servicing interval. Statistically significant associations also were found between operator accessibility and presence of fungi, Pseudomonas spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and between presence of fungi and the servicing interval. In addition, statistically significant associations indicate that the quality of machine maintenance is a factor in microbial levels. The microbial content of the water suggested a need for further research into potential health effects in susceptible populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology, held in May 2002 in Los Angeles, California. Inclusion of angiogenesis and vascular biology; Growth factors and signal transduction; Photobiology; Pigmentation.

Stressing the network's facilitation of immigrants searches for jobs and housing, migration network theory has conceptually overlooked the manner in which immigrants' social networks also expand the supply of jobs and housing in target destinations by means of the ethnic economy. An expanded migration network theory takes into account the ethnic economy's role in creating new resources in the destination economy. However, the power of this objection wanes in the context of working-class immigrations that generate few entrepreneurs. Introduced here, the concept of immigrant economy responds to this contingency. Unlike ethnic economies, in which co-ethnics hire co-ethnics, immigrant economies arise when immigrants hire non-co-ethnic fellow immigrants. This situation usually arises when very entrepreneurial immigrant groups coexist in a labor market with working-class immigrant groups that generate few entrepreneurs of their own. Using evidence from the garment industry of Los Angeles, this paper estimates that only a third of immigrant employees found their jobs in a conventional ethnic economy. Half owed their employment to the immigrant economy in which, for the most part, Asian entrepreneurs employed Latino workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the symposium on atmospheric general circulation modeling held at the University of California, Los Angeles. Guest of honor; Participants; Papers presented.

Social networks operate within a specific time-space fabric. This paper develops a theoretical framework for understanding the role of social networks among the homeless. The concept of time-space discontinuity is offered as a way to conceptualize the impacts of homelessness on social network formation, daily paths, fife paths, personal identity and self-esteem. Ethnographic research among homeless women in Skid Row, Los Angeles is used to illustrate the theoretical framework. Results indicate that homeless women develop both peer and "homed" social networks as a means of coping with their circumstances and reestablishing time-space continuity. Network relationships can also serve as substitutes for place-based stations in the daily path such as home and work. The characteristics of social networks and daily time-space paths appear to have affected the identities and self-esteem of the homeless women.

This paper reports on a survey of employers to assess the impact of immigration and employer practices on black employment chances in Los Angeles. We observe a process of cumulative causation in which a set of mutually reinforcing changes raise barriers to the hiring of blacks. Network hiring seems to have a dual function, bringing immigrant communities into the workplace, while at the same time detaching vacancies from the open market, thus diminishing opportunities for blacks. Employers also perceive immigrants as far more desirable employees than blacks, in part, because they expect that immigrants will be the more productive workers, in part, because they also see immigrants as more tractable labor. Any managerial propensity to favor immigrants is likely to be reinforced by the attitudes of the predominantly Latino workforce, as inserting a black worker in a predominantly Latino crew is not a technique for increasing productivity, given the hostility between the two groups. And African-Americans seem to play their own role in this process, apparently opting out of the low-level labor market in response to rising expectations, on the one hand, and the anticipation of employment difficulties on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software pervades the growing web of computers and communications systems providing diverse services, personal, commercial, financial, public, and entertainment services. Providing timely, cost-effective, high-quality software for these diverse services requires the best possible technology and practice that the software engineering community can provide. The 1999 International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) was held in Los Angeles, California. Following the lead of previous ICSE conferences, the aim of ICSE held in the year 1999 was to bring together software engineering practitioners and researchers to present and discuss the most promising approaches for meeting the software challenges of the next century. The February 2001, issue of the journal IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering presents a special section with some of the best papers of the conference held in the year 1999. These papers were selected through an additional review process conducted after the conference. The ICSE '99 program committee selected a number of the best quality papers. The authors of these papers were invited to submit extended versions of their papers for consideration for journal publication.

Focuses on the agenda for the 1999 International Conference of Software Engineering in Los Angeles, California. Enhancement of the industrial presentation programs; List of participating research papers; Topics and writers for the research papers.

Focuses on the conference on Pure Land Buddhism in Dialogue with Christian Theology, held at the Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, California from September 9-14, 2001. Roots of the conference; Focus of the conference; Christianity's response to the modern world; Subjects of the papers presented at the conference; Significance of interreligious dialogue.

Pays tribute to Brian Lance Bosart, a graduate student of meteorology at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCAL) who died in a car accident at the age of 26. Achievements and recognitions received as a graduate student; Research papers completed; UCLA and Cornell University's establishment of memorial funds for Bosart.

The papers appearing in this special issue of the "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering" periodical are based on papers that originally appeared in the proceedings of the First International Conference on Data Engineering which was held in Los Angeles, California, on April 25-27, 1984. The paper by Braegger, Dudler, Rebsamen and Zehnder was selected as the best paper at the conference by the awards committee, and concerns a database tool called Gambit. This design tool is based on an extended relational/entity relationship model and assists the designer with a wide variety of subtools. The paper by Farmer, King, and Myers is also about a design tool which is called the Semantic Database Constructor (Sedaco). It is based on a semantic data model which buffers the designer from most low level data structuring issues.

The Third International Conference on Data Engineering was held in Los Angeles, California on February 2 to 6, 1987. The conference was designed as an international forum for bringing together researchers, developers, managers, strategic planners and other users with an interest in the research, design and development of data engineering methodologies, strategies and systems. Its scope includes computer science, artificial intelligence, electrical engineering, and computer engineering. It featured papers from all major areas of data engineering, including database design and modeling, performance evaluation, algorithms, integrity, security, fault tolerance, query language, artificial intelligence approaches, knowledge bases, database machines, distributed databases and data engineering applications.

The Toxics Exposure Assessment Columbia-Harvard (TEACH) Project characterized personal, indoor, and outdoor concentrations of a suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for high school students living in New York City (NYC) and Los Angeles (LA). This paper presents the analysis of VOC measurements collected indoors and outdoors for 46 students' homes in NYC and for 41 students' homes in LA across two seasons. Dual-sorbent thermal desorption tubes were used for the collection of 15 VOCs and C18 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated cartridges were used for the collection of seven aldehydes. Air-exchange rates (AERs) were also measured using a perfluorocarbon tracer gas method. The AERs were lower in the winter in both cities, averaging 1h-1 in NYC and 1.4h-1 in LA, compared with 1.8h-1 in NYC in the summer and 2.5h-1 in LA in the fall. Higher AERs were generally associated with lower indoor­outdoor ratios with significant differences for the compounds with indoor sources, including chloroform, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and formaldehyde. Using a mass-balance model to account for AER and other housing parameters, effective source emission rates (SER) were calculated for each compound. Based on I/O ratios and source emission rates, VOCs could be divided into: (1) indoor-source-influenced compounds, (2) those with contributions from both indoor and outdoor sources, and (3) those with mostly outdoor sources. Significant indoor sources were found for the following six compounds (mean emission rates presented): chloroform (0.11mg/h), 1,4-dichlorobenzene (19mg/h), formaldehyde (5mg/h), acetaldehyde (2mg/h), benzaldehyde (0.6mg/h), and hexaldehyde (2mg/h). Although chloroform had variable I/O ratios across seasons, SERs, which accounted for AER, were similar in both cities for both seasons (e.g., LA means 0.12 and 0.11mg/h in winter and fall, respectively). Formaldehyde had substantially higher indoor emission rates in the summer in NYC compared to winter (3.8 vs. 1.6mg/h) but lower in the fall in LA compared to winter (4.3 vs. 5.0mg/h). Uncertainty analysis determined that source strength calculations were not sensitive to measurement error for a subset of homes in LA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the Educators Program for SIGGRAPH 2001, the 28th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques held in Los Angeles, California in August 2001. Papers from the Educators Program which illustrated creative uses of computer graphics and innovative virtual collaborative learning environments.

Reports on the Lester Breslow Award for Distinguished Achievement in Public Health received by University of New Mexico School of Public Administration professor Larry Gordon from the County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services. Paper presented by Gordon; Other awards received by Gordon.